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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">The amount of memory a computer program uses</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Memory_footprint" title="Special:EditPage/Memory footprint">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Memory+footprint%22">"Memory footprint"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Memory+footprint%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Memory+footprint%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Memory+footprint%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Memory+footprint%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Memory+footprint%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Memory footprint</b> refers to the amount of <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">main memory</a> that a program uses or references while running.<sup id="cite_ref-Definition_of:_memory_footprint_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Definition_of:_memory_footprint-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <a href="/wiki/Footprint" title="Footprint">footprint</a> generally refers to the extent of physical dimensions that an object occupies, giving a sense of its size. In computing, the memory footprint of a software application indicates its runtime memory requirements, while the program executes. This includes all sorts of active memory regions like <a href="/wiki/Code_segment" title="Code segment">code segment</a> containing (mostly) program instructions (and occasionally constants), <a href="/wiki/Data_segment" title="Data segment">data segment</a> (both initialized and uninitialized),<sup id="cite_ref-Definition_of:_memory_footprint_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Definition_of:_memory_footprint-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heap_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Heap memory">heap memory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Call_stack" title="Call stack">call stack</a>, plus memory required to hold any additional data structures, such as <a href="/wiki/Symbol_table" title="Symbol table">symbol tables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debugging_data_format" title="Debugging data format">debugging data structures</a>, open files, <a href="/wiki/Shared_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Shared libraries">shared libraries</a> mapped to the current process, etc., that the program ever needs while executing and will be loaded at least once during the entire run.<sup id="cite_ref-Reduce_your_Linux_memory_footprint_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reduce_your_Linux_memory_footprint-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Larger programs have larger memory footprints. An application's memory footprint is roughly proportionate to the number and sizes of shared libraries or classes it loads, whereas static libraries, executable programs and static data areas contribute to a fixed (constant) portion. Programs themselves often do not contribute the largest portions to their own memory footprints; rather, structures introduced by the run-time environment take up most of the memory. For example, a C++ compiler inserts <a href="/wiki/Vtable" class="mw-redirect" title="Vtable">vtables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Type_info" class="mw-redirect" title="Type info">type info</a> objects and many temporary and anonymous objects that are active during a program's execution. In a Java program, the memory footprint is predominantly made up of the runtime environment in the form of <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a> (JVM) itself that is loaded indirectly when a Java application launches. In addition, on most operating systems, disk files opened by an application too are read into the application's address space, thereby, contributing to its footprint. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_trend">Usage trend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memory_footprint&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usage trend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1990s, computer memory became cheaper and programs with larger memory footprints became commonplace. This trend has been mostly due to the widespread use of computer software, from large enterprise-wide applications that consume vast amounts of memory (such as <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">databases</a>), to memory intensive multimedia authoring and editing software. To tackle the ever increasing memory needs, <a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">virtual memory</a> systems were introduced that divide the available memory into equally sized portions and loads them from "<a href="/wiki/Memory_paging" title="Memory paging">pages</a>" stored on the hard-disk on an as-and-when required basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_embedded_systems">In embedded systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memory_footprint&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In embedded systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, low-memory-footprint programs were of importance to running applications on <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded systems</a> where memory would often be a constrained resource<sup id="cite_ref-Definition_of:_memory_footprint_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Definition_of:_memory_footprint-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – so much so that developers typically sacrificed efficiency (processing speeds) just to make program footprints small enough to fit into the available RAM. For example, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> brought out a version of its <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java Virtual Machine</a> (JVM) for such constrained devices; it goes by the name of <a href="/wiki/K_virtual_machine" title="K virtual machine">KVM</a>. The KVM works on platforms where memory is in <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">kilobytes</a> as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">megabytes</a> (or even <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">gigabytes</a>) of memory available on a regular home PC or more modern mobile phones and tablets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memory_footprint&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_footprint" title="Application footprint">Application footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">Virtual memory</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Memory_management" title="Memory management">memory management</a> technique that <a href="/wiki/Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">virtualizes</a> various forms of <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">computer data storage</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">random-access memory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disk_storage" title="Disk storage">disk storage</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memory_footprint&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Definition_of:_memory_footprint-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Definition_of:_memory_footprint_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Definition_of:_memory_footprint_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Definition_of:_memory_footprint_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,1237,t=memory+footprint&i=60598,00.asp">"Definition of: memory footprint"</a>. PC Mag<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of%3A+memory+footprint&rft.pub=PC+Mag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Fencyclopedia_term%2F0%2C1237%2Ct%3Dmemory%2Bfootprint%26i%3D60598%2C00.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemory+footprint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reduce_your_Linux_memory_footprint-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reduce_your_Linux_memory_footprint_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-linux-memory/index.html">"Reduce your Linux memory footprint"</a>. IBM developerWorks<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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