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hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_module" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="module"> <div class="blogpost__container-outer pb-4"> <div class="blogpost__container-separator"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="blogpost__container-inner"> <div class="blogpost__header d-flex align-items-center flex-row-wrap"> <div class="blogpost__header__texts d-flex flex-row-wrap"> <h1 class="blogpost__title">What Are the Main Sectors Emitting CO2?</h1> <a class="back-home" href="https://blog.axens.net">Home</a> <div class="blogpost__date-container d-flex align-items-center"> <p class="blogpost__date">Mar 16 2022</p> </div> <div class="blogpost__author"> <span>Written by Axens <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/axens/" target="_blank" class="hs-author-social-link hs-social-linkedin"><span id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16074353383691610_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_icon" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="icon"><svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 448 512" aria-hidden="true"><g id="linkedin-in1_layer"><path d="M100.3 480H7.4V180.9h92.9V480zM53.8 140.1C24.1 140.1 0 115.5 0 85.8 0 56.1 24.1 32 53.8 32c29.7 0 53.8 24.1 53.8 53.8 0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.8 54.3zM448 480h-92.7V334.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.3-79.2-48.3 0-55.7 37.7-55.7 76.7V480h-92.8V180.9h89.1v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.7-48.3 87.9-48.3 94 0 111.3 61.9 111.3 142.3V480z" /></g></svg></span></a></span> </div> <div class="blogpost__tags tags__container d-flex flex-row-wrap"> <a class="blogpost__tag-link" href="https://blog.axens.net/tag/co2-gas-drying">CO2 Gas Drying</a> <span class="blogpost__tag-link more-tag">+ 2</span> <div class="more-tag__container"> <div><a class="blogpost__tag-link" href="https://blog.axens.net/tag/co2-capture">CO2 capture</a><a class="blogpost__tag-link" href="https://blog.axens.net/tag/carbon-capture-storage">Carbon Capture & Storage</a></div> <div class="dismiss"></div> </div> </div> <div class="blogpost__read-share d-flex flex-row-wrap"> <div class="blogpost__read"> <img src="https://blog.axens.net/hubfs/Markentive/icons/clock.svg" alt="clock icon"><p>3 min read</p> </div> <div class="blogpost__share"> <a class="blogpost__share-link" href="javascript:void(0)"><span>Share this article</span> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16074353383691610_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_icon" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="icon"><svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true"><g id="share2_layer"><path d="M503.691 189.836L327.687 37.851C312.281 24.546 288 35.347 288 56.015v80.053C127.371 137.907 0 170.1 0 322.326c0 61.441 39.581 122.309 83.333 154.132 13.653 9.931 33.111-2.533 28.077-18.631C66.066 312.814 132.917 274.316 288 272.085V360c0 20.7 24.3 31.453 39.687 18.164l176.004-152c11.071-9.562 11.086-26.753 0-36.328z" /></g></svg></span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blogpost__featured-image"> <img src="https://blog.axens.net/hubfs/Blog/Images/CCS.png" alt="Featured Image" loading="lazy"> </div> </div> <div class="blogpost__body-container"> <div class="blogpost__discover-container secondary-bkg"> <p class="discover__subtitle">Download our Whitepaper</p> <h3 class="discover__title">Carbon Capture and Storage, Solution for hard-to-abate emissions</h3> <div class="discover__cta arrow-cta white-cta"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_module_16074353383691610_" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_widget hs_cos_wrapper_type_cta" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="widget" data-hs-cos-type="cta"><span class="hs-cta-wrapper" id="hs-cta-wrapper-ae1ab912-81d2-4088-a9ca-2eae7c2e46b2"><span class="hs-cta-node hs-cta-ae1ab912-81d2-4088-a9ca-2eae7c2e46b2" id="hs-cta-ae1ab912-81d2-4088-a9ca-2eae7c2e46b2"><a href="https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/5476842/ae1ab912-81d2-4088-a9ca-2eae7c2e46b2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="hs-cta-img" id="hs-cta-img-ae1ab912-81d2-4088-a9ca-2eae7c2e46b2" style="border-width:0px;" src="https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/5476842/ae1ab912-81d2-4088-a9ca-2eae7c2e46b2.png" alt="Download"></a></span><script charset="utf-8" src="/hs/cta/cta/current.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(5476842, 'ae1ab912-81d2-4088-a9ca-2eae7c2e46b2', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); </script></span></span> </div> </div> <div class="blogpost__body"> <span id="hs_cos_wrapper_post_body" class="hs_cos_wrapper hs_cos_wrapper_meta_field hs_cos_wrapper_type_rich_text" style="" data-hs-cos-general-type="meta_field" data-hs-cos-type="rich_text"><p>All sources agree with the urgent need for action to mitigate climate change and, consequently, the top priority of reducing GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions. What is the origin of these emissions?</p>  <p> </p> <h2>Anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, the largest contributor of GHG emissions</h2> <p> </p> <p><span style="color: #7556ad;">Total GHG emissions</span>, taking into account agriculture, forestry and other land use change, amount to around 50 Gt of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent. (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/08/4.-SPM_Approved_Microsite_FINAL.pdf" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Source</a>)</p> <p> </p> <p>CO<sub>2</sub> represents by itself around 75% (in CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent) of GHG emissions - which also contains methane and nitrous oxide (both of which have a much higher global warming potential than CO<sub>2</sub>).</p> <p> </p> <p><span style="color: var(--primary-color); display: inline !important;"><span style="color: #7556ad;">Anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions</span>, caused by human activities, account for some 35 Gt CO<sub>2</sub> per year (excluding emissions due to agriculture, forestry and other land use change). </span>As can be seen in figure 1, the amounts of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions have continuously increased over the last century and more sharply in recent years.</p> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://blog.axens.net/hubfs/Blog/Charts/wp_CCSfig1.svg" alt="Overall anthropogenic CO2 emissions resulting from fossil fuels and cement production" width="400" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%;"></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Figure 1 - Overall anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions resulting from fossil fuels and cement production (<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Source</a>)</p> <p> </p> <h2>Sectors contributing the most to the emission of CO<sub>2</sub></h2> <p> </p> <p>The breakdown of global GHG emissions shows (figure 2) that nearly half of the emissions is caused by energy used in the <span style="color: #7556ad;">industry</span>, thus reinforcing the need to deploy and retrofit Carbon Capture & Storage projects accordingly.</p> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://blog.axens.net/hubfs/Blog/Charts/wp_CCSfig2.svg" alt="wp_CCSfig2" width="400" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%;"></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Figure 2 - World greenhouse gas emissions (Source: World Resources Institute, 2016)</p> <p><br>In this graph, the first column shows a breakdown per sector (sources of emissions) whereas the second one lists the activity causing the release. The third column gives the type and volume of gas (in percentage), associated with each activity.</p> <p> </p> <p>Upon closer inspection, it appears that in 2018 the <span style="color: #7556ad;">power sector</span> was the largest carbon emitter, accounting for 40% of global energy-related emissions with coal-fired plants alone representing 29% of the total.</p> <p> </p> <p><span style="color: #7556ad;">Transport and Industry</span> take second place with 23% each (figure 3).</p> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://blog.axens.net/hubfs/Blog/Charts/WP_CCSfig3.svg" alt="WP_CCSfig3" width="400" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%;"></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Figure 3 - Global energy-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by sector (Source: IEA – The role of CCUS in low-carbon power systems, 2020)</p> <p><br>Within the industry sector (23%), cement, iron and steel plants represent approximately 53% of the emissions and are among the hardest to decarbonize. Their high level of carbon emissions is due to the industrial processes and high temperatures involved.</p> <p><br><span style="color: #7556ad;">Refining</span> is the fourth largest contributor to industrial CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, responsible for 2% of total anthropogenic energy-related emissions (~35 Gt CO<sub>2</sub>). (Source: Concawe report no. 18/20, September 2020)</p> <p> </p> <p>It must also be considered that CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from some industrial sectors cannot be easily reduced or eliminated simply by switching the fuel type. It is therefore evident that CCUS has a crucial role to play in the world economy, as stated by the IPCC, by providing a sustainable pathway in line with global warming limitations, as underligned in Concawe report no. 18/20, September 2020.</p> <p> </p> <p><span class="hs-cta-wrapper" id="hs-cta-wrapper-47f62aa8-0226-4635-acad-46cb66af55ea"><span class="hs-cta-node hs-cta-47f62aa8-0226-4635-acad-46cb66af55ea" id="hs-cta-47f62aa8-0226-4635-acad-46cb66af55ea"><a href="https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/5476842/47f62aa8-0226-4635-acad-46cb66af55ea" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="hs-cta-img" id="hs-cta-img-47f62aa8-0226-4635-acad-46cb66af55ea" style="border-width:0px;" height="462" width="1400" src="https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/5476842/47f62aa8-0226-4635-acad-46cb66af55ea.png" alt="New call-to-action"></a></span><script charset="utf-8" src="/hs/cta/cta/current.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> 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