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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Plectra_wielded_by_hand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guitars_and_similar_instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guitars_and_similar_instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Guitars and similar instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guitars_and_similar_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-Western_instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-Western_instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Non-Western instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-Western_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plectra_from_around_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plectra_from_around_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Plectra from around the world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plectra_from_around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plectra_in_harpsichords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plectra_in_harpsichords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Plectra in harpsichords</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plectra_in_harpsichords-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Plectra in harpsichords subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Plectra_in_harpsichords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voicing_harpsichord_plectra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voicing_harpsichord_plectra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Voicing harpsichord plectra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voicing_harpsichord_plectra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_and_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_and_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etymology and usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Plectrum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektra" title="Plektra – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Plektra" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A9_(%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="ريشة (آلات وترية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريشة (آلات وترية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizrab" title="Mizrab – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mizrab" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Плектр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Плектр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Плектар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Плектар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Перце – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Перце" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skraberig" title="Skraberig – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skraberig" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectre" title="Plectre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plectre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trs%C3%A1tko" title="Trsátko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Trsátko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectrwm" title="Plectrwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plectrwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plekter" title="Plekter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Plekter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektrum" title="Plektrum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Plektrum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektron" title="Plektron – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Plektron" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B1_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Πέννα (μουσική) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πέννα (μουσική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectro" title="Plectro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plectro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektro" title="Plektro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plektro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektro" title="Plektro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Plektro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%87" title="زخمه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زخمه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectre" title="Plectre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plectre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig%C3%ADn" title="Figín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Figín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%81%AC" title="피크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Կնտնտոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կնտնտոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektro" title="Plektro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Plektro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektrum" title="Plektrum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Plektrum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plettro" title="Plettro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Plettro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98" title="מפרט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפרט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მედიატორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მედიატორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Плектр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Плектр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Плектр – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Плектр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectrum" title="Plectrum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Plectrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediators_(m%C5%ABzika)" title="Mediators (mūzika) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mediators (mūzika)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektrum" title="Plektrum – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Plektrum" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brauktukas" title="Brauktukas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Brauktukas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penget%C5%91" title="Pengető – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pengető" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Перце – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перце" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektrum" title="Plektrum – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Plektrum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectrum" title="Plectrum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Plectrum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektrum" title="Plektrum – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Plektrum" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ピック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plekter" title="Plekter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Plekter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plekter" title="Plekter – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Plekter" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%A8ctre" title="Plèctre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Plèctre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noxun_(musiqa)" title="Noxun (musiqa) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Noxun (musiqa)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektron" title="Plektron – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Plektron" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palheta" title="Palheta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palheta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectru" title="Plectru – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Plectru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Плектр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плектр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectrum" title="Plectrum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Plectrum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brnkadlo" title="Brnkadlo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brnkadlo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trzalica" title="Trzalica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trzalica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trzalica" title="Trzalica – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Trzalica" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektra" title="Plektra – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Plektra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plektrum" title="Plektrum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Plektrum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88)" title="மீட்டுக்கட்டை (இசை) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மீட்டுக்கட்டை (இசை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%81" title="ปิ๊ก – Thai" lang="th" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tool used to play stringed instruments</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guitar_picks_DSC06879.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Guitar_picks_DSC06879.jpg/220px-Guitar_picks_DSC06879.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Guitar_picks_DSC06879.jpg/330px-Guitar_picks_DSC06879.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Guitar_picks_DSC06879.jpg/440px-Guitar_picks_DSC06879.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Three plectra for use with <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>plectrum</b> is a small flat tool used for plucking or strumming of a <a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">stringed instrument</a>. For hand-held instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolins</a>, the plectrum is often called a <b><a href="/wiki/Guitar_pick" title="Guitar pick">pick</a></b> and is held as a separate tool in the player's hand. In <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichords</a>, the plectra are attached to the jack mechanism. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plectra_wielded_by_hand">Plectra wielded by hand</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectrum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plectra wielded by hand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guitars_and_similar_instruments">Guitars and similar instruments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectrum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Guitars and similar instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:17_Assorted_Guitar_Picks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/17_Assorted_Guitar_Picks.jpg/220px-17_Assorted_Guitar_Picks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/17_Assorted_Guitar_Picks.jpg/330px-17_Assorted_Guitar_Picks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/17_Assorted_Guitar_Picks.jpg/440px-17_Assorted_Guitar_Picks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1903" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption>Assorted plectra for use with guitar</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guitar_pick" title="Guitar pick">Guitar pick</a></div> <p>A plectrum for <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_guitar" title="Acoustic guitar">acoustic guitars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bass guitars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolins</a> is typically a thin piece of plastic or other material most commonly shaped like a pointed teardrop or triangle, though the size, gauge, shape and width may vary considerably. Banjo and guitar players may wear a metal or plastic thumb pick mounted on a ring, and bluegrass banjo players often wear metal or plastic <a href="/wiki/Fingerpick" title="Fingerpick">fingerpicks</a> on their fingertips. Many guitarists use fingerpicks as well. </p><p>Guitar picks are made of a variety of materials, including <a href="/wiki/Celluloid" title="Celluloid">celluloid</a>, metal, and rarely other exotic materials such as turtle shell, but today <a href="/wiki/Delrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Delrin">delrin</a> (a synthetic <a href="/wiki/Thermoplastic" title="Thermoplastic">thermoplastic</a> polymer) is the most common.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For other instruments in the modern day, most players use plastic plectra but a variety of other materials, including wood and <a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">felt</a> (for use with the <a href="/wiki/Ukulele" title="Ukulele">ukulele</a>) are common. Guitarists in the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">bluegrass</a> genres tend to use a plectrum, partly due to the use of steel strings wearing out the player's fingernails quickly, but also because a plectrum provides a more "clear", "focused" and "aggressive" sound. Many guitarists will also use the pick in combination with the remaining picking-hand fingers simultaneously, to combine the different advantages of flat-picking and <a href="/wiki/Finger_picking" class="mw-redirect" title="Finger picking">finger picking</a>. This technique is called <i><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_picking" title="Hybrid picking">hybrid picking</a></i>, or more colloquially in country & bluegrass genres, as chicken pickin'. </p><p>A plectrum of the guitar type is often called a pick (or a <i>flatpick</i> to distinguish it from fingerpicks). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-Western_instruments">Non-Western instruments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectrum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Non-Western instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The plectra for the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Biwa" title="Biwa">biwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shamisen" title="Shamisen">shamisen</a> can be quite large, and those used for the Arabic <a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">oud</a> are longer and narrower, replacing the formerly used eagle feather. Plectra used for Chinese instruments such as the <a href="/wiki/Sanxian" title="Sanxian">sanxian</a> were formerly made of animal horn, though many players today use plastic plectra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plectra_from_around_the_world">Plectra from around the world</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectrum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plectra from around the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarod_plectrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A traditional hand crafted coconut shell sarod plectrum, also known as a Javva"><img alt="A traditional hand crafted coconut shell sarod plectrum, also known as a Javva" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Sarod_plectrum.jpg/120px-Sarod_plectrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Sarod_plectrum.jpg/180px-Sarod_plectrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Sarod_plectrum.jpg/240px-Sarod_plectrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A traditional hand crafted <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> shell sarod plectrum, also known as a Javva</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alkaios_Sappho_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2416_n1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alcaeus and Sappho holding their lyres and plectra. Attic red-figure calathus, ca. 470 BC, Staatliche Antikensammlungen (Inv. 2416)"><img alt="Alcaeus and Sappho holding their lyres and plectra. Attic red-figure calathus, ca. 470 BC, Staatliche Antikensammlungen (Inv. 2416)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Alkaios_Sappho_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2416_n1.jpg/120px-Alkaios_Sappho_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2416_n1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Alkaios_Sappho_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2416_n1.jpg/180px-Alkaios_Sappho_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2416_n1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Alkaios_Sappho_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2416_n1.jpg/240px-Alkaios_Sappho_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2416_n1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2212" data-file-height="1900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Alcaeus_of_Mytilene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcaeus of Mytilene">Alcaeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a> holding their <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">lyres</a> and plectra. <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attic</a> red-figure <a href="/wiki/Calathus_(basket)" title="Calathus (basket)">calathus</a>, ca. 470 BC, <a href="/wiki/Staatliche_Antikensammlungen" title="Staatliche Antikensammlungen">Staatliche Antikensammlungen</a> (Inv. 2416)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bachi_compare.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bachi, or plectra for use with shamisen"><img alt="Bachi, or plectra for use with shamisen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bachi_compare.JPG/120px-Bachi_compare.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bachi_compare.JPG/180px-Bachi_compare.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bachi_compare.JPG/240px-Bachi_compare.JPG 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="232" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bachi, or plectra for use with <a href="/wiki/Shamisen" title="Shamisen">shamisen</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biwa_plectra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biwa plectra"><img alt="Biwa plectra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Biwa_plectra.jpg/120px-Biwa_plectra.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Biwa_plectra.jpg/180px-Biwa_plectra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Biwa_plectra.jpg/240px-Biwa_plectra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="782" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Biwa" title="Biwa">Biwa</a> plectra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Holding_the_risha_pos_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Risha for Oud"><img alt="Risha for Oud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Holding_the_risha_pos_1.jpg/85px-Holding_the_risha_pos_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Holding_the_risha_pos_1.jpg/127px-Holding_the_risha_pos_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Holding_the_risha_pos_1.jpg/170px-Holding_the_risha_pos_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="449" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Risha for <a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">Oud</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plectra_in_harpsichords">Plectra in harpsichords</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectrum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Plectra in harpsichords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harpsichord_jack.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Harpsichord_jack.svg/300px-Harpsichord_jack.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Harpsichord_jack.svg/450px-Harpsichord_jack.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Harpsichord_jack.svg/600px-Harpsichord_jack.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>The upper portion of a harpsichord jack holding a plectrum</figcaption></figure> <p>In a <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a>, there is a separate plectrum for each string. These plectra are very small, often only about 10 millimeters long, about 1.5 millimeters wide, and half a millimeter thick. The plectrum is gently tapered, being narrowest at the plucking end. The top surface of the plectrum is flat and horizontal and is held in the tongue of the jack; the tongue is pivoted so that the plectrum plucks the string when moving up, but is pushed away when moving down. </p><p>In the historical period of harpsichord construction (up to about 1800) plectra were made of sturdy feather quills, usually from <a href="/wiki/Crow" title="Crow">crows</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raven" title="Raven">ravens</a>. In Italy, some makers (including <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Cristofori" title="Bartolomeo Cristofori">Bartolomeo Cristofori</a>) used <a href="/wiki/Vulture" title="Vulture">vulture</a> quills.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Italian harpsichords employed plectra of <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hubbard_1967_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubbard_1967-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late French harpsichords by the great builder <a href="/wiki/Pascal_Taskin" title="Pascal Taskin">Pascal Taskin</a>, <i>peau de buffle</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Chamois_leather" title="Chamois leather">chamois</a>-like material from the hide of the <a href="/wiki/European_bison" title="European bison">European bison</a>, was used for plectra to produce a delicate <a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">pianissimo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hubbard_1967_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubbard_1967-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern harpsichords frequently employ plectra made with plastic, specifically the plastic known as <a href="/wiki/Polyoxymethylene" title="Polyoxymethylene">acetal</a>. Some plectra are of the <a href="/wiki/Homopolymer" class="mw-redirect" title="Homopolymer">homopolymer</a> variety of acetal, sold by <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> under the name "Delrin", while others are of the <a href="/wiki/Copolymer" title="Copolymer">copolymer</a> variety, sold by <a href="/wiki/Ticona" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticona">Ticona</a> as "Celcon".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harpsichord technicians and builders generally use the trade names to refer to these materials. In either of its varieties, acetal is far more durable than quill, which cuts down substantially on the time that must be spent in voicing (see below).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several contemporary builders and players<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have reasserted the superiority of bird quill for high-level harpsichords. While the difference in sound between acetal and quill is acknowledged to be small,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> what difference may exist is held to be to the advantage of quill. In addition, quill plectra tend to fail gradually, giving warning by the diminishing volume, whereas acetal plectra fail suddenly and completely, sometimes in the middle of a performance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voicing_harpsichord_plectra">Voicing harpsichord plectra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectrum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Voicing harpsichord plectra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The plectra of a harpsichord must be cut precisely, in a process called "voicing". A properly voiced plectrum will pluck the string in a way that produces a good musical tone and matches well in loudness with all of the other strings. The underside of the plectrum must be appropriately slanted and entirely smooth, so that the jack will not "hang" (get caught on the string) when, after sounding a note, it is moved back down below the level of the string. </p><p>Normally, voicing is carried out by inserting the plectrum into the jack, then placing the jack on a small wooden voicing block, so that the top of the plectrum sits flush with the block. The plectrum is then cut and thinned on the underside with a small, very sharp knife, such as an <a href="/wiki/X-Acto" title="X-Acto">X-Acto knife</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the plectrum is progressively trimmed, its jack is replaced in the instrument at intervals to test the result for loudness, tone quality, and the possibility of hanging. </p><p>Voicing is a refined skill, carried out fluently by professional builders, but one that usually must also be learned (at least to some degree) by harpsichord owners.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_usage">Etymology and usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectrum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Etymology and usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First attested in English 15th century,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the word "plectrum" comes from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i>plectrum</i>, itself derived from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> πλῆκτρον<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>plēktron</i>), "anything to strike with, an instrument for striking the lyre, a spear point".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Plectrum" has both a Latin-based plural, <i>plectra</i> and a native English plural, <i>plectrums</i>. <i>Plectra</i> is used in formal writing, particularly in discussing the harpsichord as an instrument of classical music,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <i>plectrums</i> is more common in ordinary speech. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectrum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crosspicking" title="Crosspicking">Crosspicking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerpick" title="Fingerpick">Fingerpick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatpicking" title="Flatpicking">Flatpicking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_pick" title="Guitar pick">Guitar pick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_picking" title="Hybrid picking">Hybrid picking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezrab_(plectrum)" title="Mezrab (plectrum)">Mezrab (plectrum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">String instrument</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectrum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jensen 1998, 85. Not all bird species suffice; <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Zuckermann" title="Wolfgang Zuckermann">Wolfgang Zuckermann</a> observed in 1969 that "quill from birds such as goose or chicken have given this material a bad name, since feathers from these fowl are not satisfactory for the purpose." Aside from crow and raven, he mentions <a href="/wiki/Condor" title="Condor">condor</a>, eagle and turkey as good sources for plectra. See Wolfgang Zuckermann (1969): <i>The Modern Harpsichord</i>, New York, October House, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubbard_1967-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hubbard_1967_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hubbard_1967_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hubbard 1967</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a discussion of these plastics, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fortepiano.com/plectra/plectra_002.htm">[1]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This reflects what is probably the mainstream view; however, the builder Grant O'Brien has suggested that if cut properly, a quill plectrum will last indefinitely, and he mentions harpsichords from the historical period whose quills have lasted intact to the present. The correct form of voicing, O'Brien suggests, involves tapering, so that a plectrum will display constant curvature at the moment it is maximally displaced in plucking. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.claviantica.com/Design_files/Construction_particulars_files/Raven_quills_files/Raven_quill_plucking_string.htm">"The use of raven feathers for quills in Neapolitan harpsichords"</a>. <i>www.claviantica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.claviantica.com&rft.atitle=The+use+of+raven+feathers+for+quills+in+Neapolitan+harpsichords&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.claviantica.com%2FDesign_files%2FConstruction_particulars_files%2FRaven_quills_files%2FRaven_quill_plucking_string.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlectrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hendrik Broekman (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.hubharp.com/technical_articles2/soundboard_quill.htm">[2]</a>), Tilman Skowroneck (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://skowroneck.wordpress.com/2008/02/28/voicing-i/">[3]</a>), Keith Hill (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://instrumentmaking.keithhillharpsichords.com/quilling.html">[4]</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Skowroneck, op. cit., Broekman, op. cit., and for a particularly skeptical view, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien" class="citation web cs1">O'Brien, Grant. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.claviantica.com/Design_files/Construction_particulars_files/Raven_quills.htm">"The use of raven feathers for quills in Neapolitan harpsichords"</a>. <i>www.claviantica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.claviantica.com&rft.atitle=The+use+of+raven+feathers+for+quills+in+Neapolitan+harpsichords&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.claviantica.com%2FDesign_files%2FConstruction_particulars_files%2FRaven_quills.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlectrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kottick (1987)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Source for all of this section: Kottick (1987)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, online edition (www.oed.com)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383798">πλῆκτρον</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greek "πλῆκτρον" comes from the verb "πλήττω" or "πλήσσω" (<i>plēssō</i>), "to hit, to strike, to smite, to sting". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383870">πλήσσω</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The affiliation of "plectra" and "plectrums" with harpsichords and guitars, respectively, is vividly discussed by <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a> columnist James Fenton: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenton2007" class="citation news cs1">Fenton, James (2007-10-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/oct/13/classicalmusicandopera.art">"Keyboard words"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Keyboard+words&rft.date=2007-10-13&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Fenton&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2007%2Foct%2F13%2Fclassicalmusicandopera.art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlectrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectrum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hubbard, Frank (1967) <i>Three Centuries of Harpsichord Making</i>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.</li> <li>Jensen, David P. (1998) "A Florentine Harpsichord: Revealing a Transitional Technology" <i>Early Music</i>, February issue, pp. 71–85.</li> <li>Kottick, Edward L. (1987) <i>The Harpsichord Owner's Guide</i>. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectrum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Plectrum" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Plectrum">Plectrum</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>The discovery of delrin as a harpsichord plectrum material; a collaboration between builders and technologists. <i>Harpsichord</i>, vol 4, no. 2 (1971), pp. 18–19. On line at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/Harpsichordv4n2">[5]</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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picking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_bass" title="Alternate bass">Alternate bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arpeggio" title="Arpeggio">Arpeggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerpick" title="Fingerpick">Fingerpick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_pick" title="Guitar pick">Guitar pick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_picking" title="Hybrid picking">Hybrid picking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Guitar_performance_techniques" title="Category:Guitar performance techniques">Performance techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strum" title="Strum">Strum</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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class="mw-redirect" title="Travis picking">Travis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flatpicking" title="Flatpicking">Flatpicking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_picking" title="Alternate picking">Alternate picking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosspicking" title="Crosspicking">Crosspicking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downpicking" title="Downpicking">Downpicking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_picking" title="Economy picking">Economy picking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_Craft" title="Guitar Craft">Guitar Craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweep_picking" title="Sweep picking">Sweep picking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Innovators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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