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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Protozoa" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Protozoa" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Protozoa" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Protozoa" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Naam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Naam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorkomen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorkomen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voorkomen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorkomen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Taxonomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Taxonomie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Praktische_indeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Praktische_indeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Praktische indeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Praktische_indeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voetnoten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voetnoten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voetnoten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voetnoten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referenties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Protozoa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 95 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoen" title="Protozoen – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Protozoen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86)" title="أولي (كائن) – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أولي (كائن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89" title="اوالى – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوالى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="আদ্যপ্ৰাণী – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আদ্যপ্ৰাণী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoz%C3%B3u" title="Protozóu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Protozóu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoylar" title="Protozoylar – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Protozoylar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پروتوزویلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پروتوزویلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Прасцейшыя – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прасцейшыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Първаци – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Първаци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပရိုတိုသုန်း – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပရိုတိုသုန်း" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রোটোজোয়া – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রোটোজোয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozous" title="Protozous – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protozous" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زیندەوەرە سەرەتایییەکان – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زیندەوەرە سەرەتایییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvoci" title="Prvoci – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prvoci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Чи ансаттисем – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чи ансаттисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoer" title="Protozoer – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Protozoer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoen" title="Protozoen – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Protozoen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%B1" title="Πρωτόζωα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωτόζωα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoo" title="Protozoo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Protozoo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoo" title="Protozoo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Protozoo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainuraksed" title="Ainuraksed – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ainuraksed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoo" title="Protozoo – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Protozoo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A2" title="پروتوزوآ – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروتوزوآ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkuel%C3%A4imet" title="Alkueläimet – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alkueläimet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoaire" title="Protozoaire – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Protozoaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3tas%C3%B3in" title="Prótasóin – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Prótasóin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoos" title="Protozoos – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Protozoos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protosoa" title="Protosoa – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Protosoa" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="פרוטוזואה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרוטוזואה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="आदिजन्तु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आदिजन्तु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%BEivotinje" title="Praživotinje – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Praživotinje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwotozoy%C3%A8" title="Pwotozoyè – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pwotozoyè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Նախակենդանիներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նախակենդանիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoo" title="Protozoo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Protozoo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumd%C3%BDr" title="Frumdýr – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumdýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="原生動物 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="原生動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="უმარტივესები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უმარტივესები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қарапайымдар – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қарапайымдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5" title="ಪ್ರೋಟೊಜ಼ೋವ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರೋಟೊಜ಼ೋವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%83%9D%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="원생동물 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원생동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D3%A9%D0%BD%D3%A9%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Жөнөкөйлөр – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жөнөкөйлөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotozoowa" title="Polotozoowa – Luganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Polotozoowa" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Luganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoe" title="Protozoe – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Protozoe" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vien%C5%A1%C5%AB%C5%86i" title="Vienšūņi – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vienšūņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Праживотни – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Праживотни" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5" title="പ്രോട്ടോസോവ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രോട്ടോസോവ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB" title="မူလသတ္တဝါ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မူလသတ္တဝါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozo" title="Protozo – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Protozo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozo" title="Protozo – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Protozo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoari" title="Protozoari – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Protozoari" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durneefka" title="Durneefka – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Durneefka" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC%C3%A6%D1%82%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%B4%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Хуымæтæгдæртæ – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хуымæтæгдæртæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%86" title="ਪ੍ਰੋਟੋਜ਼ੋਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰੋਟੋਜ਼ੋਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierwotniaki" title="Pierwotniaki – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pierwotniaki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7" title="پروٹوزوا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پروٹوزوا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozo%C3%A1rio" title="Protozoário – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Protozoário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoar" title="Protozoar – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Protozoar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_Protozoa" title="Regnum Protozoa – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Regnum Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Простейшие – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Простейшие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvoky" title="Prvoky – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prvoky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%BEivali" title="Praživali – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Praživali" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Праживотиње – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Праживотиње" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoer" title="Protozoer – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Protozoer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="மூத்தவிலங்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூத்தவிலங்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE" title="ప్రోటోజోవా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రోటోజోవా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Содатаринҳо – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Содатаринҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7" title="โพรโทซัว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โพรโทซัว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%88%D1%96" title="Найпростіші – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Найпростіші" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7" title="پروٹوزوا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پروٹوزوا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROTOZOA" title="PROTOZOA – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="PROTOZOA" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_nguy%C3%AAn_sinh" title="Động vật nguyên sinh – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật nguyên sinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozowaire" title="Protozowaire – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Protozowaire" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Protozoa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="原生动物 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="原生动物" 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wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q101274" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#e0d0b0; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><big>Protozoa</big><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Fossiel" title="Fossiel">Fossiel</a> voorkomen: <a href="/wiki/Orosirium" title="Orosirium">Orosirium</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — <a href="/wiki/Holoceen" title="Holoceen">heden</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Protozoa_collage_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Protozoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Protozoa_collage_2.jpg/266px-Protozoa_collage_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Protozoa_collage_2.jpg/399px-Protozoa_collage_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Protozoa_collage_2.jpg/532px-Protozoa_collage_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2539" data-file-height="2928" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #e0d0b0; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_(biologie)" title="Taxonomie (biologie)">Taxonomische indeling</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Domein_(biologie)" title="Domein (biologie)">Domein</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryota</a> (Eukaryoten)</td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #e0d0b0; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">Rijk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center"><b>Protozoa</b><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></small><small>, 1981</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #e0d0b0; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;" colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Protista" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Protista">Afbeeldingen</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Protozoa" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Protozoa">Protozoa</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/15px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #e0d0b0; color:inherit;" colspan="2"> <table style="margin:0 auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Protozoa</b> of <b>protozoën</b> is de <a href="/wiki/Vergaarbaktaxon" title="Vergaarbaktaxon">informele benaming</a> voor een groep <a href="/wiki/Eencellige" title="Eencellige">eencellige</a>, vaak <a href="/wiki/Motiliteit" title="Motiliteit">beweeglijke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heterotroof" title="Heterotroof">heterotrofe</a> <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">eukaryoten</a> zonder <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplasten</a>, die zelfstandig leven, of op andere levensvormen <a href="/wiki/Parasiet" title="Parasiet">parasiteren</a>. Samen met de eencellige, <a href="/wiki/Autotroof" title="Autotroof">autotrofe</a> <a href="/wiki/Algen" title="Algen">algen</a>, vormen de protozoa de eveneens informele, eukaryote groep der <a href="/wiki/Protisten" title="Protisten">protisten</a>. De protisten worden tegenwoordig naar hun <a href="/wiki/Fylogenie" title="Fylogenie">fylogenetische</a> afstamming verdeeld over de verschillende <a href="/wiki/Supergroep_(biologie)" title="Supergroep (biologie)">supergroepen</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naam">Naam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protozoa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Naam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protozoa&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Naam"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De term protozoa is samengesteld van het <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Griekse</a> πρῶτος (<i>prôtos</i>) en ζῶα (<i>zôa</i>) wat respectievelijk "eerste" en "diertje" betekent.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het gebruik van protozoa als een naam voor een taxon is ontmoedigd, met name omdat de term een verwantschap met dieren (<a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">metazoa</a>) impliceert,<sup id="cite_ref-Hogg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en omdat het een arbitrair onderscheid maakt tussen dierachtige en plantachtige organismen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorkomen">Voorkomen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protozoa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorkomen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protozoa&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorkomen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zelfstandig levende soorten protozoa voeden zich met celmateriaal van andere, bepaalde soorten <a href="/wiki/Micro-organisme" title="Micro-organisme">micro-organismen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In het verleden werden protozoa beschouwd als eencellige 'diertjes', omdat ze het vermogen hebben zich te oriënteren, zich gericht te <a href="/wiki/Motiliteit" title="Motiliteit">bewegen</a> en primitief <a href="/wiki/Predatie" title="Predatie">predatiegedrag</a> vertonen. De protozoa zijn tegenwoordig niet meer geclassificeerd als <a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">dieren</a>, de huidige verzamelterm 'protozoa' verwijst naar de talloze, uiteenlopende soorten eencellige, <a href="/wiki/Heterotroof" title="Heterotroof">heterotrofe</a> eukaryoten die zich zelfstandig kunnen voortbewegen. </p><p>Protozoa zijn <a href="/wiki/Heterotroof" title="Heterotroof">heterotroof</a>, en daarmee onderscheiden ze zich van micro-organismen die <a href="/wiki/Fotosynthese" title="Fotosynthese">fotosynthese</a> gebruiken om in leven te blijven. Er zijn wel een aantal eencellige soorten <a href="/wiki/Algen" title="Algen">algen</a> bekend, zoals sommige soorten van de geslachten <i><a href="/wiki/Euglena" title="Euglena">Euglena</a></i> en <i><a href="/wiki/Dinobryon" title="Dinobryon">Dinobryon</a></i>, die <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplasten</a> bevatten voor fotosynthese, maar zich ook voeden met organisch materiaal en <a href="/wiki/Motiliteit" title="Motiliteit">motiliteit</a> vertonen. Van deze <a href="/wiki/Mixotroof" title="Mixotroof">mixotrofe</a> organismen is het niet duidelijk of ze beschouwd moesten worden als protozoa.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogg_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Protozoa leven als <a href="/wiki/Symbiont" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbiont">symbionten</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Pens" title="Pens">pens</a> (het rumen) van de koe, waar ze, samen met eveneens <a href="/wiki/Symbiose" title="Symbiose">symbiotische</a> <a href="/wiki/Bacteri%C3%ABn" title="Bacteriën">bacteriën</a> en schimmels, <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a> (en andere plantaardige stoffen) uit het door de <a href="/wiki/Gastheer_(biologie)" title="Gastheer (biologie)">gastheer</a> ingenomen voedsel <a href="/wiki/Stofwisseling" title="Stofwisseling">omzetten</a> in eenvoudigere <a href="/wiki/Organische_verbinding" title="Organische verbinding">verbindingen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomie">Taxonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protozoa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Taxonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protozoa&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Taxonomie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1818 kregen de protozoa voor het eerst een plaats in de <a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_(biologie)" title="Taxonomie (biologie)">taxonomische hiërarchie</a>, namelijk als <a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologie)" title="Klasse (biologie)">klasse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In latere classificaties werd het verplaatst naar hogere niveaus, zoals naar <a href="/wiki/Stam_(biologie)" title="Stam (biologie)">stam (fylum)</a> en <a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">rijk</a>. Volgens de classificatiesystemen voorgesteld door <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Thomas Cavalier-Smith</a> in 1981 vormen de protozoa een rijk.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 werden er acht fyla onder de protozoa geplaatst.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volgens deze classificatie vormen de protozoa geen <a href="/wiki/Monofyletische_groep" title="Monofyletische groep">monofyletische groep</a> (clade), maar een <a href="/wiki/Parafyletische_groep" title="Parafyletische groep">parafyletische groep</a> (grade), waarbinnen een gemeenschappelijke voorouder en al zijn nakomelingen, maar met uitzondering van de vertegenwoordigers van de <a href="/wiki/Schimmels" title="Schimmels">schimmels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">dieren</a> en <a href="/wiki/Chromista" title="Chromista">chromista</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="vatop" style="background-color:aliceblue;text-align:left;font-size:90%;line-height:110%;border:dotted thin teal;border-radius:8px;" cellspacing="0"> <caption><div style="line-height:135%;background-color:dimgray;border:double medium transparent;border-radius:8px;color:white;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"><b>Fylogenetische stamboom domeinen, supergroepen en rijken</b></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56498116">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:20px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li.lastline{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul{margin-left:-1px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> <a href="/wiki/LUCA_(evolutie)" title="LUCA (evolutie)">LUCA</a> <ul><li><div style="line-height:135%;background-color:floralwhite;border:solid medium paleturquoise;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Domein_(biologie)" title="Domein (biologie)">Domein</a> <a href="/wiki/Eubacteri%C3%ABn" title="Eubacteriën">Eubacteria</a> (Ehrenberg 1828) <small>(→ <span style="line-height:135%;background-color:khaki;border:solid thin transparent;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Prokaryoten" title="Prokaryoten">prokaryoten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monera" title="Monera">Monera</a></span>)</small></div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline emptyline"> <ul><li><div style="line-height:135%;background-color:floralwhite;border:solid medium paleturquoise;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;">Domein <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a> (Woese et al. 1990) <small>(→ <span style="line-height:135%;background-color:khaki;border:solid thin transparent;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;">prokaryoten, Monera</span>)</small></div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"><div style="line-height:135%;background-color:floralwhite;border:solid medium paleturquoise;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;">Domein <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryota</a> <ul><li><div style="line-height:135%;background-color:lightcyan;border:solid medium paleturquoise;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Supergroep_(biologie)" title="Supergroep (biologie)">Supergroep</a> <a href="/wiki/Unikonta" title="Unikonta">Unikonta</a> (Cavalier-Smith 2002) <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="emptyline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">Rijk</a> <a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">Animalia</a> (Linnaeus 1758)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Rijk <a href="/wiki/Schimmels" title="Schimmels">Fungi</a> (Linnaeus 1753)</li></ul></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Rijk <a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoae</a> (Lühe 1913, em. Corliss 1984) <small>(→ <span style="line-height:135%;background-color:khaki;border:solid thin transparent;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Protisten" title="Protisten">protisten</a></span>)</small></li></ul></div></li> <li><div style="line-height:135%;background-color:lightcyan;border:solid medium paleturquoise;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;">Supergroep <a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavata</a> (Cavalier-Smith 2002) <small>(→ <span style="line-height:135%;background-color:khaki;border:solid thin transparent;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;">protisten</span>)</small> <ul><li>Rijk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euexcavatae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euexcavatae (de pagina bestaat niet)">Euexcavatae</a> (Holt & Iudica)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Rijk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discicristatae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discicristatae (de pagina bestaat niet)">Discicristatae</a> (Cavalier-Smith 2002)</li></ul></div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> <a href="/wiki/Bikonta" title="Bikonta">Bikonta</a> (Cavalier-Smith 2002) <ul><li><div style="line-height:135%;background-color:lightcyan;border:solid medium paleturquoise;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;">Supergroep <a href="/wiki/Chromalveolata" title="Chromalveolata">Chromalveolata</a> (Adl et al. 2005) <small>(→ <span style="line-height:135%;background-color:khaki;border:solid thin transparent;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;">protisten</span>)</small> <ul><li>Rijk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hacrobiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hacrobiae (de pagina bestaat niet)">Hacrobiae</a> (Cavalier-Smith 2010)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> <a href="/wiki/Harosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harosa">Harosa</a> (Cavalier-Smith 2010) <small>(SAR, RAS)</small> <ul><li>Rijk <a href="/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria">Rhizariae</a> (Cavalier-Smith 1993) <small>(Rhizaria)</small></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline emptyline"> <ul><li>Rijk <a href="/wiki/Alveolatae" title="Alveolatae">Alveolatae</a> (Cavalier-Smith 1991)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Rijk <a href="/wiki/Chromista" title="Chromista">Heterokontae</a> (Cavalier-Smith 1986) <small>(Stramenopiles)</small></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"><div style="line-height:135%;background-color:lightcyan;border:solid medium paleturquoise;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;">Supergroep <a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a> (Adl et al. 2005) <ul><li>Rijk <a href="/wiki/Viridiplantae" title="Viridiplantae">Viridiplantae</a> (Cavalier-Smith 1981)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Rijk <a href="/wiki/Rhodoplantae" title="Rhodoplantae">Rhodoplantae</a> (Saunders & Hommersand 2004) <small>(→ <span style="line-height:135%;background-color:khaki;border:solid thin transparent;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;">protisten</span>)</small></li></ul></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="line-height:135%;background-color:whitesmoke;border:solid thin slategray;border-radius:2px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> <dl><dd><small>(→ <span style="line-height:135%;background-color:khaki;border:solid thin transparent;border-radius:8px;color:black;padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;">behoort tot de ...</span>)</small> wordt ook gerekend tot een <a href="/wiki/Polyfyletische_groep" title="Polyfyletische groep">polyfyletische groep</a></dd></dl></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Praktische_indeling">Praktische indeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protozoa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Praktische indeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protozoa&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Praktische indeling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De protozoën werden provisorisch in vier groepen verdeeld, naar de manier waarop ze zich voortbewegen: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Flagellata" title="Flagellata">Flagellata</a>: flagellaten of zweepdiertjes. Flagellaten bezitten <a href="/wiki/Zweepstaartje" title="Zweepstaartje">flagellen</a> waarmee ze zich kunnen voortbewegen en voeden.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliophora" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciliophora">Ciliophora</a>: ciliaten of trilhaardiertjes. Ciliaten hebben over de oppervlakte van de gehele cel kleine <a href="/wiki/Trilhaar" title="Trilhaar">ciliën</a>. Met deze trilhaartjes kunnen ze zich voortbewegen. Een voorbeeld is het <a href="/wiki/Pantoffeldiertje" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantoffeldiertje">pantoffeldiertje</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a>: amoeben of Sarcodina. Amoeben hebben een veranderlijke vorm, en hebben <a href="/wiki/Pseudopodium" title="Pseudopodium">schijnvoetjes of <i>pseudopodia</i></a>. Met deze pseudopodia kunnen amoebozoa zich voortbewegen en voeden door <a href="/wiki/Fagocytose" title="Fagocytose">fagocytose</a>. Een voorbeeld is <i><a href="/wiki/Entamoeba_histolytica" title="Entamoeba histolytica">Entamoeba histolytica</a>.</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a> of sporediertjes. Dit zijn complexere, eencellige eukaryoten waarvan de meeste <a href="/wiki/Spore" title="Spore">sporen</a> kunnen vormen, ten behoeve van hun <a href="/wiki/Voortplanting_(biologie)" title="Voortplanting (biologie)">voortplanting</a>. Veel Apicomplexa leven als <a href="/wiki/Parasiet" title="Parasiet">parasiet</a>, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Plasmodium_(eencellige)" title="Plasmodium (eencellige)">Plasmodium</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Pathogeen" title="Pathogeen">veroorzaker</a> van <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protozoa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protozoa&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microbiologie" title="Microbiologie">Microbiologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B6plankton" title="Zoöplankton">Zoöplankton</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><div style="margin-top:-16px"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voetnoten">Voetnoten</h2></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Namelijk de <a href="/wiki/Euglenozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Euglenozoa">euglenozoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">amoebozoa</a>, metamonada, choanozoa, loukozoa, percolozoa, <a href="/wiki/Microsporidia" title="Microsporidia">microsporidia</a> and sulcozoa.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opvallend genoeg waren dit geen groepen organismen uit die traditioneel wel vaak tot de protozoa werden gerekend, zoals de <a href="/wiki/Ciliophora" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciliophora">ciliaten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellaten" title="Dinoflagellaten">dinoflagellaten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">foraminiferen</a> en de parasitaire <a href="/wiki/Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">apicomplexa</a>, die allen staan geclassificeerd onder het rijk <a href="/wiki/Chromista" title="Chromista">chromista</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenties">Referenties</h2></div> <div class="reflist" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;-moz-column-width:30em; -webkit-column-width:30em; column-width:30em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2006"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Knoll AH, Javaux EJ, Hewitt D, Cohen P</span> (2006). <cite>Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans</cite>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i> <b>361</b> (1470): 1023–1038. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16754612">16754612</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1843">10.1098/rstb.2006.1843</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1981"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Frans">(<span>fr</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Anatole Bailly</span> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1981-01-01">1 januari 1981</span>). <cite><i>Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français</i></cite>. Hachette, Paris. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-2010035289" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-2010035289">ISBN 978-2010035289</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hogg-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Hogg_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogg_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFHogg1860"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hogg, John</span> (1860). <cite>On the distinctions of a plant and an animal and on a fourth kingdom of Nature</cite>. <i>Edinb N Phil J (N Ser)</i> <b>12</b>: 216–225. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFCopeland1947"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Copeland, Herbert F.</span> (September–October 1947). <cite>Progress Report on Basic Classification</cite>. <i>The American Naturalist</i> <b>81</b> (800): 340–361. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086/281531">10.1086/281531</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFPanno2014"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Panno, Joseph</span> (2014). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=sYgKY6zz20YC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=panno+the+cell#v=onepage&q=panno%20the%20cell&f=false">The Cell: Evolution of the First Organism</a></i></cite>. Infobase Publishing. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780816067367" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780816067367">ISBN 9780816067367</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2015"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jean-Claude Bertrand, Pierre Caumette, Philippe Lebaron <i>et al</i>.</span> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2015-01-26">26 januari 2015</span>). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=2zVqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA9&dq=bertrand+microbiology#v=snippet&q=endocytosis&f=false">Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications: Microbial Ecology</a></i></cite>. Springer. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789401791182" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789401791182">ISBN 9789401791182</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFGoldfuss1820_11–16"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Duits">(<span>de</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Goldfuss, Georg August</span> (1820). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbuchderzool01goldgoog">Handbuch der Zoologie</a></i></cite>. J. L. Schrag, Nuremberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbuchderzool01goldgoog/page/n61">11</a>–16.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFCavalier-Smith1993"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Cavalier-Smith, Thomas</span> (1993). <cite>Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla</cite>. <i>Microbiological Reviews</i> <b>57</b> (4): 953–994. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8302218">8302218</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFCavalier-Smith2010"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Cavalier-Smith, Thomas</span> (2010). <cite>Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree</cite>. <i>Biology Letters</i> <b>6</b> (3): 342–345. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20031978">20031978</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948">10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2015"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T. Cavalier-Smith T <i>et al.</i></span> (2015). <cite>A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms</cite>. <i>PLoS ONE</i> <b>10</b> (4): e0119248. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923521">25923521</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119248">10.1371/journal.pone.0119248</a>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dogiel, V. A.,</span> revised by J.I. Poljanskij and E. M. Chejsin. <i>General Protozoology</i>, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 1965</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hausmann, K., N. Hulsmann.</span> <i>Protozoology</i>. Thieme Verlag; New York, 1996</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sleigh, M.</span> <i>The Biology of Protozoa</i>. E. Arnold: London, 1981</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Nisbet, B.</span>. <i>Nutrition and feeding strategies in Protozoa.</i> Croom Helm Publ., London, 1984</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sukhareva-Buell, N.N.</span>. <i>Biologically active substances of protozoa</i>. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2003</li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Hoofdindeling_van_Eukaryoten"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_eukaryoten" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie eukaryoten"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_eukaryoten" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_eukaryoten&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Hoofdindeling_van_Eukaryoten" class="navigatie-titel">Hoofdindeling van <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryoten</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <div style="background: var(--navigatie-titelbalkkleur,#ddeef8);"><b>Indeling in <a href="/wiki/Domein_(biologie)" title="Domein (biologie)">domeinen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Supergroep_(biologie)" title="Supergroep (biologie)">supergroepen</a>:</b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:9em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bacteri%C3%ABn" title="Bacteriën">Bacteria</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts">(met ongeveer 9 <a href="/wiki/Stam_(biologie)" title="Stam (biologie)">stammen</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts">(met ongeveer 5 stammen)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryota</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Unikonta" title="Unikonta">Unikonta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavata</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bikonta" title="Bikonta">Bikonta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chromalveolata" title="Chromalveolata">Chromalveolata</a> · <a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="background: var(--navigatie-titelbalkkleur,#ddeef8);"><b>Verouderde indeling in <a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">rijken</a>:</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67785531"><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:9em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">Rijken</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">dieren (Animalia)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Planten" title="Planten">planten (Plantae)</a> · (<a href="/wiki/Algen" title="Algen">algen</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Schimmels" title="Schimmels">schimmels (Fungi)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Protisten" title="Protisten">protisten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monera" title="Monera">moneren (prokaryoten)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" 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