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Constitution Annotated</h1> <div class="row-essay-toc"> <div class="column-essay-toc-content"> <h2>Introduction to the Constitution Annotated</h2> <ul class="essay-toc-article-lists"> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/introduction/">Introduction</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Introductory Annotations </span> </li> </ul> <h2>Preamble to the Constitution</h2> <ul class="essay-toc-article-lists"> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/preamble/">The Preamble</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Annotations about the Preamble </span> </li> </ul> <h2>Articles of the Constitution</h2> <ul class="essay-toc-article-lists"> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-1/">Article I</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Legislative Branch </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-2/">Article II</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Executive Branch </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-3/">Article III</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Judicial Branch </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-4/">Article IV</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Relationships Between the States </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-5/">Article V</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Amending the Constitution </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-6/">Article VI</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Prior Debts, National Supremacy, and Oaths of Office </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-7/">Article VII</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Ratification </span> </li> </ul> <h2>Amendments to the Constitution</h2> <ul class="essay-toc-article-lists"> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-1/">First Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-2/">Second Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Bearing and Keeping Arms </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-3/">Third Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Quartering Soldiers </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-4/">Fourth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Search and Seizure </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-5/">Fifth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self Incrimination, Due Process, Takings </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-6/">Sixth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Rights of Those Charged in Criminal Prosecutions </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-7/">Seventh Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Civil Trial Rights </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-8/">Eighth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Excessive Bail and Fines, and Cruel and Unusual Punishment </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-9/">Ninth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Unenumerated Rights </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-10/">Tenth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Rights Reserved to the States and to the People </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-11/">Eleventh Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Suits Against States </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-12/">Twelfth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Election of President </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-13/">Thirteenth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Abolition of Slavery </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-14/">Fourteenth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Citizenship, Equal Protection, and Other Post-Civil War Provisions </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-15/">Fifteenth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Right of Citizens to Vote </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-16/">Sixteenth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Income Tax </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-17/">Seventeenth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Popular Election of Senators </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-18/">Eighteenth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Prohibition of Liquor </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-19/">Nineteenth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Women's Suffrage Rights </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-20/">Twentieth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Presidential Term and Succession </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-21/">Twenty-First Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Repeal of Prohibition </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-22/">Twenty-Second Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Presidential Term Limits </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-23/">Twenty-Third Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Presidential Electors for District of Columbia </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-24/">Twenty-Fourth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Abolition of the Poll Taxes </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-25/">Twenty-Fifth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Presidential Vacancy and Disability </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-26/">Twenty-Sixth Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Reduction of Voting Age </span> </li> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/amendment-27/">Twenty-Seventh Amendment</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Congressional Compensation </span> </li> </ul> <ul class="essay-toc-article-lists"> </ul> <h2 id="Method">Appendix to the Constitution Annotated</h2> <ul class="essay-toc-article-lists"> <li class="essay-toc-article-list"> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-source"> <a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/appendix/">Appendix</a> </span> <span class="essay-toc-article-list-title"> Supplemental Annotations </span> </li> </ul> </div> <aside class="column-essay-toc-aside"> <section class="aside"> <h4>Resources</h4> <ul class="aside-list"> <li><a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/resources/cases-cited/">Table of Cases</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/resources/decisions-overruled/">Table of Supreme Court Decisions Overruled by Subsequent Decisions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/resources/unconstitutional-laws/">Table of Laws Held Unconstitutional in Whole or in Part by the Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/resources/supreme-court-justices/">Table of Supreme Court Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/resources/additional-resources/">Beyond the Constitution Annotated: Table of Additional Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/essay/appx-1/ALDE_00000679/">Methodologies for the Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210114222750/https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/">Constitution of the United States</a></li> </ul> </section> </aside> </div> </main> <footer class="footer-wrapper"> <div class="footer-container"> <div class="footer-logo"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210114222750/https://www.congress.gov/" class="logo-congress"><img alt="Congress.gov" width="212" src="/web/20210114222750im_/https://constitution.congress.gov/static/images/logo-congress.svg"/></a> </div> <div class="footer-tertiary"> <ul class="footer-tertiary-links"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210114222750/https://www.loc.gov/legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a 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