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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Irish Fine Gael politician (1890–1953)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For his son, see <a href="/wiki/Tom_O%27Higgins" title="Tom O'Higgins">Tom O'Higgins</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Thomas F. O'Higgins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TF_O%27Higgins,_1933.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/TF_O%27Higgins%2C_1933.png/200px-TF_O%27Higgins%2C_1933.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/TF_O%27Higgins%2C_1933.png 1.5x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">O'Higgins in 1933</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Defence (Ireland)">Minister for Defence</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 February 1948 – 7 March 1951</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Taoiseach</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Traynor" title="Oscar Traynor">Oscar Traynor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_Eoin" title="Seán Mac Eoin">Seán Mac Eoin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Enterprise,_Trade_and_Employment" title="Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment">Minister for Industry and Commerce</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 March 1951 – 13 June 1951</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Taoiseach</th><td class="infobox-data">John A. Costello</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Morrissey" title="Daniel Morrissey">Daniel Morrissey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ireland)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ireland)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 January 1944 – 9 June 1944</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Taoiseach</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachta Dála</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/1948_Irish_general_election" title="1948 Irish general election">February 1948</a> – 1 November 1953</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)">Cork Borough</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/1937_Irish_general_election" title="1937 Irish general election">July 1937</a> – <a href="/wiki/1948_Irish_general_election" title="1948 Irish general election">February 1948</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)">Laois-Offaly</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/1929_Dublin_North_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1929 Dublin North by-election">March 1929</a> – <a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">February 1932</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1890-11-20</span>)</span>20 November 1890<br /><a href="/wiki/Stradbally" title="Stradbally">Stradbally</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Laois" title="County Laois">County Laois</a>, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1 November 1953<span style="display:none">(1953-11-01)</span> (aged 62)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Agnes McCarthy</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1915)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5, including <a href="/wiki/Tom_O%27Higgins" title="Tom O'Higgins">Tom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Higgins" title="Michael O'Higgins">Michael</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Daniel_Sullivan" title="Timothy Daniel Sullivan">Timothy Daniel Sullivan</a> (grandfather)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Healy_(politician)" title="Tim Healy (politician)">Tim Healy</a> (uncle-in-law)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Higgins" title="Kevin O'Higgins">Kevin O'Higgins</a> (brother)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_Hogan-O%27Higgins" title="Brigid Hogan-O'Higgins">Brigid Hogan-O'Higgins</a> (daughter-in-law)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clongowes_Wood_College" title="Clongowes Wood College">Clongowes Wood College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Army_(Ireland)" title="National Army (Ireland)">National Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Francis O'Higgins</b> (20 November 1890 – 1 November 1953) was an Irish <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> politician and medical practitioner who served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Defence (Ireland)">Minister for Defence</a> from 1948 to 1951, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Enterprise,_Trade_and_Employment" title="Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment">Minister for Industry and Commerce</a> from March 1951 to June 1951 and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ireland)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ireland)">Leader of the Opposition</a> from January 1944 to June 1944. He served as a <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachta Dála</a> (TD) from 1929 to 1932 and 1937 to 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-oireachtas_db_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oireachtas_db-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the killing of his father and his brother during the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a> in the 1920s, he became politically radicalised and joined Cumann na nGaedhael, as well as also briefly becoming the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O'Higgins grew up in <a href="/wiki/Stradbally" title="Stradbally">Stradbally</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Laois" title="County Laois">County Laois</a>, the second son of sixteen children (eight boys, eight girls) of Dr. Thomas Higgins and Anne Sullivan. His mother was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Daniel_Sullivan" title="Timothy Daniel Sullivan">Timothy Daniel Sullivan</a>, an Irish nationalist, journalist, politician and poet. His father's first cousin, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Healy_(politician)" title="Tim Healy (politician)">Tim Healy</a>, was one of the most well known Irish MPs in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">British House of Commons</a> in the late 19th century and later the first <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Governor-General of the Irish Free State">Governor-General of the Irish Free State</a>. Thomas grew up alongside his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Higgins" title="Kevin O'Higgins">Kevin O'Higgins</a>, the fourth son of his parents.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O'Higgins was educated at Presentation Convent, Stradbally, the Christian Brothers’ schools in Maryborough (now <a href="/wiki/Portlaoise" title="Portlaoise">Portlaoise</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Clongowes_Wood_College" title="Clongowes Wood College">Clongowes Wood College</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">County Kildare</a> before studying medicine at <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a>. He qualified as a medical doctor in 1914. It was while practising as a Doctor in Fontstown, County Kildare, in the late 1910s, that he became a local organiser for both <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Volunteers" title="Irish Volunteers">Irish Volunteers</a>. In 1919, he was imprisoned twice; first, he was sent to in <a href="/wiki/Mountjoy_Prison" title="Mountjoy Prison">Mountjoy Prison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, and then the <a href="/wiki/Curragh_Camp" title="Curragh Camp">Curragh Camp</a>, County Kildare, for soliciting subscriptions to the first Dáil Éireann loan.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O'Higgins status continued to grow; he became a Town Commissioner for Portlaoise in 1920, and was later arrested again for leading the people of Portlaoise in a protest after the death of <a href="/wiki/Terence_MacSwiney" title="Terence MacSwiney">Terence MacSwiney</a>. As a result, he was sent to <a href="/wiki/Abercorn_Barracks" title="Abercorn Barracks">Abercorn Barracks</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Down" title="County Down">County Down</a>, during which time his home back in Portlaoise was turned into an Officers' Mess for the <a href="/wiki/Black_and_Tans" title="Black and Tans">Black and Tans</a> after they evicted his wife and children.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was in 1921, he added the prefix "O" to his surname, a common trend at the time, particularly amongst those involved in the <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelic League">Gaelic League</a>. Those adding O to their surnames believed they were simply restoring what had been previously removed during <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">Anglicisation</a> in previous generations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O'Higgins supported the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a> and enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/National_Army_(Ireland)" title="National Army (Ireland)">National Army of the Irish Free State</a> in 1922 during the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a>. There he was appointed captain in the medical corps, and subsequently became Medical Corps Deputy Commander and Director of Medical Services with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_killing_of_his_father_and_his_brother">The killing of his father and his brother</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The killing of his father and his brother"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_O%27Higgins,1922_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kevin_O%27Higgins%2C1922_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Kevin_O%27Higgins%2C1922_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kevin_O%27Higgins%2C1922_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Kevin_O%27Higgins%2C1922_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Kevin_O%27Higgins%2C1922_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>O'Higgins' younger brother <a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Higgins" title="Kevin O'Higgins">Kevin O'Higgins</a> was Minister of Justice when he was assassinated in 1927 in retaliation for confirming death sentences of captured Republicans during the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 11 February 1923, his father was killed by the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Treaty_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Treaty IRA">Anti-Treaty IRA</a> during a raid on his fathers' home. On 10 July 1927, his brother Kevin O'Higgins, at this point the Cumann na nGaedhael Minister for Justice, was assassinated by the IRA. During the Civil War Kevin, as Minister for Justice, had brought in severe measures to crack down on the IRA, including the introduction of the death penalty. Kevin confirmed the death sentences of 77 captured Republicans, including that of <a href="/wiki/Rory_O%27Connor_(Irish_republican)" title="Rory O'Connor (Irish republican)">Rory O'Connor</a>, who had been the best man at Kevin's wedding. Both the deaths of Thomas Senior and Kevin were believed to have been in retaliation for those death sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O'Higgins resigned his army commission to stand as a <a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">Cumann na nGaedheal</a> candidate for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1929_Dublin_North_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1929 Dublin North by-election">14 March 1929 by-election</a>. It was there he won a narrow victory over <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Traynor" title="Oscar Traynor">Oscar Traynor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">1932 general election</a>, he switched constituencies and this time stood for <a href="/wiki/Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)">Leix–Offaly</a>, he was elected again.<sup id="cite_ref-elecs_irl_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elecs_irl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the beginning of a sixteen-year stint as a TD for Laois–Offaly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_the_Blueshirts">With the Blueshirts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: With the Blueshirts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The political atmosphere of the early 1930s in Ireland was becoming increasingly divisive. The 1920s had seen the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Labour Party">Labour Party</a> as the main opposition in the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il" class="mw-redirect" title="Dáil">Dáil</a> but in 1927 <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> dropped their abstentionism and entered the chamber, becoming the main opposition, and were much more vocally opposed to Cumann na nGaedhael than Labour had been. Fianna Fáil had been pressured to drop their abstentionism partially after Kevin O'Higgins as Minister for Justice brought forward a law that requiring all political candidates to swear that they would take the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(Ireland)" title="Oath of Allegiance (Ireland)">Oath of Allegiance</a> if elected to the Dáil. Fianna Fáil eventually agreed to do so after dismissing the Oath as an "Empty formula". The onset of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> further increased tensions as the economy tanked. </p><p>It was the midset of this that Fianna Fáil won the 1932 general election. Upon entry into government, Fianna Fáil set about releasing many of the political prisoners arrested by Cumann na nGaedhael in the preceding years. As a result, many members of the IRA were freed. The IRA and many released prisoners, who held Cumann na nGaedhael in contempt, began a "campaign of unrelenting hostility" against those associated with the former Cumann na nGaedheal government. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Ryan_(Irish_republican)" title="Frank Ryan (Irish republican)">Frank Ryan</a>, one of the most prominent socialists in 1930s Ireland, active in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" title="Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)">IRA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Congress" title="Republican Congress">Republican Congress</a>, declared "as long as we have fists and boots, there will be no free speech for traitors".<sup id="cite_ref-True_Colours_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-True_Colours-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, many Cumann na nGaedhael public meeting began to be disrupted by IRA members. </p><p>In response, former members of the National Army and supporters of the Cumann na nGaedhael party formed the Army Comrades Association (ACA), better known as the <a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a>. The organisation began acting as stewards at Cumann na nGaedhael meetings and began engaging in <a href="/wiki/Street_fighting" title="Street fighting">street fighting</a> with IRA members. In August 1932, O'Higgins was invited to become the leader of the ACA, which he accepted. O'Higgins was joined in the organisation by fellow Cumann na nGaedhael TDs <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Blythe" title="Ernest Blythe">Ernest Blythe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGilligan_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="Patrick McGilligan (Fine Gael politician)">Patrick McGilligan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desmond_FitzGerald_(politician)" title="Desmond FitzGerald (politician)">Desmond Fitzgerald</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Without_the_Blueshirts_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Without_the_Blueshirts-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was under O'Higgins direction that the ACA went from an association of ex-National Army members into a crusading right-wing movement hitched to Cumann na nGaedhael. O'Higgins asked ACA members to defend the right to free speech and assembly against "Republican thuggery", and to defend Christian values against "Communist influences" he suggested were entering Ireland via the IRA.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1933, Fianna Fáil called <a href="/wiki/1933_Irish_general_election" title="1933 Irish general election">a surprise election</a> which saw them consolidate their power in the Dáil. That spring, O'Higgins handed over leadership of the ACA to <a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">Eoin O'Duffy</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Garda_Commissioner" title="Garda Commissioner">Garda Commissioner</a> who had just been sacked by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a>. O'Duffy took the ACA into a more radically hardline direction, renaming it the "National Guard" and adopting many elements of European <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">Roman straight-arm salute</a>, uniforms and huge public rallies. </p><p>In August 1933, Fianna Fáil banned the National Guard following an aborted march on Dublin. As a result, in September the National Guard, the <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Centre Party (Ireland)">National Centre Party</a> and Cumann na nGaedhael merged into one new party, <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a>. O'Duffy was named leader, with <a href="/wiki/WT_Cosgrave" class="mw-redirect" title="WT Cosgrave">WT Cosgrave</a> of CnaG replaced to avoid the idea that the new party was merely a continuation of CnaG. The National Guard, now known as the Young Ireland Association, was to act as a youth wing for the party. O'Higgins was key in battering the new alliance. Representing the National Guard in the negotiation phase, he became part of Fine Gael's first national executive and sat on its Dáil front bench.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1933, the Gardai raided the National Guard's Dublin headquarters. In response, O'Higgins and Desmond FitzGerald led other Fine Gael TDs in wearing the blue shirt of the National Guard in the Dáil chamber. In February 1934, at Fine Gael's first national convention, O'Higgins denounced Fianna Fáil as ‘the vanguard of the communist policy here’, and called Éamon de Valera an ‘arch-communist agent’. O'Higgins was amongst the Fine Gael leaders more open to the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a> policies being pushed by members of the Blueshirts such as James Hogan, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Tierney_(politician)" title="Michael Tierney (politician)">Michael Tierney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Blythe" title="Ernest Blythe">Ernest Blythe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Fine_Gael">In Fine Gael</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In Fine Gael"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O'Duffy lasted only a year as leader before being replaced by Cosgrave. O'Higgins was made vice-president of the party and in October 1936 reorganised the Blueshirts, abolishing their status as a semi-independent grouping within Fine Gael and made their officers directly responsible to the party's standing committee. It marked the general trend of winding down the Blueshirts and merging them into the mainstream of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, O'Higgins defended the right of <a href="/wiki/James_Dillon_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="James Dillon (Fine Gael politician)">James Dillon</a> to speak out against the party's stance of supporting Irish neutrality alongside Fianna Fáil. Dillon wished to see Ireland join <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">the Allies</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He became parliamentary leader of <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> in 1944, while the former leader, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a>, was attempting to get elected to <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a> and retain his position. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_government">Return to government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Return to government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/1948_Irish_general_election" title="1948 Irish general election">1948 general election</a>, O'Higgins left the Laois–Offaly constituency in order to allow his son <a href="/wiki/Tom_O%27Higgins" title="Tom O'Higgins">Tom O'Higgins</a> to successful stand there. O'Higgins stood for <a href="/wiki/Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)">Cork Borough</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-elecs_irl_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elecs_irl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same election, O'Higgins' other son <a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Higgins" title="Michael O'Higgins">Michael O'Higgins</a> was also elected for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_South-West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin South-West (Dáil constituency)">Dublin South-West</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">government</a> of <a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a> as <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Defence (Ireland)">Minister for Defence</a>. He served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Enterprise,_Trade_and_Employment" title="Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment">Minister for Industry and Commerce</a> from March 1951 to June 1951. </p><p>O'Higgins died while still in office in 1953. On 3 March 1954, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Barrett_(Irish_politician)" title="Stephen Barrett (Irish politician)">Stephen Barrett</a> of Fine Gael won the <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a> for the vacant seat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 October 1915, O'Higgins married Agnes McCarthy of <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a>. They had four sons and one daughter together.<sup id="cite_ref-dib_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Families_in_the_Oireachtas" title="Families in the Oireachtas">Families in the Oireachtas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditors_of_the_Literary_and_Historical_Society_(University_College_Dublin)" title="Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)">Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-oireachtas_db-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oireachtas_db_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Dr-Thomas-Francis-O'Higgins-Snr.D.1929-03-14/">"Thomas Francis O'Higgins"</a>. <i>Oireachtas Members Database</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190826172431/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Dr-Thomas-Francis-O'Higgins-Snr.D.1929-03-14/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oireachtas+Members+Database&rft.atitle=Thomas+Francis+O%27Higgins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oireachtas.ie%2Fen%2Fmembers%2Fmember%2FDr-Thomas-Francis-O%27Higgins-Snr.D.1929-03-14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+F.+O%27Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dib-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dib_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2012" class="citation web cs1">White, Lawrence William (August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/ohiggins-thomas-francis-t-f-a6815">"O'Higgins, Thomas Francis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Irish_Biography" title="Dictionary of Irish Biography">Dictionary of Irish Biography</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography&rft.atitle=O%27Higgins%2C+Thomas+Francis&rft.date=2012-08&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dib.ie%2Fbiography%2Fohiggins-thomas-francis-t-f-a6815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+F.+O%27Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elecs_irl-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-elecs_irl_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elecs_irl_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=8580">"Dr Tom O'Higgins"</a>. <i>ElectionsIreland.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110313144044/http://electionsireland.org//candidate.cfm?id=8580">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ElectionsIreland.org&rft.atitle=Dr+Tom+O%27Higgins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felectionsireland.org%2Fcandidate.cfm%3FID%3D8580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+F.+O%27Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-True_Colours-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-True_Colours_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarvin2001" class="citation web cs1">Garvin, Tom (12 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/showing-blueshirts-in-their-true-colours-1.269175">"Showing Blueshirts in their true colours"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116095707/https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/showing-blueshirts-in-their-true-colours-1.269175">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Showing+Blueshirts+in+their+true+colours&rft.pub=Irish+Times&rft.date=2001-01-12&rft.aulast=Garvin&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fshowing-blueshirts-in-their-true-colours-1.269175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+F.+O%27Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Without_the_Blueshirts-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Without_the_Blueshirts_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2020" class="citation web cs1">Collins, Stephen (7 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/without-the-blueshirts-there-would-have-been-no-fine-gael-1.4399082">"Without the Blueshirts, there would have been no Fine Gael"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104144931/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/without-the-blueshirts-there-would-have-been-no-fine-gael-1.4399082">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Without+the+Blueshirts%2C+there+would+have+been+no+Fine+Gael&rft.pub=Irish+Times&rft.date=2020-11-07&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fwithout-the-blueshirts-there-would-have-been-no-fine-gael-1.4399082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+F.+O%27Higgins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ireland)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ireland)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />January–June 1944<br /><i>(acting)</i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Traynor" title="Oscar Traynor">Oscar Traynor</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Defence (Ireland)">Minister for Defence</a> </b><br />1948–1951 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_Eoin" title="Seán Mac Eoin">Seán Mac Eoin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Morrissey" title="Daniel Morrissey">Daniel Morrissey</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Enterprise,_Trade_and_Employment" title="Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment">Minister for Industry and Commerce</a> </b><br />March–June 1951 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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politician)">Thomas Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas F. O'Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dillon_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="James Dillon (Fine Gael politician)">James Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Dukes" title="Alan Dukes">Alan Dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Noonan_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)">Michael Noonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lou_McDonald" title="Mary Lou McDonald">Mary Lou McDonald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Costello_cabinet_(1948–1951)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:5th_Government_of_Ireland" title="Template:5th Government of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:5th_Government_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:5th Government of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:5th_Government_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:5th Government of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Costello_cabinet_(1948–1951)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding:0 4.5em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_13th_D%C3%A1il" title="Government of the 13th Dáil">Costello cabinet</a> (1948–1951)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Blowick" title="Joseph Blowick">Joseph Blowick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Browne" title="Noël Browne">Noël Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dillon_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="James Dillon (Fine Gael politician)">James Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Everett_(politician)" title="James Everett (politician)">James Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Keyes" title="Michael Keyes">Michael Keyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_Eoin" title="Seán Mac Eoin">Seán Mac Eoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGilligan_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="Patrick McGilligan (Fine Gael politician)">Patrick McGilligan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Morrissey" title="Daniel Morrissey">Daniel Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_J._Murphy" title="Timothy J. Murphy">Timothy J. Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Norton" title="William Norton">William Norton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas F. O'Higgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_for_Defence_of_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers_for_Defence_of_Ireland" title="Template:Ministers for Defence of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministers_for_Defence_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Ministers for Defence of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers_for_Defence_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers for Defence of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_for_Defence_of_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Defence (Ireland)">Ministers for Defence of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_Brugha" title="Cathal Brugha">Cathal Brugha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hughes_(Irish_politician)" title="Peter Hughes (Irish politician)">Peter Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_FitzGerald_(politician)" title="Desmond FitzGerald (politician)">Desmond FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Aiken" title="Frank Aiken">Frank Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Traynor" title="Oscar Traynor">Oscar Traynor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas F. O'Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_Eoin" title="Seán Mac Eoin">Seán Mac Eoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Boland" title="Kevin Boland">Kevin Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Bartley" title="Gerald Bartley">Gerald Bartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hilliard" title="Michael Hilliard">Michael Hilliard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gibbons_(Irish_politician)" title="Jim Gibbons (Irish politician)">Jim Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Cronin" title="Jerry Cronin">Jerry Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Donegan" title="Paddy Donegan">Paddy Donegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_J._Flanagan" title="Oliver J. Flanagan">Oliver J. Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Molloy" title="Bobby Molloy">Bobby Molloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draig_Faulkner" title="Pádraig Faulkner">Pádraig Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Barrett" title="Sylvester Barrett">Sylvester Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tully_(Irish_politician)" title="James Tully (Irish politician)">James Tully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Power_(Irish_politician)" title="Paddy Power (Irish politician)">Paddy Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cooney" title="Patrick Cooney">Patrick Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_O%27Toole" title="Paddy O'Toole">Paddy O'Toole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Noonan_(Fianna_F%C3%A1il_politician)" title="Michael J. Noonan (Fianna Fáil politician)">Michael J. Noonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Brian Lenihan Snr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Daly_(politician)" title="Brendan Daly (politician)">Brendan Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Brady" title="Vincent Brady">Vincent Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Irish_politician)" title="John Wilson (Irish politician)">John Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Andrews_(politician)" title="David Andrews (politician)">David Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Coveney" title="Hugh Coveney">Hugh Coveney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Barrett_(politician)" title="Seán Barrett (politician)">Seán Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(Irish_politician)" title="Michael Smith (Irish politician)">Michael Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_O%27Dea" title="Willie O'Dea">Willie O'Dea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Killeen" title="Tony Killeen">Tony Killeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_%C3%93_Cu%C3%ADv" title="Éamon Ó Cuív">Éamon Ó Cuív</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Shatter" title="Alan Shatter">Alan Shatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Coveney" title="Simon Coveney">Simon Coveney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_for_Enterprise,_Trade_and_Employment_of_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers_for_Enterprise,_Trade_and_Employment_of_Ireland" title="Template:Ministers for Enterprise, Trade and Employment of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministers_for_Enterprise,_Trade_and_Employment_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Ministers for Enterprise, Trade and Employment of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers_for_Enterprise,_Trade_and_Employment_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers for Enterprise, Trade and Employment of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_for_Enterprise,_Trade_and_Employment_of_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Enterprise,_Trade_and_Employment" title="Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment">Ministers for Enterprise, Trade and Employment of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Blythe" title="Ernest Blythe">Ernest Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McGrath_(Irish_politician)" title="Joseph McGrath (Irish politician)">Joseph McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGilligan_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="Patrick McGilligan (Fine Gael politician)">Patrick McGilligan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacEntee" title="Seán MacEntee">Seán MacEntee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Morrissey" title="Daniel Morrissey">Daniel Morrissey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas F. O'Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Norton" title="William Norton">William Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hillery" title="Patrick Hillery">Patrick Hillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Colley" title="George Colley">George Colley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lalor" title="Patrick Lalor">Patrick Lalor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Keating" title="Justin Keating">Justin Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_O%27Malley" title="Desmond O'Malley">Desmond O'Malley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Kelly_(politician)" title="John M. Kelly (politician)">John Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Power_(Irish_politician)" title="Paddy Power (Irish politician)">Paddy Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draig_Flynn" title="Pádraig Flynn">Pádraig Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Cluskey" title="Frank Cluskey">Frank Cluskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Noonan_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)">Michael Noonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Burke_(Irish_politician)" title="Ray Burke (Irish politician)">Ray Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruairi_Quinn" title="Ruairi Quinn">Ruairi Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_McCreevy" title="Charlie McCreevy">Charlie McCreevy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bruton" title="Richard Bruton">Richard Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harney" title="Mary Harney">Mary Harney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Coughlan_(politician)" title="Mary Coughlan (politician)">Mary Coughlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batt_O%27Keeffe" title="Batt O'Keeffe">Batt O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hanafin" title="Mary Hanafin">Mary Hanafin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Mitchell_O%27Connor" title="Mary Mitchell O'Connor">Mary Mitchell O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Fitzgerald_(politician)" title="Frances Fitzgerald (politician)">Frances Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Humphreys" title="Heather Humphreys">Heather Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Coveney" title="Simon Coveney">Simon Coveney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Burke_(politician)" title="Peter Burke (politician)">Peter Burke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Teachtaí_Dála_(TDs)_for_the_Dublin_North_constituency" style="white-space:normal !important;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Template:Dublin North (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Template talk:Dublin North (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dublin North (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Teachtaí_Dála_(TDs)_for_the_Dublin_North_constituency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachtaí Dála</a> (TDs) for the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North</a> constituency</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal !important"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This table is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North (Dáil constituency)</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; max-width:95% !important; !important; white-space:normal !important;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Dáil</th> <th>Election</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">4th</td> <td>1923 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Alfie_Byrne" title="Alfie Byrne">Alfie Byrne</a><br />(Ind) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cahill" title="Francis Cahill">Francis Cahill</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td rowspan="7" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Collins-O%27Driscoll" title="Margaret Collins-O'Driscoll">Margaret Collins-O'Driscoll</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_McGarry" title="Seán McGarry">Seán McGarry</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#3333CC"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/William_Hewat" title="William Hewat">William Hewat</a><br />(BP) </td> <td rowspan="8" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#008800"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" title="Seán T. O'Kelly">Seán T. O'Kelly</a><br />(Rep) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#008800"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ernie_O%27Malley" title="Ernie O'Malley">Ernie O'Malley</a><br />(Rep) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1925 by-election</i> </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leonard_(politician)" title="Patrick Leonard (politician)">Patrick Leonard</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#008800"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Traynor" title="Oscar Traynor">Oscar Traynor</a><br />(Rep) </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th</td> <td>1927 (Jun) </td> <td rowspan="5" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/John_Byrne_(Irish_politician)" title="John Byrne (Irish politician)">John Byrne</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Traynor" title="Oscar Traynor">Oscar Traynor</a><br />(SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denis_Cullen" title="Denis Cullen">Denis Cullen</a><br />(Lab) </td> <td rowspan="6" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" title="Seán T. O'Kelly">Seán T. O'Kelly</a><br />(FF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Clarke" title="Kathleen Clarke">Kathleen Clarke</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">6th</td> <td>1927 (Sep) </td> <td rowspan="5" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Eamonn_Cooney" title="Eamonn Cooney">Eamonn Cooney</a><br />(FF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#FF0000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Larkin" title="James Larkin">James Larkin</a><br />(IWL) </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leonard_(politician)" title="Patrick Leonard (politician)">Patrick Leonard</a><br />(CnaG) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1928 by-election</i> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Rice" title="Vincent Rice">Vincent Rice</a><br />(CnaG) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1929 by-election</i> </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas F. O'Higgins</a><br />(CnaG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th</td> <td>1932 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alfie_Byrne" title="Alfie Byrne">Alfie Byrne</a><br />(Ind) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cormac_Breathnach" title="Cormac Breathnach">Cormac Breathnach</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Traynor" title="Oscar Traynor">Oscar Traynor</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th</td> <td>1933 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Belton" title="Patrick Belton">Patrick Belton</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Rice" title="Vincent Rice">Vincent Rice</a><br />(CnaG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th</td> <td>1937 </td> <td colspan="16"><i>Constituency abolished. See <a href="/wiki/Dublin_North-East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North-East (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North-East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dublin_North-West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North-West (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North-West</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <i>Note that the boundaries of Dublin North from 1981–2016 share no common territory with the 1923–1937 boundaries. See <a href="/wiki/Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)#Boundaries" title="Dublin North (Dáil constituency)">§Boundaries</a></i> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; max-width:95% !important; !important; white-space:normal !important;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Dáil</th> <th>Election</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party) </th></tr> <tr> <td>22nd</td> <td>1981 </td> <td rowspan="7" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Burke_(Irish_politician)" title="Ray Burke (Irish politician)">Ray Burke</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/John_Boland_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="John Boland (Fine Gael politician)">John Boland</a><br />(FG) </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Nora_Owen" title="Nora Owen">Nora Owen</a><br />(FG) </td> <td rowspan="5" colspan="2" style="background-color:white" align="center"><i>3 seats<br />1981–1992</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23rd</td> <td>1982 (Feb) </td></tr> <tr> <td>24th</td> <td>1982 (Nov) </td></tr> <tr> <td>25th</td> <td>1987 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/G._V._Wright" title="G. V. Wright">G. V. Wright</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>26th</td> <td>1989 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nora_Owen" title="Nora Owen">Nora Owen</a><br />(FG) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Ryan_(Irish_politician)" title="Seán Ryan (Irish politician)">Seán Ryan</a><br />(Lab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>27th</td> <td>1992 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="color:inherit; background-color:#22AC6F"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Sargent" title="Trevor Sargent">Trevor Sargent</a><br />(GP) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">28th</td> <td>1997 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/G._V._Wright" title="G. V. Wright">G. V. Wright</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1998 by-election</i> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Ryan_(Irish_politician)" title="Seán Ryan (Irish politician)">Seán Ryan</a><br />(Lab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>29th</td> <td>2002 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Glennon" title="Jim Glennon">Jim Glennon</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>30th</td> <td>2007 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/James_Reilly_(Irish_politician)" title="James Reilly (Irish politician)">James Reilly</a><br />(FG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kennedy_(Dublin_politician)" title="Michael Kennedy (Dublin politician)">Michael Kennedy</a><br />(FF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darragh_O%27Brien" title="Darragh O'Brien">Darragh O'Brien</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31st</td> <td>2011 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Farrell" title="Alan Farrell">Alan Farrell</a><br />(FG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Ryan_(Dublin_politician)" title="Brendan Ryan (Dublin politician)">Brendan Ryan</a><br />(Lab) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#FF3300"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clare_Daly" title="Clare Daly">Clare Daly</a><br />(SP) </td></tr> <tr> <td>32nd</td> <td>2016 </td> <td colspan="8"><i>Constituency abolished. See <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Fingal_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin Fingal (Dáil constituency)">Dublin Fingal</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Teachtaí_Dála_(TDs)_for_the_Cork_Borough_constituency" style="white-space:normal !important;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Template:Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Template talk:Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Teachtaí_Dála_(TDs)_for_the_Cork_Borough_constituency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachtaí Dála</a> (TDs) for the <a href="/wiki/Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)">Cork Borough</a> constituency</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal !important"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This table is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)">Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; max-width:95% !important; !important; white-space:normal !important;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Dáil</th> <th>Election</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party) </th></tr> <tr> <td>2nd</td> <td>1921 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liam_de_R%C3%B3iste" title="Liam de Róiste">Liam de Róiste</a><br />(SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_MacSwiney" title="Mary MacSwiney">Mary MacSwiney</a><br />(SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donal_O%27Callaghan" title="Donal O'Callaghan">Donal O'Callaghan</a><br />(SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/J._J._Walsh" title="J. J. Walsh">J. J. Walsh</a><br />(SF) </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:white" align="center"><i>4 seats<br />1921–1923</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd</td> <td>1922 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liam_de_R%C3%B3iste" title="Liam de Róiste">Liam de Róiste</a><br />(PT-SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_MacSwiney" title="Mary MacSwiney">Mary MacSwiney</a><br />(AT-SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Day_(Irish_politician,_born_1884)" title="Robert Day (Irish politician, born 1884)">Robert Day</a><br />(Lab) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/J._J._Walsh" title="J. J. Walsh">J. J. Walsh</a><br />(PT-SF) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">4th</td> <td>1923 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Beamish" title="Richard Beamish">Richard Beamish</a><br />(Ind) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#008800"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mary_MacSwiney" title="Mary MacSwiney">Mary MacSwiney</a><br />(Rep) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_O%27Shaughnessy_(politician)" title="Andrew O'Shaughnessy (politician)">Andrew O'Shaughnessy</a><br />(Ind) </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Walsh" title="J. J. Walsh">J. J. Walsh</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfred_O%27Rahilly" title="Alfred O'Rahilly">Alfred O'Rahilly</a><br />(CnaG) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1924 by-election</i> </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Egan_(Irish_politician)" title="Michael Egan (Irish politician)">Michael Egan</a><br />(CnaG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th</td> <td>1927 (Jun) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#9932CC"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Horgan_(Irish_politician)" title="John Horgan (Irish politician)">John Horgan</a><br />(NL) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_French_(1890%E2%80%931937)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seán French (1890–1937)">Seán French</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Anthony_(politician)" title="Richard Anthony (politician)">Richard Anthony</a><br />(Lab) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Egan_(politician)" title="Barry Egan (politician)">Barry Egan</a><br />(CnaG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th</td> <td>1927 (Sep) </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td rowspan="5" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Flinn" title="Hugo Flinn">Hugo Flinn</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th</td> <td>1932 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dowdall" title="Thomas Dowdall">Thomas Dowdall</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Anthony_(politician)" title="Richard Anthony (politician)">Richard Anthony</a><br />(Ind) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/William_Desmond_(politician)" title="William Desmond (politician)">William Desmond</a><br />(CnaG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th</td> <td>1933 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th</td> <td>1937 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a><br />(FG) </td> <td rowspan="5" colspan="2" style="background-color:white" align="center"><i>4 seats<br />1937–1948</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th</td> <td>1938 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Hickey_(Irish_politician)" title="James Hickey (Irish politician)">James Hickey</a><br />(Lab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th</td> <td>1943 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Daly" title="Frank Daly">Frank Daly</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Anthony_(politician)" title="Richard Anthony (politician)">Richard Anthony</a><br />(Ind) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9amus_Fitzgerald" title="Séamus Fitzgerald">Séamus Fitzgerald</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">12th</td> <td>1944 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Dwyer_(Irish_politician)" title="William Dwyer (Irish politician)">William Dwyer</a><br />(Ind) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Furlong" title="Walter Furlong">Walter Furlong</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1946 by-election</i> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGrath_(Irish_politician)" title="Patrick McGrath (Irish politician)">Patrick McGrath</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>13th</td> <td>1948 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sheehan_(politician)" title="Michael Sheehan (politician)">Michael Sheehan</a><br />(Ind) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#FF7F50"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Hickey_(Irish_politician)" title="James Hickey (Irish politician)">James Hickey</a><br />(NLP) </td> <td rowspan="10" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas F. O'Higgins</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">14th</td> <td>1951 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_McCarthy_(Cork_politician)" title="Seán McCarthy (Cork politician)">Seán McCarthy</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/James_Hickey_(Irish_politician)" title="James Hickey (Irish politician)">James Hickey</a><br />(Lab) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1954 by-election</i> </td> <td rowspan="8" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Barrett_(Irish_politician)" title="Stephen Barrett (Irish politician)">Stephen Barrett</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">15th</td> <td>1954 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Barry" title="Anthony Barry">Anthony Barry</a><br />(FG) </td> <td rowspan="6" style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Casey" title="Seán Casey">Seán Casey</a><br />(Lab) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1956 by-election</i> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/John_Galvin_(Irish_politician)" title="John Galvin (Irish politician)">John Galvin</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>16th</td> <td>1957 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gus_Healy" title="Gus Healy">Gus Healy</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">17th</td> <td>1961 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Barry" title="Anthony Barry">Anthony Barry</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1964 by-election</i> </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Galvin" title="Sheila Galvin">Sheila Galvin</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">18th</td> <td>1965 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gus_Healy" title="Gus Healy">Gus Healy</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pearse_Wyse" title="Pearse Wyse">Pearse Wyse</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1967 by-election</i> </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_French_(1931%E2%80%932011)" title="Seán French (1931–2011)">Seán French</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>19th</td> <td>1969 </td> <td colspan="10"><i>Constituency abolished. See <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_North-West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork City North-West (Dáil constituency)">Cork City North-West</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_South-East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork City South-East (Dáil constituency)">Cork City South-East</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Teachtaí_Dála_(TDs)_for_the_Laois–Offaly_constituency" style="white-space:normal !important;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Template:Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Template talk:Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Teachtaí_Dála_(TDs)_for_the_Laois–Offaly_constituency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachtaí Dála</a> (TDs) for the <a href="/wiki/Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)">Laois–Offaly</a> constituency</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal !important"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This table is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)">Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; max-width:95% !important; !important; white-space:normal !important;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Dáil</th> <th>Election</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy<br />(Party) </th></tr> <tr> <td>2nd</td> <td>1921 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lynch_(Irish_politician)" title="Joseph Lynch (Irish politician)">Joseph Lynch</a><br />(SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McCartan" title="Patrick McCartan">Patrick McCartan</a><br />(SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bulfin" title="Francis Bulfin">Francis Bulfin</a><br />(SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Higgins" title="Kevin O'Higgins">Kevin O'Higgins</a><br />(SF) </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:white" align="center"><i>4 seats<br />1921–1923</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd</td> <td>1922 </td> <td rowspan="14" style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td rowspan="14"><a href="/wiki/William_Davin" title="William Davin">William Davin</a><br />(Lab) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McCartan" title="Patrick McCartan">Patrick McCartan</a><br />(PT-SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bulfin" title="Francis Bulfin">Francis Bulfin</a><br />(PT-SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Higgins" title="Kevin O'Higgins">Kevin O'Higgins</a><br />(PT-SF) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">4th</td> <td>1923 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#008800"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Brady" title="Laurence Brady">Laurence Brady</a><br />(Rep) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bulfin" title="Francis Bulfin">Francis Bulfin</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Egan_(Irish_politician)" title="Patrick Egan (Irish politician)">Patrick Egan</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#008800"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_McGuinness" title="Seán McGuinness">Seán McGuinness</a><br />(Rep) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1926 by-election</i> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/James_Dwyer_(politician)" title="James Dwyer (politician)">James Dwyer</a><br />(CnaG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th</td> <td>1927 (Jun) </td> <td rowspan="10" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Boland_(Irish_politician)" title="Patrick Boland (Irish politician)">Patrick Boland</a><br />(FF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tynan" title="Thomas Tynan">Thomas Tynan</a><br />(FF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Gill_(trade_unionist)" title="John Gill (trade unionist)">John Gill</a><br />(Lab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th</td> <td>1927 (Sep) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gorry" title="Patrick Gorry">Patrick Gorry</a><br />(FF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Aird" title="William Aird">William Aird</a><br />(CnaG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th</td> <td>1932 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas F. O'Higgins</a><br />(CnaG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#87CEFA"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Brien_(politician)" title="Eugene O'Brien (politician)">Eugene O'Brien</a><br />(CnaG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th</td> <td>1933 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Donnelly" title="Eamon Donnelly">Eamon Donnelly</a><br />(FF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#0000FF"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Finlay" title="Jack Finlay">Jack Finlay</a><br />(NCP) </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th</td> <td>1937 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gorry" title="Patrick Gorry">Patrick Gorry</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas F. O'Higgins</a><br />(FG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Finlay" title="Jack Finlay">Jack Finlay</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th</td> <td>1938 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hogan_(Irish_politician)" title="Daniel Hogan (Irish politician)">Daniel Hogan</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th</td> <td>1943 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#777777"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_J._Flanagan" title="Oliver J. Flanagan">Oliver J. Flanagan</a><br />(IMR) </td></tr> <tr> <td>12th</td> <td>1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13th</td> <td>1948 </td> <td rowspan="7" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Tom_O%27Higgins" title="Tom O'Higgins">Tom O'Higgins</a>, Jnr<br />(FG) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_J._Flanagan" title="Oliver J. Flanagan">Oliver J. Flanagan</a><br />(Ind) </td></tr> <tr> <td>14th</td> <td>1951 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Peadar_Maher" title="Peadar Maher">Peadar Maher</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">15th</td> <td>1954 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Egan" title="Nicholas Egan">Nicholas Egan</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="12" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_J._Flanagan" title="Oliver J. Flanagan">Oliver J. Flanagan</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1956 by-election</i> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Egan_(politician)" title="Kieran Egan (politician)">Kieran Egan</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>16th</td> <td>1957 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17th</td> <td>1961 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lalor" title="Patrick Lalor">Patrick Lalor</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>18th</td> <td>1965 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_Byrne_(politician)" title="Henry Byrne (politician)">Henry Byrne</a><br />(Lab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>19th</td> <td>1969 </td> <td rowspan="10" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Ger_Connolly" title="Ger Connolly">Ger Connolly</a><br />(FF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cowen" title="Bernard Cowen">Bernard Cowen</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="9" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Enright" title="Tom Enright">Tom Enright</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>20th</td> <td>1973 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_McDonald_(Irish_politician)" title="Charles McDonald (Irish politician)">Charles McDonald</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>21st</td> <td>1977 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cowen" title="Bernard Cowen">Bernard Cowen</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>22nd</td> <td>1981 </td> <td rowspan="7" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Liam_Hyland" title="Liam Hyland">Liam Hyland</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>23rd</td> <td>1982 (Feb) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">24th</td> <td>1982 (Nov) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> 1984 by-election</i> </td> <td rowspan="7" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a><br />(FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>25th</td> <td>1987 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Flanagan" title="Charles Flanagan">Charles Flanagan</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>26th</td> <td>1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27th</td> <td>1992 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pat_Gallagher_(Labour_politician)" title="Pat Gallagher (Labour politician)">Pat Gallagher</a><br />(Lab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>28th</td> <td>1997 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/John_Moloney_(Irish_politician)" title="John Moloney (Irish politician)">John Moloney</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Fleming" title="Seán Fleming">Seán Fleming</a><br />(FF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Enright" title="Tom Enright">Tom Enright</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>29th</td> <td>2002 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Olwyn_Enright" title="Olwyn Enright">Olwyn Enright</a><br />(FG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#1251A2"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Parlon" title="Tom Parlon">Tom Parlon</a><br />(PDs) </td></tr> <tr> <td>30th</td> <td>2007 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Flanagan" title="Charles Flanagan">Charles Flanagan</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31st</td> <td>2011 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stanley_(politician)" title="Brian Stanley (politician)">Brian Stanley</a><br />(SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barry_Cowen" title="Barry Cowen">Barry Cowen</a><br />(FF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marcella_Corcoran_Kennedy" title="Marcella Corcoran Kennedy">Marcella Corcoran Kennedy</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>32nd</td> <td>2016 </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="10" style="background-color:white" align="center"><i>Constituency abolished. See <a href="/wiki/Laois_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Laois (Dáil constituency)">Laois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Offaly (Dáil constituency)">Offaly</a>.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">33rd</td> <td>2020 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stanley_(politician)" title="Brian Stanley (politician)">Brian Stanley</a><br />(SF) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barry_Cowen" title="Barry Cowen">Barry Cowen</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Fleming" title="Seán Fleming">Seán Fleming</a><br />(FF) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Nolan" title="Carol Nolan">Carol Nolan</a><br />(Ind) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Flanagan" title="Charles Flanagan">Charles Flanagan</a><br />(FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td></td> <td><i>(<a href="/wiki/Casual_vacancy" title="Casual vacancy">Vacant</a>)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>34th</td> <td>2024 </td> <td colspan="10"><i>Constituency abolished. See <a href="/wiki/Laois_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Laois (Dáil constituency)">Laois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Offaly (Dáil constituency)">Offaly</a>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&oldid=1225808650">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._O%27Higgins&oldid=1225808650</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1890_births" title="Category:1890 births">1890 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