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März 2020</time></span> </div> </header> <p><strong>Dass die DHd 2020 mit ihrem Thema „Spielräume“ nicht nur am Puls der Zeit, sondern den europäischen Entwicklungen aufgrund des Coronavirus sogar einen Schritt voraus war, ahnte zum Zeitpunkt der Abhaltung der größten Konferenz zu den digitalen Geisteswissenschaften im deutschsprachigen Raum noch niemand.</strong></p> <p>Aber von Anfang an: Als im Jahr 2019 der <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dig-hum.de/">Verband „Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum</a>“ dazu aufrief, Konferenzbeiträge zum Thema „Spielräume“ einzureichen, war mein Interesse gleich geweckt. Als Translationswissenschafterin habe ich es immer mit Spielräumen zu tun, seien es Spielräume beim Übersetzen, Spielräume durch Technologie oder methodische Spielräume. Eines meiner Forschungsthemen, nämlich maschinelle Übersetzung – und wie maschinelle Übersetzung Spielräume eröffnet und einschränkt – passte perfekt zum Thema. Das sahen die anonymen Gutachter*innen der Tagung  glücklicherweise auch so, und mein Beitrag „<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666690">Sprachvarietätenabhängige Terminologie in der neuronalen maschinellen Übersetzung</a>“ wurde angenommen. Dass ich überhaupt an der DHd 2020 in Paderborn teilnehmen konnte, habe ich übrigens den Reisestipendiengeber*innen (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dig-hum.de/">DHd</a>-Verband und <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://clariah-de.net/">CLARIAH-DE</a>) zu verdanken.</p> <h2><strong>DHd-Ersti </strong></h2> <p>Ihren Auftakt fand die Digital Humanities-Tagung im <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://www.hnf.de/start.html">Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum</a>, dem größten Computermuseum der Welt, in dem wir vor der offiziellen Eröffnung herumwandeln durften. In ihrer <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd2020.de/keynotes/">Eröffnungsrede setzte Julia Flanders</a> den Rahmen für die diesjährige Tagung: Digital Humanities zwischen Modellierung und Interpretation.</p> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container"> <div class="wp-block-columns"> <div class="wp-block-column"> <div id="attachment_13369" style="width: 310px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/HeinzNixdorfMuseumsForum_früheRechner_CC-BY4.0_Barbara_Heinisch.jpg"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13369" class="size-medium wp-image-13369" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/HeinzNixdorfMuseumsForum_früheRechner_CC-BY4.0_Barbara_Heinisch-300x225.jpg" alt="Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum: frühe Rechner" width="300" height="225" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/HeinzNixdorfMuseumsForum_früheRechner_CC-BY4.0_Barbara_Heinisch-300x225.jpg 300w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/HeinzNixdorfMuseumsForum_früheRechner_CC-BY4.0_Barbara_Heinisch-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/HeinzNixdorfMuseumsForum_früheRechner_CC-BY4.0_Barbara_Heinisch-768x576.jpg 768w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/HeinzNixdorfMuseumsForum_früheRechner_CC-BY4.0_Barbara_Heinisch-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/HeinzNixdorfMuseumsForum_früheRechner_CC-BY4.0_Barbara_Heinisch-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/HeinzNixdorfMuseumsForum_früheRechner_CC-BY4.0_Barbara_Heinisch-243x181.jpg 243w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></a><p id="caption-attachment-13369" class="wp-caption-text"><em>Von den ersten Zahlentafeln bis hin zu Robotern mit künstlicher Intelligenz – Besuch im Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum im Vorfeld der DHd 2020.</em></p></div> </div> <div class="wp-block-column"> <div id="attachment_13371" style="width: 235px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/RathausPaderborn_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-rotated.jpg"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13371" class="size-medium wp-image-13371" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/RathausPaderborn_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-225x300.jpg" alt="Rathaus Paderborn" width="225" height="300" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/RathausPaderborn_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-225x300.jpg 225w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/RathausPaderborn_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/RathausPaderborn_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/RathausPaderborn_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/RathausPaderborn_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-rotated.jpg 1732w" sizes="(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px"/></a><p id="caption-attachment-13371" class="wp-caption-text"><em>Bei den Stadtführungen konnten die Besucher*innen der DHd 2020-Tagung Näheres über Paderborn erfahren. Am Ausgangspunkt, dem Rathaus, fand auch die Verleihung der Reisestipendien an Nachwuchswissenschafter*innen statt.</em></p></div> </div> </div> <h2><strong>Zusammenspiel von Annotation und Interpretation</strong></h2> <p>Im Zuge meines erstmaligen Besuchs einer DHd-Tagung war es interessant zu sehen, in welchen Spannungsfeldern sich die digitalen Geisteswissenschaften bewegen und welche Spielräume sich durch digitale Werkzeuge und Methoden in den Geisteswissenschaften eröffnen, sich aber vielleicht auch verschließen. So tragen z.B. Annotation und Modellierung dazu bei, neue Fragestellungen zu beantworten, aber sie können auch die Perspektive und damit den Interpretationsspielraum einschränken.</p> <p>Das zeigte sich in vielen Vorträgen, z.B. bei der <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://www.conftool.com/dhd2020/index.php?page=browseSessions&presentations=show&search=W%C3%BCrgegriff+oder+Rettungsanker%3F+">Annotation von handschriftlichen Partituren berühmter Komponisten</a>, die stark von der Kenntnis der Schreibgewohnten des Komponisten beeinflusst wird und durch die Normierung mittels Repräsentationssprachen wie TEI Interpretationsspielräume (noch weiter) verengt. Ein anderes Beispiel ist das <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://www.conftool.com/dhd2020/index.php?page=browseSessions&presentations=show&search=undogmatisches">Annotieren literaturwissenschaftlicher Texte</a>, bei dem hermeneutische Textarbeit und deskriptive Textanalyse Hand in Hand gehen können und es einen unterschiedlichen Formalisierungsgrad der Texterschließung gibt.</p> <h2><strong>Maschinelle Übersetzung und (terminologische) Spielräume</strong></h2> <p>Am Freitag war mein Moment „im Rampenlicht“ gekommen: Mein „großer“ Auftritt vor einem – na ja, zugegebenermaßen – eher kleinen Kreis. Es ging in meinem Vortrag <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://www.conftool.com/dhd2020/index.php?page=browseSessions&presentations=show&search=heinisch">um sprachvarietätenabhängige Terminologie in der neuronalen maschinellen Übersetzung</a>. Ziel war es, Bewusstsein dafür zu schaffen, dass es nicht nur eine Version der deutschen Sprache – auch nicht der Terminologien in den deutschen Fachsprachen – gibt und maschinelle Übersetzung zu einer Einschränkung der sprachlichen Spielräume (und zu Missverständnissen) führen kann, wenn in erster Linie die deutsche Standardvarietät der deutschen Sprache im Output von maschinellen Übersetzungssystemen vorkommt.</p> <p></p> <div id="attachment_13377" style="width: 310px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DHd2020_Postersession_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch.jpg"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13377" class="wp-image-13377 size-medium" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DHd2020_Postersession_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-300x225.jpg" alt="Postersession bei der DHd 2020" width="300" height="225" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/DHd2020_Postersession_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-300x225.jpg 300w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/DHd2020_Postersession_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/DHd2020_Postersession_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-768x576.jpg 768w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/DHd2020_Postersession_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/DHd2020_Postersession_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/uploads/2020/03/DHd2020_Postersession_CC-BY4.0_Heinisch-243x181.jpg 243w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></a><p id="caption-attachment-13377" class="wp-caption-text"><em>Nach einem amüsanten Posterslam, bei dem nicht nur gedichtet und gesungen, sondern auch geboxt wurde, konnten sich die Teilnehmer*innen in der Postersession der DHd 2020 untereinander austauschen.</em></p></div> <h2><strong>Was bleibt von der DHd 2020 (hängen)?</strong></h2> <p>Was ich von der DHd 2020 mitgenommen habe:</p> <p>Die digitalen Geisteswissenschaften bewegen sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen veralteten Strukturen und neuer Technologie. Sie erfordern ein Umdenken in den „traditionellen“ Geisteswissenschaften und vor allem auch interdisziplinäreres Denken (in #DHfromScratch).</p> <p>Die Begleitung des digitalen Wandels ist ein experimentelles Feld. Daher gilt es, Wagnisse einzugehen und eine Fehlertoleranzkultur aufzubauen.</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://www.conftool.com/dhd2020/index.php?page=browseSessions&presentations=show&search=textanalyse+mit+kombinierten">Operationalisierung ist wichtig für Mensch und Maschine</a>. Die Interpretation am Ende einer Forschungstätigkeit sollte immer unter Berücksichtigung der im Laufe der Forschung getroffenen Operationalisierungsentscheidungen erfolgen, z.B. anhand der Auswahl der Korpora oder der Trainingsparameter für maschinelle Lernverfahren. Die Bewertung von Ergebnissen sollte daher im Einklang mit der Bewertung des Weges zu diesen Ergebnissen vorgenommen werden.</p> <p>Das Arbeitsinstrument Computer eröffnet viele Möglichkeiten bezüglich Methoden, Ressourcen und Werkzeugen. Die dafür erforderliche Formalisierung, z.B. in Form von TEI, kann Spielräume eröffnen, aber auch einschränken.</p> <p>Zu den Werkzeugen, die ich wiederverwenden werde, zählen u.a.: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://kompakkt.de/home">Kompakkt</a> für die Annotation von digitalen 3D-Objekten, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://catma.de/">CATMA</a> für Textannotation und -analyse bzw. Textbeschreibung und -auslegung, sowie <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://autochirp.spinfo.uni-koeln.de/home">autoChirp</a>, um Tweets im Voraus zu planen.</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://hcommons.org/">Humanities Commons</a> könnte eine interessante (nicht kommerzielle) Alternative zu ResearchGate und Academia für Geisteswissenschafter*innen sein, um sich selbst und die eigenen Forschungsleistungen zu präsentieren.</p> <p>Die digitalen Geisteswissenschaften spielen eine wichtige Rolle für den Erhalt des kulturellen Erbes. Das Sammeln, Ordnen (z.B. mittels Metadaten) und Bewahren sind <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://www.conftool.com/dhd2020/index.php?page=browseSessions&form_session=225&presentations=show">Formen der systematischen Wirklichkeitserschließung</a>. Objekte in Sammlungen befinden sich am Spannungsfeld zwischen dem ihnen eingeschriebenen, aber aktuell abwesenden kulturellen Kontext. Neben der Bedeutung, die Objekte anno dazumal hatten, erfahren sie durch ihre Anordnung im Raum in Sammlungen oder durch ihre Digitalisierung einen neuen kulturellen Kontext.</p> <p>Annotation und Interpretation sind untrennbar miteinander verbunden. Um die Objektivität von Annotationen zu erhöhen, kann auf das <em>inter-annotator agreement</em> zurückgegriffen oder Annotationen gegenseitig Korrektur gelesen werden. Außerdem kann durch Meta-Annotation die eigene Annotation angereichert werden, um die Entscheidungen hinter der jeweiligen Annotation nachvollziehen zu können.</p> <h2><strong>Die Digital Humanities haben viel mit „Übersetzen“ zu tun</strong></h2> <p>Als Übersetzerin war es besonders spannend zu beobachten, dass die Grundlage der digitalen Geisteswissenschaften das „Übersetzen“ ist: Übersetzen in Annotation, Übersetzen in Modellierung, Übersetzen in TEI usw. Ohne eine „Übersetzung“ des Forschungsmaterials in Modelle oder Repräsentationssprachen gäbe es also keine Digital Humanities.</p> <p></p> <hr> <p><em>Über die Autorin:</em></p> <p><em>Barbara Heinisch ist Forschende und Lehrende am <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://transvienna.univie.ac.at/">Zentrum für Translationswissenschaft</a> der <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/http://www.univie.ac.at/">Universität Wien</a>. In ihrer Dissertation beschäftigt sie sich mit der Usability der Terminologiedatenbank der Universität Wien. Ihre Forschungsinteressen sind Lokalisierung, Technische Dokumentation, Usability, Barrierefreiheit, Terminologie, Fachübersetzung, maschinelle Übersetzung und Citizen Science. Außerdem ist sie Mitentwicklerin des <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://www.sprachressourcen.at/">Sprachressourcenportals Österreichs</a> und arbeitet an diversen Forschungsprojekten, wie dem Citizen Science-Projekt „<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://iam.dioe.at/">In aller Munde und aller Köpfe – Deutsch in Österreich</a>“. Auf der DHd 2020 war sie mit dem Beitrag „<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://www.conftool.com/dhd2020/index.php?page=browseSessions&presentations=show&search=heinisch">Sprachvarietätenabhängige Terminologie in der neuronalen maschinellen Übersetzung</a>“ vertreten.</em></p> </div></div> <div class="social-share"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style"> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_1"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_2"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_3"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_4"></a> <a class="addthis_button_compact"></a> <a class="addthis_counter addthis_bubble_style"></a> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552js_/http://s7.addthis.com/js/250/addthis_widget.js#pubid=xa-502bae7409ca736f"></script> </div>  <div class="holder"> <i class="fa fa-folder"></i> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?cat=103" rel="category">Community</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?cat=534" rel="category">Konferenz</a>    <i class="fa fa-tag"></i> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?tag=digital-humanities" rel="tag">Digital Humanities</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?tag=maschinelle-uebersetzung" rel="tag">maschinelle Übersetzung</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?tag=reisestipendium" rel="tag">Reisestipendium</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?tag=terminologie" rel="tag">Terminologie</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?tag=translation" rel="tag">Translation</a> </div> </article> <span id="comments"></span> <section class="comment-holder"> <div class="c-counter"> <span>Ein Kommentar </span> <a href="#respond"><i class="fa fa-comments"></i>Kommentar schreiben</a> </div> <ul class="comments"> <li> <div class="profile-holder"> <div class="img-holder"> <img width="46" height="46" alt="no image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552im_/https://dhd-blog.org/app/themes/dhdblog/images/bg-comment.png"> </div> <div class="txt"> <header class="heading-holder"> <h2>Reisestipendiatinnen und -stipendiaten der DHd 2020 – Übersicht und Beiträge | DHd-Blog <time class="date" datetime="2013-12-10">05. Mai 2020</time></h2> </span><span class="fa fa-reply"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?p=13363&replytocom=155895#respond" data-commentid="155895" data-postid="13363" data-belowelement="comment-155895" data-respondelement="respond" aria-label="Antworte auf Reisestipendiatinnen und -stipendiaten der DHd 2020 – Übersicht und Beiträge | DHd-Blog">Antworten</a></span> </header> <p>[…] Barbara Heinisch (Univ. Wien)Im Spannungsfeld zwischen Annotation und Interpretation – „Übersetzung“ als Grundlage der digitalen Geisteswissenschaften, in: DHd Blog, 24.3.2020, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?p=13363" rel="nofollow ugc">https://dhd-blog.org/?p=13363</a>. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?m=201210">Oktober 2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?m=201209">September 2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?m=201208">August 2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?m=201207">Juli 2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?m=201206">Juni 2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?m=201205">Mai 2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?m=201204">April 2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?m=201203">März 2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?m=201202">Februar 2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?m=201201">Januar 2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/?m=201112">Dezember 2011</a></li> </ul>  </div><div id="linkcat-2" class="widget widget_links"><h3>Blogroll</h3> <ul class="xoxo blogroll"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/http://clairewarwick.blogspot.com/" title="Thoughts about Digital Humanities, academia, research, running things, and being a woman with too much to do.">Claire Warwick's blog</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/http://www.gcdh.de/en/projects/dh" title="Göttinger Verbundprojekt zu DH" target="_blank">DH Forschungsverbund</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/http://www.dh2012.uni-hamburg.de/">DH2012 Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/http://dhdhi.hypotheses.org/">Digital Humanities am DHIP</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/http://dhi.intd.cnam.fr/">Digital Humanities International</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/http://digitalhumanitiesnow.org/">Digital Humanities Now</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/http://blogs.cch.kcl.ac.uk/wip/">Digital Humanities: KCL</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/http://digitalscholarship.wordpress.com/">Digital Scholarship in the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/http://digiversity.net/">Digiversity</a></li> </ul> </div> </aside></div> <a class="scrollUp" href="#header"> Scroll to top</a>  <footer id="footer"> <div class="footer-holder">  <span class="copyright">Copyright © 2020 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/https://dhd-blog.org/">DHd-Blog</a></span> <ul class="footer-logo"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083552/http://www.textgrid.de/"><img width="129" 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