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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_of_park_property" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_of_park_property"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Acquisition of park property </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_of_park_property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_as_a_military_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_as_a_military_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Use as a military base </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_as_a_military_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initial_development_of_Riis_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_development_of_Riis_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Initial development of Riis Park </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_development_of_Riis_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_under_Robert_Moses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_under_Robert_Moses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Expansion under Robert Moses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_under_Robert_Moses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_of_Neponsit_Hospital_property" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_of_Neponsit_Hospital_property"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Acquisition of Neponsit Hospital property </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_of_Neponsit_Hospital_property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_and_creation_of_Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_and_creation_of_Gateway_National_Recreation_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Decline and creation of Gateway National Recreation Area </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_and_creation_of_Gateway_National_Recreation_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_amphitheater_and_water_park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_amphitheater_and_water_park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Proposed amphitheater and water park </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_amphitheater_and_water_park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s_and_early-21st-century_renovation_attempts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s_and_early-21st-century_renovation_attempts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 1990s and early-21st-century renovation attempts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s_and_early-21st-century_renovation_attempts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pipeline_proposal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pipeline_proposal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Pipeline proposal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pipeline_proposal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demolition_of_Neponsit_Hospital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demolition_of_Neponsit_Hospital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 Demolition of Neponsit Hospital </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demolition_of_Neponsit_Hospital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBTQ_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBTQ_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.12 LGBTQ history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBTQ_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a 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40.56750°N 73.87333°W / 40.56750; -73.87333</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the park in Illinois, see <a href="/wiki/Riis_Park_(Chicago)" title="Riis Park (Chicago)">Riis Park (Chicago)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Urban park in Queens, New York City, US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #abdb75; line-height: 140%;">Jacob Riis Park</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_Riis_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Jacob_Riis_Park.jpg/275px-Jacob_Riis_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Jacob_Riis_Park.jpg/413px-Jacob_Riis_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Jacob_Riis_Park.jpg/550px-Jacob_Riis_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-zoom="10" data-lat="40.682" data-lon="-73.965" data-overlays="["_1403a556341eee76caebc5d89a09e3edb47a6c77"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/40.682/-73.965/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,40.682,-73.965,300x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Jacob_Riis_Park&revid=1259970120&groups=_1403a556341eee76caebc5d89a09e3edb47a6c77" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,40.682,-73.965,300x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Jacob_Riis_Park&revid=1259970120&groups=_1403a556341eee76caebc5d89a09e3edb47a6c77 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="category"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Public park</td></tr><tr class="label"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jacob_Riis_Park&params=40_34_3_N_73_52_24_W_type:landmark">40°34′3″N 73°52′24″W / 40.56750°N 73.87333°W / 40.56750; -73.87333</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">262 acres (106 ha)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created</th><td class="infobox-data">1937</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operated by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></td></tr><tr class="category"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Open all year</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public transit access</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Bus">Bus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Q22_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Q22 (New York City bus)">Q22</a>, <a href="/wiki/Q35_(New_York_City_bus)" title="Q35 (New York City bus)">Q35</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">Jacob Riis Park Historic District</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; color: #202122; background: #87CEEB"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark District</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jacob_Riis_Park&params=40_34_3_N_73_52_24_W_region:US-NY_type:landmark">40°34′3″N 73°52′24″W / 40.56750°N 73.87333°W / 40.56750; -73.87333</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Built</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">1932</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">John L. Plock, <a href="/wiki/Gilmore_D._Clarke" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilmore D. Clarke">Gilmore D. Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aymar_Embury_II" title="Aymar Embury II">Aymar Embury II</a>, Clinton Loyd, Julius Burgevin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/81000081">81000081</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">June 17, 1981<a href="#cite_note-nris-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Jacob Riis Park, also called Jacob A. Riis Park<a href="#cite_note-Society1922-2">[2]</a> and Riis Park,<a href="#cite_note-Group1971-3">[3]</a> is a seaside park on the southwestern portion of the <a href="/wiki/Rockaway,_Queens" title="Rockaway, Queens">Rockaway Peninsula</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>. It lies at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Parkway%E2%80%93Gil_Hodges_Memorial_Bridge" title="Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge">Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge</a>, east of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Tilden" title="Fort Tilden">Fort Tilden</a>, and west of <a href="/wiki/Neponsit,_Queens" title="Neponsit, Queens">Neponsit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Beach_and_Boardwalk" title="Rockaway Beach and Boardwalk">Rockaway Beach</a>. Originally run by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a>, it later became part of the Jamaica Bay Unit of the <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a>, and is managed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> (NPS). It features an extensive sand beach along the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> coastline and several historic <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> structures. In 1912, the city, urged on by social journalist <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Riis" title="Jacob Riis">Jacob Riis</a>, acquired the land for a park initially called Seaside Park and later Telawana Park. In 1914, the park was renamed for Riis. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the site was used as the <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Naval_Air_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockaway Naval Air Station">Rockaway Naval Air Station</a>, one of the first naval air stations in the United States and, in 1919, the launching point for the <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_NC-4" title="Curtiss NC-4">first transatlantic flight</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Public_bathing" title="Public bathing">bathhouse</a> was built in 1932, but much of the park's infrastructure and approaches were built between 1936 and 1937 by <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Parks</a> Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses" title="Robert Moses">Robert Moses</a>, who envisioned it as a getaway for New York City residents, like <a href="/wiki/Jones_Beach_State_Park" title="Jones Beach State Park">Jones Beach State Park</a> further east on Long Island. The park was built along with the Marine Parkway Bridge and the <a href="/wiki/Belt_Parkway" title="Belt Parkway">Belt Parkway</a> in nearby Brooklyn, which provided access to the park. After a period of decline, Jacob Riis Park was transferred in 1974 to the control of the National Park Service. The Jacob Riis Park Historic District was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 1981. The <a href="/wiki/Neponsit_Beach_Hospital" title="Neponsit Beach Hospital">Neponsit Beach Hospital</a>, which occupies part of the park's site, was razed in 2023. In addition to the bathhouse, the park contains a north–south central mall; a boardwalk to the north of the beach; a large parking lot; an 18-hole golf course; and several sporting fields. The beaches at Jacob Riis Park, on the south side of the Rockaway peninsula, consists of 15 bays on the Atlantic coast. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> The park was originally known as Seaside Park.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 5 (PDF p.11)  It was later renamed Telawana Park<a href="#cite_note-QnsPk-1912Report-Pt1-5">[5]</a>: 321 (PDF p.42) <a href="#cite_note-Lucev2007-6">[6]</a>: 2  after Culluloo Telewana, who was believed to be the last surviving member of the Rockaway <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> tribe until his death in 1818.<a href="#cite_note-Lucev2007-6">[6]</a>: 2 <a href="#cite_note-RossPelletreau1905-7">[7]</a> A monument to Telawana stands in <a href="/wiki/Woodsburgh,_New_York" title="Woodsburgh, New York">Woodsburgh, Long Island</a>, east of Far Rockaway.<a href="#cite_note-Lucev2007-6">[6]</a>: 2 <a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> In 1914, the park was renamed for <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Riis" title="Jacob Riis">Jacob Riis</a>, a famous New York City <a href="/wiki/Muckraker" title="Muckraker">muckraker</a> journalist and photographer who documented the plight of the poor and working class.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 5 (PDF p.11) <a href="#cite_note-nyhparks-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abandoned_Tuberculosis_Hospital_Jacob_Riis_Beach_Rockaways_New_York_2013_Shankbone.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Abandoned_Tuberculosis_Hospital_Jacob_Riis_Beach_Rockaways_New_York_2013_Shankbone.JPEG/220px-Abandoned_Tuberculosis_Hospital_Jacob_Riis_Beach_Rockaways_New_York_2013_Shankbone.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Abandoned_Tuberculosis_Hospital_Jacob_Riis_Beach_Rockaways_New_York_2013_Shankbone.JPEG/330px-Abandoned_Tuberculosis_Hospital_Jacob_Riis_Beach_Rockaways_New_York_2013_Shankbone.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Abandoned_Tuberculosis_Hospital_Jacob_Riis_Beach_Rockaways_New_York_2013_Shankbone.JPEG/440px-Abandoned_Tuberculosis_Hospital_Jacob_Riis_Beach_Rockaways_New_York_2013_Shankbone.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Neponsit_Beach_Hospital" title="Neponsit Beach Hospital">Neponsit Beach Hospital</a> (pictured) was opened in 1915 on Riis Park land, before major park development</figcaption></figure> What is now the site of Jacob Riis Park on the western Rockaway Peninsula was under water as recently as the early 19th century. The peninsula was gradually expanded westward by the natural <a href="/wiki/Accretion_(coastal_management)" title="Accretion (coastal management)">accretion</a> of sand from tidal action. By 1878, the peninsula extended as far as the current western boundaries of the park. The peninsula reached its current extents by the turn of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 5 (PDF p.11) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 2 <a href="#cite_note-Alfred_Henry_Bellot_1918-11">[11]</a>: 22  During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, the United States Army erected a <a href="/wiki/Blockhouse" title="Blockhouse">blockhouse</a> west of the future park site, on what was then an island.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 5 (PDF p.11) <a href="#cite_note-Lucev2007-6">[6]</a>: 99  It was demolished in 1818.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 1–3 <a href="#cite_note-Alfred_Henry_Bellot_1918-11">[11]</a>: 23  In 1880, the <a href="/wiki/New_York,_Woodhaven_%26_Rockaway_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, Woodhaven & Rockaway Railroad">New York, Woodhaven & Rockaway Railroad</a> opened a railroad line between mainland Queens and the Rockaways, with a terminal in <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Park%E2%80%93Beach_116th_Street_(IND_Rockaway_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street (IND Rockaway Line)">Rockaway Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·3 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 4–5  In 1879 with the railroad under construction, several New York businessmen formed the Rockaway Beach Improvement Company and drafted plans to create a landscaped park and amusement area in the western Rockaways. This development would include hotels and a <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a> track. At the approximate location of modern Riis Park would be a pavilion for beach-goers. The company purchased 750 acres (300 ha) of land between what are now Rockaway Park and <a href="/wiki/Breezy_Point,_Queens" title="Breezy Point, Queens">Breezy Point</a>, and later purchased 750 additional acres farther east. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a>, the designer of <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>, was contracted to survey the site.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 7–8 <a href="#cite_note-Lucev2007-6">[6]</a>: 89  Part of one hotel, called the <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Beach_Hotel" title="Rockaway Beach Hotel">Rockaway Beach Hotel</a> or the "Hotel Imperial", was opened in August 1881, with other hotels following it, but the park plans never materialized as the park company had gone bankrupt. This incomplete hotel was demolished by 1889.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 5 (PDF p.11) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 9 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·3 <a href="#cite_note-Lucev2007-6">[6]</a>: 89  A streetcar line running across the peninsula, operated by the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Electric_Railway" title="Ocean Electric Railway">Ocean Electric Railway</a>, opened in 1897, with its western end past Beach 149th Street within the modern park site.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 5 (PDF p.11) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 9–10  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisition_of_park_property">Acquisition of park property</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Acquisition of park property">edit</a>]</div> In 1900, the property that would later would become Riis Park was acquired by Edward P. Hatch as part of two lots totaling 1,000 acres (404.685642240 ha) in size. The first plot, the "Hatch Tract," was 350 acres (142 ha) while the second "<a href="/wiki/Belle_Harbor,_Queens" title="Belle Harbor, Queens">Bell Harbor</a> tract" was 650 acres (263 ha). The land consisted predominantly of marshland and meadows yet to be developed.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 10–11 <a href="#cite_note-QnsPk-1912Report-Pt2-13">[13]</a> From 1902 to 1903, the City of New York initially attempted to create a seaside beach park in <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 14  In 1904,<a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-QnsPk-1912Report-Pt2-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Society1922-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-SeasidePark-Board-Mar1907-15">[15]</a> the city planned to build an oceanside park in the western Rockaways near Rockaway Point (Breezy Point), supported by Jacob Riis' <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Improving_the_Condition_of_the_Poor" title="Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor">Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor</a>. The Association, as well as New York City Mayor <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan_Jr." title="George B. McClellan Jr.">George B. McClellan Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bellevue_Hospital" title="Bellevue Hospital">Bellevue and Allied Hospitals</a> president John W. Brannon, also lobbied for a hospital and "<a href="/wiki/Convalescent_home" class="mw-redirect" title="Convalescent home">convalescent home</a>" to be established.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 15 <a href="#cite_note-QnsPk-1912Report-Pt2-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Society1922-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poor1907-17">[17]</a> In March 1906, Hatch expressed interest in selling the "Hatch tract", with an asking price of $1 million.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 16  On May 15, 1906, an act was passed in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a> allowing for the purchase of beach property in or outside of the city for a maximum of $2.5 million. The act also allowed a portion of the property to be leased for the creation of hospitals.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 16  The Hatch tract was favored over other potential locations such as <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Coney Island, Brooklyn">Coney Island</a> and Staten Island, due to its large beach area continuously extended by tidal action, and beaches and surf of higher quality than the other sites.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 16–17  Because Hatch was offering the property at a much higher price than its appraised value of $200,000, the city sought to acquire the site via condemnation.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 17  Efforts to develop the park, then called Seaside Park, and the hospital were suspended on November 1, 1907,<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 18 <a href="#cite_note-QnsPk-1912Report-Pt2-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-SeasidePk-Dec1909-18">[18]</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1907" title="Panic of 1907">panic of 1907</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 18 <a href="#cite_note-Fayette-SeasideHosp-1912-19">[19]</a> but resurrected in 1909 after campaigning from citizens and philanthropic groups.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 18 <a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-SeasidePk-Dec1909-18">[18]</a> Following the death of Hatch in 1908, the Hatch tract was acquired first by the West Rockaway Land Company.<a href="#cite_note-Alfred_Henry_Bellot_1918-11">[11]</a>: 26  It was then sold to the Neponsit Realty Company,<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 18 <a href="#cite_note-Lucev2007-6">[6]</a>: 105  which was developing the <a href="/wiki/Neponsit,_Queens" title="Neponsit, Queens">Neponsit</a> neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-Society1922-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alfred_Henry_Bellot_1918-11">[11]</a>: 26  Now valued between $850,000 and $1.05 million, the Neponsit Company offered to sell the site for $1.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 18  Meanwhile, the New York Parks and Playgrounds Association campaigned for the city to purchase land for a 250 acres (101 ha) park in western Rockaway. The Parks Association created a Seaside Park Committee, with the social reformer <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Riis" title="Jacob Riis">Jacob Riis</a> as its chairman.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 20  The tract was acquired by the city on March 21, 1912 via condemnation, with the city paying around $1.3 million for the site.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 26 <a href="#cite_note-QnsPk-1912Report-Pt1-5">[5]</a>: 321 (PDF p.42) <a href="#cite_note-Society1922-2">[2]</a> Around this time, the park was renamed Telawana Park.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 30 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-RiisPk-May1914-20">[20]</a> On March 25, 1913, the tract was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Parks_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Parks Department">New York City Parks Department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 26  The site for the hospital at the east end of the beach was transferred from the Parks Department on April 24, 1913.<a href="#cite_note-Carol_P._Kaplan_2003-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-Neponsit-Ap1913-22">[22]</a> After Riis died in May 1914, former United States President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> advocated for the renaming of the park to Jacob Riis Park.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBust-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-RiisPk-May1914-20">[20]</a> The name change was approved on January 4, 1915.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 32  <a href="/wiki/Neponsit_Beach_Hospital_for_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Neponsit Beach Hospital for Children">Neponsit Beach Hospital for Children</a> opened on April 16, 1915.<a href="#cite_note-Hospitals1915-24">[24]</a> Beginning in late 1915, <a href="/wiki/Jetty" title="Jetty">jetties</a> were installed along the beach in order to prevent <a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">beach erosion</a>, and to capture sand from tidal action in order to extend the beach. The jetties were based on similar structures used in nearby Neponsit. By 1917, 10 acres (4.0 ha) of land were added to the beach.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 34–36 <a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The original plan for the park was created by Parks Department landscape architect Carl F. Pilat in 1913.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·3 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 29 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-PilatPlan-Jun1930-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-LandArchMag-1914-28">[28]</a> Pilat was the nephew of <a href="/wiki/Ignatz_Anton_Pil%C3%A1t" title="Ignatz Anton Pilát">Ignatz Anton Pilát</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Society1915-29">[29]</a> and had also designed <a href="/wiki/Astoria_Park" title="Astoria Park">Astoria Park</a> around the same time.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Pilat's design would have deviated significantly from the current layout. Much of the property north of <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Beach_Boulevard" title="Rockaway Beach Boulevard">Rockaway Beach Boulevard</a> (then called Washington Avenue) would have been developed into recreational space with fields and courts for sports. Pilat's layout of the park utilized <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a> planning, characterized by pedestrian pathways organized in an axial arrangement, with focal points at the southern beach "<a href="/wiki/Esplanade" title="Esplanade">esplanade</a>", and at a <a href="/wiki/Bandstand" title="Bandstand">bandstand</a> at the north end of the park. The Jamaica Bay coastline at the north end of the site would have been utilized for an additional beach and boardwalk, along with a marine basin for boats, and a lagoon. In addition to the space on the Atlantic Ocean coast used by Neponsit Hospital, an additional tract on the west end of the beach would be utilized for a second health facility; only one-third of the beach would have been part of the park.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·4 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-PilatPlan-Jun1930-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-LandArchMag-1914-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Survey-Telewana-1914-31">[31]</a> The Parks Department had held a contest in 1913 accepting submission of designs for the park. Pilat's plan incorporated elements of the six finalists in the competition.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·4 <a href="#cite_note-LandArchMag-1914-28">[28]</a> At the time, the Pilat plan was considered too expensive and was not implemented.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-PilatPlan-Jun1930-27">[27]</a> Because of this and the onset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Riis Park remained largely undeveloped into the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·5 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a> : 40  Similar Beaux-Arts planning would later be incorporated into the fairgrounds of <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">Flushing Meadows</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FMCP-HistoricStudio-May2015-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FMCPStrategic-03Then&Now-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-QnsPkRising-1936-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_as_a_military_base">Use as a military base</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Use as a military base">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NAS_Rockaway_1917_NAN12-67.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NAS_Rockaway_1917_NAN12-67.jpg/220px-NAS_Rockaway_1917_NAN12-67.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NAS_Rockaway_1917_NAN12-67.jpg/330px-NAS_Rockaway_1917_NAN12-67.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NAS_Rockaway_1917_NAN12-67.jpg/440px-NAS_Rockaway_1917_NAN12-67.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Rockaway" title="Naval Air Station Rockaway">NAS Rockaway</a> in 1917</figcaption></figure> In 1917, with the emergence of World War I, the park site was leased to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Rockaway" title="Naval Air Station Rockaway">Naval Air Station Rockaway</a>, one of the first naval air stations in the country.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 5 (PDF p.11) <a href="#cite_note-Society1922-2">[2]</a> A permit was issued by the Parks Department to the federal government on April 16, 1917, with 60 acres (24 ha) allotted to the base.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a> The station began operations on October 15 of that year.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 46  An additional 34 acres (14 ha) were ceded to the station in March 1915.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 46–47  The now-94-acre (38 ha) base extended from Fort Tilden east to the location of the modern bathhouse.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 47  The station would be used as the departure point for the first <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_flight" title="Transatlantic flight">transatlantic flight</a> in 1919, accomplished by the <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Curtiss" title="Glenn Curtiss">Glenn Curtiss</a>-designed <a href="/wiki/NC-4" class="mw-redirect" title="NC-4">NC-4</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 5 (PDF p.11) <a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> By the time the base was complete, the remaining 168 acres (68 ha) of the park had little development occurring.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 40  On January 20, 1921, US Navy Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/James_H._Glennon" title="James H. Glennon">James H. Glennon</a> requested that the city cede the 94-acre (38 ha) site to the federal government in order to maintain the naval station.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 51 <a href="#cite_note-Society1922-2">[2]</a> The request was initially refused, but the dispute continued on for the rest of the decade.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 52–56  The station was inactive from 1922 to 1925 and became an armory for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Naval_Militia" title="New York Naval Militia">New York Naval Militia</a> from 1928 to 1929.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 50–51  The dispute finally ended in 1930, when the Navy moved to facilities in <a href="/wiki/Valley_Stream,_New_York" title="Valley Stream, New York">Valley Stream, Long Island</a>, North Beach Airport (now <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a>), and later <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Bennett_Field" title="Floyd Bennett Field">Floyd Bennett Field</a> in Brooklyn directly across from Riis Park.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 55 <a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The base was vacated by June 1930, and demolition of the base was ordered in October 1930.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 57 <a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_development_of_Riis_Park">Initial development of Riis Park</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Initial development of Riis Park">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_view_of_Riis_bronze_plaque,_north_gallery,_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park,_Rockaway_Point,_Queens_County,_NY_HABS_NY-6374-63.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Detail_view_of_Riis_bronze_plaque%2C_north_gallery%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-63.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Detail_view_of_Riis_bronze_plaque%2C_north_gallery%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-63.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Detail_view_of_Riis_bronze_plaque%2C_north_gallery%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-63.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Detail_view_of_Riis_bronze_plaque%2C_north_gallery%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-63.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Detail_view_of_Riis_bronze_plaque%2C_north_gallery%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-63.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Detail_view_of_Riis_bronze_plaque%2C_north_gallery%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-63.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3828" data-file-height="5324" /></a><figcaption>The 1932 plaque commemorating the completion of the bathhouse</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_view_looking_from_the_second_level_roof_to_west_courtyard_with_bathhouses_-_Jacob_Riis_Park,_Rockaway_Point,_Queens_County,_NY_HABS_NY-6374-74.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/General_view_looking_from_the_second_level_roof_to_west_courtyard_with_bathhouses_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-74.tif/lossy-page1-220px-General_view_looking_from_the_second_level_roof_to_west_courtyard_with_bathhouses_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-74.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/General_view_looking_from_the_second_level_roof_to_west_courtyard_with_bathhouses_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-74.tif/lossy-page1-330px-General_view_looking_from_the_second_level_roof_to_west_courtyard_with_bathhouses_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-74.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/General_view_looking_from_the_second_level_roof_to_west_courtyard_with_bathhouses_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-74.tif/lossy-page1-440px-General_view_looking_from_the_second_level_roof_to_west_courtyard_with_bathhouses_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-74.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5296" data-file-height="3743" /></a><figcaption>The changing rooms in the courtyard of the Riis Park bathhouse, since removed</figcaption></figure> On October 17, 1925, a ferry service was opened between <a href="/wiki/Barren_Island,_Brooklyn" title="Barren Island, Brooklyn">Barren Island, Brooklyn</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Bennett_Field" title="Floyd Bennett Field">Floyd Bennett Field</a> airport) and Riis Park.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In 1926, a short <a href="/wiki/Macadam" title="Macadam">macadam</a> transverse road was created between Washington Avenue and the ferry terminal.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 41  The road was later paved with concrete, and expanded from 20 feet (6.1 m) wide to 40 feet (12 m) wide.<a href="#cite_note-QnsPk-1926Report-39">[39]</a>: 14  A small concession stand was also constructed at the west end of the park.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 41–42  From 1926 to 1927, the beach protection system was expanded to the western section of the park, with additional <a href="/wiki/Groyne" title="Groyne">groins</a> installed.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 42–43  From 1927 to 1929, Washington Avenue was widened and paved, with a sidewalk added to both Washington Avenue and the ferry transverse road. Other minor improvements to the park took place at this time.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 43 <a href="#cite_note-QnsPk-1927-28Report-40">[40]</a>: 13, 32–33  In July 1929, an existing 1,000-car parking lot was enlarged. By this time, the patronage of Jacob Riis Park was increasing.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 45–46 <a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Meanwhile, in 1929 the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Transportation" title="New York City Board of Transportation">New York City Board of Transportation</a> released a <a href="/wiki/IND_Second_System" class="mw-redirect" title="IND Second System">major expansion plan</a> for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>. One of the new routes in the plan involved recapturing the New York, Woodhaven and Rockaway Railroad, which by this time became the <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Beach_Branch" title="Rockaway Beach Branch">Rockaway Beach Branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a>, and extending it as a subway line west from Rockaway Park to Jacob Riis Park. The extension of the line to the park was never constructed.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-IND2ndSystem1929Map-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013-44">[44]</a> After the remainder of Riis Park was relinquished by the Navy, in fall 1930 Queens Parks Commissioner Albert C. Benninger proposed the construction of a bathing pavilion at Jacob Riis Park. Benninger had been inspired by the design of the bathhouse at <a href="/wiki/Jones_Beach_State_Park" title="Jones Beach State Park">Jones Beach State Park</a>, completed in August 1929 by then-Long Island Parks Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses" title="Robert Moses">Robert Moses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 60 <a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Prior to this, beach-goers were forced to change their clothes in their cars.<a href="#cite_note-QnsPk-1927-28Report-40">[40]</a>: 13  The designs were prepared by architect John L. Plock in November 1930.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> The project was approved by the mayor's office in February 1931.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> The foundation of the building was completed in August 1931.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 60  Contracts were let for building construction in September 1931.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 61  Later that month, Benninger requested an additional $105,000 for the project from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate" title="New York City Board of Estimate">New York City Board of Estimate</a>, on top of the initial $425,000 appropriated.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Construction began on November 23, 1931.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The bathhouse was opened on August 6, 1932. At the time, it was only 60 percent completed.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·5 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Bathhouse-Aug1932-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-BklynEAgle-Riis-Bath-Open-Aug1932-51">[51]</a> Additional work was completed in May 1933, including lockers, the restaurant, and the <a href="/wiki/Sunroom" title="Sunroom">solarium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 64 <a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-Solarium-Jan1933-52">[52]</a> The solarium was expected to be the largest in the world at the time.<a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-Solarium-Jan1933-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-Riis-Solarium-Sep1932-53">[53]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Seawall" title="Seawall">seawall</a> running in front of the bathhouse along the beach and parking facilities for 5,000 cars were also completed by 1933.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 64 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Moses-Model-Aug1934-54">[54]</a> At this time, Riis Park received 25,000 daily visitors during summer months.<a href="#cite_note-RiisPkBrochure-1985-55">[55]</a> While the bathhouse was being constructed, several plans were evaluated for developing Riis Park.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·5 to 2·7 <a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-RPA-May1932-56">[56]</a> Carl Pilat's 1913 plan for the park was briefly revived in 1930, but not developed.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-PilatPlan-Jun1930-27">[27]</a> On August 26, 1931, Commissioner Benninger invited several architects to a conference held in conjunction the New York chapters of the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Landscape_Architects" title="American Society of Landscape Architects">American Society of Landscape Architects</a>. Among the architects invited included <a href="/wiki/Gilmore_D._Clarke" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilmore D. Clarke">Gilmore D. Clarke</a>, then the landscape architect for <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester County, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Three plans were later created by independent groups, none of which were developed. The first was from Harold A. Caparn of the City Club's park committee in 1931. The second was created by Earl Morrow of the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Plan_Association" title="Regional Plan Association">Regional Plan Association</a> (RPA) in 1932. The third was drawn up by Julius V. Burgevin & Joseph Gatringer of the New York City Park Board in 1933. All the plans suggested developing the northern portion of the property in addition to the southern beach.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·6 to 2·7 <a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-RPA-May1932-56">[56]</a> When presenting the RPA's plans in May 1932, RPA president <a href="/wiki/George_McAneny" title="George McAneny">George McAneny</a> referred to Pilat's plans as "no longer practical", due to the lack of provisions for highways and automobile parking.<a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-RPA-May1932-56">[56]</a> While presenting the park plan, McAneny also put forward plans for a vehicular bridge or tunnel between Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn and the Riis Park/Fort Tilden area, acting as an extension of <a href="/wiki/Flatbush_Avenue" title="Flatbush Avenue">Flatbush Avenue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Although the bathhouse was built based on the RPA plans, it and the other plans were rejected in part due to the difficulty and high cost of landscaping and planting in the area.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Jun71937-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion_under_Robert_Moses">Expansion under Robert Moses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Expansion under Robert Moses">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine2_(7448168582).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Marine2_%287448168582%29.jpg/220px-Marine2_%287448168582%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Marine2_%287448168582%29.jpg/330px-Marine2_%287448168582%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Marine2_%287448168582%29.jpg/440px-Marine2_%287448168582%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7857" data-file-height="5424" /></a><figcaption>The construction of the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Parkway_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Parkway Bridge">Marine Parkway Bridge</a>, Riis Park (bottom right), and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Tilden" title="Fort Tilden">Fort Tilden</a> (bottom left) in 1937. The ferry landings at Riis Park/Fort Tilden and <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Bennett_Field" title="Floyd Bennett Field">Floyd Bennett Field</a> are also present</figcaption></figure> In January 1934, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses" title="Robert Moses">Robert Moses</a> was appointed commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a>, newly unified from the five borough departments.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·10 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 70  Moses wished to develop Riis Park into an urban iteration of Jones Beach for working-class New York City residents.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·10 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Moses-Model-Aug1934-54">[54]</a> Under Moses, alterations to the bathhouse began in April 1934 with funds from the <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a> (WPA).<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> Moses was critical of the previous operation of the park, including the contracting of an outside firm to operate concessions and services, leading to deteriorating conditions in the park.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 72–73  Moses canceled nearly all outside contracts and formed the Riis Management Corporation to run services.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 77  Improvements to the other park structures were also completed as WPA projects.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 77  From 1934 to 1935, Riis Park was the only facility run by the Parks Department to generate revenue.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> On August 6, 1934, Moses released his plan for Riis Park, designed by <a href="/wiki/Gilmore_D._Clarke" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilmore D. Clarke">Gilmore D. Clarke</a>, Julius Burgevin, W. Earle Andrews, and Clinton Loyd. The plan, designed in Beaux-Arts style, featured elements of the final design: the massive parking area for 15,000 cars, the road plan with a roundabout, and a central pedestrian mall running north to south. A second bathhouse structure would be built on the west side of the park, containing a swimming pool. Also included were a <a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">causeway</a> and/or bridge linking to Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·11 to 2·12 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 81–85 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Moses-Model-Aug1934-54">[54]</a> Moses was also critical of several aspects of earlier park plans and the layout created under Benninger, including the placement of the bathhouse and seawall too close to the shore, and the lack of parking spaces. Moses believed the location of the bathhouse and bulkhead left a minimal portion of beach during high tide, and limited future expansion of the beach. The lack of parking, meanwhile, limited the use of the bathhouse, which could accommodate more people than the lot could fit cars.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 89 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Moses-Model-Aug1934-54">[54]</a> Under Moses's plan, the large parking lot would facilitate traffic from the Belt Parkway and the Marine Parkway Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-nyhparks-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a> The 1934 plan was not implemented due to opposition from the local communities. Among the reasons for the resistance were fears of bringing in individuals from other parts of the city to the Rockaways, and the possibility of Riis Park out-competing privately owned beaches and resorts, leading to declines in property values.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·12 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> In 1936, Moses released what would be the final plan for Jacob Riis Park, designed by Clarke, Loyd, and Parks Department architect <a href="/wiki/Aymar_Embury_II" title="Aymar Embury II">Aymar Embury II</a>. This plan moved the mall to the western end of the property, with a design similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Orchard_Beach,_Bronx" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchard Beach, Bronx">Orchard Beach</a> which was being built in the Bronx at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·15 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> The parking area design was altered from two square lots in the 1934 plan, into the current large curved and asymmetrical lot.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·15 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> The bathhouse was reconfigured, shortening the face of the beach pavilion and altering its design to use simpler <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> elements.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·13 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Moses-Model-Aug1934-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-JonesModel-Jun1937-61">[61]</a> The modern road layout was created, which including altering the route of Rockaway Beach Boulevard in front of the bathhouse. Initially running at a diagonal to the bathhouse's front face, the boulevard was straightened and moved farther north. It was also truncated to the western end of the parking lot.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·13, 2·15  The original seawall was replaced and recessed farther north along the new boardwalk.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 7·3  The mall buildings and golf course were also created at this time.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·13  In 1936, Moses asked the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate" title="New York City Board of Estimate">New York City Board of Estimate</a> for $3.6 million to improve Jacob Riis Park, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Tryon_Park" title="Fort Tryon Park">Fort Tryon Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelham_Bay_Park" title="Pelham Bay Park">Pelham Bay Park</a>, and the two <a href="/wiki/Marine_Park_(Brooklyn_park)" title="Marine Park (Brooklyn park)">Marine Parks</a>. But these funds, along with similar amounts Moses requested from the Board of Estimate in each of the next several years, went mostly to build the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Parkway_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Parkway Bridge">Marine Parkway Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·12  Jacob Riis Park was completed for a total of $3.5 million, mostly from the WPA.<a href="#cite_note-Caro_1974-62">[62]</a>: 476  <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_view_looking_from_the_center_of_mall_north_to_New_York_City;_Empire_State_Building_in_extreme_distance_-_Jacob_Riis_Park,_Rockaway_Point,_Queens_County,_NY_HABS_NY-6374-1.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/General_view_looking_from_the_center_of_mall_north_to_New_York_City%3B_Empire_State_Building_in_extreme_distance_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-1.tif/lossy-page1-220px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/General_view_looking_from_the_center_of_mall_north_to_New_York_City%3B_Empire_State_Building_in_extreme_distance_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-1.tif/lossy-page1-330px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/General_view_looking_from_the_center_of_mall_north_to_New_York_City%3B_Empire_State_Building_in_extreme_distance_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-1.tif/lossy-page1-440px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5300" data-file-height="3804" /></a><figcaption>Looking north from the central mall, built in 1936. In the remote distance is the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> </figcaption></figure> Work to enlarge the beach from 8 to 24 acres began on April 1, 1936.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> About 2,000,000 cubic yards (1,500,000 m3) of sand were dredged from Jamaica Bay.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·13, 2·15  The topography of the beach was leveled, with numerous dunes eliminated.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·13, 2·15 <a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-JonesModel-Jun1937-61">[61]</a> The parking lot was partially opened in June 1936 with a 6,000-car capacity.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·15  On June 15, 1936, <a href="/wiki/Green_Bus_Lines" title="Green Bus Lines">Green Bus Lines</a> started the <a href="/wiki/Q21_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Q21 (New York City bus)">Q21B</a> bus route, operating from Brooklyn and mainland Queens to Riis Park via <a href="/wiki/Cross_Bay_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross Bay Boulevard">Cross Bay Boulevard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-Q21BRiis-June1936-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-LIDaily-GreenLinesAd-Aug1936-65">[65]</a> The upgraded Jacob Riis Park was initially set to open along with Orchard Beach on June 19, 1937,<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Orchard-Open-Jun1937-66">[66]</a> but the openings were pushed back due to unfinished work.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Both beaches were opened on June 25, 1937.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Work on the parking lot and bathhouse were completed at this time.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·15  The Marine Parkway Bridge was opened July 3, 1937,<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 6 (PDF p.12) <a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> after which the ferry service to Riis Park was discontinued.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> With the opening of the bridge, Green Bus Lines created a new route, the <a href="/wiki/Q35_(New_York_City_bus)" title="Q35 (New York City bus)">Q35</a>, operating across the bridge between Riis Park and the <a href="/wiki/Flatbush_Avenue%E2%80%93Brooklyn_College_(IRT_Nostrand_Avenue_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatbush Avenue–Brooklyn College (IRT Nostrand Avenue Line)">Flatbush−Nostrand Avenues</a> station in Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-GBLQ35-1937-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-LIDaily-Riis-NewRecord-Jul1937-72">[72]</a> In addition, the Brooklyn Bus Corporation extended their <a href="/wiki/B2_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="B2 (New York City bus)">B2</a> bus route to Riis Park.<a href="#cite_note-LIDaily-Riis-NewRecord-Jul1937-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Department_of_Public_Service_Metropolitan_Division_Transit_Commission_1937-73">[73]</a>: 167, 500  Due to increasing bus traffic, the Parks Department and the Brooklyn Bus Corporation constructed an enclosed bus shelter with turnstiles to expedite passenger boarding.<a href="#cite_note-Department_of_Public_Service_Metropolitan_Division_Transit_Commission_1937-73">[73]</a>: 167  On Friday August 6, 1937, the park began holding weekly fireworks shows.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The park's <a href="/wiki/Pitch_and_putt" title="Pitch and putt">pitch and putt</a> golf course was opened on May 14, 1938.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Belt_Parkway" title="Belt Parkway">Belt Parkway</a> system was opened in June 1940, connecting to the Marine Parkway Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-opened-76">[76]</a> A lighted softball field just west of the bathhouse was created in summer 1940.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 168  A bust of Jacob Riis at the western mall building was completed on October 14, 1940.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 175  The Wise and Son street clock was installed on the boardwalk on March 4, 1941.<a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-Clock-Mar1941-77">[77]</a> The bathhouse and other structures were waterproofed in 1943.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 188, 198  The stairs from the beach and boardwalk to the second floor of the bathhouse were removed between 1948 and 1949. The second-floor cafeteria, meanwhile, was replaced with additional lockers, while a new cafeteria was built on the first floor.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 188–189  Numerous other renovations took place between 1949 and 1958.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 181–201  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisition_of_Neponsit_Hospital_property">Acquisition of Neponsit Hospital property</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Acquisition of Neponsit Hospital property">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_Riis_Park_td_(2018-08-03)_019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jacob_Riis_Park_td_%282018-08-03%29_019.jpg/220px-Jacob_Riis_Park_td_%282018-08-03%29_019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jacob_Riis_Park_td_%282018-08-03%29_019.jpg/330px-Jacob_Riis_Park_td_%282018-08-03%29_019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jacob_Riis_Park_td_%282018-08-03%29_019.jpg/440px-Jacob_Riis_Park_td_%282018-08-03%29_019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>These two baseball diamonds were built on the former land of <a href="/wiki/Neponsit_Beach_Hospital" title="Neponsit Beach Hospital">Neponsit Beach Hospital</a>, which was ceded back to Riis Park in 1959</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Neponsit_Beach_Hospital" title="Neponsit Beach Hospital">Neponsit Beach Hospital</a> was closed on April 21, 1955, due to a declining need for tuberculosis treatment.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Following the closure of the hospital, the site was considered a "hot property", located on the beach in the fairly exclusive Neponsit neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-Carol_P._Kaplan_2003-21">[21]</a> The 14.3 acres (5.8 ha) site of the hospital was valued at $1 million.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Numerous groups had conflicting interests in the future of the site,<a href="#cite_note-Carol_P._Kaplan_2003-21">[21]</a> with Parks Commissioner Moses wishing to absorb the site back into Riis Park in order to construct sports fields, a swimming pool, and a comfort station, and to extend the beach.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-Neponsit-Fence-Jun1955-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-HospStory-Last-May1956-82">[82]</a> Others including <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller" title="New York City Comptroller">New York City Comptroller</a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_E._Gerosa" title="Lawrence E. Gerosa">Lawrence E. Gerosa</a> desired for the property to be sold and developed, which would draw income from both the sale and taxes.<a href="#cite_note-Carol_P._Kaplan_2003-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-HospStory-Last-May1956-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> After the Board of Estimate including Gerosa voted 10 to 6 to block the park expansion,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and angry exchanges between Moses and Gerosa,<a href="#cite_note-Carol_P._Kaplan_2003-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Gerosa-Jul1955-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> on October 27, 1956, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> Justice Peter M. Daly ruled in favor of Moses in a lawsuit by the Park Association of New York City, preventing the sale. The ruling was upheld by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court,_Appellate_Division" title="New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division">Appellate Court</a> in Brooklyn on July 9, 1956. The ruling referred to the original 1906 act which zoned the property exclusively for park or hospital use.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Convert-Oct1956-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In 1958, a compromise was reached in which the hospital would be converted into a nursing home called the Neponsit Home for the Aged. Meanwhile, the remaining 10 acres (4.0 ha) of the property were turned over to the Parks Department to expand Riis Park, adding 1,000 feet (300 m) of beach.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 164 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Convert-Oct1956-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-NeponsitAged-Aug1961-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-LIStar-NeponsitAged-Jun1958-92">[92]</a> The plan was approved by <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate" title="New York City Board of Estimate">New York City Board of Estimate</a> in February 1959.<a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-Neponsit-Feb1959-93">[93]</a> A field with two baseball diamonds was created adjacent to the west of the former hospital in 1961, with a comfort station and concession stand erected at the southwest corner of the field.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·20 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 205  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_and_creation_of_Gateway_National_Recreation_Area">Decline and creation of Gateway National Recreation Area</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Decline and creation of Gateway National Recreation Area">edit</a>]</div> By the 1960s, Riis Park had fallen into a state of disrepair; debris "[blanketed] huge areas" of the beach, the toilet and bathhouse facilities were suffering from a lack of maintenance, and the underpass between the bathhouse and the parking lot frequently flooded after rainfall.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 165–168  The park was damaged by the <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday_Storm_of_1962" title="Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962">Ash Wednesday Storm</a> in March 1962.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 200–201  Riis Park also experienced an increase in crime: an 18-year-old was fatally stabbed at the beach in May 1962,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> and the bust of Jacob Riis at the Central Mall was stolen in June 1964.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBust-23">[23]</a> In addition to vandalism,<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 165–166  there were increasing arrests for drug-related offenses on the beach.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-BetterImage-Sep1991-95">[95]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CHILDREN_AT_THE_BEACH_IN_REIS_PARK,_BROOKLYN,_NEW_YORK_CITY_THE_INNER_CITY_TODAY_IS_AN_ABSOLUTE_CONTRADICTION_TO_THE..._-_NARA_-_555923.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/CHILDREN_AT_THE_BEACH_IN_REIS_PARK%2C_BROOKLYN%2C_NEW_YORK_CITY_THE_INNER_CITY_TODAY_IS_AN_ABSOLUTE_CONTRADICTION_TO_THE..._-_NARA_-_555923.tif/lossy-page1-220px-CHILDREN_AT_THE_BEACH_IN_REIS_PARK%2C_BROOKLYN%2C_NEW_YORK_CITY_THE_INNER_CITY_TODAY_IS_AN_ABSOLUTE_CONTRADICTION_TO_THE..._-_NARA_-_555923.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/CHILDREN_AT_THE_BEACH_IN_REIS_PARK%2C_BROOKLYN%2C_NEW_YORK_CITY_THE_INNER_CITY_TODAY_IS_AN_ABSOLUTE_CONTRADICTION_TO_THE..._-_NARA_-_555923.tif/lossy-page1-330px-CHILDREN_AT_THE_BEACH_IN_REIS_PARK%2C_BROOKLYN%2C_NEW_YORK_CITY_THE_INNER_CITY_TODAY_IS_AN_ABSOLUTE_CONTRADICTION_TO_THE..._-_NARA_-_555923.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/CHILDREN_AT_THE_BEACH_IN_REIS_PARK%2C_BROOKLYN%2C_NEW_YORK_CITY_THE_INNER_CITY_TODAY_IS_AN_ABSOLUTE_CONTRADICTION_TO_THE..._-_NARA_-_555923.tif/lossy-page1-440px-CHILDREN_AT_THE_BEACH_IN_REIS_PARK%2C_BROOKLYN%2C_NEW_YORK_CITY_THE_INNER_CITY_TODAY_IS_AN_ABSOLUTE_CONTRADICTION_TO_THE..._-_NARA_-_555923.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2045" /></a><figcaption>Beach-goers at Riis Park in 1974, after it was absorbed into the <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a> </figcaption></figure> In 1972, the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a> around <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay" title="Jamaica Bay">Jamaica Bay</a>. Jacob Riis Park was ceded to the NPS two years later, on March 4, 1974.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 208 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 4 <a href="#cite_note-nyhparks-9">[9]</a> Upon takeover, focus was put on Riis Park due to it being the most heavily visited part of the Gateway Area.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Gateway-Focus-Feb1974-98">[98]</a> Under NPS' purview, several renovations occurred, including the installation of new roofing on the bathhouse and mall buildings, and the restoration of the Wise Clock which had been taken out of operation.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 208  The NPS also began to crack down on nude bathing on the beach.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 209  In mid-July 1974, Federal Magistrate Vincent A. Catoggio suggested that the entire park be shuttered if "it is going to be a gathering place of nudists"<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> and around the same time, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a> started issuing summonses to nude bathers who ignored orders to put clothes on.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> On July 24, 1974, a bill was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a> to ban nude bathing.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In spite of this, NPS rangers and officers maintained a policy of allowing nude bathers to remain so long as they "minded their own business."<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a> Nudity in the park was ended by a state law in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On June 29, 1976, Riis Park was closed due to raw sewage in the water.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> It was closed again August 3, 1978 along with beaches in Brooklyn after an oil spill near Breezy Point.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The park reopened on August 7, 1978.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Riis Park continued to have sewage and wastewater treatment problems. On July 17, 1988, the beach was closed after <a href="/wiki/Syringe_Tide" class="mw-redirect" title="Syringe Tide">eight syringes washed up onto the beach</a>. Beaches at <a href="/wiki/South_Beach,_Staten_Island" title="South Beach, Staten Island">South Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midland_Beach,_Staten_Island" title="Midland Beach, Staten Island">Midland Beach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Great_Kills_Park" title="Great Kills Park">Great Kills Park</a> in Staten Island had previously been closed due to the same issue.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The beach was reopened on July 22.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Much of the waste that had washed up on the beaches in the area had originated in <a href="/wiki/Fresh_Kills_Landfill" title="Fresh Kills Landfill">Fresh Kills Landfill</a> or the city sewer system.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-BeachWaste-Sep1991-109">[109]</a> In the 1980s during summer months on weekends, the <a href="/wiki/B9_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="B9 (New York City bus)">B9</a> and <a href="/wiki/B46_(New_York_City_bus)" title="B46 (New York City bus)">B46</a> bus routes were extended south of their normal terminus at <a href="/wiki/Kings_Plaza" title="Kings Plaza">Kings Plaza</a> in Brooklyn to Riis Park, with a federal subsidy funding the extension.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-B9-B46-RiisPk-1979-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-RiisPkBrochure-1985-55">[55]</a> The park's <a href="/wiki/Historic_district" title="Historic district">historic district</a> was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-nris-1">[1]</a> Nude bathing was banned at the beach in 1983,<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Nude-Jun1983-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-BetterImage-Sep1991-95">[95]</a> although it continued to persist unlawfully afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Riis-Fence-Jun2012-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_amphitheater_and_water_park">Proposed amphitheater and water park</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Proposed amphitheater and water park">edit</a>]</div> In May 1988, the National Park Service planned to put the Riis Park bathhouse and mall buildings up for lease, along with other buildings in the Gateway Area. The developers would then pay for renovations and upgrades to the park and its facilities, which the NPS did not have the money to fund. The bathhouse in particular was in a state of disrepair, with its showering and changing facilities closed. The plan proposed constructing a 15,000-seat performance amphitheater, and a <a href="/wiki/Water_park" title="Water park">water park</a>. Both attractions would be erected on the site of the golf course at the west end of the park. The amphitheater would occupy the northern half of the golf course site, facing south towards the beach. The water park would sit at the south end, and have a 7,500 person capacity. The golf course would be relocated to the east end of the park.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1988-114">[114]</a>: 34 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Project-Fears-May1988-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Features would also be added to the bathhouse, including a restaurant, skating rinks, a public garden, and/or a swimming pool.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 6 (PDF p.12) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1988-114">[114]</a>: 34 <a href="#cite_note-NYTiems-Riis-Plan-Down-Jul1989-117">[117]</a> The plan was opposed by local residents and conservation groups, including the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club">Sierra Club</a>'s New York branch and the <a href="/wiki/National_Audubon_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="National Audubon Society">National Audubon Society</a>. Among the points of contention were the idea of using federal parkland for amusement development, the additional noise and traffic created by the attractions, and the potential of disturbing the bird habitats in the area.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Project-Fears-May1988-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Money-Oct1989-118">[118]</a> The debate was reflective of issues with the country's national parks as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Project-Fears-May1988-115">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Queens_Community_Board_14" title="Queens Community Board 14">Queens Community Board 14</a> (representing the Rockaways) voted unanimously to block the plans.<a href="#cite_note-NYTiems-Riis-Plan-Down-Jul1989-117">[117]</a> By July 1989, the amphitheater was removed from the development plan. The proposed water park was downsized from 10 acres (4.0 ha) to 2 acres (0.81 ha), and would only occupy a small corner at the southwest section of the golf course.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: PDF p.70 <a href="#cite_note-NYTiems-Riis-Plan-Down-Jul1989-117">[117]</a> The changes did not eliminate opposition from the community or environmental groups.<a href="#cite_note-NYTiems-Riis-Plan-Down-Jul1989-117">[117]</a> By October of that year, the development plans were dropped and instead $934,000 was allocated for renovations to the park.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Money-Oct1989-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s_and_early-21st-century_renovation_attempts">1990s and early-21st-century renovation attempts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1990s and early-21st-century renovation attempts">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateway_National_Recreation_Area_-_Jacob_Riis_Park_(8189875759).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area_-_Jacob_Riis_Park_%288189875759%29.jpg/200px-Gateway_National_Recreation_Area_-_Jacob_Riis_Park_%288189875759%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area_-_Jacob_Riis_Park_%288189875759%29.jpg/300px-Gateway_National_Recreation_Area_-_Jacob_Riis_Park_%288189875759%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area_-_Jacob_Riis_Park_%288189875759%29.jpg/400px-Gateway_National_Recreation_Area_-_Jacob_Riis_Park_%288189875759%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Riis_Park_parking_trash_mountain_Sandy_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Riis_Park_parking_trash_mountain_Sandy_jeh.jpg/200px-Riis_Park_parking_trash_mountain_Sandy_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Riis_Park_parking_trash_mountain_Sandy_jeh.jpg/300px-Riis_Park_parking_trash_mountain_Sandy_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Riis_Park_parking_trash_mountain_Sandy_jeh.jpg/400px-Riis_Park_parking_trash_mountain_Sandy_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Looking at the Riis Park parking lot in 2012, used as a temporary dump to store debris after <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a></div></div></div></div> On August 31, 1991, the beach was closed again due to the presence of medical waste, with over 500 items found including needles and medicine vials of the painkiller <a href="/wiki/Nubain" class="mw-redirect" title="Nubain">Nubain</a>. The beach was closed for a single day.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-BeachWaste-Sep1991-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Due in part to the reoccurrence of waste on the beach, the park saw declining patronage that year.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-BetterImage-Sep1991-95">[95]</a> During that year, a $20 million rehabilitation of the bathhouse began, which included the removal of asbestos. However, the project was not completed, and the bathhouse remained closed and continued to decay.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Bathhouse-Aug2012-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-BetterImage-Sep1991-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Riis-SorryState-Jul2006-121">[121]</a> In 1999, the federal government earmarked $450,000 for the rehabilitation of Riis Park, which was projected to be complete within five years.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> By 2001, then-Senators <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> and then-Congressman <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Weiner" title="Anthony Weiner">Anthony Weiner</a> had secured another $4 million in funds, most of which were targeted toward the renovation of the bathhouse.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> A press release from Senator Schumer alluded to the possible construction of a pool with the $4 million, possibly located in the bathhouse. On the other hand, the National Park Service planned to use the money for general renovations. However, the pool plan was canceled after a preliminary study, which determined that the operation of the pool would result in a negative <a href="/wiki/Profit_margin" title="Profit margin">profit margin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Through 2005, numerous improvements were performed on the bathhouse, with plans to repave the central courtyard.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> By July 2006, however, the repairs had not been finished.<a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Riis-SorryState-Jul2006-121">[121]</a> However, a new bust depicting Jacob Riis had been installed at the Central Mall that April.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBust-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-RiisBust-Ap2010-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBust-Ap152010-131">[131]</a> In late October 2012, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a> struck the New York City area, particularly affecting the Rockaway Peninsula. At Riis Park, sand was pushed north from the beach onto the back beach areas. The bathhouse was flooded and damaged.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 4 <a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Sandy-BirdsEye-Feb2013-132">[132]</a> However, structures like the Wise Clock and the new Jacob Riis bust were generally unscathed.<a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-RiisClock-StillStands-2013-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> During the recovery effort, the large parking lot was used as a temporary dump for debris from the park and the entire peninsula. This included excess sand, trees, cars, boats, and household debris.<a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Sandy-BirdsEye-Feb2013-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Debris-Sand-Jan2013-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The parking lot was selected as a waste facility due to its size, location on the peninsula, and connection to highways and roads.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Afterwards, the parking lot was used to clean sand before it returned to the beaches on the peninsula. Because of this the lot was filled with numerous man-made <a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">dunes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Debris-Sand-Jan2013-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The park reopened in May 2013.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Repairs to the bathhouse occurred from 2015 to 2016,<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 8 <a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> after which the NPS solicited <a href="/wiki/Request_for_proposal" title="Request for proposal">requests for proposals</a> to reuse the entry pavilion and bathhouse.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 7  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pipeline_proposal">Pipeline proposal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pipeline proposal">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_2.JPG/220px-Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_2.JPG/330px-Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_2.JPG/440px-Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1352" data-file-height="934" /></a><figcaption>People enjoying the beach over Labor Day weekend in August 2013</figcaption></figure>On July 21, 2011, Staten Island Congressman <a href="/wiki/Michael_Grimm_(politician)" title="Michael Grimm (politician)">Michael G. Grimm</a> introduced H.R. 2606, the New York City Natural Gas Supply Enhancement Act, to the U.S. Congress.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> As proposed in the bill, a 3-mile (4.8 km) <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport#Oil_and_natural_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">natural gas pipeline</a> called the Rockaway Delivery Lateral Project, proposed by <a href="/wiki/Williams_Companies" title="Williams Companies">Williams Companies</a>, would connect to an <a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_Pipeline" title="Transcontinental Pipeline">existing offshore pipeline</a> and running south-to-north through the sites of Jacob Riis Park and Floyd Bennett Field. The pipeline would run through the golf course of Riis Park, then connect to a new 1.5-mile (2.4 km) along Flatbush Avenue to be constructed by <a href="/wiki/National_Grid_plc" title="National Grid plc">National Grid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Riis-Grid1-Feb2012-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Riis-Grid2-Jun2012-143">[143]</a> The project was supported by the district manager of Queens Community Board 14.<a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Riis-Grid2-Jun2012-143">[143]</a> Two Queens congressmen also supported the pipeline, as did Anthony Weiner before his resignation.<a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Riis-Grid1-Feb2012-142">[142]</a> The pipeline was opposed by local environmental groups, who felt it would disturb a nearby artificial reef.<a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Riis-Grid2-Jun2012-143">[143]</a> Grimm was subsequently found to have received campaign money from both Williams and National Grid.<a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Riis-Grid1-Feb2012-142">[142]</a> Shortly after Hurricane Sandy, on November 7, 2012, the Rockaway Lateral Pipeline bill was signed into law.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The pipeline was put in service by May 2015.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demolition_of_Neponsit_Hospital">Demolition of Neponsit Hospital</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demolition of Neponsit Hospital">edit</a>]</div> In both its time as a functioning hospital and after its abandonment, the Neponsit Hospital’s buildings were recognized by researchers and beachgoers alike as having sheltered LGBTQ gathering at Bay 1.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In October 2018, <a href="/wiki/Ms._Colombia" title="Ms. Colombia">Ms. Colombia</a>, Jackson Heights-based performance artist, died at Bay 1.<a href="#cite_note-Yakas_2018-150">[150]</a> Her family and friends built a memorial to honor her life and her love of Riis.<a href="#cite_note-Iezzi_2022-151">[151]</a> The memorial is located on a chainlink fence around the former Neponsit Hospital site. An annual Ms. Colombia Memorial Beach Walk is hosted along the beach each August.<a href="#cite_note-Iezzi_2022-151">[151]</a> In April 2022, the New York City government announced plans to demolish the remains of the Neponsit Beach Hospital.<a href="#cite_note-The_City_2022-152">[152]</a> In its abandonment, the former Neponsit Hospital buildings became the site of LGBT-affirming public art.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2022-09-18-153">[153]</a> The former Neponsit Hospital building was demolished in early 2023.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBTQ_history">LGBTQ history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: LGBTQ history">edit</a>]</div> The easternmost end of the park’s beach, Bays 1 and 2, has been a site of LGBTQ gathering since at least the 1940s.<a href="#cite_note-www.nyclgbtsites.org-155">[155]</a> While it was a “well-known destination for mostly white gay men to sunbathe and cruise" in the 1940s, lesbian women also began to gather nearby by the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-www.nyclgbtsites.org-155">[155]</a> In the 1960s, the beach became clothing optional and many people referred to it as “Screech Beach” in reference to its gay beachgoers.<a href="#cite_note-www.nyclgbtsites.org-155">[155]</a> The beach remained clothing optional until July 3, 1983, when a state law banning bottomlessness went into effect.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Despite the allowance for nudity, police were known to arrest people they deemed as men for wearing “too minimal” suits on the boardwalk.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-www.nyclgbtsites.org-155">[155]</a> 1974 National Park Service (NPS)-sponsored fieldwork describes Bays 1 and 2’s population as predominantly white with a notable contingent of Black and Latinx beachgoers– with many Black gay beachgoers moving between Bays 1 and 2 and the boardwalk behind Bay 5, known as a site of historically Black gathering–while NPS fieldwork from 2000 reports a demographic shift to “a predominance of blacks and Hispanics” at Bay 1.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The beach continues to be of particular significance to queer and trans people of color. Pride in the City, a New York City Black pride event, was held at a softball field adjacent to Bay 2 in 2006, drawing a crowd of thousands.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> G.L.I.T.S., an organization dedicated to providing healthcare and housing to Black transgender people, organized Riis Pride at the beach in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Riis as an LGBTQ gathering space has been mentioned in several works of literature including <a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Zami:_A_New_Spelling_of_My_Name" title="Zami: A New Spelling of My Name">Zami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torrey_Peters" title="Torrey Peters">Torrey Peters</a>’ <a href="/wiki/Detransition,_Baby" title="Detransition, Baby">Detransition, Baby</a>, and Sabrina Imbler’s How Far the Light Reaches.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lorde_2005-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Notable LGBTQ beachgoers include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk" title="Harvey Milk">Harvey Milk</a>, LGBTQ activist and icon, who met his partner of six years, Joe Campbell, at the beach in 1956<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a>, writer and activist, who wrote about going to the gay beach at Riis on summer Saturdays in the mid-1950s in her biomythography, <a href="/wiki/Zami:_A_New_Spelling_of_My_Name" title="Zami: A New Spelling of My Name">Zami</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lorde_2005-165">[165]</a> A photo of her and her children there in the 1960s was featured in the exhibition, "Powerful and Dangerous: The Images and Words of Audre Lorde,” at <a href="/wiki/Alice_Austen_House" title="Alice Austen House">Alice Austen House</a> in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Eckstein" title="Ernestine Eckstein">Ernestine Eckstein</a>, activist and leader of the New York chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Bilitis" title="Daughters of Bilitis">Daughters of Bilitis</a><a href="#cite_note-www.nyclgbtsites.org-155">[155]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Nestle" title="Joan Nestle">Joan Nestle</a>, writer and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Herstory_Archives" title="Lesbian Herstory Archives">Lesbian Herstory Archives</a>, writes that going to Riis Park in the 1960s was her “deepest joy.”<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Rodwell" title="Craig Rodwell">Craig Rodwell</a>, activist, who wrote of being arrested at Riis for a too-short bathing suit<a href="#cite_note-www.nyclgbtsites.org-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ms._Colombia" title="Ms. Colombia">Ms. Colombia</a>, performer and LGBTQ icon, who also died at Bay 1.<a href="#cite_note-Yakas_2018-150">[150]</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPS_jacob-riis-park-fishing-map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/NPS_jacob-riis-park-fishing-map.jpg/310px-NPS_jacob-riis-park-fishing-map.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/NPS_jacob-riis-park-fishing-map.jpg/465px-NPS_jacob-riis-park-fishing-map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/NPS_jacob-riis-park-fishing-map.jpg/620px-NPS_jacob-riis-park-fishing-map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="1305" /></a><figcaption>A map of Jacob Riis Park</figcaption></figure> Jacob Riis Park is located at the west end of the Rockaway Peninsula, between <a href="/wiki/Fort_Tilden" title="Fort Tilden">Fort Tilden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Parkway%E2%80%93Gil_Hodges_Memorial_Bridge" title="Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge">Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge</a> to the west, and the <a href="/wiki/Neponsit,_Queens" title="Neponsit, Queens">Neponsit</a> neighborhood to the east. The <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Queens" title="Roxbury, Queens">Roxbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Breezy_Point,_Queens" title="Breezy Point, Queens">Breezy Point</a> neighborhoods sit farther west. The <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> coast marks the south end of the site, where the park's beaches are located. The north end is bound by <a href="/wiki/Beach_Channel_Drive" title="Beach Channel Drive">Beach Channel Drive</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay" title="Jamaica Bay">Jamaica Bay</a> shore.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·3 <a href="#cite_note-DepInterior-Gateway-Transport-May2006-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCPk-RkwyPkConceptual-2014-174">[174]</a>: 12  The park is approximately 262 acres (106 ha) in size, extending 1 mile (1.6 km) east-to-west between Beach 149th Street in Neponsit and Beach 169th Street at Fort Tilden.<a href="#cite_note-Society1922-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poor1910-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCPk-BeachHistory-176">[176]</a> The major east-to-west thoroughfares running across the park are Beach Channel Drive and <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Beach_Boulevard" title="Rockaway Beach Boulevard">Rockaway Beach Boulevard</a>, the latter of which runs near the south end of the park at the north end of the beach. Beach Channel Drive feeds west into the Marine Parkway Bridge, and into Rockaway Point Boulevard which runs to Roxbury and Breezy Point. Both roads run east towards the rest of the Rockaways. A <a href="/wiki/Roundabout" title="Roundabout">roundabout</a> at the east end of the park provides an interchange between the two roads. The road layout was designed in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·15 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-DepInterior-Gateway-Transport-May2006-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gateway-Greenway-177">[177]</a> Three buildings constructed in the 1930s are the primary features of the Riis Park Historical District. These are the bathhouse and the two Central Mall buildings.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a> Many elements of the park, including the mall buildings, boardwalk, and renovations to the bathhouse, were completed during the 1936-1937 renovation of the park with Works Progress Administration funds, under the watch of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses" title="Robert Moses">Robert Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilmore_D._Clarke" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilmore D. Clarke">Gilmore D. Clarke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aymar_Embury_II" title="Aymar Embury II">Aymar Embury II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·13 to 2·15  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features">Features</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bathhouse">Bathhouse</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bathhouse">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:254px;max-width:254px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:North_elevation_-_Jacob_Riis_Park,_Rockaway_Point,_Queens_County,_NY_HABS_NY-6374-51.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/North_elevation_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-51.tif/lossy-page1-250px-North_elevation_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-51.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/North_elevation_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-51.tif/lossy-page1-375px-North_elevation_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-51.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/North_elevation_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-51.tif/lossy-page1-500px-North_elevation_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-51.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5305" data-file-height="3767" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Elevation_view_of_the_south_front_(beach)_center_section,_with_scale_(similar_to_HABS_No._NY-6374-29)_-_Jacob_Riis_Park,_Rockaway_Point,_Queens_County,_NY_HABS_NY-6374-77_(CT).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Elevation_view_of_the_south_front_%28beach%29_center_section%2C_with_scale_%28similar_to_HABS_No._NY-6374-29%29_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-77_%28CT%29.tif/lossy-page1-250px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Elevation_view_of_the_south_front_%28beach%29_center_section%2C_with_scale_%28similar_to_HABS_No._NY-6374-29%29_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-77_%28CT%29.tif/lossy-page1-375px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Elevation_view_of_the_south_front_%28beach%29_center_section%2C_with_scale_%28similar_to_HABS_No._NY-6374-29%29_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-77_%28CT%29.tif/lossy-page1-500px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5043" data-file-height="3649" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">The front or north structure of the bathhouse (top), called the entrance pavilion, and rear structure of the bathhouse (bottom), known as the "beach pavilion", in 1990</div></div></div></div> Located on the south side of Rockaway Beach Boulevard near the horizontal center of the park is the bathhouse, which has historically served as the entrance to the beach. It was first completed in 1932, designed by John L. Plock of the Stoughton and Plonck firm in <a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a>/<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine</a> style. The 1936-1937 WPA project led to a reconfiguration of the bathhouse, designed by Clinton Loyd, which added <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>/<a href="/wiki/Art_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Moderne">Art Moderne</a> elements.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: PDF p.64 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·13, 2·21 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 8  The alteration in architectural style is said to have been brought on by Robert Moses being "annoyed" by the bathhouse's original Moorish elements.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·13  The bathhouse measures approximately 640 feet (200 m) long and 250 feet (76 m) wide.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: PDF p.112–123 <a href="#cite_note-BklynEAgle-Riis-Bath-Open-Aug1932-51">[51]</a> It was modeled after the <a href="/wiki/Jones_Beach_State_Park" title="Jones Beach State Park">Jones Beach</a> bathhouse, and is similar in design to other bathing pavilions of the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Bathhouse-Aug1932-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-RiisBath-Aug1930-178">[178]</a> It is the largest building in the park.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> The bathhouse actually consists of four individual structures making up each face of the building, linked by common outer screen walls, with a central courtyard in between.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: PDF p.64 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 3·6 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 8 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Bathhouse-Aug2012-120">[120]</a> The screen walls are brick and rise 8 feet (2.4 m) high.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> The buildings share a common outer facade in terms of materials, consisting of brick laid in <a href="/wiki/American_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="American bond">american bond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cast_stone" title="Cast stone">cast stone</a>, and concrete.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> After the 1937 renovations, the entire structure was painted in light gray.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·15 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> At the front or north face of the site on Rockaway Beach Boulevard is the Entry Pavilion. The one-story structure was built in 1932 as part of the original bathhouse, and retains its Moorish and Byzantine features. Loosely T-shaped, it occupies 10,000 square feet (930 m2) of space.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 8 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> The front face of the building features two small towers or <a href="/wiki/Turret_(architecture)" title="Turret (architecture)">turrets</a> near each end, with an octagonal shape. In between the towers is an <a href="/wiki/Arcade_(architecture)" title="Arcade (architecture)">arcade</a>, with five brick archways supported by concrete <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_pillar" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinthian pillar">Corinthian</a> columns. The columns are hexagonal in shape with <a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">arabesque</a> features. An additional archway is located at both the east and west ends of the arcade.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> Six <a href="/wiki/Hip_roof" title="Hip roof">hipped</a> skylights are located on the roof of the pavilion.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> At the rear of the bathhouse, facing the beach, is the "bathing pavilion"<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a> or "beach pavilion",<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·22 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> often simply called the "bathhouse".<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 8  It is two stories high and rectangular in shape, made up of two brick side sections and a concrete center section. Although built as a part of the 1932 bathhouse, the building underwent extensive renovations during the 1936-1937 projects, leading to its current Art Deco characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: PDF p.64 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 94–95  Unlike the entrance pavilion which is relatively small, the beach pavilion extends the entire east-west length of the building.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a> An arcade or <a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnade</a> is located on the ground floor of the center section, largely concrete with columns.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> The original design of the beach pavilion was similar to that of the entrance building, with numerous Moorish arches forming its arcade.<a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-RiisBath-Aug1930-178">[178]</a> On the second floor on top of the arcade is a concrete projection with rounded edges, enclosed by <a href="/wiki/Glass_brick" title="Glass brick">glass brick</a> windows.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> These windows are not original to the structure.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> The projection originally contained a cafeteria or restaurant and its kitchen.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 96 <a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-Riis-Pavilion-Aug1932-179">[179]</a> It also doubled as a <a href="/wiki/Sunroom" title="Sunroom">solarium</a>, and is often referred to as such.<a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-Solarium-Jan1933-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-Riis-Solarium-Sep1932-53">[53]</a> A terrace surrounds the projection.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 96  The center section's roof is flat, used as an additional terrace, while the side sections have hipped roofs.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> The beach pavilion contains two octagonal towers which rise four stories high with copper roofs. Several windows are located on the towers.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> External stairs on either side originally led from the beach to the terrace on the second floor, with additional staircases to the roof of the structure; the outdoor stairs from the ground have since been removed.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 94–95  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_gallery,_north_side;_view_looking_from_the_west_-_Jacob_Riis_Park,_Rockaway_Point,_Queens_County,_NY_HABS_NY-6374-55.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Interior_gallery%2C_north_side%3B_view_looking_from_the_west_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-55.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Interior_gallery%2C_north_side%3B_view_looking_from_the_west_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-55.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Interior_gallery%2C_north_side%3B_view_looking_from_the_west_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-55.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Interior_gallery%2C_north_side%3B_view_looking_from_the_west_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-55.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Interior_gallery%2C_north_side%3B_view_looking_from_the_west_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-55.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Interior_gallery%2C_north_side%3B_view_looking_from_the_west_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-55.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5305" data-file-height="3780" /></a><figcaption>Inside the front arcade of the bathhouse, with its Moorish arches</figcaption></figure> At the east and west ends of the bathhouse are the east and west wing buildings. The wings are identical one-story rectangular buildings.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: PDF p.64 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> They were built with the original bathhouse, with the east wing renovated in 1936.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> The wings each feature a <a href="/wiki/Hipped_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipped roof">hipped roof</a> of asphalt tiles.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> Both wings originally contained public bathrooms, with east wing containing a police sub-station for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a>, and the west wing housing first aid stations.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 9  Much of this space has since been converted into visitor facilities,<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> with bathrooms still present in the east wing.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 9  At the core of the bathhouse between the four buildings is the central courtyard.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 9  Now open space,<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 9  the courtyard was initially used for dressing rooms, built with numerous <a href="/wiki/Cabana_(structure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabana (structure)">cabana</a>-shaped lockers, along with shower facilities.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 3·6  The western courtyard was for women, while the eastern court was for men.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a> There were 500 changing rooms, containing 8,100 individual lockers. Of these, 5,400 lockers were located in the men's section, while the women's quarters held 2,700.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 3·6 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Bathhouse-Aug1932-50">[50]</a> The capacity was later increased to 10,000 during the 1936-1937 expansion, with 6,000 men's lockers and 4,000 women's lockers.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Orchard-Open-Jun1937-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-JonesModel-Jun1937-61">[61]</a> The changing rooms were constructed of <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> board, while the showers were tile with stone trim.<a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-Riis-Pavilion-Aug1932-179">[179]</a> The changing rooms were closed and removed by 1988 due to a lack of maintenance and sanitary concerns.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: PDF p.64 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Project-Fears-May1988-115">[115]</a> Entrance to the changing rooms was via doors at the sides of the front and rear arcades.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 96  Among the other original features of the bathhouse were two restaurants, a cafeteria, concession stands, and the solarium on the roof.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: PDF p.64 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 3·3 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 96  These were later replaced by a ranger station, the park police station, and the first-aid station.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: PDF p.64  An eastern portion of the beach pavilion is currently used to house lifeguards from the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">[97]</a>: 9  The bathhouse has received damage from numerous storms, including <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irene" title="Hurricane Irene">Hurricane Irene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: PDF p.64 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Bathhouse-Aug2012-120">[120]</a> Although a $20 million restoration of the bathhouse was started in the 1990s, the renovation project was only partially completed.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Bathhouse-Aug2012-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central_Mall">Central Mall</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Central Mall">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:508px;max-width:508px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:General_view_of_the_west_building_crescent_-_Jacob_Riis_Park,_Rockaway_Point,_Queens_County,_NY_HABS_NY-6374-20.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/General_view_of_the_west_building_crescent_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-20.tif/lossy-page1-250px-General_view_of_the_west_building_crescent_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-20.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/General_view_of_the_west_building_crescent_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-20.tif/lossy-page1-375px-General_view_of_the_west_building_crescent_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-20.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/General_view_of_the_west_building_crescent_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-20.tif/lossy-page1-500px-General_view_of_the_west_building_crescent_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-20.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5306" data-file-height="3809" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:General_view_of_east_building_crescent_from_the_east,_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park,_Rockaway_Point,_Queens_County,_NY_HABS_NY-6374-15.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/General_view_of_east_building_crescent_from_the_east%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-15.tif/lossy-page1-250px-General_view_of_east_building_crescent_from_the_east%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-15.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/General_view_of_east_building_crescent_from_the_east%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-15.tif/lossy-page1-375px-General_view_of_east_building_crescent_from_the_east%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-15.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/General_view_of_east_building_crescent_from_the_east%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-15.tif/lossy-page1-500px-General_view_of_east_building_crescent_from_the_east%2C_with_scale_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-15.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5310" data-file-height="3762" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">The western (left) and eastern mall buildings at the end of the central mall</div></div></div></div> Near the foot of the Marine Parkway Bridge between the parking lot and golf course (see <a href="#Additional_features">§ Additional features</a>) is the park's central mall, a landscaped concourse which runs north-to-south between Beach Channel Drive and the main beach.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 6 (PDF p.12) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 5·3  The mall was laid out to be aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a>, providing a distant view of the Manhattan skyscraper.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 5·3 <a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a> At the south end of the mall is a concrete plaza with two structures known as the Central Mall Buildings or the Bay 9 Mall Buildings. The buildings were erected during the 1936-1937 park projects, designed in Art Deco/Art Moderne style. The outer facade consists of brick and tile with concrete trim and roofing. The two buildings are mirror images of each other, standing one-story high. They are semi-circle shaped, opening towards the main beach; the two buildings together form a <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe" title="Horseshoe">horseshoe</a>. Each structure occupies 6,000 square feet (560 m2) of space. The western building contains offices and public toilets, along with a small bathhouse. The eastern structure is used as a concession stand, with retail space at its eastern end, and a patio area in front of it.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 6 (PDF p.12) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 5·3 <a href="#cite_note-Gateway-Bay9Mall-RFP-2014-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-LIDaily-Riis-LockerRooms-Nov1936-181">[181]</a> Like the bathhouse, the mall buildings were painted gray upon opening in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·15  A <a href="/wiki/Bandstand" title="Bandstand">bandstand</a> was originally located in between the two buildings in the center of the plaza, but was removed in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 5·3  A bronze bust of Jacob Riis had been installed adjacent to the western mall building in 1940, donated by Riis' son Roger. The bust rested on a granite pedestal constructed by the Parks Department with money from the <a href="/wiki/Triborough_Bridge_and_Tunnel_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority">Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority</a>, the highway agency also controlled by Robert Moses. After it was stolen in 1964, only its granite base remained.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·20 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 166 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBust-23">[23]</a> A replacement bronze bust was constructed by artist David Ostro, organized by students at the Immaculate Conception Catholic Academy in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Estates,_Queens" title="Jamaica Estates, Queens">Jamaica Estates</a>. The new bust was installed on April 17, 2010.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBust-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-RiisBust-Ap2010-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-RiisBust-Ap152010-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boardwalk">Boardwalk</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Boardwalk">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_Riis_clock_(duplicate_of_HABS_No._NY-6374-7)_-_Jacob_Riis_Park,_Rockaway_Point,_Queens_County,_NY_HABS_NY-6374-76_(CT).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/View_of_the_Riis_clock_%28duplicate_of_HABS_No._NY-6374-7%29_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-76_%28CT%29.tif/lossy-page1-170px-View_of_the_Riis_clock_%28duplicate_of_HABS_No._NY-6374-7%29_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-76_%28CT%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/View_of_the_Riis_clock_%28duplicate_of_HABS_No._NY-6374-7%29_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-76_%28CT%29.tif/lossy-page1-255px-View_of_the_Riis_clock_%28duplicate_of_HABS_No._NY-6374-7%29_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-76_%28CT%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/View_of_the_Riis_clock_%28duplicate_of_HABS_No._NY-6374-7%29_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-76_%28CT%29.tif/lossy-page1-340px-View_of_the_Riis_clock_%28duplicate_of_HABS_No._NY-6374-7%29_-_Jacob_Riis_Park%2C_Rockaway_Point%2C_Queens_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY-6374-76_%28CT%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3677" data-file-height="5057" /></a><figcaption>The Wise and Son clock on the Riis Park boardwalk</figcaption></figure> Running along the north end of the entire beach is the boardwalk, also sometimes called the promenade. The majority of the boardwalk was built during the 1936-1937 park projects, with the portion in front of the bathhouse built in 1932. The boardwalk separates the beach from the "back beach" portions of the park, such as the bathhouse, central mall, and non-beach recreation areas (see <a href="#Central_Mall">§ Central Mall</a> and <a href="#Additional_features">§ Additional features</a>). It is the primary means of pedestrian circulation through the park.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 4·6 to 4·7 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 6 (PDF p.12)  The boardwalk is 40 feet (12 m) wide, except at the bathhouse where it is 70 feet (21 m) wide.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 4·7 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Orchard-Open-Jun1937-66">[66]</a> It was originally wood, but was upgraded to concrete in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 4·3, 4·7 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 205  The boardwalk is built on top of the beach's concrete <a href="/wiki/Seawall" title="Seawall">seawall</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bulkhead_(barrier)" title="Bulkhead (barrier)">bulkhead</a>, which stabilizes the sand and protects the back beach from flooding.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 4·6 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 8 (PDF p.14)  The original seawall was constructed in 1931 and ran parallel to the south face of the bathhouse. Portions of the old sea wall remain on the beach.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 4·3, 7·3  Located on the boardwalk at the east end of the main beach is a <a href="/wiki/Street_clock" title="Street clock">street clock</a>, known as the Wise Clock or Riis Park Memorial Clock. It was donated by <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a> jewelry dealer William A. Wise and Son, after the store moved to a new location.<a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 4·11 to 4·12 <a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-Clock-Mar1941-77">[77]</a> The clock was built by the <a href="/wiki/Howard_Watch_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Watch Company">Howard Watch Company</a> in 1891 and moved to the park on March 4, 1941.<a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-Clock-Mar1941-77">[77]</a> The clock has four faces, and originally operated on a single mechanism.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 4·11 to 4·12 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 175–176 <a href="#cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-Clock-Mar1941-77">[77]</a> Renovations in the 1970s added four individual mechanisms.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 208  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parking_lot">Parking lot</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Parking lot">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine4_(7448170488).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marine4_%287448170488%29.jpg/220px-Marine4_%287448170488%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marine4_%287448170488%29.jpg/330px-Marine4_%287448170488%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marine4_%287448170488%29.jpg/440px-Marine4_%287448170488%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11332" data-file-height="8959" /></a><figcaption>An aerial view of Riis Park and the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Parkway_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Parkway Bridge">Marine Parkway Bridge</a> (background) in 1956</figcaption></figure> Located on the north side of Rockaway Beach Boulevard extending to Beach Channel Drive is the park's parking lot, which is variously given as being 62 acres (25 ha) or 72 acres (29 ha) in size. The parking lot is the largest individual feature in the park and occupies much of the park site north of the beach. The only entry point to the lot is at its south end in front of the bathhouse, where four toll booths are present.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 10 (PDF p.16) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·25 <a href="#cite_note-DepInterior-Gateway-Transport-May2006-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-LIDaily-Riis-LockerRooms-Nov1936-181">[181]</a> It was built with a capacity of either 9,000<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 10 (PDF p.16) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·21 <a href="#cite_note-DepInterior-Gateway-Transport-May2006-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Caro_1974-62">[62]</a>: 508  or 14,000<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·15 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Orchard-Open-Jun1937-66">[66]</a> automobiles. At the time of its construction, it was the largest paved parking lot in the world.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·15 <a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Orchard-Open-Jun1937-66">[66]</a> A grade-level crosswalk to the west of the toll booths, and a pedestrian underpass to the east, lead across the street to the bathhouse.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·25 <a href="#cite_note-LIDaily-Riis-LockerRooms-Nov1936-181">[181]</a> The lot is entirely circumscribed by the access roads to the park, with the roundabout located at its southeast corner, and the interchange with the Marine Park Bridge located near its northwest corner.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 10 (PDF p.16) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·24 to 2·25 <a href="#cite_note-DepInterior-Gateway-Transport-May2006-173">[173]</a> The parking lot was managed by the Marine Parkway Authority (which constructed and operated the Marine Parkway Bridge) until 1940, when it was merged with Robert Moses' <a href="/wiki/Triborough_Bridge_and_Tunnel_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority">Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority</a> (TBTA). The TBTA operated the parking lot until 1968, when it in turn was merged with the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> (MTA)'s <a href="/wiki/MTA_Bridges_and_Tunnels" title="MTA Bridges and Tunnels">Bridges and Tunnels</a> division. In 1974, the entire park and its parking lot was relinquished to the National Park Service.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·15 to 2·21 <a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Parking fees collected from Riis Park contributed to the construction of the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 2·15  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Additional_features">Additional features</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Additional features">edit</a>]</div> At the west end of the park across from Fort Tilden is the park's 18-hole, <a href="/wiki/Pitch_and_putt" title="Pitch and putt">pitch and putt</a> golf course.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 6 (PDF p.12) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 5·4  It is 26 acres (11 ha) in size.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 146 <a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> The entrance to the course is from the boardwalk adjacent to the western mall building.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 5·4  The golf course was constructed during the 1936-1937 projects, and opened in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a>: 146  A <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a> station and a Park Police station are located at the northwest corner of the golf course, on Beach 169th Street across from Fort Tilden.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a> The fire house, Engine 329 and also called the Neponsit Fire Station, was constructed circa 1957 and opened in 1962. At the time it opened, it served the Neponsit, Roxbury and Breezy Point neighborhoods, as well as southern Brooklyn and Floyd Bennett Field. It replaced a local volunteer fire department when it opened.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> The ladder company of the fire house, Ladder 171, was closed on November 22, 1975 during the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_fiscal_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City fiscal crisis">city's fiscal crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> At the southeast corner of the park just east of the bathhouse and adjacent to Neponsit is <a href="/wiki/Neponsit_Beach_Hospital" title="Neponsit Beach Hospital">Neponsit Beach Hospital</a>, a former children's tuberculosis hospital and later a nursing home. The hospital was built in 1915 on Riis Park property, and closed in September 1998.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Controversy-Nov2006-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Neponsit-AgeOld-Jun2003-191">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> wrote that, over the years, the portion of the beach in front of Neponsit Beach Hospital had evolved into "a queer haven".<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit">[update]</a>, city officials planned to demolish the hospital.<a href="#cite_note-NBC_News_2022-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2022-09-18-153">[153]</a> The park also contains conventional park recreation including playgrounds and sports fields located in the back beach area. Little league-size baseball fields are located on the west side of the hospital at the east end of the park. Basketball courts are located at the west side of the bathhouse. Farther west near the central mall are handball, paddle ball, and <a href="/wiki/Shuffleboard" title="Shuffleboard">shuffleboard</a> courts. More basketball and handball courts were previously located along the southern edge of the golf course. There are also open grass areas for picnicking and grilling. One of these areas between the bathhouse and mall was previously a <a href="/wiki/Floodlights" class="mw-redirect" title="Floodlights">lighted</a> softball field.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 15 (PDF p.21) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 5·4 <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Unrau-Ap1981-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a> The crescent-shaped plot of land east of the parking lot, 30 acres (12 ha) in size, is undeveloped and consists of open grass and trees. Baseball fields were formerly present on the southern portion of this site.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 8 (PDF p.14)  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beaches">Beaches</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Beaches">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_3.JPG/220px-Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_3.JPG/330px-Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_3.JPG/440px-Jacob_Riis_Beach_New_York_City_2013_Shankbone_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The beach and bathhouse at dusk at Jacob Riis Park</figcaption></figure> The beaches at Jacob Riis Park consists of 14 bays numbered east-to-west on the Atlantic coast.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 6 (PDF p.12) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Gateway-Maps-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-RiisPk-ClaimingSand-Aug2002-195">[195]</a> The main beach occupies the western half of the park, or Bays 6 through 14, at the mouth of the Central Mall. Bays 1 through 5 lie on the eastern half in front of Neponsit Beach Hospital and the park bathhouse. Bay 1 is directly in front of the hospital, while the bathhouse feeds into Bay 4.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Gateway-Maps-194">[194]</a> The main beach features a distinctive crescent shape opening towards the Atlantic Ocean.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 7·3  The eastern half of the beach is much more narrow than the western half.<a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a> Each bay is separated by reinforced concrete <a href="/wiki/Jetty" title="Jetty">jetties</a>, boulders, and rows of wooden pilings which extend into the ocean.<a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a> The jetties also stabilize the sand of the beach.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 7·3  Until the 1950s, Bays 1 and 2 were part of the Neponsit Hospital property.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955-78">[78]</a> Adjacent to the east of Bay 1 is <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Beach_and_Boardwalk" title="Rockaway Beach and Boardwalk">Rockaway Beach</a>, another public beach which stretches from Neponsit to <a href="/wiki/Far_Rockaway,_Queens" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Rockaway, Queens">Far Rockaway</a> at the east end of the peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-NYCPk-RkwyPkConceptual-2014-174">[174]</a>: 12–13  A fence separates the two beaches.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Nude-Jun1983-112">[112]</a> Bay 1 is often considered the "adult" section of the beach.<a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Riis-Fence-Jun2012-113">[113]</a> It has historically been popular among the gay community, as well as <a href="/wiki/Nude_beach" title="Nude beach">nudists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-RiisPk-ClaimingSand-Aug2002-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-Riis-Fence-Jun2012-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Nude-Jun1983-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Segregation-196">[196]</a> At Bay 1, there is an informal memorial on a chainlink fence for LGBTQ icon <a href="/wiki/Ms._Colombia" title="Ms. Colombia">Ms. Colombia</a>, who was known to frequent the beach and whose body was found in the ocean near Bay 1 on October 4, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> The remaining bays have also been informally segregated in the past.<a href="#cite_note-LowTaplin2009-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Segregation-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-BetterImage-Sep1991-95">[95]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Public transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:508px;max-width:508px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Transit_Grumman_Flxible_870_236.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/NYC_Transit_Grumman_Flxible_870_236.jpg/250px-NYC_Transit_Grumman_Flxible_870_236.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/NYC_Transit_Grumman_Flxible_870_236.jpg/375px-NYC_Transit_Grumman_Flxible_870_236.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/NYC_Transit_Grumman_Flxible_870_236.jpg/500px-NYC_Transit_Grumman_Flxible_870_236.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A retired <a href="/wiki/Grumman_870" class="mw-redirect" title="Grumman 870">Grumman 870</a> parked in front of Riis Park</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Riis_Landing_jeh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Riis_Landing_jeh.JPG/250px-Riis_Landing_jeh.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Riis_Landing_jeh.JPG/375px-Riis_Landing_jeh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Riis_Landing_jeh.JPG/500px-Riis_Landing_jeh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2993" data-file-height="2187" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Riis Landing ferry stop on the Jamaica Bay shore</div></div></div></div></div> The <a href="/wiki/Q22_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Q22 (New York City bus)">Q22</a> and <a href="/wiki/Q35_(New_York_City_bus)" title="Q35 (New York City bus)">Q35</a> local buses serve the park on Rockaway Beach Boulevard. The Q22 runs east-to-west across the Rockaway Peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-MTABusTime-Q22-199">[199]</a> The Q35 travels between Rockaway Park and Brooklyn via the Marine Parkway Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-MTABusTime-Q35-200">[200]</a> During summer months (late May to early September) when the park is open, eastbound Q22 buses and all Q35 buses stop at the Riis Park bathhouse.<a href="#cite_note-MTA-Q22-Q35-RiisPark-2015-201">[201]</a> This stop also acts as a drop-off area for passenger cars.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 3·4  Off-season, the closest stop to the park is at Beach 149th Street in front of Neponsit Hospital; westbound Q22s use this stop during summer months.<a href="#cite_note-MTA-Q22-Q35-RiisPark-2015-201">[201]</a> An additional eastbound bus stop is located at the north end of the mall near the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 12 (PDF p.18) <a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Cultural-1992-12">[12]</a>: 5·4 <a href="#cite_note-MTA-QnsBusMap-Current-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTABusTime-Q22-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTABusTime-Q35-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTA-Q22-Q35-RiisPark-2015-201">[201]</a> The <a href="/wiki/QM16_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="QM16 (New York City bus)">QM16</a> express route to Manhattan also operates on Rockaway Beach Boulevard, terminating at the park bathhouse and parking lot. QM16 passengers utilize the parking lot as a park-and-ride facility.<a href="#cite_note-MTA-QnsBusMap-Current-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> The closest <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> station is the <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Park%E2%80%93Beach_116th_Street_(IND_Rockaway_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street (IND Rockaway Line)">Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street</a> station on the <a href="/wiki/IND_Rockaway_Line" title="IND Rockaway Line">IND Rockaway Line</a> east of the park, served by the <a href="/wiki/A_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="A (New York City Subway service)">A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Park_Shuttle" title="Rockaway Park Shuttle">S</a> trains.<a href="#cite_note-NYCPk-RkwyPkConceptual-2014-174">[174]</a>: 14 <a href="#cite_note-MTA-RockawaysMap-2015-205">[205]</a> The Q22 and Q35 connect to the station. The Q35 also connects to the <a href="/wiki/Flatbush_Avenue%E2%80%93Brooklyn_College_(IRT_Nostrand_Avenue_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatbush Avenue–Brooklyn College (IRT Nostrand Avenue Line)">Flatbush Avenue–Brooklyn College</a> station in Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-MTA-RockawaysMap-2015-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTA-QnsBusMap-Current-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTABusTime-Q22-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTABusTime-Q35-200">[200]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Water_Taxi" title="New York Water Taxi">New York Water Taxi</a> operated a Rockaway ferry, also called the New York Beach Ferry, from <a href="/wiki/Pier_11/Wall_Street" title="Pier 11/Wall Street">Pier 11/Wall Street</a> in Lower Manhattan, which stopped at Riis Landing in front of Fort Tilden on Jamaica Bay. Service began in May 2008.<a href="#cite_note-NYCPk-RkwyPkConceptual-2014-174">[174]</a>: 15 <a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/NYC_Ferry" title="NYC Ferry">NYC Ferry</a> also operates the <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Ferry" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockaway Ferry">Rockaway Ferry</a> route from Pier 11/Wall Street to Beach 108th Street in Rockaway Park. A free shuttle bus travels from the ferry terminal, stopping at Beach 149th Street, the Riis Park bathhouse, and Beach 169th Street.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_access">Road access</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Road access">edit</a>]</div> Highway access to Riis Park is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Belt_Parkway" title="Belt Parkway">Belt Parkway</a>, which runs along the south shore of Brooklyn and Queens. The Belt Parkway connects to the Marine Parkway Bridge via its <a href="/wiki/Flatbush_Avenue" title="Flatbush Avenue">Flatbush Avenue</a> exit in <a href="/wiki/Marine_Park,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Park, Brooklyn">Marine Park, Brooklyn</a>. <a href="/wiki/Woodhaven_and_Cross_Bay_Boulevards" title="Woodhaven and Cross Bay Boulevards">Cross Bay Boulevard</a> provides access from central Queens and <a href="/wiki/Broad_Channel,_Queens" title="Broad Channel, Queens">Broad Channel</a>, leading to both Beach Channel Drive and Rockaway Beach Boulevard.<a href="#cite_note-NPS-Riis-Tilden-Jun1989-4">[4]</a>: 10–11 (PDF p.16–17) <a href="#cite_note-DepInterior-Gateway-Transport-May2006-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCPk-RkwyPkConceptual-2014-174">[174]</a>: 14  The Riis Park parking lot is a pay-to-park facility during summer months.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> The park was featured in a <a href="/wiki/Cracker_Jack" title="Cracker Jack">Cracker Jack</a> commercial in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the boardwalk and the Wise clock shown.<a href="#cite_note-Rockawave-RiisClock-StillStands-2013-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Riis_Park&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nris-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nris_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nris_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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April 15, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Society1922-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Society1922_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Society1922_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Society1922_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Society1922_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Society1922_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Society1922_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Society1922_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Society1922_2-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Scenic_and_Historic_Preservation_Society1922" class="citation book cs1">American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EdxBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA31">Annual Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society to the Legislature of the State of New York</a>. pp. 30–31. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+American+Scenic+and+Historic+Preservation+Society+to+the+Legislature+of+the+State+of+New+York&rft.pages=30-31&rft.date=1922&rft.au=American+Scenic+and+Historic+Preservation+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEdxBAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Group1971-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Group1971_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamaica_Bay_Environmental_Study_Group1971" class="citation book cs1">Jamaica Bay Environmental Study Group (January 1, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cJgrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA44">Jamaica Bay and Kennedy Airport: a Multidisciplinary Environmental Study: A Report</a>. National Academies. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780309018715" title="Special:BookSources/9780309018715"><bdi>9780309018715</bdi></a>. NAP:15660. 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Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+Urban+Parks%3A+Public+Space+and+Cultural+Diversity&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2009-05-21&rft.isbn=978-0-292-77821-4&rft.au=Setha+Low&rft.au=Dana+Taplin&rft.au=Suzanne+Scheld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcUhYBCSAYIEC%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rockawave-SeasidePark-Board-Mar1907-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-SeasidePark-Board-Mar1907_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201905-1908%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201905-1908%2520sp%2520-%25200609.pdf">"The Big Seaside Park: Full Report Adopted by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment last Friday"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. March 16, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved September 2, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=The+Big+Seaside+Park%3A+Full+Report+Adopted+by+the+Board+of+Estimate+and+Apportionment+last+Friday&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1907-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201905-1908%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201905-1908%252520sp%252520-%2525200609.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252010%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Post%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Post%25201909%2520Grayscale%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Post%25201909%2520Grayscale%2520-%25204270.pdf">"Plea for Oceanside Park"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_York_Evening_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Evening Post">New York Evening Post</a>. 1907. Retrieved August 29, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Plea+for+Oceanside+Park&rft.date=1907&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252010%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Evening%252520Post%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Evening%252520Post%2525201909%252520Grayscale%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Evening%252520Post%2525201909%252520Grayscale%252520-%2525204270.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poor1907-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Poor1907_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Association_for_Improving_the_Condition_of_the_Poor1907" class="citation book cs1">New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=My4rAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA43">Annual Report of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor for the Fiscal Year ...</a> The Association. pp. 43–44. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+New+York+Association+for+Improving+the+Condition+of+the+Poor+for+the+Fiscal+Year+...&rft.pages=43-44&rft.pub=The+Association.&rft.date=1907&rft.au=New+York+Association+for+Improving+the+Condition+of+the+Poor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMy4rAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rockawave-SeasidePk-Dec1909-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-SeasidePk-Dec1909_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-SeasidePk-Dec1909_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201908-1909%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201908-1909%2520-%25200638.pdf">"Seaside Park Being Urged"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. December 4, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved September 2, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=Seaside+Park+Being+Urged&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1909-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201908-1909%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201908-1909%252520-%2525200638.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fayette-SeasideHosp-1912-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Fayette-SeasideHosp-1912_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FFayette%2520MS%2520Chronicle%2FFayette%2520MS%2520Chronicle%2520%25201908-1912%2FFayette%2520MS%2520Chronicle%2520%25201908-1912%2520%25281139%2529.pdf">"Cripple Aids Poor; Boy Caused Erection of Hospital to Cost $250,000"</a> (PDF). The Fayette Chronicle. 1912. Retrieved September 2, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fayette+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Cripple+Aids+Poor%3B+Boy+Caused+Erection+of+Hospital+to+Cost+%24250%2C000&rft.date=1912&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252023%252FFayette%252520MS%252520Chronicle%252FFayette%252520MS%252520Chronicle%252520%2525201908-1912%252FFayette%252520MS%252520Chronicle%252520%2525201908-1912%252520%2525281139%252529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-RiisPk-May1914-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-RiisPk-May1914_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-RiisPk-May1914_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F06E2D8173AE633A2575BC2A9639C946596D6CF&legacy=true">"Jacob A. Riis Park: Movement Starter to Change Name of Rockaway Beach Tract"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. May 28, 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909053238/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F06E2D8173AE633A2575BC2A9639C946596D6CF&legacy=true">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jacob+A.+Riis+Park%3A+Movement+Starter+to+Change+Name+of+Rockaway+Beach+Tract&rft.date=1914-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9F06E2D8173AE633A2575BC2A9639C946596D6CF%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carol_P._Kaplan_2003-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carol_P._Kaplan_2003_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carol_P._Kaplan_2003_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carol_P._Kaplan_2003_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carol_P._Kaplan_2003_21-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carol_P._Kaplan_2003_21-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_KaplanCarol_P._Kaplan2003" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence Kaplan; Carol P. Kaplan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vkR7XDsAXOoC&pg=PA82">Between Ocean and City: The Transformation of Rockaway, New York</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. pp. 82–83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12848-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12848-3"><bdi>978-0-231-12848-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Ocean+and+City%3A+The+Transformation+of+Rockaway%2C+New+York&rft.pages=82-83&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-231-12848-3&rft.au=Lawrence+Kaplan&rft.au=Carol+P.+Kaplan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvkR7XDsAXOoC%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rockawave-Neponsit-Ap1913-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-Neponsit-Ap1913_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201913%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201913%2520-%25200194.pdf">"$250,000 Building; To be Erected at Seaside Park for Hospital Use"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. April 26, 1913. p. 1. 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March 10, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909062509/https://www.nps.gov/gate/riis-bust-unveiling.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riis+Bust&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2017-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fgate%2Friis-bust-unveiling.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hospitals1915-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Hospitals1915_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellevue_and_Allied_Hospitals1915" class="citation book cs1">Bellevue and Allied Hospitals (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58pCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA39">Annual Report</a>. pp. 39–40. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report&rft.pages=39-40&rft.date=1915&rft.au=Bellevue+and+Allied+Hospitals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D58pCAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55290243/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22">"Ocean Gives City Five Acres of Land"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. July 20, 1916. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802024546/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55290243/?terms=%22riis+park%22">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Ocean+Gives+City+Five+Acres+of+Land&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1916-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F55290243%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522riis%252Bpark%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55287869/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22">"Plan to "Steal" 30 Acres from Ocean"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. August 6, 1916. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802033231/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55287869/?terms=%22riis+park%22">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Plan+to+%22Steal%22+30+Acres+from+Ocean&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1916-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F55287869%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522riis%252Bpark%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-PilatPlan-Jun1930-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-PilatPlan-Jun1930_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-PilatPlan-Jun1930_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-PilatPlan-Jun1930_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-PilatPlan-Jun1930_27-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/06/23/archives/plan-to-beautify-riis-park-revived-development-outlined-by-cf-pilat.html">"PLAN TO BEAUTIFY RIIS PARK REVIVED; Development Outlined by C.F. Pilat in 1916 Competition Now Is Being Modernized. APPROVED BY CIVIC BODIES Queens Park Commission Prepares to Begin Work With Recent Allotment of $90,000. Plans Receive Backing. Would Preserve Shrubbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 23, 1930. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215657/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/06/23/archives/plan-to-beautify-riis-park-revived-development-outlined-by-cf-pilat.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=PLAN+TO+BEAUTIFY+RIIS+PARK+REVIVED%3B+Development+Outlined+by+C.F.+Pilat+in+1916+Competition+Now+Is+Being+Modernized.+APPROVED+BY+CIVIC+BODIES+Queens+Park+Commission+Prepares+to+Begin+Work+With+Recent+Allotment+of+%2490%2C000.+Plans+Receive+Backing.+Would+Preserve+Shrubbery.&rft.date=1930-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F06%2F23%2Farchives%2Fplan-to-beautify-riis-park-revived-development-outlined-by-cf-pilat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LandArchMag-1914-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LandArchMag-1914_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LandArchMag-1914_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LandArchMag-1914_28-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KblCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR3">"Competition for Landscape Design"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Landscape_Architecture_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Landscape Architecture (magazine)">Landscape Architecture</a>. 4: 66–71. 1914. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Architecture&rft.atitle=Competition+for+Landscape+Design&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=66-71&rft.date=1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKblCAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Society1915-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Society1915_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Scenic_and_Historic_Preservation_Society1915" class="citation book cs1">American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b2MAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA154">Annual Report</a>. J.B. Lyon Company. p. 154. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=J.B.+Lyon+Company&rft.date=1915&rft.au=American+Scenic+and+Historic+Preservation+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db2MAAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2196.pdf">"Astoria Park Pool and Play Center"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. June 20, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226211756/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2196.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 26, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astoria+Park+Pool+and+Play+Center&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=2006-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F2196.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Survey-Telewana-1914-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Survey-Telewana-1914_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nvZAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA456">"Rockaway Beach for Bathers or Institutions?"</a>. The Survey. 31 (16). New York Survey Associates, Inc.: 455–456 January 17, 1914. 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May 3, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170401145529/https://issuu.com/barrettreiter/docs/fmcp_hpstudioii2015_printedition_re">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flushing+Meadows-Corona+Park%3A+Historic+Preservation+Studio&rft.pub=Columbia+Graduate+School+of+Architecture%2C+Planning+and+Preservation&rft.date=2015-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fbarrettreiter%2Fdocs%2Ffmcp_hpstudioii2015_printedition_re&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FMCPStrategic-03Then&Now-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FMCPStrategic-03Then&Now_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/vt_flushing_meadows/presentation/03conceptualframework1.pdf">"Flushing Meadows Corona Park Strategic Framework Plan; Conceptual Framework"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/vt_flushing_meadows/presentation/03conceptualframework1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flushing+Meadows+Corona+Park+Strategic+Framework+Plan%3B+Conceptual+Framework&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Parks+and+Recreation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Fsub_your_park%2Fvt_flushing_meadows%2Fpresentation%2F03conceptualframework1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-QnsPkRising-1936-34"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-QnsPkRising-1936_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1936/12/06/archives/vast-queens-park-rising-on-fair-site-moses-says-improvements-in-are.html">"VAST QUEENS PARK RISING ON FAIR SITE"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. December 6, 1936. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210407073023/https://www.nytimes.com/1936/12/06/archives/vast-queens-park-rising-on-fair-site-moses-says-improvements-in-are.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=VAST+QUEENS+PARK+RISING+ON+FAIR+SITE&rft.date=1936-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1936%2F12%2F06%2Farchives%2Fvast-queens-park-rising-on-fair-site-moses-says-improvements-in-are.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/download/nc4-8.pdf">"The First Flight Across the Atlantic"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070925085006/http://www.history.navy.mil/download/nc4-8.pdf">Archived</a> September 25, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naval_Historical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Historical Center">Naval Historical Center</a>. Accessed July 11, 2007. "Soon the NC-l would establish a record by carrying 51 men aloft, including the first deliberate stowaway in aviation history." </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F05E5DB1339E03ABC4851DFB466838B629EDE&legacy=true">"RIIS PARK DISPUTE ENDED.; City Leases 2 Private Flying Fields for Naval Militia Temporarily"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. February 20, 1930. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909053331/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F05E5DB1339E03ABC4851DFB466838B629EDE&legacy=true">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=RIIS+PARK+DISPUTE+ENDED.%3B+City+Leases+2+Private+Flying+Fields+for+Naval+Militia+Temporarily.&rft.date=1930-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9F05E5DB1339E03ABC4851DFB466838B629EDE%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/10/12/archives/to-wreck-air-base-at-rockaway-beach-navy-department-asks-bids-for.html">"TO WRECK AIR BASE AT ROCKAWAY BEACH; Navy Department Asks Bids for the Demolition of the War. Time Plane Station. SITE WILL BECOME A PARK Fifty-one Buildings Will Be Removed and Property Will BeRestored to City. Rockaway Hails Park Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. October 12, 1930. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215014/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/10/12/archives/to-wreck-air-base-at-rockaway-beach-navy-department-asks-bids-for.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=TO+WRECK+AIR+BASE+AT+ROCKAWAY+BEACH%3B+Navy+Department+Asks+Bids+for+the+Demolition+of+the+War.+Time+Plane+Station.+SITE+WILL+BECOME+A+PARK+Fifty-one+Buildings+Will+Be+Removed+and+Property+Will+BeRestored+to+City.+Rockaway+Hails+Park+Plan.&rft.date=1930-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F10%2F12%2Farchives%2Fto-wreck-air-base-at-rockaway-beach-navy-department-asks-bids-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F07EFDE1F38E233A2575BC1A9669D946495D6CF&legacy=true">"ROCKAWAY FERRY OPENED BY HYLAN"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. October 18, 1925. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909053352/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F07EFDE1F38E233A2575BC1A9669D946495D6CF&legacy=true">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ROCKAWAY+FERRY+OPENED+BY+HYLAN&rft.date=1925-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9F07EFDE1F38E233A2575BC1A9669D946495D6CF%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QnsPk-1926Report-39"><a href="#cite_ref-QnsPk-1926Report_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home2.nyc.gov/html/records/pdf/govpub/4074annual_report_queens_dept_parks_1926.pdf">"Annual Report of the Department of Parks, Borough of Queens, City of New York, for the year 1926"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">Department of Parks: Borough of Queens</a>. March 15, 1929. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203101236/http://home2.nyc.gov/html/records/pdf/govpub/4074annual_report_queens_dept_parks_1926.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Department+of+Parks%2C+Borough+of+Queens%2C+City+of+New+York%2C+for+the+year+1926&rft.pub=Department+of+Parks%3A+Borough+of+Queens&rft.date=1929-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome2.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Frecords%2Fpdf%2Fgovpub%2F4074annual_report_queens_dept_parks_1926.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QnsPk-1927-28Report-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QnsPk-1927-28Report_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QnsPk-1927-28Report_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home2.nyc.gov/html/records/pdf/govpub/4495annual_report_queens_dept_parks_1927-28.pdf">"Annual Report of the Department of Parks, Borough of Queens, City of New York, for the years 1927 and 1928"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">Department of Parks: Borough of Queens</a>. March 15, 1929. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211190539/http://home2.nyc.gov/html/records/pdf/govpub/4495annual_report_queens_dept_parks_1927-28.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Department+of+Parks%2C+Borough+of+Queens%2C+City+of+New+York%2C+for+the+years+1927+and+1928&rft.pub=Department+of+Parks%3A+Borough+of+Queens&rft.date=1929-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome2.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Frecords%2Fpdf%2Fgovpub%2F4495annual_report_queens_dept_parks_1927-28.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/06/29/archives/exodus-to-rockaway-for-summer-begins-150000-go-by-auto-and-truck-to.html">"EXODUS TO ROCKAWAY FOR SUMMER BEGINS; 150,000 Go by Auto and Truck to Cottages at Beaches--Father and Son Rescued"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 29, 1930. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502141507/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/06/29/archives/exodus-to-rockaway-for-summer-begins-150000-go-by-auto-and-truck-to.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=EXODUS+TO+ROCKAWAY+FOR+SUMMER+BEGINS%3B+150%2C000+Go+by+Auto+and+Truck+to+Cottages+at+Beaches--Father+and+Son+Rescued.&rft.date=1930-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F06%2F29%2Farchives%2Fexodus-to-rockaway-for-summer-begins-150000-go-by-auto-and-truck-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929-42"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffus1929" class="citation web cs1">Duffus, R.L. (September 22, 1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/22/archives/our-great-subway-network-spreads-wider-new-plans-of-board-of.html">"OUR GREAT SUBWAY NETWORK SPREADS WIDER; New Plans of Board of Transportation Involve the Building of More Than One Hundred Miles of Additional Rapid Transit Routes for New York"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613235125/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/22/archives/our-great-subway-network-spreads-wider-new-plans-of-board-of.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=OUR+GREAT+SUBWAY+NETWORK+SPREADS+WIDER%3B+New+Plans+of+Board+of+Transportation+Involve+the+Building+of+More+Than+One+Hundred+Miles+of+Additional+Rapid+Transit+Routes+for+New+York&rft.date=1929-09-22&rft.aulast=Duffus&rft.aufirst=R.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F09%2F22%2Farchives%2Four-great-subway-network-spreads-wider-new-plans-of-board-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IND2ndSystem1929Map-43"><a href="#cite_ref-IND2ndSystem1929Map_43-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/File:1929_IND_Second_System.jpg" title="File:1929 IND Second System.jpg">Board of Transportation of the City of New York Engineering Department, Proposed Additional Rapid Transit Lines And Proposed Vehicular Tunnel</a>, dated August 23, 1929 </li> <li id="cite_note-Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaskin2013" class="citation book cs1">Raskin, Joseph B. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CUlGCgAAQBAJ">The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System</a>. New York, New York: Fordham University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5422%2Ffordham%2F9780823253692.001.0001">10.5422/fordham/9780823253692.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-82325-369-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-82325-369-2"><bdi>978-0-82325-369-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routes+Not+Taken%3A+A+Trip+Through+New+York+City%27s+Unbuilt+Subway+System&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5422%2Ffordham%2F9780823253692.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-82325-369-2&rft.aulast=Raskin&rft.aufirst=Joseph+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCUlGCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59977952/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22">"Jacob Riis Park"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. August 7, 1932. p. 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802020244/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59977952/?terms=%22riis+park%22">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Jacob+Riis+Park&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1932-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F59977952%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522riis%252Bpark%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-RiisBathhouse-1986_46-40">ao</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshSmall1986" class="citation web cs1">Marsh, John B.; Small, Sally (February 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicstructur00mars">"Historic Structure Report: Architectural Data Section: Jacob Riis Bathhouse Exterior, Jacob Riis Park Historic District, Gateway National Recreation Area"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Historic+Structure+Report%3A+Architectural+Data+Section%3A+Jacob+Riis+Bathhouse+Exterior%2C+Jacob+Riis+Park+Historic+District%2C+Gateway+National+Recreation+Area&rft.date=1986-02&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rft.au=Small%2C+Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricstructur00mars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/09/30/archives/gets-105000-more-for-riis-park-work-benninger-obtains-estimate.html">"GETS $105,000 MORE FOR RIIS PARK WORK; Benninger Obtains Estimate Board Approval to Spend $530,469 Instead of $425,000"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. September 30, 1931. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215125/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/09/30/archives/gets-105000-more-for-riis-park-work-benninger-obtains-estimate.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=GETS+%24105%2C000+MORE+FOR+RIIS+PARK+WORK%3B+Benninger+Obtains+Estimate+Board+Approval+to+Spend+%24530%2C469+Instead+of+%24425%2C000.&rft.date=1931-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F09%2F30%2Farchives%2Fgets-105000-more-for-riis-park-work-benninger-obtains-estimate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/57300487/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22">"Riis Park Pavilion Project Is to Get Under Way Today"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. November 23, 1931. p. 28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802032219/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/57300487/?terms=%22riis+park%22">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Riis+Park+Pavilion+Project+Is+to+Get+Under+Way+Today&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1931-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F57300487%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522riis%252Bpark%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201931-1932%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201931-1932%2520-%25202744.pdf">"Work Of Constructing Bathing Pavilion In Riis Park Is Started"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. November 26, 1931. p. 5. Retrieved September 7, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=Work+Of+Constructing+Bathing+Pavilion+In+Riis+Park+Is+Started&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1931-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201931-1932%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201931-1932%252520-%2525202744.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Bathhouse-Aug1932-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Bathhouse-Aug1932_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Bathhouse-Aug1932_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Bathhouse-Aug1932_50-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D0DE3DC1E3EE633A25756C0A96E9C946394D6CF&legacy=true">"RIIS PARK PAVILION TO OPEN TOMORROW; Mayor Will Speak at Ceremony at New Bathing Centre -- Police Band to Play. BUILDING WORK SPEEDED Benninger Says Structure Will Be "Completed in Every Respect" Despite Recent Delays"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. August 5, 1932. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909053119/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D0DE3DC1E3EE633A25756C0A96E9C946394D6CF&legacy=true">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=RIIS+PARK+PAVILION+TO+OPEN+TOMORROW%3B+Mayor+Will+Speak+at+Ceremony+at+New+Bathing+Centre+--+Police+Band+to+Play.+BUILDING+WORK+SPEEDED+Benninger+Says+Structure+Will+Be+%22Completed+in+Every+Respect%22+Despite+Recent+Delays.&rft.date=1932-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9D0DE3DC1E3EE633A25756C0A96E9C946394D6CF%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BklynEAgle-Riis-Bath-Open-Aug1932-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEAgle-Riis-Bath-Open-Aug1932_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEAgle-Riis-Bath-Open-Aug1932_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59977334/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22">"Rockaways Get Hilly Pledge on Rapid Transit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. August 7, 1932. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802031001/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59977334/?terms=%22riis+park%22">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Rockaways+Get+Hilly+Pledge+on+Rapid+Transit&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1932-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F59977334%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522riis%252Bpark%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-Solarium-Jan1933-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-Riis-Solarium-Jan1933_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-Riis-Solarium-Jan1933_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-Riis-Solarium-Jan1933_52-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59876692/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22%2B%22solarium%22">"Big Riis Park Solarium to Start in Spring"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. January 29, 1933. p. 48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802021951/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59876692/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22%2B%22solarium%22">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Big+Riis+Park+Solarium+to+Start+in+Spring&rft.pages=48&rft.date=1933-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F59876692%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522riis%252Bpark%2522%252B%2522solarium%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rockawave-Riis-Solarium-Sep1932-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-Riis-Solarium-Sep1932_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-Riis-Solarium-Sep1932_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201931-1932%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201931-1932%2520-%25203148.pdf">"Solarium to be Erected: Work on New Feature at Riis Park Starts This Fall"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. September 22, 1932. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902213823/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2021/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201931-1932/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201931-1932%20-%203148.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=Solarium+to+be+Erected%3A+Work+on+New+Feature+at+Riis+Park+Starts+This+Fall&rft.date=1932-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201931-1932%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201931-1932%252520-%2525203148.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Moses-Model-Aug1934-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Moses-Model-Aug1934_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Moses-Model-Aug1934_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Moses-Model-Aug1934_54-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Moses-Model-Aug1934_54-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Moses-Model-Aug1934_54-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D05EFDA153FE53ABC4F53DFBE66838F629EDE&legacy=true">"Moses to Develop Riis Park as Model; Plans a 'Second Jones Beach' on City Ocean Front, Correcting Predecessor's Errors. TO REMODEL BATHHOUSE Will Raze Part of It and Take Out Sea Wall to Quadruple Space for Bathers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wantagh,_New_York" title="Wantagh, New York">Wantagh, New York</a>. August 7, 1934. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909053117/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D05EFDA153FE53ABC4F53DFBE66838F629EDE&legacy=true">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Moses+to+Develop+Riis+Park+as+Model%3B+Plans+a+%27Second+Jones+Beach%27+on+City+Ocean+Front%2C+Correcting+Predecessor%27s+Errors.+TO+REMODEL+BATHHOUSE+Will+Raze+Part+of+It+and+Take+Out+Sea+Wall+to+Quadruple+Space+for+Bathers.&rft.date=1934-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9D05EFDA153FE53ABC4F53DFBE66838F629EDE%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RiisPkBrochure-1985-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RiisPkBrochure-1985_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RiisPkBrochure-1985_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npshistory.com/brochures/gate/riis-park.pdf">"Riis Park Brochure"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Transit_Authority" title="New York City Transit Authority">New York City Transit Authority</a>. 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817183747/http://npshistory.com/brochures/gate/riis-park.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riis+Park+Brochure&rft.pub=Gateway+National+Recreation+Area%2C+New+York+City+Transit+Authority&rft.date=1985&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnpshistory.com%2Fbrochures%2Fgate%2Friis-park.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-RPA-May1932-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-Riis-RPA-May1932_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-Riis-RPA-May1932_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-Riis-RPA-May1932_56-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59972377/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22">"Would Add Ft. Tilden To Riis Acreage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. May 2, 1932. p. 25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802032856/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59972377/?terms=%22riis+park%22">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Would+Add+Ft.+Tilden+To+Riis+Acreage&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1932-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F59972377%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522riis%252Bpark%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/08/25/archives/to-weigh-riis-park-plans-benninger-architects-and-park-association.html">"TO WEIGH RIIS PARK PLANS; Benninger, Architects and Park Association Officers Meet Tomorrow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. August 25, 1931. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215737/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/08/25/archives/to-weigh-riis-park-plans-benninger-architects-and-park-association.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=TO+WEIGH+RIIS+PARK+PLANS%3B+Benninger%2C+Architects+and+Park+Association+Officers+Meet+Tomorrow&rft.date=1931-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F08%2F25%2Farchives%2Fto-weigh-riis-park-plans-benninger-architects-and-park-association.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59972233/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22">"Would Connect Riis Park Area With Brooklyn"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. May 2, 1932. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802025539/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59972233/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Would+Connect+Riis+Park+Area+With+Brooklyn&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1932-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F59972233%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522riis%252Bpark%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Jun71937-59"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Jun71937_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1937/06/07/archives/beach-at-riis-park-to-open-on-june-19-attractive-seaside-resort-has.html">"BEACH AT RIIS PARK TO OPEN ON JUNE 19; Attractive Seaside Resort Has Been Created on Former Waste of Sand Dunes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 7, 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322094814/https://www.nytimes.com/1937/06/07/archives/beach-at-riis-park-to-open-on-june-19-attractive-seaside-resort-has.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=BEACH+AT+RIIS+PARK+TO+OPEN+ON+JUNE+19%3B+Attractive+Seaside+Resort+Has+Been+Created+on+Former+Waste+of+Sand+Dunes&rft.date=1937-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1937%2F06%2F07%2Farchives%2Fbeach-at-riis-park-to-open-on-june-19-attractive-seaside-resort-has.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201937%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201937%2520-%25206231.pdf%23xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D15c47240%26DocId%3D4839962%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520U%252dF%252dP%26HitCount%3D10%26hits%3D53a%2B53b%2B54f%2B550%2B557%2B558%2B575%2B576%2B1290%2B1291%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201937%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201937%2520-%25206231.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D15c47240%26DocId%3D4839962%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520U%252dF%252dP%26HitCount%3D10%26hits%3D53a%2B53b%2B54f%2B550%2B557%2B558%2B575%2B576%2B1290%2B1291%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">"Park Revenue Shows Gain: Marked Increase Reported in Attendance"</a>. Long Island Daily Press. <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>. September 27, 1937. p. 2. Retrieved July 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+Island+Daily+Press&rft.atitle=Park+Revenue+Shows+Gain%3A+Marked+Increase+Reported+in+Attendance&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1937-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252014%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201937%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201937%252520-%2525206231.pdf%2523xml%253Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253D15c47240%2526DocId%253D4839962%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520U%25252dF%25252dP%2526HitCount%253D10%2526hits%253D53a%252B53b%252B54f%252B550%252B557%252B558%252B575%252B576%252B1290%252B1291%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26uri%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252014%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201937%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201937%252520-%2525206231.pdf%26xml%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253D15c47240%2526DocId%253D4839962%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520U%25252dF%25252dP%2526HitCount%253D10%2526hits%253D53a%252B53b%252B54f%252B550%252B557%252B558%252B575%252B576%252B1290%252B1291%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26openFirstHlPage%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-JonesModel-Jun1937-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-JonesModel-Jun1937_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-JonesModel-Jun1937_61-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-JonesModel-Jun1937_61-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1937/06/20/archives/the-city-opens-two-new-bathing-areas-on-the-jones-beach-model.html">"The City Opens Two New Bathing Areas on the Jones Beach Model"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 20, 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180226110440/https://www.nytimes.com/1937/06/20/archives/the-city-opens-two-new-bathing-areas-on-the-jones-beach-model.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+City+Opens+Two+New+Bathing+Areas+on+the+Jones+Beach+Model&rft.date=1937-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1937%2F06%2F20%2Farchives%2Fthe-city-opens-two-new-bathing-areas-on-the-jones-beach-model.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caro_1974-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caro_1974_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caro_1974_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaro1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Caro" title="Robert Caro">Caro, Robert</a> (1974). <a href="/wiki/The_Power_Broker" title="The Power Broker">The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York</a>. New York: Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-48076-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-48076-3"><bdi>978-0-394-48076-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/834874">834874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Power+Broker%3A+Robert+Moses+and+the+Fall+of+New+York&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F834874&rft.isbn=978-0-394-48076-3&rft.aulast=Caro&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1936/04/02/archives/riis-park-work-begun-beach-will-be-extended-north-of-the-original.html">"RIIS PARK WORK BEGUN; Beach Will Be Extended North of the Original Bulkhead"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. April 2, 1936. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180310205845/https://www.nytimes.com/1936/04/02/archives/riis-park-work-begun-beach-will-be-extended-north-of-the-original.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=RIIS+PARK+WORK+BEGUN%3B+Beach+Will+Be+Extended+North+of+the+Original+Bulkhead.&rft.date=1936-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1936%2F04%2F02%2Farchives%2Friis-park-work-begun-beach-will-be-extended-north-of-the-original.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rockawave-Q21BRiis-June1936-64"><a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-Q21BRiis-June1936_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201935-1936%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201935-1936%2520-%25200641.pdf">"New Bus Route Here: Express Service Between Brooklyn, Seaside and Riis Park, Monday"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. June 11, 1936. Retrieved January 12, 2016 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=New+Bus+Route+Here%3A+Express+Service+Between+Brooklyn%2C+Seaside+and+Riis+Park%2C+Monday.&rft.date=1936-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201935-1936%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201935-1936%252520-%2525200641.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LIDaily-GreenLinesAd-Aug1936-65"><a href="#cite_ref-LIDaily-GreenLinesAd-Aug1936_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201936%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201936%2520-%25204897.pdf">"Green Bus Lines Incorporated"</a> (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. August 24, 1936. p. 13. Retrieved January 12, 2016 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+Island+Daily+Press&rft.atitle=Green+Bus+Lines+Incorporated&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1936-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252014%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201936%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201936%252520-%2525204897.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Orchard-Open-Jun1937-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Orchard-Open-Jun1937_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Orchard-Open-Jun1937_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Orchard-Open-Jun1937_66-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Orchard-Open-Jun1937_66-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Orchard-Open-Jun1937_66-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1937/06/13/archives/two-new-beaches-to-open-saturday-orchard-in-pelham-bay-park.html">"TWO NEW BEACHES TO OPEN SATURDAY; Orchard, in Pelham Bay Park, Although Not Completed, Will Be Ready for Bathers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 13, 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215150/https://www.nytimes.com/1937/06/13/archives/two-new-beaches-to-open-saturday-orchard-in-pelham-bay-park.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=TWO+NEW+BEACHES+TO+OPEN+SATURDAY%3B+Orchard%2C+in+Pelham+Bay+Park%2C+Although+Not+Completed%2C+Will+Be+Ready+for+Bathers&rft.date=1937-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1937%2F06%2F13%2Farchives%2Ftwo-new-beaches-to-open-saturday-orchard-in-pelham-bay-park.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1937/06/16/archives/city-beach-openings-put-off.html">"City Beach Openings Put Off"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 16, 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180403205920/https://www.nytimes.com/1937/06/16/archives/city-beach-openings-put-off.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City+Beach+Openings+Put+Off&rft.date=1937-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1937%2F06%2F16%2Farchives%2Fcity-beach-openings-put-off.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E00E5DC1238E237A75755C2A9609C946694D6CF&legacy=true">"TWO CITY BEACHES OPEN FOR SEASON; Jacob Riis Park, on the Ocean, Attracts 2,500--Few Bathers Brave the Chilly Water 3,000 AT ORCHARD BEACH At Least 1,000 Try Swimming in Long Island Sound--Joint Capacity of 500,000 NEW YORK OPENS TWO NEW RECREATIONAL AREAS TO PUBLIC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 26, 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909053334/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E00E5DC1238E237A75755C2A9609C946694D6CF&legacy=true">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=TWO+CITY+BEACHES+OPEN+FOR+SEASON%3B+Jacob+Riis+Park%2C+on+the+Ocean%2C+Attracts+2%2C500--Few+Bathers+Brave+the+Chilly+Water+3%2C000+AT+ORCHARD+BEACH+At+Least+1%2C000+Try+Swimming+in+Long+Island+Sound--Joint+Capacity+of+500%2C000+NEW+YORK+OPENS+TWO+NEW+RECREATIONAL+AREAS+TO+PUBLIC&rft.date=1937-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9E00E5DC1238E237A75755C2A9609C946694D6CF%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1937/07/04/archives/new-riis-park-span-is-opened-by-mayor-he-pays-high-tribute-to-moses.html">"NEW RIIS PARK SPAN IS OPENED BY MAYOR; He Pays High Tribute to Moses at Dedication of Bridge Over Rockaway Inlet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. July 4, 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502140230/https://www.nytimes.com/1937/07/04/archives/new-riis-park-span-is-opened-by-mayor-he-pays-high-tribute-to-moses.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NEW+RIIS+PARK+SPAN+IS+OPENED+BY+MAYOR%3B+He+Pays+High+Tribute+to+Moses+at+Dedication+of+Bridge+Over+Rockaway+Inlet&rft.date=1937-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1937%2F07%2F04%2Farchives%2Fnew-riis-park-span-is-opened-by-mayor-he-pays-high-tribute-to-moses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1937/05/26/archives/marine-bridge-in-place-span-over-jamaica-inlet-to-be-open-to-public.html">"MARINE BRIDGE IN PLACE; Span Over Jamaica Inlet to Be Open to Public July 3"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. May 26, 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502212355/https://www.nytimes.com/1937/05/26/archives/marine-bridge-in-place-span-over-jamaica-inlet-to-be-open-to-public.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MARINE+BRIDGE+IN+PLACE%3B+Span+Over+Jamaica+Inlet+to+Be+Open+to+Public+July+3&rft.date=1937-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1937%2F05%2F26%2Farchives%2Fmarine-bridge-in-place-span-over-jamaica-inlet-to-be-open-to-public.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-GBLQ35-1937-71"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-GBLQ35-1937_71-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0F1FF8345E177A93C1A9178CD85F438385F9">Rockaway Bus Line Extends Service</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313223210/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0F1FF8345E177A93C1A9178CD85F438385F9">Archived</a> 2014-03-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, July 3, 1937, page 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-LIDaily-Riis-NewRecord-Jul1937-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LIDaily-Riis-NewRecord-Jul1937_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LIDaily-Riis-NewRecord-Jul1937_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201937%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201937%2520-%25204486.pdf%23xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dfffffffff0bded13%26DocId%3D4838245%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520U%252dF%252dP%26HitCount%3D12%26hits%3D444%2B445%2B476%2B477%2B499%2B49a%2B7fe%2B7ff%2B810%2B811%2B82e%2B82f%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201937%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201937%2520-%25204486.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dfffffffff0bded13%26DocId%3D4838245%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520U%252dF%252dP%26HitCount%3D12%26hits%3D444%2B445%2B476%2B477%2B499%2B49a%2B7fe%2B7ff%2B810%2B811%2B82e%2B82f%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">"Crowds Set New Record at Rockaways: 7,300,000 Visit Beaches in First 11 Days of July"</a>. Long Island Daily Press. <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>. July 15, 1937. p. 13. Retrieved July 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+Island+Daily+Press&rft.atitle=Crowds+Set+New+Record+at+Rockaways%3A+7%2C300%2C000+Visit+Beaches+in+First+11+Days+of+July&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1937-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252014%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201937%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201937%252520-%2525204486.pdf%2523xml%253Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253Dfffffffff0bded13%2526DocId%253D4838245%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520U%25252dF%25252dP%2526HitCount%253D12%2526hits%253D444%252B445%252B476%252B477%252B499%252B49a%252B7fe%252B7ff%252B810%252B811%252B82e%252B82f%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26uri%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252014%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201937%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201937%252520-%2525204486.pdf%26xml%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253Dfffffffff0bded13%2526DocId%253D4838245%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520U%25252dF%25252dP%2526HitCount%253D12%2526hits%253D444%252B445%252B476%252B477%252B499%252B49a%252B7fe%252B7ff%252B810%252B811%252B82e%252B82f%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26openFirstHlPage%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Department_of_Public_Service_Metropolitan_Division_Transit_Commission_1937-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Department_of_Public_Service_Metropolitan_Division_Transit_Commission_1937_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Department_of_Public_Service_Metropolitan_Division_Transit_Commission_1937_73-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3003287;view=1up;seq=181">Sixteenth Annual Report For the Calendar Year 1936</a>. Department of Public Service Metropolitan Division Transit Commission. 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511032609/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3003287;view=1up;seq=181">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sixteenth+Annual+Report+For+the+Calendar+Year+1936&rft.pub=Department+of+Public+Service+Metropolitan+Division+Transit+Commission&rft.date=1937&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.b3003287%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F05E4D6163DE23ABC4E53DFBE66838C629EDE&legacy=true">"FIREWORKS AT RIIS PARK; Displays Opening Tonight Will Take Place Each Friday in August"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. August 6, 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909053348/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F05E4D6163DE23ABC4E53DFBE66838C629EDE&legacy=true">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=FIREWORKS+AT+RIIS+PARK%3B+Displays+Opening+Tonight+Will+Take+Place+Each+Friday+in+August&rft.date=1937-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9F05E4D6163DE23ABC4E53DFBE66838C629EDE%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201938%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201938%2520-%25204501.pdf%23xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffff94c691b3%26DocId%3D4846907%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520U%252dF%252dP%26HitCount%3D8%26hits%3De08%2Be09%2Be40%2Be41%2B18ea%2B18eb%2B18f7%2B18f8%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201938%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201938%2520-%25204501.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffff94c691b3%26DocId%3D4846907%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520U%252dF%252dP%26HitCount%3D8%26hits%3De08%2Be09%2Be40%2Be41%2B18ea%2B18eb%2B18f7%2B18f8%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">"Riis Park Opens Miniature Course"</a>. Long Island Daily Press. <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>. May 14, 1938. p. 2. Retrieved July 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+Island+Daily+Press&rft.atitle=Riis+Park+Opens+Miniature+Course&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1938-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252014%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201938%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201938%252520-%2525204501.pdf%2523xml%253Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253Dffffffff94c691b3%2526DocId%253D4846907%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520U%25252dF%25252dP%2526HitCount%253D8%2526hits%253De08%252Be09%252Be40%252Be41%252B18ea%252B18eb%252B18f7%252B18f8%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26uri%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252014%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201938%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201938%252520-%2525204501.pdf%26xml%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253Dffffffff94c691b3%2526DocId%253D4846907%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520U%25252dF%25252dP%2526HitCount%253D8%2526hits%253De08%252Be09%252Be40%252Be41%252B18ea%252B18eb%252B18f7%252B18f8%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26openFirstHlPage%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-opened-76"><a href="#cite_ref-opened_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1940/06/29/archives/belt-road-to-open-to-traffic-today-in-the-30000000-belt-parkway.html">"Belt Road To Open to Traffic Today"</a>. The New York Times. June 29, 1940. p. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222205746/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/06/29/archives/belt-road-to-open-to-traffic-today-in-the-30000000-belt-parkway.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Belt+Road+To+Open+to+Traffic+Today&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1940-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1940%2F06%2F29%2Farchives%2Fbelt-road-to-open-to-traffic-today-in-the-30000000-belt-parkway.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BklynEagle-Riis-Clock-Mar1941-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-Riis-Clock-Mar1941_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-Riis-Clock-Mar1941_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-Riis-Clock-Mar1941_77-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-Riis-Clock-Mar1941_77-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52609315/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22%2B%22clock%22">"Famed Sidewalk Clock Is Moved to Riis Park"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. March 4, 1941. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802014057/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52609315/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22%2B%22clock%22">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Famed+Sidewalk+Clock+Is+Moved+to+Riis+Park&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1941-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F52609315%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522riis%252Bpark%2522%252B%2522clock%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955_78-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955_78-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955_78-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955_78-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955_78-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Neponsit-Moses-May1955_78-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman1955" class="citation news cs1">Freeman, Ira Henry (May 27, 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1955/05/27/archives/2-hospital-sites-sought-for-parks-moses-asks-estimate-board-for.html">"2 Hospital Sites Sought for Parks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. 25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902184607/http://www.nytimes.com/1955/05/27/archives/2-hospital-sites-sought-for-parks-moses-asks-estimate-board-for.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=2+Hospital+Sites+Sought+for+Parks&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1955-05-27&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Ira+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1955%2F05%2F27%2Farchives%2F2-hospital-sites-sought-for-parks-moses-asks-estimate-board-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1956/07/10/archives/city-loses-appeal-to-sell-land-around-old-neponsit-hospital.html">"City Loses Appeal to Sell Land Around Old Neponsit Hospital"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. July 10, 1956. p. 33. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806142618/http://www.nytimes.com/1956/07/10/archives/city-loses-appeal-to-sell-land-around-old-neponsit-hospital.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City+Loses+Appeal+to+Sell+Land+Around+Old+Neponsit+Hospital&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1956-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1956%2F07%2F10%2Farchives%2Fcity-loses-appeal-to-sell-land-around-old-neponsit-hospital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201955%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201955%2520-%25200401.pdf">"Neponsit Hospital Property To Be Used For New Homes"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. July 28, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved August 30, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=Neponsit+Hospital+Property+To+Be+Used+For+New+Homes&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1955-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201955%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201955%252520-%2525200401.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rockawave-Neponsit-Fence-Jun1955-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-Neponsit-Fence-Jun1955_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201955%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201955%2520-%25200293.pdf">"Neponsit Owners Fight Extension Of Riis Park: Object To Adding Neponsit Hospital Grounds To The Park Area; Say Extension Would Be Detrimental To Community And Nullify G-I Zone Effect"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. June 2, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved August 30, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=Neponsit+Owners+Fight+Extension+Of+Riis+Park%3A+Object+To+Adding+Neponsit+Hospital+Grounds+To+The+Park+Area%3B+Say+Extension+Would+Be+Detrimental+To+Community+And+Nullify+G-I+Zone+Effect&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1955-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201955%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201955%252520-%2525200293.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rockawave-HospStory-Last-May1956-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-HospStory-Last-May1956_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-HospStory-Last-May1956_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201956%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201956%2520-%25200293.pdf">"The Hospital Story: Court Says "Return Land To the Department of Parks"; Board of Estimate And Gerosa Say "Hands Off"; Rockawayites Have Some Ideas Also!"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. May 31, 1956. p. 1. Retrieved August 29, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=The+Hospital+Story%3A+Court+Says+%22Return+Land+To+the+Department+of+Parks%22%3B+Board+of+Estimate+And+Gerosa+Say+%22Hands+Off%22%3B+Rockawayites+Have+Some+Ideas+Also%21&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1956-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201956%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201956%252520-%2525200293.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201955%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201955%2520-%25207232.pdf">"Gerosa Doubts Tax Hike Need"</a> (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. October 25, 1955. p. 9. Retrieved August 29, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+Island+Star-Journal&rft.atitle=Gerosa+Doubts+Tax+Hike+Need&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1955-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252014%252FLong%252520Island%252520City%252520NY%252520Star%252520Journal%252FLong%252520Island%252520City%252520NY%252520Star%252520Journal%2525201955%252FLong%252520Island%252520City%252520NY%252520Star%252520Journal%2525201955%252520-%2525207232.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201955%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201955%2520-%25200305.pdf">"Neponsit Hospital Property Sale Favored By Park Assn"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. June 9, 1955. Retrieved August 30, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=Neponsit+Hospital+Property+Sale+Favored+By+Park+Assn.&rft.date=1955-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201955%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201955%252520-%2525200305.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett1955" class="citation news cs1">Bennett, Charles G. (July 22, 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1955/07/22/archives/moses-park-plann-killed-by-board-estimate-unit-led-by-gerosa-bars.html">"MOSES PARK PLANN KILLED BY BOARD; Estimate Unit, Led by Gerosa, Bars Conversion of Old Neponsit Hospital Site MOSES PARK PLAN KILLED BY BOARD"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. pp. 25, 43. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902190900/http://www.nytimes.com/1955/07/22/archives/moses-park-plann-killed-by-board-estimate-unit-led-by-gerosa-bars.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MOSES+PARK+PLANN+KILLED+BY+BOARD%3B+Estimate+Unit%2C+Led+by+Gerosa%2C+Bars+Conversion+of+Old+Neponsit+Hospital+Site+MOSES+PARK+PLAN+KILLED+BY+BOARD&rft.pages=25%2C+43&rft.date=1955-07-22&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Charles+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1955%2F07%2F22%2Farchives%2Fmoses-park-plann-killed-by-board-estimate-unit-led-by-gerosa-bars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Gerosa-Jul1955-86"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Neponsit-Gerosa-Jul1955_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1955/07/23/archives/gerosa-belittles-moses-sea-parks-in-letter-resenting-talk-of.html">"GEROSA BELITTLES MOSES' SEA PARKS; In Letter 'Resenting' Talk of 'Subdivision Boys' He Credits Nature's Bounty DRIVE TO SAVE NEPONSIT Civic Group Opens It Today With Petitions to Estimate Body to Reconsider Vote"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. July 23, 1955. p. 19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902185754/http://www.nytimes.com/1955/07/23/archives/gerosa-belittles-moses-sea-parks-in-letter-resenting-talk-of.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=GEROSA+BELITTLES+MOSES%27+SEA+PARKS%3B+In+Letter+%27Resenting%27+Talk+of+%27Subdivision+Boys%27+He+Credits+Nature%27s+Bounty+DRIVE+TO+SAVE+NEPONSIT+Civic+Group+Opens+It+Today+With+Petitions+to+Estimate+Body+to+Reconsider+Vote&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1955-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1955%2F07%2F23%2Farchives%2Fgerosa-belittles-moses-sea-parks-in-letter-resenting-talk-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1955/08/06/archives/moses-steps-up-neponsit-attack-he-charges-shenanigans-in-citys-plan.html">"MOSES STEPS UP NEPONSIT ATTACK; He Charges 'Shenanigans' in City's Plan to Sell Site He Wants for Park WAGNER WILL TOUR AREA Commissioner Will Conduct Mayor on Trip Monday to Stress Need for Land"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. August 6, 1955. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902190851/http://www.nytimes.com/1955/08/06/archives/moses-steps-up-neponsit-attack-he-charges-shenanigans-in-citys-plan.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MOSES+STEPS+UP+NEPONSIT+ATTACK%3B+He+Charges+%27Shenanigans%27+in+City%27s+Plan+to+Sell+Site+He+Wants+for+Park+WAGNER+WILL+TOUR+AREA+Commissioner+Will+Conduct+Mayor+on+Trip+Monday+to+Stress+Need+for+Land&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1955-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1955%2F08%2F06%2Farchives%2Fmoses-steps-up-neponsit-attack-he-charges-shenanigans-in-citys-plan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett1955" class="citation news cs1">Bennett, Charles G. (August 30, 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1955/08/30/archives/moses-in-retort-belabors-gerosa-accuses-controller-of-plan-to-sell.html">"MOSES, IN RETORT, BELABORS GEROSA; Accuses Controller of Plan 'to Sell Off City Parks to Balance the Budget' NOT SO, SAYS OPPONENT Wagner to Ask That Board Reconsider Its 10-6 Vote to Sell Neponsit Site"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. 29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902190818/http://www.nytimes.com/1955/08/30/archives/moses-in-retort-belabors-gerosa-accuses-controller-of-plan-to-sell.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MOSES%2C+IN+RETORT%2C+BELABORS+GEROSA%3B+Accuses+Controller+of+Plan+%27to+Sell+Off+City+Parks+to+Balance+the+Budget%27+NOT+SO%2C+SAYS+OPPONENT+Wagner+to+Ask+That+Board+Reconsider+Its+10-6+Vote+to+Sell+Neponsit+Site&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1955-08-30&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Charles+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1955%2F08%2F30%2Farchives%2Fmoses-in-retort-belabors-gerosa-accuses-controller-of-plan-to-sell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Convert-Oct1956-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Neponsit-Convert-Oct1956_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Neponsit-Convert-Oct1956_89-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett1956" class="citation news cs1">Bennett, Charles G. (October 16, 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1956/10/16/archives/city-may-convert-neponsit-facility-wagner-and-stark-propose.html">"CITY MAY CONVERT NEPONSIT FACILITY; Wagner and Stark Propose Abandoned Hospital Be Made Home for Aged PLAN WOULD END FEUD It Is Favored by Both Sides in the Court Fight Over Disposition of Site Park Development Planned"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. 35. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902180646/http://www.nytimes.com/1956/10/16/archives/city-may-convert-neponsit-facility-wagner-and-stark-propose.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=CITY+MAY+CONVERT+NEPONSIT+FACILITY%3B+Wagner+and+Stark+Propose+Abandoned+Hospital+Be+Made+Home+for+Aged+PLAN+WOULD+END+FEUD+It+Is+Favored+by+Both+Sides+in+the+Court+Fight+Over+Disposition+of+Site+Park+Development+Planned&rft.pages=35&rft.date=1956-10-16&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Charles+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1956%2F10%2F16%2Farchives%2Fcity-may-convert-neponsit-facility-wagner-and-stark-propose.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1956/07/10/archives/city-loses-appeal-to-sell-land-around-old-neponsit-hospital.html">"City Loses Appeal to Sell Land Around Old Neponsit Hospital"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. July 10, 1956. p. 33. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806142618/http://www.nytimes.com/1956/07/10/archives/city-loses-appeal-to-sell-land-around-old-neponsit-hospital.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City+Loses+Appeal+to+Sell+Land+Around+Old+Neponsit+Hospital&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1956-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1956%2F07%2F10%2Farchives%2Fcity-loses-appeal-to-sell-land-around-old-neponsit-hospital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-NeponsitAged-Aug1961-91"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-NeponsitAged-Aug1961_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1961/08/02/archives/city-is-set-to-open-new-home-for-aged.html">"CITY IS SET TO OPEN NEW HOME FOR AGED"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. August 2, 1961. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215600/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/08/02/archives/city-is-set-to-open-new-home-for-aged.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=CITY+IS+SET+TO+OPEN+NEW+HOME+FOR+AGED&rft.date=1961-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1961%2F08%2F02%2Farchives%2Fcity-is-set-to-open-new-home-for-aged.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LIStar-NeponsitAged-Jun1958-92"><a href="#cite_ref-LIStar-NeponsitAged-Jun1958_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201958%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201958%2520-%25203903.pdf">"City to Build Home for Aged"</a> (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. June 3, 1958. p. 2. Retrieved August 29, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+Island+Star-Journal&rft.atitle=City+to+Build+Home+for+Aged&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1958-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252014%252FLong%252520Island%252520City%252520NY%252520Star%252520Journal%252FLong%252520Island%252520City%252520NY%252520Star%252520Journal%2525201958%252FLong%252520Island%252520City%252520NY%252520Star%252520Journal%2525201958%252520-%2525203903.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rockawave-Neponsit-Feb1959-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-Neponsit-Feb1959_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201959%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201959%2520-%25200079.pdf">"Neponsit Home For The Aged Gets Green Light By Board Of Estimate"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. February 19, 1959. Retrieved August 29, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=Neponsit+Home+For+The+Aged+Gets+Green+Light+By+Board+Of+Estimate&rft.date=1959-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201959%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201959%252520-%2525200079.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1962/05/31/archives/youth-18-fatally-stabbed-friend-knifed-at-riis-park.html">"Youth, 18, Fatally Stabbed, Friend Knifed at Riis Park"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. May 31, 1962. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502141227/https://www.nytimes.com/1962/05/31/archives/youth-18-fatally-stabbed-friend-knifed-at-riis-park.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Youth%2C+18%2C+Fatally+Stabbed%2C+Friend+Knifed+at+Riis+Park&rft.date=1962-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1962%2F05%2F31%2Farchives%2Fyouth-18-fatally-stabbed-friend-knifed-at-riis-park.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-BetterImage-Sep1991-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-BetterImage-Sep1991_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-BetterImage-Sep1991_95-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-BetterImage-Sep1991_95-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-BetterImage-Sep1991_95-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-BetterImage-Sep1991_95-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorch1991" class="citation news cs1">Lorch, Donatella (September 7, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/07/nyregion/giving-riis-the-forgotten-park-a-better-image.html?mcubz=0">"Giving Riis, the Forgotten Park, a Better Image"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909053455/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/07/nyregion/giving-riis-the-forgotten-park-a-better-image.html?mcubz=0">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Giving+Riis%2C+the+Forgotten+Park%2C+a+Better+Image&rft.date=1991-09-07&rft.aulast=Lorch&rft.aufirst=Donatella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F09%2F07%2Fnyregion%2Fgiving-riis-the-forgotten-park-a-better-image.html%3Fmcubz%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis_Park-Jun1981_96-25">z</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/11ef6c1e-756e-4814-87e6-9082f66cb9c8">"National Register of Historic Inventory - Nomination Form For Federal Properties: Jacob Riis Park Historic District (Gateway NRA)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. June 17, 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909052040/https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/11ef6c1e-756e-4814-87e6-9082f66cb9c8">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Inventory+-+Nomination+Form+For+Federal+Properties%3A+Jacob+Riis+Park+Historic+District+%28Gateway+NRA%29&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+the+Interior%2C+National+Park+Service&rft.date=1981-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FGetAsset%2F11ef6c1e-756e-4814-87e6-9082f66cb9c8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-RFP-2016_97-12">m</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/gate/getinvolved/upload/Riis_11_9_2016b.pdf">"Request for Proposals Jacob Riis Park"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205131943/https://www.nps.gov/gate/getinvolved/upload/Riis_11_9_2016b.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Request+for+Proposals+Jacob+Riis+Park&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fgate%2Fgetinvolved%2Fupload%2FRiis_11_9_2016b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Riis-Gateway-Focus-Feb1974-98"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Riis-Gateway-Focus-Feb1974_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBird1974" class="citation news cs1">Bird, David (February 3, 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E06EED8113EEE37A25750C0A9649C946590D6CF&legacy=true">"Gateway Planners Focus on Riis Park; Vandallsm a Problem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. 77. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909052243/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E06EED8113EEE37A25750C0A9649C946590D6CF&legacy=true">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gateway+Planners+Focus+on+Riis+Park%3B+Vandallsm+a+Problem&rft.pages=77&rft.date=1974-02-03&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9E06EED8113EEE37A25750C0A9649C946590D6CF%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/16/archives/nudists-in-riis-park-warned-of-closing-by-us-magistrate.html">"Nudists in Riis Park Warned Of Closing by U.S. Magistrate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. July 18, 1974. 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Retrieved September 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=It+Was+a+Dayof+Comfort%2C+In+the+Nude+or+Clothed&rft.date=1974-07-22&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Michael+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F07%2F22%2Farchives%2Fit-was-a-day-of-comfort-in-the-nude-or-clothed-officer-questioned.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/25/archives/council-bill-would-bar-sunbathing-in-the-nude.html">"Council Bill Would Bar Sunbathing in the Nude"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. July 25, 1974. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909054910/http://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/25/archives/council-bill-would-bar-sunbathing-in-the-nude.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Council+Bill+Would+Bar+Sunbathing+in+the+Nude&rft.date=1974-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F07%2F25%2Farchives%2Fcouncil-bill-would-bar-sunbathing-in-the-nude.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/27/nyregion/nude-sunbathing-at-riis-park-is-banned-by-new-state-law.html">"Nude Sunbathing at Riis Park Is Banned by New State Law"</a>. The New York Times. June 27, 1983. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314213813/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/27/nyregion/nude-sunbathing-at-riis-park-is-banned-by-new-state-law.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nude+Sunbathing+at+Riis+Park+Is+Banned+by+New+State+Law&rft.date=1983-06-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F06%2F27%2Fnyregion%2Fnude-sunbathing-at-riis-park-is-banned-by-new-state-law.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/30/archives/riis-park-is-closed-to-water-activities-because-of-sewage.html">"Riis Park is Closed To Water Activities Because of Sewage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 30, 1976. 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Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rockaway+Parks+Conceptual+Plan&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Parks+and+Recreation%2C+New+York+City+Economic+Development+Corporation&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Fpagefiles%2F71%2FConceptual-Plan-Final-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poor1910-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Poor1910_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Association_for_Improving_the_Condition_of_the_Poor1910" class="citation book cs1">New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UBs8AQAAMAAJ">Annual Report of the New-York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor</a>. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+New-York+Association+for+Improving+the+Condition+of+the+Poor&rft.date=1910&rft.au=New+York+Association+for+Improving+the+Condition+of+the+Poor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUBs8AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCPk-BeachHistory-176"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCPk-BeachHistory_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycgovparks.org/about/history/beaches/city-owned-beaches">"History of City–Owned Beaches"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909052514/https://www.nycgovparks.org/about/history/beaches/city-owned-beaches">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+City%E2%80%93Owned+Beaches&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Parks+and+Recreation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fbeaches%2Fcity-owned-beaches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gateway-Greenway-177"><a href="#cite_ref-Gateway-Greenway_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/13820/dot_13820_DS1.pdf">"Gateway National Recreation Area, Jamaica Bay Unit Jamaica Bay Greenway Missing Links Study"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">United States Department of Transportation</a>. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909052409/https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/13820/dot_13820_DS1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gateway+National+Recreation+Area%2C+Jamaica+Bay+Unit+Jamaica+Bay+Greenway+Missing+Links+Study&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+the+Interior%2C+National+Park+Service%2C+United+States+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosap.ntl.bts.gov%2Fview%2Fdot%2F13820%2Fdot_13820_DS1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BklynEagle-RiisBath-Aug1930-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-RiisBath-Aug1930_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BklynEagle-RiisBath-Aug1930_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/58063329/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22">"Bathing Pavilion Proposed for Jacob Riis Park in Rockaways"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. August 24, 1930. p. 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802024632/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/58063329/?terms=%22riis%2Bpark%22">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Bathing+Pavilion+Proposed+for+Jacob+Riis+Park+in+Rockaways&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1930-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F58063329%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522riis%252Bpark%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rockawave-Riis-Pavilion-Aug1932-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-Riis-Pavilion-Aug1932_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rockawave-Riis-Pavilion-Aug1932_179-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201926%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201926%2520-%25205535.pdf">"New Pavilion Dedicated Saturday; Absence Of Walker Disappointing"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. August 11, 1932. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902213815/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2021/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201926/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201926%20-%205535.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved September 6, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=New+Pavilion+Dedicated+Saturday%3B+Absence+Of+Walker+Disappointing&rft.date=1932-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201926%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201926%252520-%2525205535.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gateway-Bay9Mall-RFP-2014-180"><a href="#cite_ref-Gateway-Bay9Mall-RFP-2014_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/gate/learn/management/upload/Bay-9-RFP-2014_for-web.pdf">"Gateway National Recreation Area Bay 9/ East Mall Building 2014 Request for Proposals"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170217134510/https://www.nps.gov/gate/learn/management/upload/Bay-9-RFP-2014_for-web.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 17, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gateway+National+Recreation+Area+Bay+9%2F+East+Mall+Building+2014+Request+for+Proposals&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+the+Interior%2C+National+Park+Service&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fgate%2Flearn%2Fmanagement%2Fupload%2FBay-9-RFP-2014_for-web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LIDaily-Riis-LockerRooms-Nov1936-181">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LIDaily-Riis-LockerRooms-Nov1936_181-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LIDaily-Riis-LockerRooms-Nov1936_181-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LIDaily-Riis-LockerRooms-Nov1936_181-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201936%2FJamaica%2520NY%2520Long%2520Island%2520Daily%2520Press%25201936%2520-%25206882.pdf">"Locker Rooms at Riis Park Made Larger: Facilities at Queens Beach"</a> (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. November 13, 1936. p. 23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902213921/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2014/Jamaica%20NY%20Long%20Island%20Daily%20Press/Jamaica%20NY%20Long%20Island%20Daily%20Press%201936/Jamaica%20NY%20Long%20Island%20Daily%20Press%201936%20-%206882.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved September 4, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+Island+Daily+Press&rft.atitle=Locker+Rooms+at+Riis+Park+Made+Larger%3A+Facilities+at+Queens+Beach&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1936-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252014%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201936%252FJamaica%252520NY%252520Long%252520Island%252520Daily%252520Press%2525201936%252520-%2525206882.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mta.info/news/2014/06/04/mta%E2%80%99s-bridge-beach">"MTA's Bridge To The Beach"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>. June 4, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909094955/http://www.mta.info/news/2014/06/04/mta%E2%80%99s-bridge-beach">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metropolitan+Transportation+Authority&rft.atitle=MTA%27s+Bridge+To+The+Beach&rft.date=2014-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mta.info%2Fnews%2F2014%2F06%2F04%2Fmta%25E2%2580%2599s-bridge-beach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mta.info/bandt/html/marine.html">"Marine Parkway-Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909052646/http://web.mta.info/bandt/html/marine.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Parkway-Gil+Hodges+Memorial+Bridge&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Transportation+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mta.info%2Fbandt%2Fhtml%2Fmarine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%25205%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%25201937%2520Grayscale%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%25201937%2520Grayscale%2520-%25205398.pdf">"New Riis Park At Rockaway Opens on 19th"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>. June 7, 1937. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902213816/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%205/Brooklyn%20NY%20Daily%20Eagle/Brooklyn%20NY%20Daily%20Eagle%201937%20Grayscale/Brooklyn%20NY%20Daily%20Eagle%201937%20Grayscale%20-%205398.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved September 4, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=New+Riis+Park+At+Rockaway+Opens+on+19th&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1937-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%2525205%252FBrooklyn%252520NY%252520Daily%252520Eagle%252FBrooklyn%252520NY%252520Daily%252520Eagle%2525201937%252520Grayscale%252FBrooklyn%252520NY%252520Daily%252520Eagle%2525201937%252520Grayscale%252520-%2525205398.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2520-%25200188.pdf%23xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffff9f4860d5%26DocId%3D9316798%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D14%26hits%3D25%2B26%2B27%2B8c%2B8d%2B8e%2Ba1%2Ba2%2B122%2B123%2B189%2B18a%2B1a1%2B1a2%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2520-%25200188.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffff9f4860d5%26DocId%3D9316798%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D14%26hits%3D25%2B26%2B27%2B8c%2B8d%2B8e%2Ba1%2Ba2%2B122%2B123%2B189%2B18a%2B1a1%2B1a2%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">"Improved Fire Protection For West End"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>. April 18, 1057. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902213816/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2021/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201957/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201957%20-%200188.pdf#xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffff9f4860d5%26DocId%3D9316798%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D14%26hits%3D25%2B26%2B27%2B8c%2B8d%2B8e%2Ba1%2Ba2%2B122%2B123%2B189%2B18a%2B1a1%2B1a2%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2520-%25200188.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffff9f4860d5%26DocId%3D9316798%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D14%26hits%3D25%2B26%2B27%2B8c%2B8d%2B8e%2Ba1%2Ba2%2B122%2B123%2B189%2B18a%2B1a1%2B1a2%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=Improved+Fire+Protection+For+West+End&rft.date=1057&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201957%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201957%252520-%2525200188.pdf%2523xml%253Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253Dffffffff9f4860d5%2526DocId%253D9316798%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520I%25252dE%25252dV%2526HitCount%253D14%2526hits%253D25%252B26%252B27%252B8c%252B8d%252B8e%252Ba1%252Ba2%252B122%252B123%252B189%252B18a%252B1a1%252B1a2%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26uri%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201957%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201957%252520-%2525200188.pdf%26xml%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253Dffffffff9f4860d5%2526DocId%253D9316798%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520I%25252dE%25252dV%2526HitCount%253D14%2526hits%253D25%252B26%252B27%252B8c%252B8d%252B8e%252Ba1%252Ba2%252B122%252B123%252B189%252B18a%252B1a1%252B1a2%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26openFirstHlPage%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2520-%25200369.pdf%23xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffff9dedc175%26DocId%3D9316978%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D9%26hits%3D30e%2B30f%2B49a%2B49b%2B4ad%2B4ae%2B4af%2B4d5%2B4d6%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2520-%25200369.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffff9dedc175%26DocId%3D9316978%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D9%26hits%3D30e%2B30f%2B49a%2B49b%2B4ad%2B4ae%2B4af%2B4d5%2B4d6%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">"City To Build New Fire House: Land Obtained From Park Department; Will Serve West End Of Peninsula"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>. July 25, 1957. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902213904/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2021/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201957/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201957%20-%200369.pdf#xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffff9dedc175%26DocId%3D9316978%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D9%26hits%3D30e%2B30f%2B49a%2B49b%2B4ad%2B4ae%2B4af%2B4d5%2B4d6%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201957%2520-%25200369.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3Dffffffff9dedc175%26DocId%3D9316978%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D9%26hits%3D30e%2B30f%2B49a%2B49b%2B4ad%2B4ae%2B4af%2B4d5%2B4d6%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=City+To+Build+New+Fire+House%3A+Land+Obtained+From+Park+Department%3B+Will+Serve+West+End+Of+Peninsula&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1957-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201957%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201957%252520-%2525200369.pdf%2523xml%253Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253Dffffffff9dedc175%2526DocId%253D9316978%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520I%25252dE%25252dV%2526HitCount%253D9%2526hits%253D30e%252B30f%252B49a%252B49b%252B4ad%252B4ae%252B4af%252B4d5%252B4d6%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26uri%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201957%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201957%252520-%2525200369.pdf%26xml%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253Dffffffff9dedc175%2526DocId%253D9316978%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520I%25252dE%25252dV%2526HitCount%253D9%2526hits%253D30e%252B30f%252B49a%252B49b%252B4ad%252B4ae%252B4af%252B4d5%252B4d6%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26openFirstHlPage%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201963%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201963%2520-%25200009.pdf%23xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D58457d58%26DocId%3D9319592%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D7%26hits%3D47%2B48%2B49%2B6f%2B70%2B1cd%2B1ce%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201963%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201963%2520-%25200009.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D58457d58%26DocId%3D9319592%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D7%26hits%3D47%2B48%2B49%2B6f%2B70%2B1cd%2B1ce%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">"Rockaways Newest Fire Station Protects Homes And Important Military Facilities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>. January 3, 1963. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902214324/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2021/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201963/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201963%20-%200009.pdf#xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D58457d58%26DocId%3D9319592%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D7%26hits%3D47%2B48%2B49%2B6f%2B70%2B1cd%2B1ce%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201963%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201963%2520-%25200009.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D58457d58%26DocId%3D9319592%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D7%26hits%3D47%2B48%2B49%2B6f%2B70%2B1cd%2B1ce%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=Rockaways+Newest+Fire+Station+Protects+Homes+And+Important+Military+Facilities&rft.date=1963-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201963%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201963%252520-%2525200009.pdf%2523xml%253Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253D58457d58%2526DocId%253D9319592%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520I%25252dE%25252dV%2526HitCount%253D7%2526hits%253D47%252B48%252B49%252B6f%252B70%252B1cd%252B1ce%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26uri%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201963%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201963%252520-%2525200009.pdf%26xml%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253D58457d58%2526DocId%253D9319592%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520I%25252dE%25252dV%2526HitCount%253D7%2526hits%253D47%252B48%252B49%252B6f%252B70%252B1cd%252B1ce%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26openFirstHlPage%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2520-%25201537.pdf%23xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D55bac219%26DocId%3D9385429%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D4%26hits%3D3ef%2B3f0%2B3f6%2B3f7%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2520-%25201537.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D55bac219%26DocId%3D9385429%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D4%26hits%3D3ef%2B3f0%2B3f6%2B3f7%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">"City CLosing Three Sr. Citizen Centers: Area Losing Fire Unit Too"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>. November 13, 1975. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902214325/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2021/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201972-1975/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201972-1975%20-%201537.pdf#xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D55bac219%26DocId%3D9385429%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D4%26hits%3D3ef%2B3f0%2B3f6%2B3f7%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2520-%25201537.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D55bac219%26DocId%3D9385429%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D4%26hits%3D3ef%2B3f0%2B3f6%2B3f7%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=City+CLosing+Three+Sr.+Citizen+Centers%3A+Area+Losing+Fire+Unit+Too&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1975-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201972-1975%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201972-1975%252520-%2525201537.pdf%2523xml%253Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253D55bac219%2526DocId%253D9385429%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520I%25252dE%25252dV%2526HitCount%253D4%2526hits%253D3ef%252B3f0%252B3f6%252B3f7%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26uri%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201972-1975%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201972-1975%252520-%2525201537.pdf%26xml%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253D55bac219%2526DocId%253D9385429%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520I%25252dE%25252dV%2526HitCount%253D4%2526hits%253D3ef%252B3f0%252B3f6%252B3f7%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26openFirstHlPage%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2520-%25201570.pdf%23xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D58eae4e5%26DocId%3D9385462%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D3%26hits%3D16f%2B170%2B171%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2520-%25201570.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D58eae4e5%26DocId%3D9385462%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D3%26hits%3D16f%2B170%2B171%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">"Ladder Co. 171 In Neponsit Shut"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wave_of_Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave of Long Island">Wave of Long Island</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>. November 27, 1975. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230902214326/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2021/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201972-1975/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201972-1975%20-%201570.pdf#xml%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D58eae4e5%26DocId%3D9385462%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D3%26hits%3D16f%2B170%2B171%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&uri=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201972-1975%2520-%25201570.pdf&xml=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FdtSearch%2Fdtisapi6.dll%3Fcmd%3Dgetpdfhits%26u%3D58eae4e5%26DocId%3D9385462%26Index%3DZ%253a%255cIndex%2520I%252dE%252dV%26HitCount%3D3%26hits%3D16f%2B170%2B171%2B%26SearchForm%3D%252fFulton%255fform%252ehtml%26.pdf&openFirstHlPage=false">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wave+of+Long+Island&rft.atitle=Ladder+Co.+171+In+Neponsit+Shut&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1975-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201972-1975%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201972-1975%252520-%2525201570.pdf%2523xml%253Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253D58eae4e5%2526DocId%253D9385462%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520I%25252dE%25252dV%2526HitCount%253D3%2526hits%253D16f%252B170%252B171%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26uri%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201972-1975%252FRockaway%252520Beach%252520NY%252520%252520Wave%252520Of%252520Long%252520Island%252520%2525201972-1975%252520-%2525201570.pdf%26xml%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FdtSearch%252Fdtisapi6.dll%253Fcmd%253Dgetpdfhits%2526u%253D58eae4e5%2526DocId%253D9385462%2526Index%253DZ%25253a%25255cIndex%252520I%25252dE%25252dV%2526HitCount%253D3%2526hits%253D16f%252B170%252B171%252B%2526SearchForm%253D%25252fFulton%25255fform%25252ehtml%2526.pdf%26openFirstHlPage%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Neponsit-Controversy-Nov2006-190"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Neponsit-Controversy-Nov2006_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilgannon2006" class="citation news cs1">Kilgannon, Corey (November 30, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/30/nyregion/30neponsit.html?mcubz=0">"In Queens, Closed Nursing Home Still Open to Controversy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902190749/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/30/nyregion/30neponsit.html?mcubz=0">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Queens%2C+Closed+Nursing+Home+Still+Open+to+Controversy&rft.date=2006-11-30&rft.aulast=Kilgannon&rft.aufirst=Corey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F11%2F30%2Fnyregion%2F30neponsit.html%3Fmcubz%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYDaily-Neponsit-AgeOld-Jun2003-191"><a href="#cite_ref-NYDaily-Neponsit-AgeOld-Jun2003_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGearty2003" class="citation news cs1">Gearty, Robert (June 3, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/city-pay-age-old-suit-5m-deal-nursing-home-shutdown-article-1.664416">"CITY TO PAY IN AGE-OLD SUIT 5M deal for nursing home shutdown"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902181139/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/city-pay-age-old-suit-5m-deal-nursing-home-shutdown-article-1.664416">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=CITY+TO+PAY+IN+AGE-OLD+SUIT+5M+deal+for+nursing+home+shutdown&rft.date=2003-06-03&rft.aulast=Gearty&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Farchives%2Fnews%2Fcity-pay-age-old-suit-5m-deal-nursing-home-shutdown-article-1.664416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalkaHannahamGuerreroFurticella2022" class="citation news cs1">Malka, Yael; Hannaham, James; Guerrero, Melissa; Furticella, Jeffrey; Curtis, Tanner; Lieberman, Rebecca (September 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/09/15/nyregion/jacob-riis-beach-nyc.html">"Is This the End of the People's Beach?"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317095517/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/09/15/nyregion/jacob-riis-beach-nyc.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved March 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Is+This+the+End+of+the+People%27s+Beach%3F&rft.date=2022-09-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Malka&rft.aufirst=Yael&rft.au=Hannaham%2C+James&rft.au=Guerrero%2C+Melissa&rft.au=Furticella%2C+Jeffrey&rft.au=Curtis%2C+Tanner&rft.au=Lieberman%2C+Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2022%2F09%2F15%2Fnyregion%2Fjacob-riis-beach-nyc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NBC_News_2022-193"><a href="#cite_ref-NBC_News_2022_193-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-news/lgbtq-beach-sanctum-faces-demolition-new-york-rcna51847">"LGBTQ beach sanctum faces demolition in New York"</a>. NBC News. October 13, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026020947/https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-news/lgbtq-beach-sanctum-faces-demolition-new-york-rcna51847">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=LGBTQ+beach+sanctum+faces+demolition+in+New+York&rft.date=2022-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnbc-out%2Fout-news%2Flgbtq-beach-sanctum-faces-demolition-new-york-rcna51847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS-Gateway-Maps-194">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Gateway-Maps_194-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Gateway-Maps_194-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/gate/planyourvisit/maps.htm">"Gateway National Recreation Area: Maps"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909053607/https://www.nps.gov/gate/planyourvisit/maps.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gateway+National+Recreation+Area%3A+Maps&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fgate%2Fplanyourvisit%2Fmaps.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-RiisPk-ClaimingSand-Aug2002-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-RiisPk-ClaimingSand-Aug2002_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-RiisPk-ClaimingSand-Aug2002_195-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/11/nyregion/neighborhood-report-riis-park-claiming-their-patches-of-sand.html?mcubz=0">"Neighborhood Report: Riis Park; Claiming Their Patches of Sand"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. August 11, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902190727/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/11/nyregion/neighborhood-report-riis-park-claiming-their-patches-of-sand.html?mcubz=0">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Neighborhood+Report%3A+Riis+Park%3B+Claiming+Their+Patches+of+Sand&rft.date=2002-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F08%2F11%2Fnyregion%2Fneighborhood-report-riis-park-claiming-their-patches-of-sand.html%3Fmcubz%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS-Riis-Segregation-196">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-Segregation_196-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS-Riis-Segregation_196-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamKomblum" class="citation web cs1">William, Terry; Komblum, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/gate/jacob_riss.pdf#page=11">"Segregation and Use at Riis Park"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606010934/https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/gate/jacob_riss.pdf#page=11">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 6, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Segregation+and+Use+at+Riis+Park&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.aulast=William&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.au=Komblum%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fparkhistory%2Fonline_books%2Fgate%2Fjacob_riss.pdf%23page%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYakas2018" class="citation news cs1">Yakas, Ben (October 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gothamist.com/news/ms-colombia-beloved-nyc-lgbtq-icon-found-dead-at-jacob-riis-beach">"Ms Colombia, Beloved NYC LGBTQ Icon, Found Dead At Jacob Riis Beach"</a>. Gothamist. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230625175714/https://gothamist.com/news/ms-colombia-beloved-nyc-lgbtq-icon-found-dead-at-jacob-riis-beach">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gothamist&rft.atitle=Ms+Colombia%2C+Beloved+NYC+LGBTQ+Icon%2C+Found+Dead+At+Jacob+Riis+Beach&rft.date=2018-10-14&rft.aulast=Yakas&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgothamist.com%2Fnews%2Fms-colombia-beloved-nyc-lgbtq-icon-found-dead-at-jacob-riis-beach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIezzi2022" class="citation news cs1">Iezzi, Annie (August 29, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecity.nyc/2022/8/29/23328007/queer-riis-beachgoers-celebrate-lgbtq-community-as-demolition-of-nearby-hospital-looms">"Queer Riis Beachgoers Celebrate Community as Demolition of Nearby Hospital Looms"</a>. The City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230625175726/https://www.thecity.nyc/2022/8/29/23328007/queer-riis-beachgoers-celebrate-lgbtq-community-as-demolition-of-nearby-hospital-looms">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+City&rft.atitle=Queer+Riis+Beachgoers+Celebrate+Community+as+Demolition+of+Nearby+Hospital+Looms&rft.date=2022-08-29&rft.aulast=Iezzi&rft.aufirst=Annie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecity.nyc%2F2022%2F8%2F29%2F23328007%2Fqueer-riis-beachgoers-celebrate-lgbtq-community-as-demolition-of-nearby-hospital-looms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Riis+Park" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MTABusTime-Q22-199">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MTABusTime-Q22_199-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MTABusTime-Q22_199-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MTABusTime-Q22_199-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bustime.mta.info/#Q22">"MTA Bus Time: Q22 Rockaway Beach Blvd - Beach Channel Dr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">mta.info</a>. <a href="/wiki/MTA_Bus_Time" title="MTA Bus Time">MTA Bus Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151107093818/http://bustime.mta.info/#Q22">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2015. 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plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jacob_Riis_Park" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jacob Riis Park">Jacob Riis Park</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyharborparks.org/visit/jari.html">Jacob Riis Park</a> Visitor information</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/gate/index.htm">Gateway National Recreation Area</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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States">Federal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Sites (United States)">National Historic Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side_Tenement_Museum" title="Lower East Side Tenement Museum">Lower East Side Tenement Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Birthplace_National_Historic_Site" title="Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site">Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National monuments and memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Burial_Ground_National_Monument" title="African Burial Ground National Monument">African Burial Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Grant_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="General Grant National Memorial">General Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island_National_Monument" title="Governors Island National Monument">Governors Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Grange_National_Memorial" title="Hamilton Grange National Memorial">Hamilton Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_National_Monument" title="Statue of Liberty National Monument">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_National_Monument" title="Stonewall National Monument">Stonewall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_recreation_area" title="National recreation area">National recreation areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area#Jamaica_Bay_Unit" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area - Jamaica Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Bennett_Field" title="Floyd Bennett Field">Floyd Bennett Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tilden" title="Fort Tilden">Fort Tilden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge">Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacob Riis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area#Staten_Island_Unit" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area - Staten Island</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wadsworth" title="Fort Wadsworth">Fort Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Kills_Park" title="Great Kills Park">Great Kills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoffman_Island" title="Hoffman Island">Hoffman Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller_Field_(Staten_Island)" title="Miller Field (Staten Island)">Miller Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinburne_Island" title="Swinburne Island">Swinburne Island</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#88C65A;"><div id="State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Office_of_Parks,_Recreation_and_Historic_Preservation" title="New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation">State Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayswater_Point_State_Park" title="Bayswater Point State Park">Bayswater Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Pit_Ponds_State_Park_Preserve" title="Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve">Clay Pit Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Four_Freedoms_Park" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park">Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gantry_Plaza_State_Park" title="Gantry Plaza State Park">Gantry Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_P._Johnson_State_Park" title="Marsha P. Johnson State Park">Marsha P. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverbank_State_Park" title="Riverbank State Park">Riverbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Clemente_State_Park" title="Roberto Clemente State Park">Roberto Clemente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm_State_Park" title="Shirley Chisholm State Park">Shirley Chisholm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Environmental_Conservation" title="New York State Department of Environmental Conservation">State recreation lands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Loretto_Unique_Area" title="Mount Loretto Unique Area">Mount Loretto Unique Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udalls_Cove" title="Udalls Cove">Udalls Cove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#88C65A;"><div id="City_parks_and_preserves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of New York City parks">City parks and preserves</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_Boat_Basin" title="79th Street Boat Basin">79th Street Boat Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe_Lebewohl_Park" title="Abe Lebewohl Park">Abe Lebewohl Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abingdon_Square_Park" title="Abingdon Square Park">Abingdon Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Capsouto_Park" title="Albert Capsouto Park">Albert Capsouto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Asphalt_Plant" title="Municipal Asphalt Plant">Asphalt Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asser_Levy_Recreation_Center" title="Asser Levy Recreation Center">Asser Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Battery_(Manhattan)" title="The Battery (Manhattan)">Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Boulevard" title="Hudson Boulevard">Bella Abzug (Hudson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue_South_Park" title="Bellevue South Park">Bellevue South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Bennett Park (New York City)">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_September_11th_Garden" title="Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden">British Garden at Hanover Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_(New_York_City)" title="Bowling Green (New York City)">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Park" title="Bryant Park">Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Patrick_J._Brown_Walk" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Patrick J. Brown Walk">Captain Patrick J. Brown Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz_Park" title="Carl Schurz Park">Carl Schurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross_Playground" title="Diana Ross Playground">Diana Ross Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lawn_and_Turtle_Pond" title="Great Lawn and Turtle Pond">Great Lawn Rec Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckscher_Playground" title="Heckscher Playground">Heckscher Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Woods_and_North_Meadow" title="North Woods and North Meadow">North Meadow Rec Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarr_Family_Playground" title="Tarr Family Playground">Tarr Family Playground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Park" title="Chelsea Park">Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall_Park" title="City Hall Park">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleman_Playground" title="Coleman Playground">Coleman Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collect_Pond" title="Collect Pond">Collect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Columbus Park (Manhattan)">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corlears_Hook" class="mw-redirect" title="Corlears Hook">Corlears Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Plaza" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza">Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damrosch_Park" title="Damrosch Park">Damrosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Park" title="Dante Park">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeSalvio_Playground" title="DeSalvio Playground">DeSalvio Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton_Park" title="DeWitt Clinton Park">DeWitt Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumgoole_Plaza" title="Drumgoole Plaza">Drumgoole Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Park" title="Duane Park">Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_River_Greenway" title="East River Greenway">East River Greenway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_River_Esplanade" class="mw-redirect" title="East River Esplanade">East River Esplanade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_River_Park" title="East River Park">East River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_42_(East_River)" title="Pier 42 (East River)">Pier 42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Cove_Park" title="Stuyvesant Cove Park">Stuyvesant Cove</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_H._Berger_Plaza" title="Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza">Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Demo_Square" title="Father Demo Square">Father Demo Square</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finn_Square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finn Square (page does not exist)">Finn Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foley_Square" title="Foley Square">Foley Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tryon_Park" title="Fort Tryon Park">Fort Tryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Fort Washington Park (Manhattan)">Fort Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorman_Park" title="Gorman Park">Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenacre_Park" title="Greenacre Park">Greenacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish_Park" title="Hamilton Fish Park">Hamilton Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Square_(Manhattan)" title="Hanover Square (Manhattan)">Hanover Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_River_Park" title="Harlem River Park">Harlem River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell%27s_Kitchen_Park" title="Hell's Kitchen Park">Hell's Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herald_Square" title="Herald Square">Herald Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Line" title="High Line">High Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highbridge_Park" title="Highbridge Park">Highbridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_George_Amusement_Park" title="Fort George Amusement Park">Fort George Seating Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holcombe_Rucker_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holcombe Rucker Park (page does not exist)">Holcombe Rucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Park" title="Hudson River Park">Hudson River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilka_Tanya_Pay%C3%A1n_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilka Tanya Payán Park">Ilka Tanya Payán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination_Playground" title="Imagination Playground">Imagination Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park" title="Inwood Hill Park">Inwood Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isham_Park" title="Isham Park">Isham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Hood_Wright_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay Hood Wright Park">J. Hood Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson_Park" title="Jackie Robinson Park">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Square_Park" title="Jackson Square Park">Jackson Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay_Park" title="John Jay Park">John Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Park" title="Liberty Park">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Island_at_Pier_55" title="Little Island at Pier 55">Little Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Cuvillier_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Cuvillier Park">Louis Cuvillier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison Square">Madison Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Waterfront_Greenway" title="Manhattan Waterfront Greenway">Manhattan Waterfront Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Playground" title="MacArthur Playground">MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey_Park" title="Marcus Garvey Park">Marcus Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKenna_Square" title="McKenna Square">McKenna Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Millennium Park (Manhattan)">Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Rock" title="Mill Rock">Mill Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Square_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitchell Square Park">Mitchell Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montefiore_Square" title="Montefiore Square">Montefiore Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Morningside Park (Manhattan)">Morningside</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murphy%27s_Brother%27s_Playground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murphy's Brother's Playground (page does not exist)">Murphy's Brother's Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscota_Marsh" title="Muscota Marsh">Muscota Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Road_Park" title="Open Road Park">Open Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paley_Park" title="Paley Park">Paley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peretz_Square" title="Peretz Square">Peretz Square</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Cooper_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Cooper Park (page does not exist)">Peter Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Detmold_Park" title="Peter Detmold Park">Peter Detmold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Lafayette" title="Plaza Lafayette">Plaza Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_September_11th_Garden" title="Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden">Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randalls_and_Wards_Islands" title="Randalls and Wards Islands">Randalls Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Tucker_Square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Tucker Square (page does not exist)">Richard Tucker Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Park (Manhattan)">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses_Playground" title="Robert Moses Playground">Robert Moses Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roosevelt_Triangle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roosevelt Triangle (page does not exist)">Roosevelt Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rucker_Park" title="Rucker Park">Rucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakura_Park" title="Sakura Park">Sakura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_N._Bennerson_2nd_Playground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel N. Bennerson 2nd Playground (page does not exist)">Samuel N. Bennerson 2nd Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Delano_Roosevelt_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Sara Delano Roosevelt Park">Sara Delano Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesimo_Uno" title="Septuagesimo Uno">Septuagesimo Uno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Seward Park (Manhattan)">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheridan Square">Sheridan Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Square" title="Sherman Square">Sherman Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Street_Park" title="Spring Street Park">Spring Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Park" title="St. John's Park">St. John's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Park" title="St. Nicholas Park">St. Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vartan_Park" title="St. Vartan Park">St. Vartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straus_Park" title="Straus Park">Straus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Square" title="Stuyvesant Square">Stuyvesant Square</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swindler_Cove_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swindler Cove Park (page does not exist)">Swindler Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teardrop_Park" title="Teardrop Park">Teardrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Park,_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Roosevelt Park, Manhattan">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Park" title="Thomas Jefferson Park">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Paine Park">Thomas Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompkins_Square_Park" title="Tompkins Square Park">Tompkins Square</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribeca_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribeca Park (page does not exist)">Tribeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Lie_Plaza" title="Trygve Lie Plaza">Trygve Lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdi_Square" title="Verdi Square">Verdi Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesuvio_Playground" title="Vesuvio Playground">Vesuvio Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Plaza" title="Vietnam Veterans Plaza">Vietnam Veterans Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_F._Albano_Jr._Playground" title="Vincent F. Albano Jr. Playground">Vincent F. Albano Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Park" title="Wagner Park">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randalls_and_Wards_Islands" title="Randalls and Wards Islands">Wards Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Market_Park" title="Washington Market Park">Washington Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Community_Garden" title="West Side Community Garden">West Side Community Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Harris_Garden" title="William A. Harris Garden">William A. Harris Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_Square" title="Winston Churchill Square">Winston Churchill Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuccotti_Park" title="Zuccotti Park">Zuccotti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/East_Bronx" title="East Bronx">East Bronx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicentennial_Veterans_Memorial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bicentennial Veterans Memorial Park (page does not exist)">Bicentennial Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castle_Hill_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castle Hill Park (page does not exist)">Castle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Island_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Island Wetlands (page does not exist)">City Island Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_Point_Park" title="Ferry Point Park">Ferry Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givans_Creek_Woods" title="Givans Creek Woods">Givans Creek Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haffen_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haffen Park (page does not exist)">Haffen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harding_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harding Park (page does not exist)">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Island" title="Hart Island">Hart Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magenta_Playground" title="Magenta Playground">Magenta Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelham_Bay_Park" title="Pelham Bay Park">Pelham Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Island_(Bronx)" title="Hunter Island (Bronx)">Hunter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Beach_(Bronx)" title="Orchard Beach (Bronx)">Orchard Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodman%27s_Neck" title="Rodman's Neck">Rodman's Neck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelham_Parkway" title="Pelham Parkway">Pelham Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugsley_Creek_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Pugsley Creek Park">Pugsley Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richman_(Echo)_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richman (Echo) Park (page does not exist)">Richman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seton_Falls_Park" title="Seton Falls Park">Seton Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seton_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seton Park (page does not exist)">Seton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soundview_Park" title="Soundview Park">Soundview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlight_Park" title="Starlight Park">Starlight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/West_Bronx" title="West Bronx">West Bronx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_Walk" title="Aqueduct Walk">Aqueduct Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Park_(Bronx)" title="Bridge Park (Bronx)">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronx_Park" title="Bronx Park">Bronx</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronx_Skate_Park" title="Bronx Skate Park">Bronx Skate Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devoe_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devoe Park (page does not exist)">Devoe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewen_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ewen Park (page does not exist)">Ewen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harris_Park_(Bronx)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harris Park (Bronx) (page does not exist)">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson_Park" title="Henry Hudson Park">Henry Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Park" title="Jerome Park">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosholu_Parkway" title="Mosholu Parkway">Mosholu Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poe_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poe Park (page does not exist)">Poe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Wallenberg_Forest" title="Raoul Wallenberg Forest">Raoul Wallenberg Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverdale_Park_(Bronx)" title="Riverdale Park (Bronx)">Riverdale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuyten_Duyvil_Shorefront_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spuyten Duyvil Shorefront Park (page does not exist)">Spuyten Duyvil Shorefront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._James_Park_(Bronx)" title="St. James Park (Bronx)">St. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Woods" title="University Woods">University Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cortlandt_Park" title="Van Cortlandt Park">Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidalia_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidalia Park (page does not exist)">Vidalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinmont_Veteran_Park" title="Vinmont Veteran Park">Vinmont Veteran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington%27s_Walk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington's Walk (page does not exist)">Washington's Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsbridge_Oval" title="Williamsbridge Oval">Williamsbridge Oval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/South_Bronx" title="South Bronx">South Bronx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barretto_Point_Park" title="Barretto Point Park">Baretto Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Rainey_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Rainey Park (page does not exist)">Bill Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_J._Lozada_Playground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos J. Lozada Playground (page does not exist)">Carlos J. Lozada Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Park" title="Claremont Park">Claremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_Plant_Park" title="Concrete Plant Park">Concrete Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotona_Park" title="Crotona Park">Crotona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estella_Diggs_Park" title="Estella Diggs Park">Estella Diggs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grant_Park_(Bronx)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grant Park (Bronx) (page does not exist)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunts_Point_Riverside_Park" title="Hunts Point Riverside Park">Hunts Point Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rodman_Drake_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Rodman Drake Park">Joseph Rodman Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Kilmer_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Joyce Kilmer Park">Joyce Kilmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Richman_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Richman Park (page does not exist)">Julius Richman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macombs_Dam_Park" title="Macombs Dam Park">Macombs Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Pond_Park" title="Mill Pond Park">Mill Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullaly_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullaly Park">Mullaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_and_South_Brother_Islands,_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="North and South Brother Islands, New York City">North and South Brother Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground_52" title="Playground 52">Playground 52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printer%27s_Park" title="Printer's Park">Printer's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richman_(Echo)_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richman (Echo) Park (page does not exist)">Richman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Park_(Bronx)" title="St. Mary's Park (Bronx)">St. Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa_Community_Farm" title="Taqwa Community Farm">Taqwa Community Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremont_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Tremont Park">Tremont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alben_Square" title="Alben Square">Alben Square</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Veterans_Memorial_Pier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Veterans Memorial Pier (page does not exist)">American Veterans Memorial Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amersfort_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amersfort Park (page does not exist)">Amersfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Catanzaro_Square" title="Anthony Catanzaro Square">Anthony Catanzaro Square</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asser_Levy_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asser Levy Park (page does not exist)">Asser Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascenzi_Square" title="Ascenzi Square">Ascenzi Square</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bath_Beach_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bath Beach Park (page does not exist)">Bath Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Head_Park" title="Betsy Head Park">Betsy Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bensonhurst_Park" title="Bensonhurst Park">Bensonhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocchino-Dente_Memorial_Plaza" title="Bocchino-Dente Memorial Plaza">Bocchino-Dente Memorial Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breukelen_Ballfields_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breukelen Ballfields Park (page does not exist)">Breukelen Ballfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge_Park" title="Brooklyn Bridge Park">Brooklyn Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights_Promenade" title="Brooklyn Heights Promenade">Brooklyn Heights Promenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Queens_Greenway" title="Brooklyn–Queens Greenway">Brooklyn–Queens Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Waterfront_Greenway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway (page does not exist)">Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brower_Park" title="Brower Park">Brower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushwick_Inlet_Park" title="Bushwick Inlet Park">Bushwick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byrne_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byrne Park (page does not exist)">Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadman_Plaza" title="Cadman Plaza">Cadman Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canarsie_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canarsie Park (page does not exist)">Canarsie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carroll_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carroll Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvert_Vaux_Park" title="Calvert Vaux Park">Calvert Vaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Charles_A._Joshua_Plaza" title="Chief Charles A. Joshua Plaza">Chief Charles A. Joshua Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Line_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Line Park (page does not exist)">City Line</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffey_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffey Park (page does not exist)">Coffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Columbus Park (Brooklyn)">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Barry_Park" title="Commodore Barry Park">Commodore Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riegelmann_Boardwalk" title="Riegelmann Boardwalk">Coney Island Beach & Boardwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Creek_Park" title="Coney Island Creek Park">Coney Island Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Cyclone" title="Coney Island Cyclone">Coney Island Cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Continental_Army_Plaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Continental Army Plaza (page does not exist)">Continental Army Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Park" title="Cooper Park">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_Park" title="Domino Park">Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyker_Beach_Park_and_Golf_Course" title="Dyker Beach Park and Golf Course">Dyker Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Parkway" title="Eastern Parkway">Eastern Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene_Park" title="Fort Greene Park">Fort Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Sparrow_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Sparrow Marsh (page does not exist)">Four Sparrow Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_M._Charles_Memorial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank M. Charles Memorial Park (page does not exist)">Frank M. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresh_Creek_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fresh Creek Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Fresh Creek Nature Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friends Field (page does not exist)">Friends Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Fulton Park (Brooklyn)">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golconda_Skate_Park" title="Golconda Skate Park">Golconda Skate Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gravesend Park (page does not exist)">Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Central_Knoll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Central Knoll (page does not exist)">Green Central Knoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Von_King_Park" title="Herbert Von King Park">Herbert Von King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Highland Park (Brooklyn)">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Square_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irving Square Park (page does not exist)">Irving Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_House_(Brooklyn)" title="Old Stone House (Brooklyn)">JJ Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay" title="Jamaica Bay">Jamaica Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Carty_Park" title="John J. Carty Park">John J. Carty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_Park" title="John Paul Jones Park">John Paul Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Park" title="Kaiser Park">Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelly Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leif_Ericson_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Leif Ericson Park">Leif Ericson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_S._Kaiser_Playground" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon S. Kaiser Playground">Leon S. Kaiser Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Joseph_Petrosino_Park" title="Lieutenant Joseph Petrosino Park">Lieutenant Joseph Petrosino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Terrace_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lincoln Terrace Park (page does not exist)">Lincoln Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linden_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linden Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lindower_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lindower Park (page does not exist)">Lindower</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linton_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linton Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Linton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macri_Triangle" title="Macri Triangle">Macri Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manhattan_Beach_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manhattan Beach Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Manhattan Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Hernandez_Park" title="Maria Hernandez Park">Maria Hernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Park_(Brooklyn_park)" title="Marine Park (Brooklyn park)">Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarren_Park" title="McCarren Park">McCarren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGolrick_Park" title="McGolrick Park">McGolrick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=McKinley_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McKinley Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Prospect_Park" title="Mount Prospect Park">Mt. Prospect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventurer%27s_Park" title="Adventurer's Park">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Parkway_(Brooklyn)" title="Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn)">Ocean Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owl%27s_Head_Park" title="Owl's Head Park">Owl's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paerdegat_Basin_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paerdegat Basin Park (page does not exist)">Paerdegat Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paerdegat_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paerdegat Park (page does not exist)">Paerdegat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hook_Park" title="Red Hook Park">Red Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Venable_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. Venable Park (page does not exist)">Robert E. Venable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_D._Ramsey_Triangle" title="Russell D. Ramsey Triangle">Russell D. Ramsey Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Park" title="Saratoga Park">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scarangella_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scarangella Park (page does not exist)">Scarangella</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seaside_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaside Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Seaside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Low_Playground" title="Seth Low Playground">Seth Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shore_Boulevard_Mall" title="Shore Boulevard Mall">Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Creek_Park" title="Spring Creek Park">Spring Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_Park" title="Steeplechase Park">Steeplechase</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sternberg_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sternberg Park (page does not exist)">Sternberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Johns_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Johns Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park_(Brooklyn_park)" title="Sunset Park (Brooklyn park)">Sunset</a></li> <li>Tompkins</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinity_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trinity Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_Voorhees_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van Voorhees Park (page does not exist)">Van Voorhees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Walt Whitman Park (Brooklyn)">Walt Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wingate_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wingate Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Wingate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYC_Transmitter_Park" title="WNYC Transmitter Park">WNYC Transmitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zion_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Zion Triangle">Zion Triangle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Admiral_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Admiral Park (page does not exist)">Admiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alley_Pond_Park" title="Alley Pond Park">Alley Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrews_Grove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrews Grove (page does not exist)">Andrews Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astoria_Park" title="Astoria Park">Astoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baisley_Pond_Park" title="Baisley Pond Park">Baisley Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayside_Fields&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayside Fields (page does not exist)">Bayside Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayswater_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayswater Park (page does not exist)">Bayswater</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beach_Channel_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beach Channel Park (page does not exist)">Beach Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bush_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big Bush Park (page does not exist)">Big Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowne_Park" title="Bowne Park">Bowne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brant_Point_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brant Point Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Brant Point Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breininger_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breininger Park (page does not exist)">Breininger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad_Channel_American_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broad Channel American Park (page does not exist)">Broad Channel American</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad_Channel_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broad Channel Park (page does not exist)">Broad Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad_Channel_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broad Channel Wetlands (page does not exist)">Broad Channel Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Queens_Greenway" title="Brooklyn–Queens Greenway">Brooklyn–Queens Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookville_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brookville Park (page does not exist)">Brookville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulova_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulova Park (page does not exist)">Bulova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Tilly_Park" title="Captain Tilly Park">Captain Tilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_War_Veterans_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic War Veterans Triangle">Catholic War Veterans Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Postiglione_Triangle" title="Chris Postiglione Triangle">Chris Postiglione Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Point_Fields" title="College Point Fields">College Point Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocheron_Park" title="Crocheron Park">Crocheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunningham_Park" title="Cunningham Park">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Detective_Keith_L_Williams_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detective Keith L Williams Park (page does not exist)">Det. Keith L. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Detective_William_T._Gunn_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detective William T. Gunn Park (page does not exist)">Det. William T. Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Charles_R._Drew_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Charles R. Drew Park (page does not exist)">Dr. Charles R. Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dubos_Point_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dubos Point Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Dubos Point Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughboy_Park" title="Doughboy Park">Doughboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglaston_Park" title="Douglaston Park">Douglaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmhurst_Park" title="Elmhurst Park">Elmhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evergreen_Park_(Queens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evergreen Park (Queens) (page does not exist)">Evergreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Rockaway_Skate_Park" title="Far Rockaway Skate Park">Far Rockaway Skate Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feehan_Triangle" title="Feehan Triangle">Feehan Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_Fields" title="Flushing Fields">Flushing Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">Flushing Meadows-Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foch_Sitting_Area" title="Foch Sitting Area">Foch Sitting Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Park_(Queens)" title="Forest Park (Queens)">Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tilden" title="Fort Tilden">Fort Tilden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Totten_(Queens)" title="Fort Totten (Queens)">Fort Totten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Lewis_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Lewis Park (page does not exist)">Francis Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Golden_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Golden Park (page does not exist)">Frank Golden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Principe_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Principe Park (page does not exist)">Frank Principe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haggerty_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haggerty Park (page does not exist)">Haggerty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvey_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvey Park (page does not exist)">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Park_(Queens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Park (Queens)">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_Veterans_Square" title="Hillcrest Veterans Square">Hillcrest Veterans Square</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinton_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hinton Park (page does not exist)">Hinton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoffman_Park_(Queens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoffman Park (Queens) (page does not exist)">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hook_Creek_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hook Creek Park (page does not exist)">Hook Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter%27s_Point_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunter's Point Park (page does not exist)">Hunter's Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idlewild_Park_(Queens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idlewild Park (Queens) (page does not exist)">Idlewild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaica Bay Park">Jamaica Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sabba_Park" title="Joe Sabba Park">Joe Sabba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Golden_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Golden Park (page does not exist)">John Golden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Moses_Weinstein_Playground" title="Judge Moses Weinstein Playground">Judge Moses Weinstein Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_Valley_Park" title="Juniper Valley Park">Juniper Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissena_Park" title="Kissena Park">Kissena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohlreiter_Square" title="Kohlreiter Square">Kohlreiter Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopytko_Triangle" title="Kopytko Triangle">Kopytko Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libra_Triangle" title="Libra Triangle">Libra Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden_Park_(Queens)" title="Linden Park (Queens)">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnaeus_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linnaeus Park (page does not exist)">Linnaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Little_Bay_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little Bay Park (page does not exist)">Little Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LoCicero_Triangle" title="LoCicero Triangle">LoCicero Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Pasteur Park (page does not exist)">Louis Pasteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynch_Triangle" title="Lynch Triangle">Lynch Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafera_Park" title="Mafera Park">Mafera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macneil_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macneil Park (page does not exist)">Macneil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marconi_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marconi Park (page does not exist)">Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Curie Park (page does not exist)">Marie Curie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montbellier_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montbellier Park (page does not exist)">Montbellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Donohue_Park" title="O'Donohue Park">O'Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Room_Schoolhouse_Park" title="One Room Schoolhouse Park">One Room Schoolhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overlook_Park_(Queens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overlook Park (Queens) (page does not exist)">Overlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Park of the Americas">Park of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phil_%22Scooter%22_Rizzuto_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto Park (page does not exist)">Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground_Seventy_Five" title="Playground Seventy Five">Playground Seventy Five</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_Officer_Edward_Byrne_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police Officer Edward Byrne Park (page does not exist)">Ofc. Edward Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Powell%27s_Cove_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Powell's Cove Park (page does not exist)">Powell's Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proctor-Hopson_Circle" title="Proctor-Hopson Circle">Proctor-Hopson Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_County_Farm_Museum" title="Queens County Farm Museum">Queens County Farm Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensbridge_Park" title="Queensbridge Park">Queensbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson_Playground" title="Rachel Carson Playground">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Park_(Queens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Railroad Park (Queens) (page does not exist)">Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Demarco_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Demarco Park (page does not exist)">Ralph Demarco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remsen_Cemetery" title="Remsen Cemetery">Remsen Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochdale_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rochdale Park (page does not exist)">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Beach_and_Boardwalk" title="Rockaway Beach and Boardwalk">Rockaway Beach and Boardwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Community_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockaway Community Park">Rockaway Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins_Park" title="Roy Wilkins Park">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Rufus King Park">Rufus King</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seagirt_Avenue_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seagirt Avenue Wetlands (page does not exist)">Seagirt Avenue Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates_Sculpture_Park" title="Socrates Sculpture Park">Socrates Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Creek_Park" title="Spring Creek Park">Spring Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Park_(Queens)" title="Springfield Park (Queens)">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Albans_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Albans Park (page does not exist)">St. Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travers_Park" title="Travers Park">Travers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travis_Triangle" title="Travis Triangle">Travis Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_54" title="Triangle 54">Triangle 54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribute_Park" title="Tribute Park">Tribute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tudor Park (page does not exist)">Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Playground_(Queens)" title="Turtle Playground (Queens)">Turtle Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underbridge_Dog_Run" title="Underbridge Dog Run">Underbridge Dog Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vleigh_Playground" title="Vleigh Playground">Vleigh Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Wetzel_Triangle" title="Walter J. Wetzel Triangle">Walter J. Wetzel Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayanda_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayanda Park (page does not exist)">Wayanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/North_Shore,_Staten_Island" title="North Shore, Staten Island">North Shore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Community_Board_1" title="Staten Island Community Board 1">Community District 1</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allison_Pond_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allison Pond Park (page does not exist)">Allison Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Austen_House" title="Alice Austen House">Austen House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buono_Beach" title="Buono Beach">Buono Beach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barrett_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barrett Park (page does not exist)">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove_Lakes_Park" title="Clove Lakes Park">Clove Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clove%27s_Tail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clove's Tail (page does not exist)">Clove's Tail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corporal_Thompson_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corporal Thompson Park (page does not exist)">Corporal Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eibs_Pond_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eibs Pond Park (page does not exist)">Eibs Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faber_Pool_and_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faber Pool and Park (page does not exist)">Faber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forest_Grove_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forest Grove (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Forest Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hill_Park" title="Fort Hill Park">Fort Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeta_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaeta Park (page does not exist)">Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graniteville_Quarry_Park" title="Graniteville Quarry Park">Graniteville Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graniteville_Swamp_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graniteville Swamp Park (page does not exist)">Graniteville Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hero Park (page does not exist)">Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingram_Woods" title="Ingram Woods">Ingram Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jones_Woods_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jones Woods Park (page does not exist)">Jones Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Manna_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Manna Park (page does not exist)">Joseph Manna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyons_Pool_Recreation_Center" title="Lyons Pool Recreation Center">Lyons Pool Recreation Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maple_Woods_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maple Woods (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Maple Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northerleigh_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northerleigh Park (page does not exist)">Northerleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_Terrace_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richmond Terrace Wetlands (page does not exist)">Richmond Terrace Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailors%27_Snug_Harbor" title="Sailors' Snug Harbor">Sailors' Snug Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooters_Island" title="Shooters Island">Shooters Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake,_Staten_Island" title="Silver Lake, Staten Island">Silver Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobel_Court_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sobel Court Park (page does not exist)">Sobel Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappen_Park" title="Tappen Park">Tappen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tompkinsville_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tompkinsville Park (page does not exist)">Tompkinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Von_Briesen_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Von Briesen Park (page does not exist)">Von Briesen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walker_Park_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walker Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westerleigh_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westerleigh Park (page does not exist)">Westerleigh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Mid-Island,_Staten_Island" title="Mid-Island, Staten Island">Mid-Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Community_Board_2" title="Staten Island Community Board 2">Community District 2</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_Root_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blood Root Valley (page does not exist)">Blood Root Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradys_Pond_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradys Pond Park (page does not exist)">Bradys Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deere_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deere Park (page does not exist)">Deere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Macris_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Father Macris Park (page does not exist)">Father Macris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Beach%E2%80%93Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Boardwalk" title="South Beach–Franklin Delano Roosevelt Boardwalk">FDR Boardwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Douglas_MacArthur_Park_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Douglas MacArthur Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Gen. MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Rock_Park_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Rock Park Preserve (page does not exist)">High Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Chance_Pond_Park" title="Last Chance Pond Park">Last Chance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midland_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midland Field (page does not exist)">Midland Field</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Breeze_Park_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocean Breeze Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Ocean Breeze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Place_Creek_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Place Creek Park (page does not exist)">Old Place Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prall%27s_Island" title="Prall's Island">Prall's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saw_Mill_Creek_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saw Mill Creek Marsh (page does not exist)">Saw Mill Creek Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schmul_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schmul Park (page does not exist)">Schmul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Beach_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Beach Wetlands (page does not exist)">South Beach Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._George_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. George Park (page does not exist)">St. George</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staten_Island_Industrial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staten Island Industrial Park (page does not exist)">Staten Island Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westwood_Park_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westwood Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowbrook_Park" title="Willowbrook Park">Willowbrook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Mid-Island & South Shore (Community Districts <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Community_Board_2" title="Staten Island Community Board 2">2</a> & <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Community_Board_3" title="Staten Island Community Board 3"> 3</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freshkills_Park" title="Freshkills Park">Freshkills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LaTourette_Park_and_Golf_Course&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LaTourette Park and Golf Course (page does not exist)">LaTourette</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meredith_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meredith Woods (page does not exist)">Meredith Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Davis_Wildlife_Refuge" title="William T. Davis Wildlife Refuge">William T. Davis Wildlife Refuge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/South_Shore,_Staten_Island" title="South Shore, Staten Island">South Shore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Community_Board_3" title="Staten Island Community Board 3">Community District 3</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aesop_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aesop Park (page does not exist)">Aesop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Amundsen Circle">Amundsen Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annadale_Green&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annadale Green (page does not exist)">Annadale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbutus_Woods_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbutus Woods Park (page does not exist)">Arbutus Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arden_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arden Woods (page does not exist)">Arden Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayview_Terrace_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayview Terrace Park (page does not exist)">Bayview Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomingdale_Park" title="Bloomingdale Park">Bloomingdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Heron_Park" title="Blue Heron Park">Blue Heron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blueberry_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blueberry Park (page does not exist)">Blueberry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunker_Ponds_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bunker Ponds Park (page does not exist)">Bunker Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlton_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlton Park (page does not exist)">Carlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_House_Park" title="Conference House Park">Conference House</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crescent_Beach_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crescent Beach Park (page does not exist)">Crescent Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairview_Park_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fairview Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Fairview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Kills_Park" title="Great Kills Park">Great Kills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huguenot_Ponds_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huguenot Ponds Park (page does not exist)">Huguenot Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_Oak_Woods_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hybrid Oak Woods Park (page does not exist)">Hybrid Oak Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Meadows" title="Isle of Meadows">Isle of Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Fisher_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Fisher Park (page does not exist)">King Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_Pond_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom Pond Park (page does not exist)">Kingdom Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_Creek_(Staten_Island)#Parks" title="Lemon Creek (Staten Island)">Lemon Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Pond_Park" title="Long Pond Park">Long Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olmsted-Beil_House_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olmsted-Beil House Park (page does not exist)">Olmstead-Beil House</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reed%27s_Basket_Willow_Swamp_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reed's Basket Willow Swamp Park (page does not exist)">Reed's Basket Willow Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seaside_Wildlife_Nature_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaside Wildlife Nature Park (page does not exist)">Seaside Wildlife Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siedenburg_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siedenburg Park (page does not exist)">Siedenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tottenville_Shore_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tottenville Shore Park (page does not exist)">Tottenville Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wegener_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wegener Park (page does not exist)">Wegener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe%27s_Pond_Park" title="Wolfe's Pond Park">Wolfe's Pond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#88C65A;"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Nature_center" title="Nature center">Nature centers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alley_Pond_Park" title="Alley Pond Park">Alley Pond </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_Castle" title="Belvedere Castle">Belvedere Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Heron_Park_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Heron Park Preserve">Blue Heron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotona_Park" title="Crotona Park">Crotona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dana_Discovery_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dana Discovery Center (page does not exist)">Dana Discovery Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Park_(Queens,_New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Park (Queens, New York)">Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene_Park" title="Fort Greene Park">Fort Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Totten_(Queens)" title="Fort Totten (Queens)">Fort Totten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenbelt_Nature_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenbelt Nature Center (page does not exist)">Greenbelt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Rock_Nature_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Rock Nature Center (page does not exist)">High Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park" title="Inwood Hill Park">Inwood Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Beach_(Bronx)" title="Orchard Beach (Bronx)">Orchard Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Park_(Brooklyn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Park (Brooklyn)">Salt Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cortlandt_Park" title="Van Cortlandt Park">Van Cortlandt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">Zoos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Zoo" title="Central Park Zoo">Central Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_Zoo" title="Prospect Park Zoo">Prospect Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_Zoo" title="Queens Zoo">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Zoo" title="Staten Island Zoo">Staten Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">Botanical gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden" title="Brooklyn Botanic Garden">Brooklyn Botanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatory_Garden" title="Conservatory Garden">Conservatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Botanical_Garden" title="New York Botanical Garden">New York Botanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_Botanical_Garden" title="Queens Botanical Garden">Queens Botanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Botanical_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Staten Island Botanical Garden">Staten Island Botanical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Chinese_Scholar%27s_Garden" title="New York Chinese Scholar's Garden">New York Chinese Scholar's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_Hill" title="Wave Hill">Wave Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Island_Light" title="Blackwell Island Light">Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southpoint_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Southpoint Park">Southpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_parks_relating_to_World_War_I" title="List of New York City parks relating to World War I">World War I-related parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_parks_relating_to_the_Vietnam_War" title="List of New York City parks relating to the Vietnam War">Vietnam War-related parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_parks_relating_to_Hispanic_and_Latino_American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="List of New York City parks relating to Hispanic and Latino American culture">Hispanic and Latino-related parks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#88C65A;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_New_York_City" title="Category:Protected areas of New York City">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">Department of Parks and Recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_New_York" title="Template:Protected areas of New York">New York State</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_New_York_City" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Protected areas of New York City">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Queens,_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Queens" title="Template:National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Queens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Queens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Queens,_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queens,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens, New York">Queens, New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/68th_Avenue%E2%80%9364th_Place_Historic_District" title="68th Avenue–64th Place Historic District">68th Avenue–64th Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75th_Avenue%E2%80%9361st_Street_Historic_District" title="75th Avenue–61st Street Historic District">75th Avenue–61st Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway%E2%80%93Flushing,_Queens" title="Broadway–Flushing, Queens">Broadway–Flushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Avenue_Historic_District_(Queens)" title="Central Avenue Historic District (Queens)">Central Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Ridgewood_Historic_District" title="Central Ridgewood Historic District">Central Ridgewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Avenue_Row_Historic_District" title="Cooper Avenue Row Historic District">Cooper Avenue Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia%E2%80%93Putnam_Historic_District" title="Cornelia–Putnam Historic District">Cornelia–Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Avenue_East_Historic_District" title="Cypress Avenue East Historic District">Cypress Avenue East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Avenue_West_Historic_District" title="Cypress Avenue West Historic District">Cypress Avenue West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglaston_Hill_Historic_District" title="Douglaston Hill Historic District">Douglaston Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglaston_Historic_District" title="Douglaston Historic District">Douglaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Rockaway_Beach_Bungalow_Historic_District" title="Far Rockaway Beach Bungalow Historic District">Far Rockaway Beach Bungalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest%E2%80%93Norman_Historic_District" title="Forest–Norman Historic District">Forest–Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Pond%E2%80%93Traffic_Historic_District" title="Fresh Pond–Traffic Historic District">Fresh Pond–Traffic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grove%E2%80%93Linden%E2%80%93St._John%27s_Historic_District" title="Grove–Linden–St. John's Historic District">Grove–Linden–St. John's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunters_Point_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunters Point Historic District">Hunters Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Heights_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson Heights Historic District">Jackson Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Riis_Park_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Riis Park Historic District">Jacob Riis Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison%E2%80%93Putnam%E2%80%9360th_Place_Historic_District" title="Madison–Putnam–60th Place Historic District">Madison–Putnam–60th Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Hill_Historic_District" title="Richmond Hill Historic District">Richmond Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Avenue_East_Historic_District" title="Seneca Avenue East Historic District">Seneca Avenue East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca%E2%80%93Onderdonk%E2%80%93Woodward_Historic_District" title="Seneca–Onderdonk–Woodward Historic District">Seneca–Onderdonk–Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm%E2%80%93DeKalb%E2%80%93Hart_Historic_District" title="Stockholm–DeKalb–Hart Historic District">Stockholm–DeKalb–Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerfield_Street_Row_Historic_District" title="Summerfield Street Row Historic District">Summerfield Street Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnyside_Gardens,_Queens" title="Sunnyside Gardens, Queens">Sunnyside Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbine%E2%80%93Palmetto%E2%80%93Gates_Historic_District" title="Woodbine–Palmetto–Gates Historic District">Woodbine–Palmetto–Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Queens_County.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queens map"><img alt="Queens map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Queens_County.svg/100px-Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Queens_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Queens_County.svg/150px-Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Queens_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Queens_County.svg/200px-Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Queens_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="838" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Historic properties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%">Houses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen-Beville_House" title="Allen-Beville House">Allen-Beville House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bowne_House" title="John Bowne House">John Bowne House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Johnson_Bunche_House" title="Ralph Johnson Bunche House">Ralph Johnson Bunche House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Van_Wyck_House" title="Cornelius Van Wyck House">Cornelius Van Wyck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Manor" title="King Manor">King Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsland_Homestead" title="Kingsland Homestead">Kingsland Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lent_Homestead_and_Cemetery" title="Lent Homestead and Cemetery">Lent Homestead and Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong_House" title="Louis Armstrong House">Louis Armstrong House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_County_Farm_Museum" title="Queens County Farm Museum">Queens County Farm Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinway_Mansion" title="Steinway Mansion">Steinway Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vander_Ende%E2%80%93Onderdonk_House" title="Vander Ende–Onderdonk House">Vander Ende–Onderdonk House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voelker_Orth_Museum" title="Voelker Orth Museum">Voelker Orth Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%">Religious buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astoria_Center_of_Israel" title="Astoria Center of Israel">Astoria Center of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Resurrection_(Queens)" title="Church of the Resurrection (Queens)">Church of the Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church-in-the-Gardens" title="The Church-in-the-Gardens">The Church-in-the-Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_of_Far_Rockaway" title="First Presbyterian Church of Far Rockaway">First Presbyterian Church of Far Rockaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_of_Newtown" title="First Presbyterian Church of Newtown">First Presbyterian Church of Newtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Reformed_Church_(Queens)" title="First Reformed Church (Queens)">First Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Synagogue_of_Flushing" title="Free Synagogue of Flushing">Free Synagogue of Flushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Episcopal_Church_Complex_(Queens)" title="Grace Episcopal Church Complex (Queens)">Grace Episcopal Church Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Quaker_Meeting_House_(Queens)" title="Old Quaker Meeting House (Queens)">Old Quaker Meeting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformed_Dutch_Church_of_Flushing" title="Protestant Reformed Dutch Church of Flushing">Protestant Reformed Dutch Church of Flushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_of_Newtown" title="Reformed Church of Newtown">Reformed Church of Newtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rego_Park_Jewish_Center" title="Rego Park Jewish Center">Rego Park Jewish Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Benedict_Joseph_Labre_Church_(Queens)" title="Saint Benedict Joseph Labre Church (Queens)">Saint Benedict Joseph Labre Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church_(Queens)" title="St. George's Church (Queens)">St. George's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Queens)" title="St. Luke's Episcopal Church (Queens)">St. Luke's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Queens)" title="St. Matthew's Episcopal Church (Queens)">St. Matthew's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthias_Roman_Catholic_Church" title="St. Matthias Roman Catholic Church">St. Matthias Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Monica%27s_Church_(Queens)" title="St. Monica's Church (Queens)">St. Monica's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._James_Church_(Queens)" title="St. James Church (Queens)">St. James Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Israel_Synagogue_(Queens)" title="Temple of Israel Synagogue (Queens)">Temple of Israel Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Tifereth_Israel_(Queens)" title="Congregation Tifereth Israel (Queens)">Congregation Tifereth Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Chapel_(Queens)" title="Trinity Chapel (Queens)">Trinity Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Lutheran_Church_(Queens)" title="Trinity Lutheran Church (Queens)">Trinity Lutheran Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%">Post offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_(Far_Rockaway,_Queens)" title="United States Post Office (Far Rockaway, Queens)">Far Rockaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_(Flushing,_Queens)" title="United States Post Office (Flushing, Queens)">Flushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_(Forest_Hills,_Queens)" title="United States Post Office (Forest Hills, Queens)">Forest Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_(Jackson_Heights,_Queens)" title="United States Post Office (Jackson Heights, Queens)">Jackson Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_(Jamaica,_Queens)" title="United States Post Office (Jamaica, Queens)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_(Long_Island_City,_Queens)" title="United States Post Office (Long Island City, Queens)">Long Island City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_Square%E2%80%9323rd_Street_station" title="Court Square–23rd Street station">Court Square–23rd Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmhurst_Avenue_station" title="Elmhurst Avenue station">Elmhurst Avenue station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing%E2%80%93Main_Street_station_(IRT_Flushing_Line)" title="Flushing–Main Street station (IRT Flushing Line)">Flushing–Main Street station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%">Other structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benevolent_and_Protective_Order_of_Elks,_Lodge_Number_878" title="Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Lodge Number 878">Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Lodge Number 878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Olam_Cemetery" title="Beth Olam Cemetery">Beth Olam Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Citizens%27_Benevolent_Society" title="Bohemian Citizens' Benevolent Society">Bohemian Citizens' Benevolent Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Point_Little_League_Building" title="College Point Little League Building">College Point Little League Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_Armory" title="Flushing Armory">Flushing Armory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_High_School" title="Flushing High School">Flushing High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows_Carousel" title="Flushing Meadows Carousel">Flushing Meadows Carousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_Town_Hall" title="Flushing Town Hall">Flushing Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Park_Carousel" title="Forest Park Carousel">Forest Park Carousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tilden" title="Fort Tilden">Fort Tilden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Totten_(Queens)" title="Fort Totten (Queens)">Fort Totten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Totten_Officers%27_Club" title="Fort Totten Officers' Club">Fort Totten Officers' Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Center_for_Arts_%26_Learning" title="Jamaica Center for Arts & Learning">Jamaica Center for Arts & Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Chamber_of_Commerce_Building" title="Jamaica Chamber of Commerce Building">Jamaica Chamber of Commerce Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Savings_Bank" title="Jamaica Savings Bank">Jamaica Savings Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufman_Astoria_Studios" title="Kaufman Astoria Studios">Kaufman Astoria Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Kurtz_and_Sons_Store_Building" title="J. Kurtz and Sons Store Building">J. Kurtz and Sons Store Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Casina" title="La Casina">La Casina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_City_Courthouse" title="Long Island City Courthouse">Long Island City Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Motor_Parkway" title="Long Island Motor Parkway">Long Island Motor Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_Grove_Cemetery_(Queens)" title="Maple Grove Cemetery (Queens)">Maple Grove Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Air_Terminal" title="Marine Air Terminal">Marine Air Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Pavilion" title="New York State Pavilion">New York State Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_of_Flushing_Burial_Ground" title="Old Town of Flushing Burial Ground">Old Town of Flushing Burial Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway_Village_(Queens)" title="Parkway Village (Queens)">Parkway Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppenhusen_Institute" title="Poppenhusen Institute">Poppenhusen Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Cemetery_(Queens)" title="Prospect Cemetery (Queens)">Prospect Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_66" title="PS 66">PS 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_County_Savings_Bank" title="Queens County Savings Bank">Queens County Savings Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensboro_Bridge" title="Queensboro Bridge">Queensboro Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKO_Keith%27s_Theater_(Flushing,_Queens)" title="RKO Keith's Theater (Flushing, Queens)">RKO Keith's Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Courthouse" title="Rockaway Courthouse">Rockaway Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_clock_on_Jamaica_Avenue" title="Sidewalk clock on Jamaica Avenue">Sidewalk clock on Jamaica Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohmer_and_Company_Piano_Factory" title="Sohmer and Company Piano Factory">Sohmer and Company Piano Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear_and_Company_Factory" title="Spear and Company Factory">Spear and Company Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triboro_Hospital_for_Tuberculosis" title="Triboro Hospital for Tuberculosis">Triboro Hospital for Tuberculosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_Center" title="TWA Flight Center">TWA Flight Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyckoff-Snediker_Family_Cemetery" title="Wyckoff-Snediker Family Cemetery">Wyckoff-Snediker Family Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Johnson_Bunche_House" title="Ralph Johnson Bunche House">Ralph Johnson Bunche House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Manor" title="King Manor">King Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong_House" title="Louis Armstrong House">Louis Armstrong House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Quaker_Meeting_House_(Queens)" title="Old Quaker Meeting House (Queens)">Old Quaker Meeting House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Queens,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens, New York">National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens, New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_New_York" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in New York">List of National Historic Landmarks in New York</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: Geographic <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6119176#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" 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