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(wine)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Range of Italian wines made in the region of Piedmont in the northwestern corner of Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piedmont_in_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Piedmont_in_Italy.svg/220px-Piedmont_in_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Piedmont_in_Italy.svg/330px-Piedmont_in_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Piedmont_in_Italy.svg/440px-Piedmont_in_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a><figcaption>The Piedmont region</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Piedmont wine</b> is the range of <a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italian wines</a> made in the region of <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>, in the northwestern corner of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. The best-known wines from the region include <a href="/wiki/Barolo" title="Barolo">Barolo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbaresco" title="Barbaresco">Barbaresco</a>. They are made from the <a href="/wiki/Nebbiolo" title="Nebbiolo">Nebbiolo</a> grape. These wines are ideal for storage and a well-aged Barolo for instance may leave a feeling of drinking velvet because the tannins are polished and integrated more and more into the wine. As the wine matures the colour becomes more brownish and rust-red. </p><p>Other popular grapes used for <a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">red wine</a> production are <a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolcetto" title="Dolcetto">Dolcetto</a>. Wine made with the Barbera grape is often fruity, with high acidity. It can be delicate with less tannin than wine made from the Nebbiolo grape. Dolcetto on the other side, is not, as the name indicates, sweet. Dolcetto means "little sweet one" (<i>dolce</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> word for "sweet"). The grape gives fresh and dry red wines with some tannin. The wines made with the Dolcetto grape are typically consumed relatively young. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">sparkling wine</a> <a href="/wiki/Asti_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asti (wine)">Asti spumante</a> is made from the <a href="/wiki/Muscat_(grape_and_wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat (grape and wine)">Moscato</a> grape. The majority of the area's winemaking take places in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuneo" title="Province of Cuneo">Cuneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Asti" title="Province of Asti">Asti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Alessandria" title="Province of Alessandria">Alessandria</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Brachetto" title="Brachetto">Brachetto</a> is another variety used for making sweet and sparkling red wines. </p><p>While <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> is the capital of the Piedmont, <a href="/wiki/Alba_(CN)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alba (CN)">Alba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a> are at the heart of the region's wine industry. The winemaking industry of the Piedmont played a significant role in the early stages of the <i><a href="/wiki/Risorgimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</a></i> with some of the era's most prominent figures – such as <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_conte_di_Cavour" class="mw-redirect" title="Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour">Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> – owning vineyards in Piedmont region and making significant contributions to the development of Piedmontese wines. The excessively high <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> imposed by the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> on the export of Piedmontese wines to Austrian controlled areas of northern Italy was one of the underlying sparks to the revolutions of 1848–1849. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Piedmont_wine" title="Special:EditPage/Piedmont wine">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Piedmont+wine%22">"Piedmont wine"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Piedmont+wine%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Piedmont+wine%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Piedmont+wine%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Piedmont+wine%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Piedmont+wine%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luigi_Sivalli_-ritratto_di_Camillo_Benso_conte_di_Cavour_-incisione_su_carta_-ca.1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Luigi_Sivalli_-ritratto_di_Camillo_Benso_conte_di_Cavour_-incisione_su_carta_-ca.1860.jpg/220px-Luigi_Sivalli_-ritratto_di_Camillo_Benso_conte_di_Cavour_-incisione_su_carta_-ca.1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Luigi_Sivalli_-ritratto_di_Camillo_Benso_conte_di_Cavour_-incisione_su_carta_-ca.1860.jpg/330px-Luigi_Sivalli_-ritratto_di_Camillo_Benso_conte_di_Cavour_-incisione_su_carta_-ca.1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Luigi_Sivalli_-ritratto_di_Camillo_Benso_conte_di_Cavour_-incisione_su_carta_-ca.1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour</a> was not only the first prime minister of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia</a> during the <i><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Risorgimento</a></i>, but also a prominent vineyard owner who introduced many French viticultural techniques to the region.</figcaption></figure> <p>As in most of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, native vines are abundant in the land that the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greeks</a> called <i>Oenotrua</i> (meaning "land of vines") and was subsequently cultivated by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Romans">Romans</a>. With its close proximity, France has been a significant viticultural influence on the region, particularly <a href="/wiki/Burgundy_wine" title="Burgundy wine">Burgundy</a>, which is evident today in the <a href="/wiki/Varietal" title="Varietal">varietal</a> styles of most Piedmontese wines with very little blending. One of the earliest mention of Piedmontese wines occurred in the 14th century when the Italian agricultural writer <a href="/wiki/Pietro_de_Crescentius" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietro de Crescentius">Pietro de Crescentius</a> wrote his <i>Liber Ruralium Commodorum</i>. He noted the efforts of the Piedmontese to make "Greek style" <a href="/wiki/Sweetness_of_wine" title="Sweetness of wine">sweet wines</a> by twisting the stems of the grapes clusters and letting them hang longer on the vine to dry out. He also noted the changes with <a href="/wiki/Trellising_(vine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trellising (vine)">trellising</a> in the region with more vines being staked close to the grounds rather than cultivated high among trees in the manner more common to Italian viticulture at the time. In the 17th century, the court <a href="/wiki/Jeweller" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeweller">jeweller</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy</a> earned broad renown for his pale red <i>Chiaretto</i> made entirely from the Nebbiolo grape.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_pg_412-423_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_pg_412-423-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <i><a href="/wiki/Risorgimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</a></i> (Italian unification) of the 19th century, many Piemontese winemakers and land owners played a pivotal role. The famous Italian patriot <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> was a winemaker who in the 1850s introduced the use of the <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_mixture" title="Bordeaux mixture">Bordeaux mixture</a> to control the spread of <a href="/wiki/Uncinula_necator" title="Uncinula necator">oidium</a> that was starting to ravage the area's vineyards. <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_conte_di_Cavour" class="mw-redirect" title="Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour">Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour</a> was a wealthy vineyard owner who went abroad to study advance <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> prior to founding the political newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Il_Risorgimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Risorgimento">Il Risorgimento</a></i>. He was highly influential in the adoption of many French viticultural techniques among the Piemontese vineyards.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_pg_412-423_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_pg_412-423-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlo_alberto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Carlo_alberto.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">King Charles Albert of Sardinia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>One of the early sparks of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification#Revolutions_of_1848.E2.80.931849" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">revolts against Austria</a> was the act of the Austrian government to double the <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> of Piemontese wines into the Austrian control lands of <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilia_(region_of_Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilia (region of Italy)">Emilia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Veneto_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Veneto wine">Veneto</a>. This had a crippling effect on the Piemontese wine industry, essentially cutting them off from their main export market. In 1846, King <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert of Sardinia</a> spoke to the Piedmontese winegrowers at the meeting of the Agricultural Congress at <a href="/wiki/Casale_Monferrato" title="Casale Monferrato">Casale Monferrato</a> where he assailed the Austrian oppression. By 1848, Piedmont was at war with Austria in one of the early events that eventually led to the unification of the Italian peninsula under the rule of Charles Albert's son <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_pg_412-423_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_pg_412-423-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate_and_geography">Climate and geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate and geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Piedmont region is located in the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> forming its border with <a href="/wiki/France_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="France (wine)">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland (wine)">Switzerland</a>. To the northwest is the <a href="/wiki/Valle_d%27Aosta_DOC" title="Valle d'Aosta DOC">Valle d'Aosta</a>, to the east is the province of <a href="/wiki/Lombardy_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lombardy (wine)">Lombardy</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Liguria_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liguria (wine)">Liguria</a> region forming its southern border along the <a href="/wiki/Apennines" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennines">Apennines</a>. In addition to the vast mountainous terrain, the <a href="/wiki/Po_Valley" title="Po Valley">Po Valley</a> consumes a large area of available land-leaving only 30% of the region suitable for vineyard plantings. The valley and the mountains do contribute to the area's noted <a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">fog</a> cover which aides in the ripening of the Nebbiolo (<i>"Nebieu"</i>) grape (which gets its name from the Piedmontese word <i>nebia</i> meaning "fog").<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_38-41_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_38-41-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the winemaking regions of the Piedmont and <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine" title="Bordeaux wine">Bordeaux</a> are very close in <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>, only the summertime temperatures are similar: the Piedmont wine region has a colder, <a href="/wiki/Continental_winter_climate_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental winter climate (wine)">continental winter climate</a>, and significantly lower rainfall due to the <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a> effect of the Alps.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vineyards are typically planted on hillsides <a href="/wiki/Altitudes" class="mw-redirect" title="Altitudes">altitudes</a> between 490–1150 ft (150-400 metre). The warmer south facing slopes are mainly used for Nebbiolo or <a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a> while the cooler sites are planted with <a href="/wiki/Dolcetto" title="Dolcetto">Dolcetto</a> or <a href="/wiki/Muscat_(grape_and_wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat (grape and wine)">Moscato</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_525-526_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_525-526-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regions">Regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piedmont_Provinces_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Piedmont_Provinces_2.png/330px-Piedmont_Provinces_2.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Piedmont_Provinces_2.png/495px-Piedmont_Provinces_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Piedmont_Provinces_2.png/660px-Piedmont_Provinces_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>Provinces of Piedmont</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Langhe_blend.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Langhe_blend.jpg/220px-Langhe_blend.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Langhe_blend.jpg/330px-Langhe_blend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Langhe_blend.jpg/440px-Langhe_blend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A Cabernet Sauvignon/Barbera blend from the Langhe DOC</figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of the region's winemaking (about 90%) takes place in the southern part of Piedmont around the towns of <a href="/wiki/Alba_(CN)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alba (CN)">Alba</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Cuneo" title="Cuneo">Cuneo</a>), <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alessandria" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_38-41_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_38-41-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Piemonte wine region is divided into five broad zones.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_525-526_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_525-526-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canavese" title="Canavese">Canavese</a> – includes the areas around <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Carema" title="Carema">Carema</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caluso" title="Caluso">Caluso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colline_Novaresi#Colline_Novaresi_DOC" class="mw-redirect" title="Colline Novaresi">Colline Novaresi</a> – in the province of <a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coste_della_Sesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coste della Sesia (page does not exist)">Coste della Sesia</a> – includes the area around <a href="/wiki/Vercelli" title="Vercelli">Vercelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langhe" title="Langhe">Langhe</a> – includes the hill country around the city of Alba and the <a href="/wiki/Roero" title="Roero">Roero</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monferrato" class="mw-redirect" title="Monferrato">Monferrato</a> – includes the areas around Asti and Alessandria</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DOCs">DOCs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: DOCs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_DOC_wines" title="List of Italian DOC wines">List of Italian DOC wines</a></div> <p>The Piedmont region is home to 41 <i><a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">denominazione di origine controllata</a></i> (DOC) and 19 <i>denominazione di origine controllata e garantita</i> (DOCG).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 19 <a href="/wiki/DOCG_wines" class="mw-redirect" title="DOCG wines">DOCG wines</a> in Piedmont are: </p> <ul><li>Alta Langa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asti_wine" title="Asti wine">Asti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbaresco" title="Barbaresco">Barbaresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbera_d%27Asti" title="Barbera d'Asti">Barbera d'Asti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbera_del_Monferrato_Superiore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbera del Monferrato Superiore (page does not exist)">Barbera del Monferrato Superiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barolo" title="Barolo">Barolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachetto_d%27Acqui" title="Brachetto d'Acqui">Brachetto d'Acqui</a>, also called Acqui</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castagnole_Monferrato" title="Castagnole Monferrato">Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canelli" title="Canelli">Canelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortese_di_Gavi" title="Cortese di Gavi">Cortese di Gavi</a>, also simply called Gavi</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolcetto_di_Dogliani_Superiore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolcetto di Dogliani Superiore (page does not exist)">Dolcetto di Dogliani Superiore</a>, also simply called Dogliani</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolcetto_di_Ovada_Superiore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore (page does not exist)">Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore</a>, also simply called Ovada</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolcetto_di_Diano_d%27Alba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba (page does not exist)">Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba</a>, also simply called Diano d'Alba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erbaluce_di_Caluso" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbaluce di Caluso">Erbaluce di Caluso</a>, also simply called Caluso</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gattinara_DOCG" title="Gattinara DOCG">Gattinara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghemme_DOCG" title="Ghemme DOCG">Ghemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizza_DOCG" title="Nizza DOCG">Nizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roero" title="Roero">Roero</a>, and Roero Arneis</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terre_Alfieri_DOCG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terre Alfieri DOCG (page does not exist)">Terre Alfieri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grapes_and_wines">Grapes and wines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Grapes and wines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolcetto_d%27alba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dolcetto_d%27alba.jpg/220px-Dolcetto_d%27alba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dolcetto_d%27alba.jpg/330px-Dolcetto_d%27alba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dolcetto_d%27alba.jpg/440px-Dolcetto_d%27alba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A Dolcetto d'Alba</figcaption></figure> <p>Barbera is the most widely planted grape in the region, but Nebbiolo and Dolcetto account for a significant portion of the area's red wine production as well. With white wines, Moscato is the most prominent with its sparkling and <a href="/wiki/Frizzante" class="mw-redirect" title="Frizzante">frizzante</a> style wines. Other notable white wines include styles made from the <a href="/wiki/Cortese" title="Cortese">Cortese</a> grape in <a href="/wiki/Gavi_(AL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gavi (AL)">Gavi</a> as well as blends of Cortese with <a href="/wiki/Arneis" title="Arneis">Arneis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Favorita_(grape)" title="Favorita (grape)">Favorita</a> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colli_Tortonesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colli Tortonesi (page does not exist)">Colli Tortonesi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alto_Monferrato" class="mw-redirect" title="Alto Monferrato">Alto Monferrato</a>. Since the 1980s there has been growing numbers of experimental plantings with the international varieties of <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_pg_525-526_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_pg_525-526-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other local or indigenous grapes include <a href="/wiki/Baratuciat" title="Baratuciat">Baratuciat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonarda_Piemontese" title="Bonarda Piemontese">Bonarda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatina" title="Croatina">Croatina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erbaluce" title="Erbaluce">Erbaluce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freisa" title="Freisa">Freisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gamba_di_Pernice" title="Gamba di Pernice">Gamba di Pernice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grignolino" title="Grignolino">Grignolino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grisa_nera" title="Grisa nera">Grisa nera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malvasia_nera" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvasia nera">Malvasia nera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelaverga" title="Pelaverga">Pelaverga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plassa" title="Plassa">Plassa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rossese_bianco" title="Rossese bianco">Rossese bianco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timorasso" title="Timorasso">Timorasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uvalino" title="Uvalino">Uvalino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uva_Rara" title="Uva Rara">Uva Rara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vespolina" title="Vespolina">Vespolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_38-41_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_38-41-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wine_grapes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wine_grapes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Piedmont produces more DOCG wines by volume than any other Italian wine region with nearly 84% of all the areas wine production falling under a DOCG designation. The area has no <i><a href="/wiki/Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">indicazione geografica tipica</a></i> (IGT) classification, in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> where IGT wines or <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Tuscans">Super Tuscans</a> make up a significant portion of that region's wine production.<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_38-41_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_38-41-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Varietal" title="Varietal">varietal</a> style wines are made in the Piedmont region with the name of the grape and town both appearing on the label. Some DOC examples include <a href="/wiki/Barbera_d%27Alba" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbera d'Alba">Barbera d'Alba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbera_d%27Asti" title="Barbera d'Asti">Barbera d'Asti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dolcetto_di_Dogliani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolcetto di Dogliani">Dolcetto di Dogliani</a> made entirely from the Barbera and Dolcetto grape respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_52_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barolo">Barolo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Barolo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Barolo" title="Barolo">Barolo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontanafredda_Barolo_Serralunga_d%E2%80%99Alba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fontanafredda_Barolo_Serralunga_d%E2%80%99Alba.jpg/220px-Fontanafredda_Barolo_Serralunga_d%E2%80%99Alba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fontanafredda_Barolo_Serralunga_d%E2%80%99Alba.jpg/330px-Fontanafredda_Barolo_Serralunga_d%E2%80%99Alba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fontanafredda_Barolo_Serralunga_d%E2%80%99Alba.jpg/440px-Fontanafredda_Barolo_Serralunga_d%E2%80%99Alba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2716" data-file-height="4088" /></a><figcaption>A Barolo from the Serralunga d’Alba region</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1980, the wines of the Barolo region became one of the first Italian wines to receive DOCG status. Produced to the southwest of the town of Alba in the hills of the Langhe, Barolo is a big, <a href="/wiki/Grape_tannins" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape tannins">tannic</a> expression of the Nebbiolo grape. The soil of this area is a composition of <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marl</a> which helps to lessen the naturally high acidity of Nebbiolo. The <a href="/wiki/Tanaro_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanaro river">Tanaro river</a> flows through the heart of Barolo country and serves as a tempering influence on the region's summertime heat till harvest time in late October/mid November. A small wine region, extending over 7 miles in length and 5 miles at its widest point, Barolo produces about 500,000 <a href="/wiki/Case_(goods)" title="Case (goods)">cases</a> of wine annually. Nearly 87% of the zone productions comes from vineyards in five communities:<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_42-46_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_42-46-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barolo" title="Barolo">Barolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castiglione_Falletto" title="Castiglione Falletto">Castiglione Falletto</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Morra" title="La Morra">La Morra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monforte_d%27Alba" title="Monforte d'Alba">Monforte d'Alba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serralunga_d%27Alba" title="Serralunga d'Alba">Serralunga d'Alba</a>. Wines from the Central Valley of La Morra and Barolo tend to be very perfumed and velvety with less tannins than other Barolos. The soil of the Central Valley itself is more clay based with increased levels of <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_oxide" title="Magnesium oxide">magnesium oxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>. The wines from the Serralunga Valley are more full <a href="/wiki/Body_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Body (wine)">bodied</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tannin_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tannin (wine)">tannic</a> and require aging of 12–15 years before they hit their peak.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The soil of the Serralunga is heavy in <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_42-46_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_42-46-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barbaresco">Barbaresco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Barbaresco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Barbaresco" title="Barbaresco">Barbaresco</a></div> <p>Being produced from the same grape as Barolo and less than 10 miles apart, there are a lot of similarities that Barbaresco has with it neighboring wines but the slight <a href="/wiki/Maritime_influence_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime influence (wine)">maritime influence</a> of the Tanaro river helps fashion distinctly different wines. Generally less tannic, Barbaresco tend to be more elegant and approachable in their youth. The Barbaresco DOCG regulation stipulates wines with minimum <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol content">alcohol content</a> of 12.5% and 2 years minimum aging in the winery for standard labels and 4 years minimum for <i><a href="/wiki/Reserve_wine" title="Reserve wine">riservas</a></i> wines. Being an even smaller zone than Barolo, producers in the region produce a little more than 200,000 cases annually. The majority of Barbaresco production takes place in 3 communities:<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_47-51_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_47-51-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barbaresco" title="Barbaresco">Barbaresco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treiso" title="Treiso">Treiso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neive" title="Neive">Neive</a>. The soils in the Barbaresco zone are more uniform across the region which tends to produce a more consistent profile with the wines than what can be achieved across the widely different areas of Barolo.<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_47-51_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_47-51-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moscato_d'Asti"><span id="Moscato_d.27Asti"></span>Moscato d'Asti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Moscato d'Asti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Asti_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asti (wine)">Asti (wine)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscato_d%27asti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Moscato_d%27asti.jpg/220px-Moscato_d%27asti.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Moscato_d%27asti.jpg/330px-Moscato_d%27asti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Moscato_d%27asti.jpg/440px-Moscato_d%27asti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A Moscato d'Asti</figcaption></figure> <p>The white wines made from the <i>Moscato Bianco</i> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Muscat_Blanc_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains" title="Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains">Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains</a>) are most noted for their frizzante and sparkling <i><a href="/wiki/Spumante" class="mw-redirect" title="Spumante">spumante</a></i> styles but some still wines are produced as well. Located northeast of Alba, the wines from the Asti region are known for their delicate light bodies, low alcohol content and slightly sweet nature.<sup id="cite_ref-MacNeil_pg_327_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacNeil_pg_327-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like many sparkling wines, Asti are not <a href="/wiki/Vintage" title="Vintage">vintage</a> dated even though a majority of the grapes might all come from the same vintage year. The wines are typically at their peak between 1 and 2 years from their release.<sup id="cite_ref-Dummies_pg_62_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dummies_pg_62-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_wines">Other wines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other wines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbera_d%27alba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Barbera_d%27alba.jpg/220px-Barbera_d%27alba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Barbera_d%27alba.jpg/330px-Barbera_d%27alba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Barbera_d%27alba.jpg/440px-Barbera_d%27alba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A Barbera d'Alba from Piedmont</figcaption></figure> <p>The Barbera grape is the most widely planted variety in all of the Piedmont and makes a juicy, muscular red wine that is not as tannic as Barolo and Barbaresco. It is grown in nearly every major wine making region of the Piedmont but seems to do best in the southern part of the province of Asti in the <a href="/wiki/Nizza_DOCG" title="Nizza DOCG">Nizza</a> DOCG zone. Some producers are experimenting with blending Barbera with Nebbiolo to combine the former's fruitiness with the later's structure. The light fruitiness of wines from the Dolcetto grape has caused some wine writers to describe it as the Italian version of <a href="/wiki/Beaujolais" title="Beaujolais">Beaujolais</a>. The wines have a sense of spiciness to them with little acid and tannins. They are able to be drunk relatively young and tend to be the every day drinking wines of the Piedmontese.<sup id="cite_ref-MacNeil_pg_331-333_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacNeil_pg_331-333-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Up until the 1980s, when the wines of the <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a> began to receive notice, the white wines of the Gavi region were touted as the best expression of dry Italian wine. Made primarily from the Cortese grape, these wines are noted for their dry, crisp acidity with <a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> notes. The white wines made from the <a href="/wiki/Arneis" title="Arneis">Arneis</a> grape tend to be dry, vibrant and full body with notes of <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a>. Produced in the hills of the Roero to the northwest of Alba, the name Arneis means "rascal" in Piedmontese.<sup id="cite_ref-MacNeil_pg_331-333_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacNeil_pg_331-333-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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title="Terre del Barolo">Terre del Barolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese cuisine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmont_wine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Johnson_pg_412-423-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_pg_412-423_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_pg_412-423_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_pg_412-423_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Johnson <i>Vintage: The Story of Wine</i> pg 412-423 Simon and Schuster 1989. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-68702-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-68702-6">0-671-68702-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dummies_pg_38-41-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_38-41_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_38-41_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_38-41_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_38-41_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy <i>Italian Wines for Dummies</i> pg 38-41 Hungry Minds 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7645-5355-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7645-5355-0">0-7645-5355-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">San Damiano d'Asti climate <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=161161&refer=&units=metric">http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=161161&refer=&units=metric</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bordeaux climate <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=1570&refer=&units=metric">http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=1570&refer=&units=metric</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_pg_525-526-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_525-526_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_525-526_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_pg_525-526_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Robinson (ed) <i>"The Oxford Companion to Wine"</i> Third Edition pg 525-526 Oxford University Press 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860990-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860990-6">0-19-860990-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_Origine_Controllata_e_Garantita#Elenco_di_vini_DOCG" class="mw-redirect" title="Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita">Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita#Elenco di vini DOCG</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regione.piemonte.it/web/temi/agricoltura/viticoltura-enologia/vini-denominazione-origine-docg-doc">"Vini a Denominazione di origine, DOCG e DOC"</a>. <i>Regione Piemonte</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Regione+Piemonte&rft.atitle=Vini+a+Denominazione+di+origine%2C+DOCG+e+DOC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.regione.piemonte.it%2Fweb%2Ftemi%2Fagricoltura%2Fviticoltura-enologia%2Fvini-denominazione-origine-docg-doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiedmont+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wine_grapes-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wine_grapes_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Robinson <i>Jancis Robinson's Guide to Wine Grapes</i> pg 185 Oxford University Press 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198600984" title="Special:BookSources/0198600984">0198600984</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz <i>Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours</i> pgs 82, 910-911, 1106 Allen Lane 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-846-14446-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-846-14446-2">978-1-846-14446-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dummies_pg_52-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_52_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy <i>Italian Wines for Dummies</i> pg 52 Hungry Minds 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7645-5355-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7645-5355-0">0-7645-5355-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dummies_pg_42-46-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_42-46_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_42-46_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy <i>Italian Wines for Dummies</i> pg 42-46 Hungry Minds 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7645-5355-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7645-5355-0">0-7645-5355-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dummies_pg_47-51-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_47-51_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_47-51_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy <i>Italian Wines for Dummies</i> pg 47-51 Hungry Minds 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7645-5355-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7645-5355-0">0-7645-5355-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacNeil_pg_327-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacNeil_pg_327_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. MacNeil <i>The Wine Bible</i> pg 327 Workman Publishing 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56305-434-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56305-434-5">1-56305-434-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dummies_pg_62-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dummies_pg_62_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy <i>Italian Wines for Dummies</i> pg 62 Hungry Minds 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7645-5355-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7645-5355-0">0-7645-5355-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacNeil_pg_331-333-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacNeil_pg_331-333_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacNeil_pg_331-333_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. MacNeil <i>The Wine Bible</i> pg 331-333 Workman Publishing 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56305-434-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56305-434-5">1-56305-434-5</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Piedmont&#124;link=Piedmont_Piedmont" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Piedmont" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Piedmont"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Piedmont&#124;link=Piedmont_Piedmont" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont"><img alt="Piedmont" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/23px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/35px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/45px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces<br />and metropolitan<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Alessandria" title="Province of Alessandria">Alessandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Asti" title="Province of Asti">Asti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Biella" title="Province of Biella">Biella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuneo" title="Province of Cuneo">Cuneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Novara" title="Province of Novara">Novara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Verbano-Cusio-Ossola" title="Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola">Verbano-Cusio-Ossola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Vercelli" title="Province of Vercelli">Vercelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_of_Piedmont" class="mw-redirect" title="List of communes of Piedmont">List of communes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_region_of_Piedmont,_Italy,_with_provinces-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/180px-Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/270px-Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/360px-Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3493" data-file-height="4314" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Turin" title="March of Turin">March of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Montferrat" title="March of Montferrat">March of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Montferrat" title="Duchy of Montferrat">Duchy of Montferrat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Montferrat" title="List of rulers of Montferrat">Monarchs of Montferrat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sardinia">Monarchs of Sardinia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Republic" title="Piedmontese Republic">Piedmontese Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Alba" title="Republic of Alba">Republic of Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subalpine_Republic" title="Subalpine Republic">Subalpine Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Piedmont" title="Politics of Piedmont">Politics and<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Piedmont" title="Elections in Piedmont">Elections in Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Piedmont" title="List of presidents of Piedmont">List of presidents of Piedmont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Piedmont" title="Category:Education in Piedmont">Education</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Piedmont" title="Category:Culture in Piedmont">culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Turin" title="Art Nouveau in Turin">Art Nouveau in Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin" title="University of Turin">University of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piemonte_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piemonte (wine)">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Piedmont" title="Flag of Piedmont">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Piedmont" title="Category:Piedmont">Categories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wines_and_winemaking" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Wines_and_winemaking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wines" title="Template:Wines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wines" title="Template talk:Wines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annual_growth_cycle_of_grapevines" title="Annual growth cycle of grapevines">Annual growth cycle of grapevines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenology" title="Oenology">Oenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitis#Species" title="Vitis">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veraison" title="Veraison">Veraison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">Vineyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicians_and_wine" title="Phoenicians and wine">Phoenicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Ancient Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome_and_wine" title="Ancient Rome and wine">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wine" title="Noah's wine">Noah's wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_wine" title="History of French wine">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_French_Wine_Blight" title="Great French Wine Blight">Great French Wine Blight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine#History" title="Georgian wine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris_(wine)" title="Judgment of Paris (wine)">Judgment of Paris</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">Sparkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9" title="Rosé">Rosé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_wine" title="Orange wine">Orange</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">Dessert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">Fortified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_wine" title="Ice wine">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatised_wine" title="Aromatised wine">Aromatized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_wine" title="Fruit wine">Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_wine" title="Straw wine">Straw</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_wine" title="Table wine">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_wine" title="Natural wine">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_wine" title="Biodynamic wine">Biodynamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_wine" title="Organic wine">Organic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top <a href="/wiki/List_of_grape_varieties" title="List of grape varieties">grape varieties</a><br />by acreage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air%C3%A9n" title="Airén">Airén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligot%C3%A9" title="Aligoté">Aligoté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catarratto" title="Catarratto">Catarratto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayetana_blanca" title="Cayetana blanca">Cayetana blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenin_blanc" title="Chenin blanc">Chenin blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombard" title="Colombard">Colombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glera_(grape)" title="Glera (grape)">Glera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCner_Veltliner" title="Grüner Veltliner">Grüner Veltliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macabeo" title="Macabeo">Macabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller-Thurgau" title="Müller-Thurgau">Müller-Thurgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_Blanc_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains" title="Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains">Muscat blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_of_Alexandria" title="Muscat of Alexandria">Muscat of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomino_(grape)" title="Palomino (grape)">Palomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rkatsiteli" title="Rkatsiteli">Rkatsiteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9millon" title="Sémillon">Sémillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welschriesling" title="Welschriesling">Welschriesling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alicante_Bouschet" title="Alicante Bouschet">Alicante Bouschet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobal" title="Bobal">Bobal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carignan" title="Carignan">Carignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinsaut" title="Cinsaut">Cinsaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douce_noir" title="Douce noir">Douce noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamay" title="Gamay">Gamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenache" title="Grenache">Grenache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_(grape)" title="Isabella (grape)">Isabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malbec" title="Malbec">Malbec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_(grape)" title="Montepulciano (grape)">Montepulciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourv%C3%A8dre" title="Mourvèdre">Mourvèdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempranillo" title="Tempranillo">Tempranillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions" title="List of wine-producing regions">Major regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_World_wine" title="Old World wine">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Packaging, <a href="/wiki/Wine_accessory" title="Wine accessory">accessories</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Storage_of_wine" title="Storage of wine">storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkscrew" title="Corkscrew">Corkscrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decanter" title="Decanter">Decanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_wine" title="Jug wine">Jug wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri">Kvevri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muselet" title="Muselet">Muselet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_tongs" title="Port tongs">Port tongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cave" title="Wine cave">Wine cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cork" title="Wine cork">Wine cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_dispenser" title="Wine dispenser">Wine dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_glass" title="Wine glass">Wine glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_label" title="Wine label">Wine label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_rack" title="Wine rack">Wine rack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_of_wine" title="Aroma of wine">Aroma of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Acids in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine" title="Phenolic content in wine">Phenolic content in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteins_in_wine" title="Proteins in wine">Proteins in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_wine" title="Classification of wine">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenophilia" title="Oenophilia">Oenophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommelier" title="Sommelier">Sommelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fault" title="Wine fault">Wine fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaker" title="Winemaker">Winemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine_personalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine personalities">Wine personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting" title="Wine tasting">Wine tasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/8px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/13px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/17px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine portal</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_wine" title="Outline of wine">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_wine_terms" title="Glossary of wine terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winemaking" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winemaking" title="Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winemaking" title="Template talk:Winemaking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winemaking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvest_(wine)" title="Harvest (wine)">Harvest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_harvest_wine" title="Late harvest wine">Late harvest wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage" title="Vintage">Vintage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pressing_(wine)" title="Pressing (wine)">Pressing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Deacidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destemming" class="mw-redirect" title="Destemming">Destemming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaptalization" title="Chaptalization">Chaptalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine press">Wine press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maceration_(wine)" title="Maceration (wine)">Maceration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_maceration" title="Carbonic maceration">Carbonic maceration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermentation_in_winemaking" title="Fermentation in winemaking">Fermentation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation" title="Malolactic fermentation">Malolactic fermentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine_production" title="Sparkling wine production">Sparkling wine production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCssreserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Süssreserve">Süssreserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_method" title="Traditional method">Traditional method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_assimilable_nitrogen" title="Yeast assimilable nitrogen">Yeast assimilable nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_wine" title="Aging of wine">Aging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_(wine)" title="Oak (wine)">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solera" title="Solera">Solera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other steps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarification_and_stabilization_of_wine" title="Clarification and stabilization of wine">Clarification and stabilization of wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winery" title="Winery">Winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_viticulture_terms" title="Glossary of viticulture terms">Glossary of viticulture terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_winemaking_terms" title="Glossary of winemaking terms">Glossary of winemaking terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press" title="History of the wine press">History of the wine press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/8px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/13px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/17px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisine_of_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisine_of_Italy" title="Template:Cuisine of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Cuisine of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisine_of_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Cuisine of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisines_of_medieval_Europe#Italy" title="Regional cuisines of medieval Europe">Medieval cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine#Italy" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Contemporary cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine" title="Arbëreshë cuisine">Arbëreshë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mantua" title="Cuisine of Mantua">Mantuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pasta and sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pasta" title="List of pasta">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonara" title="Carbonara">Carbonara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">Pesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rag%C3%B9" title="Ragù">Ragù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_rag%C3%B9" title="Neapolitan ragù">Neapolitan ragù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struncatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Struncatura">Struncatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrabbiata_sauce" title="Arrabbiata sauce">Arrabbiata sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatriciana_sauce" title="Amatriciana sauce">Amatriciana sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinara_sauce" title="Marinara sauce">Marinara sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_sauce" title="Genovese sauce">Genovese sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_sauce" title="Bolognese sauce">Bolognese sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checca_sauce" title="Checca sauce">Checca sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo">Fettuccine Alfredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_alla_Norma" title="Pasta alla Norma">Pasta alla Norma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_con_i_peperoni_cruschi" title="Pasta con i peperoni cruschi">Pasta con i peperoni cruschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_con_le_sarde" title="Pasta con le sarde">Pasta con le sarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_e_fagioli" title="Pasta e fagioli">Pasta e fagioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_al_pomodoro" title="Pasta al pomodoro">Pasta al pomodoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigatoni_con_la_Pajata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigatoni con la Pajata">Rigatoni con la Pajata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacio_e_pepe" title="Cacio e pepe">Cacio e pepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_aglio_e_olio" title="Spaghetti aglio e olio">Spaghetti aglio e olio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_puttanesca" title="Spaghetti alla puttanesca">Spaghetti alla puttanesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alle_vongole" title="Spaghetti alle vongole">Spaghetti alle vongole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumact_me_tulez" title="Tumact me tulez">Tumact me tulez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_soups" title="List of Italian soups">Soups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soup_alla_Canavese" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup alla Canavese">Soup alla canavese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_alla_modenese" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup alla modenese">Soup alla modenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquacotta" title="Acquacotta">Acquacotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagnun" title="Bagnun">Bagnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minestrone" title="Minestrone">Minestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribollita" title="Ribollita">Ribollita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other dishes (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_foods_and_drinks" title="List of Italian foods and drinks">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbacchio" title="Abbacchio">Abbacchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagna_c%C3%A0uda" title="Bagna càuda">Bagna càuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braciola" title="Braciola">Braciola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruschetta" title="Bruschetta">Bruschetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruscitti" title="Bruscitti">Bruscitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotoletta" title="Cotoletta">Cotoletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotoletta_alla_milanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotoletta alla milanese">Cotoletta alla milanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crostino" class="mw-redirect" title="Crostino">Crostino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollito_misto" title="Bollito misto">Bollito misto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0_alla_lucana" title="Baccalà alla lucana">Baccalà alla lucana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0_alla_vicentina" title="Baccalà alla vicentina">Baccalà alla vicentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacciatore" title="Cacciatore">Cacciatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacciucco" title="Cacciucco">Cacciucco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caponata" title="Caponata">Caponata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappon_magro" title="Cappon magro">Cappon magro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprese_salad" title="Caprese salad">Caprese salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carciofi_alla_romana" title="Carciofi alla romana">Carciofi alla romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpaccio" title="Carpaccio">Carpaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carne_pizzaiola" title="Carne pizzaiola">Carne pizzaiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassoeula" title="Cassoeula">Cassoeula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciambotta" title="Ciambotta">Ciambotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciccioli" title="Ciccioli">Ciccioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_alla_vaccinara" title="Coda alla vaccinara">Coda alla vaccinara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-bone_steak" title="T-bone steak">Fiorentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue">Fondue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frico" title="Frico">Frico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittata" title="Frittata">Frittata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittola_(meat_dish)" title="Frittola (meat dish)">Frittola (meat dish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittola_(doughnut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frittola (doughnut)">Frittola (doughnut)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_stew" class="mw-redirect" title="Istrian stew">Istrian stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampredotto" title="Lampredotto">Lampredotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porchetta" title="Porchetta">Porchetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzanella" title="Panzanella">Panzanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmigiana" title="Parmigiana">Parmigiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossobuco" title="Ossobuco">Ossobuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orzotto" title="Orzotto">Orzotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafanata" title="Rafanata">Rafanata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">Risotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollatini" title="Rollatini">Rollatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltimbocca" title="Saltimbocca">Saltimbocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaloppine" title="Scaloppine">Scaloppine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timballo" title="Timballo">Timballo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitello_tonnato" title="Vitello tonnato">Vitello tonnato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pizza and street food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_al_taglio" title="Pizza al taglio">al taglio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza" title="Neapolitan pizza">Neapolitan pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_pizza" title="Sicilian pizza">Sicilian pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pissaladi%C3%A8re" title="Pissaladière">Piscialandrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calzone" title="Calzone">Calzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerotti" title="Panzerotti">Panzerotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocch%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocchè">Crocchè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arancini" title="Arancini">Arancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppl%C3%AC" title="Supplì">Supplì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittula_(meat_dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frittula (meat dish)">Frittula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Panelle">Panelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pani_c%C3%A2_meusa" title="Pani câ meusa">Pani câ meusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panini_(sandwich)" title="Panini (sandwich)">Panino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">Piadina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">Arrosticini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">Farinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramezzino" title="Tramezzino">Tramezzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zippuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Zippuli">Zippuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardenara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardenara">Sardenara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%27_pastizz_%27rtunnar" title="U' pastizz 'rtunnar">U' pastizz 'rtunnar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses and charcuterie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_cheeses" title="List of Italian cheeses">Cheeses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_PDO_cheeses" title="List of Italian PDO cheeses">PDO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastry and desserts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_desserts_and_pastries" title="List of Italian desserts and pastries">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bocconotto" title="Bocconotto">Bocconotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombolone_(doughnut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombolone (doughnut)">Bombolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruttiboni" title="Bruttiboni">Bruttiboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccellato" title="Buccellato">Buccellato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budino" title="Budino">Budino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Cannoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti" title="Biscotti">Cantuccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassata" title="Cassata">Cassata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassatella_di_sant%27Agata" title="Cassatella di sant'Agata">Cassatella di sant'Agata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castagnaccio" title="Castagnaccio">Castagnaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavallucci" title="Cavallucci">Cavallucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colomba_di_Pasqua" class="mw-redirect" title="Colomba di Pasqua">Colomba di Pasqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crostata" title="Crostata">Crostata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocetta_of_Caltanissetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocetta of Caltanissetta">Crocetta of Caltanissetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelato" title="Gelato">Gelato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granita" title="Granita">Granita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grattachecca" title="Grattachecca">Grattachecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustacciuoli" title="Mustacciuoli">Mustacciuoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_ice_cream" title="Neapolitan ice cream">Neapolitan ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neccio" title="Neccio">Neccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandoro" title="Pandoro">Pandoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">Panettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panforte" title="Panforte">Panforte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panna_cotta" title="Panna cotta">Panna cotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panpepato" title="Panpepato">Panpepato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrozzo" title="Parrozzo">Parrozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastiera" title="Pastiera">Pastiera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pignolata" title="Pignolata">Pignolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricciarelli" title="Ricciarelli">Ricciarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seada" title="Seada">Seada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semifreddo" title="Semifreddo">Semifreddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfogliatelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfogliatelle">Sfogliatelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbet" title="Sorbet">Sorbetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_cake" title="Sponge cake">Sponge cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spumoni" title="Spumoni">Spumoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struffoli" title="Struffoli">Struffoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartufo" title="Tartufo">Tartufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiramisu" title="Tiramisu">Tiramisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón">Torrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torta_caprese" title="Torta caprese">Torta caprese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaione" title="Zabaione">Zabaione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppole" title="Zeppole">Zeppole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuccotto" title="Zuccotto">Zuccotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuppa_Inglese" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuppa Inglese">Zuppa Inglese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borlengo" title="Borlengo">Borlengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadstick" title="Breadstick">Breadstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciabatta" title="Ciabatta">Ciabatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppia_Ferrarese" class="mw-redirect" title="Coppia Ferrarese">Coppia Ferrarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filone" title="Filone">Filone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michetta" title="Michetta">Michetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pane_carasau" title="Pane carasau">Pane carasau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pane_di_Altamura" title="Pane di Altamura">Pane di Altamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pane_sciocco" title="Pane sciocco">Pane sciocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sgabeo" title="Sgabeo">Sgabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taralli" title="Taralli">Taralli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastedda" title="Vastedda">Vastedda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Varieties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_IGT_wines" title="List of Italian IGT wines">IGT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_DOCG_wines" title="List of Italian DOCG wines">DOCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_DOC_wines" title="List of Italian DOC wines">DOC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_(wine_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abruzzo (wine region)">Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabrian_wine" title="Calabrian wine">Calabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia_wine" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine">Friulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardia_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lombardia (wine)">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piemonte_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piemonte (wine)">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_wine" title="Tuscan wine">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_wine" title="Venetian wine">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcoholic beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Italy" title="Beer in Italy">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">Sambuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirto_(liqueur)" title="Mirto (liqueur)">Mirto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritz_(cocktail)" title="Spritz (cocktail)">Spritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernet" title="Fernet">Fernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aperol" title="Aperol">Aperol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynar" title="Cynar">Cynar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaro_(liqueur)" title="Amaro (liqueur)">Amaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">Nocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerbe" title="Centerbe">Centerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargnolino" title="Bargnolino">Bargnolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraschino" title="Maraschino">Maraschino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassolino" title="Sassolino">Sassolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strega_(liqueur)" title="Strega (liqueur)">Strega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosolio" title="Rosolio">Rosolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galliano_(liqueur)" title="Galliano (liqueur)">Galliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frangelico" title="Frangelico">Frangelico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchermes" title="Alchermes">Alchermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurum_(liqueur)" title="Aurum (liqueur)">Aurum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coffee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Caffè">Caffè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">Espresso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lungo" title="Lungo">Lungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ristretto" title="Ristretto">Ristretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppio" title="Doppio">Doppio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espressino" title="Espressino">Espressino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappuccino" title="Cappuccino">Cappuccino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte" title="Latte">Caffelatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte_macchiato" title="Latte macchiato">Latte macchiato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_macchiato" title="Caffè macchiato">Caffè macchiato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_corretto" title="Caffè corretto">Caffè corretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affogato" title="Affogato">Affogato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocaccino" class="mw-redirect" title="Mocaccino">Mocaccino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marocchino" title="Marocchino">Marocchino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicerin" title="Bicerin">Bicerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbajada" title="Barbajada">Barbajada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardino" title="Bombardino">Bombardino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian-American cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_food_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian food products">Italian food products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausages_in_Italian_cuisine" title="Sausages in Italian cuisine">Sausages in Italian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteria" title="Osteria">Osteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trattoria" title="Trattoria">Trattoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoteca" title="Enoteca">Enoteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagra_(festival)" title="Sagra (festival)">Sagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_chefs" title="List of Italian chefs">List of Italian chefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_foods_and_drinks" title="List of Italian foods and drinks">List of Italian foods and drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_meal_structure" title="Italian meal structure">Meal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Sounding" title="Italian Sounding">Italian Sounding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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