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activity</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: immune activity"> <meta name="keywords" content="immune activity"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="immune activity"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6850</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: immune activity</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6850</span> Immune Activity of Roman Hens as Influenced by the Feed Formulated with Germinated Paddy Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wirot%20Likittrakulwong">Wirot Likittrakulwong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pisit%20Poolprasert"> Pisit Poolprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tossaporn%20Incharoen"> Tossaporn Incharoen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Germinated paddy rice (GPR) has the potential to be used as a feed ingredient. However, their properties have not been fully investigated. This paper examined the nutrient digestibility and the relationship to immune activity in Roman hens fed with GPR. It was found that true and apparent metabolizable energy (ME) values of GPR were 3.20 and 3.28 kcal/g air dry, respectively. GPR exhibited high content of phytonutrients, especially GABA. GPR showed similar protein profiles in comparison to non-germinated paddy rice. For immune activity, the feed with GPR enhanced the immune activity of Roman hens under high stocking density stress as evidenced by the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme activity. In this study, GPR is proved to be a good source of functional ingredient for chicken feed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germinated%20paddy%20rice" title="germinated paddy rice">germinated paddy rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20digestibility" title=" nutrient digestibility"> nutrient digestibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20activity" title=" immune activity"> immune activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20property" title=" functional property"> functional property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110310/immune-activity-of-roman-hens-as-influenced-by-the-feed-formulated-with-germinated-paddy-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6849</span> Innate Immune Dysfunction in Niemann Pick Disease Type C</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Newman">Stephanie Newman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Niemann-Pick Type C disease is a rare, usually fatal lysosomal storage disorder. Although clinically characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, there is also evidence of altered innate immune responses such as neuroinflammation that promote disease progression. We have initiated an investigation into whether phagocytosis, an important innate immune activity and the process by which particles are ingested is defective in NPC. Using an in vitro assay, we have shown that NPC macrophages have a deficiency in the phagocytosis of different particles. We plan to investigate the mechanistic basis for impaired phagocytosis, the contribution that this deficiency makes to disease pathology, and whether therapies that have shown in vivo benefit are able to restore phagocytic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niemann%20Pick%20Disease%20C" title="Niemann Pick Disease C">Niemann Pick Disease C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phagocytosis" title=" phagocytosis"> phagocytosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innate%20immunity" title=" innate immunity"> innate immunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lysosomal%20storage%20disorder" title=" lysosomal storage disorder "> lysosomal storage disorder </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34154/innate-immune-dysfunction-in-niemann-pick-disease-type-c" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6848</span> Do Immune Organ Weights Indicate Immunomodulation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Al-Khalifa">H. Al-Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Nasser"> A. Al-Nasser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main immune organs in poultry are the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius. During an immune response, mature lymphocytes and other immune cells interact with antigens in these tissues. Consequently, the mass of these organs can in some cases indicate immune status. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of feeding flaxseed on immune tissue weights. Cobb 500 broiler chickens were fed flaxseed at 15%, the control diet did not contain any flaxseed. Results showed that dietary supplementation with flaxseed did not affect the weights of the spleens of broiler chickens. However, it significantly lowered bursa weights (p<0.01), compared to the control diet. In addition, the bursae were thinner in appearance compared with bursii from chickens fed the control diets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bursa%20of%20fabricius" title="bursa of fabricius">bursa of fabricius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flaxseed" title=" flaxseed"> flaxseed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spleen" title=" spleen"> spleen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thymus" title=" thymus"> thymus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28247/do-immune-organ-weights-indicate-immunomodulation-of-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6847</span> Growth and Immune Response of Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) Postlarvae Fed Diets Containing Chlorella vulgaris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gian%20Carlo%20F.%20Maliwat">Gian Carlo F. Maliwat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20F.%20Velasquez"> Stephanie F. Velasquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janice%20A.%20Ragaza"> Janice A. Ragaza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 50-day growth trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck) as an ingredient in the diets of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) postlarvae (PL30). Immune response (total haemocyte count and prophenoloxidase activity) was also assessed by subjecting postlarvae to a challenge test against Aeromonas hydrophila (Chester) for 14 days. Isonitrogenous and iso-lipidic test diets were prepared using a fishmeal-based-positive control diet (D0) and four basal diets with inclusion levels of 2% (D2), 4% (D4), 6% (D6) and 8% (D8) C. vulgaris. Postlarvae of M. rosenbergii were randomly stocked (mean initial body weight of 0.19 ± 0.02 g) in 30-L tanks in three replicates per dietary treatment for evaluation of growth performance. Another set of postlarvae (mean initial body weight of 1.25 ± 0.02 g) was randomly distributed in 95-L tanks in three replicates per dietary treatment for the assessment of immune response. Results showed that specific growth rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in postlarvae fed D4 and D6. Variations in values for carcass protein, lipid, moisture, and ash were also evident. Postlarvae fed diets with Chlorella showed increased prophenol oxidase activity and total haemocyte counts. Moreover, the survival rate after challenge with A. hydrophila was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Inclusion of C. vulgaris in diets enhanced immune response and resistance of M. rosenbergii postlarvae against A. hydrophila infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorella%20vulgaris" title="Chlorella vulgaris">Chlorella vulgaris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haemocyte%20count" title=" haemocyte count"> haemocyte count</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Macrobrachium%20rosenbergii" title=" Macrobrachium rosenbergii"> Macrobrachium rosenbergii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prophenoloxidase%20activity" title=" prophenoloxidase activity"> prophenoloxidase activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97966/growth-and-immune-response-of-giant-freshwater-prawn-macrobrachium-rosenbergii-de-man-postlarvae-fed-diets-containing-chlorella-vulgaris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6846</span> Fabrication of Immune-Affinity Monolithic Array for Detection of α-Fetoprotein and Carcinoembryonic Antigen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Li">Li Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Ru%20Xia"> Li-Ru Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He-Ye%20Wang"> He-Ye Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao-Dong%20Bi"> Xiao-Dong Bi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we presented a highly sensitive immune-affinity monolithic array for detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Firstly, the epoxy functionalized monolith arrays were fabricated using UV initiated copolymerization method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image showed that the poly(BABEA-<em>co</em>-GMA) monolith exhibited a well-controlled skeletal and well-distributed porous structure. Then, AFP and CEA immune-affinity monolithic arrays were prepared by immobilization of AFP and CEA antibodies on epoxy functionalized monolith arrays. With a non-competitive immune response format, the presented AFP and CEA immune-affinity arrays were demonstrated as an inexpensive, flexible, homogeneous and stable array for detection of AFP and CEA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemiluminescent%20detection" title="chemiluminescent detection">chemiluminescent detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune-affinity" title=" immune-affinity"> immune-affinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monolithic%20copolymer%20array" title=" monolithic copolymer array"> monolithic copolymer array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV-initiated%20copolymerization" title=" UV-initiated copolymerization"> UV-initiated copolymerization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43820/fabrication-of-immune-affinity-monolithic-array-for-detection-of-a-fetoprotein-and-carcinoembryonic-antigen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6845</span> Competition Between the Effects of Pesticides and Immune-activation on the Expression of Toll Pathway Genes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dani%20Sukkar">Dani Sukkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kanso"> Ali Kanso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Laval-Gilly"> Philippe Laval-Gilly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jairo%20Falla-Angel"> Jairo Falla-Angel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The honeybees' immune system is challenged by different risk factors that induce various responses. However, complex scenarios where bees are exposed to different pesticides simultaneously with immune activation are not well evaluated. The Toll pathway is one of the main signaling pathways studied in invertebrate immune responses, and it is a good indicator of the effect of such complex interactions in addition to key signaling elements of other pathways like Relish of the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway or Eater, the phagocytosis receptor or vitellogenin levels. Honeybee hemocytes extracted from 5th instar larvae were exposed to imidacloprid and/or amitraz with or without the presence of the zymosan a as an immune activator. The gene expression of multiple immune related genes were studied, including spaetzle, Toll, myD88, relish, eater and vitellogenin, by real-time polymerase chain reaction after RNA extraction. The results demonstrated that the Toll pathway is mainly affected by the pesticides; imidacloprid and amitraz, especially by their different combinations. Furthermore, immune activation by zymosan A, a fungal cell-wall component, acts to mitigate to some extent the effect of pesticides on the different levels of the Toll pathway. In addition, imidacloprid, amitraz, and zymosan A have complex and context-specific interactions depending on the levels of immune activation and the pathway evaluated affecting immune-gene expression differently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20pathway" title="toll pathway">toll pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20modulation" title=" immune modulation"> immune modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-glucan" title=" β-glucan"> β-glucan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imidacloprid" title=" imidacloprid"> imidacloprid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amitraz" title=" amitraz"> amitraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeybees" title=" honeybees"> honeybees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20genes" title=" immune genes"> immune genes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172811/competition-between-the-effects-of-pesticides-and-immune-activation-on-the-expression-of-toll-pathway-genes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6844</span> Evaluation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mir%20Mohammad%20Reza%20Hosseini">Mir Mohammad Reza Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In new years immune checkpoint inhibitors have gathered care as being one of the greatest talented kinds of immunotherapy on the prospect. There has been a specific emphasis on the immune checkpoint molecules, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). In 2011, ipilimumab, the primary antibody obstructive an immune checkpoint (CTLA4) was authorized. It is now documented that recognized tumors have many devices of overpowering the antitumor immune response, counting manufacture of repressive cytokines, staffing of immunosuppressive immune cells, and upregulation of coinhibitory receptors recognized as immune checkpoints. This was fast followed by the growth of monoclonal antibodies directing PD1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) and PDL1 (atezolizumab and durvalumab). Anti-PD1/PDL1 antibodies have developed some of the greatest extensively set anticancer therapies. We also compare and difference their present place in cancer therapy and designs of immune-related toxicities and deliberate the role of dual immune checkpoint inhibition and plans for the organization of immune-related opposing proceedings. In this review, the employed code and present growth of numerous immune checkpoint inhibitors are abridged, while the communicating device and new development of Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy-based synergistic therapies with additional immunotherapy, chemotherapy, phototherapy, and radiotherapy in important and clinical educations in the historical 5 years are portrayed and tinted. Lastly, we disapprovingly measure these methods and effort to find their fortes and faintness based on pre-clinical and clinical information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=checkpoint" title="checkpoint">checkpoint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20therapy" title=" cancer therapy"> cancer therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PD-1" title=" PD-1"> PD-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDL-1" title=" PDL-1"> PDL-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CTLA4" title=" CTLA4"> CTLA4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunosuppressive" title=" immunosuppressive"> immunosuppressive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143738/evaluation-of-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-in-cancer-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6843</span> Effect of Lowering the Proportion of Chlorella vulgaris in Fish Feed on Tilapia's Immune System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20A.%20Pantami">Hamza A. Pantami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khozizah%20Shaari"> Khozizah Shaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intan%20S.%20Ismail"> Intan S. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chong%20C.%20Min"> Chong C. Min</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Tilapia is the second-highest harvested freshwater fish species in Malaysia, available in almost all fish farms and markets. Unfortunately, tilapia culture in Malaysia is highly affected by Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae, which affect the production rate and consequently pose a direct negative economic impact. Reliance on drugs to control or reduce bacterial infections has been led to contamination of water bodies and development of drug resistance, as well as gave rise to toxicity issues in downstream fish products. Resorting to vaccines have helped curb the problem to a certain extent, but a more effective solution is still required. Using microalgae-based feed to enhance the fish immunity against bacterial infection offers a promising alternative. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Chlorella vulgaris at lower percentage incorporation in feeds for an immune boost of tilapia in a shorter time. Methods: The study was in two phases. The safety concentration studies at 500 mg/kg-1 and the administration of cultured C. vulgaris biomass via incorporation into fish feed for five different groups in three weeks. Group 1 was the control (0% incorporation), whereas group 2, 3, 4 and 5 received 0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 5% incorporation respectively. The parameters evaluated were the blood profile, serum lysozyme activity (SLA), serum bactericidal activity (SBA), phagocytosis activity (PA), respiratory burst activity (RBA), and lymphoproliferation activity (LPA). The data were analyzed via ANOVA using SPSS (version 16). Further testing was done using Tukey’s test. All tests were performed at the 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05). Results: There were no toxic signs in tilapia fish at 500 mg/kg-1. Treated groups showed significantly better immune parameters compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: C. vulgaris crude biomass in a fish meal at a lower incorporation level of 5% can increase specific and non-specific immunity in tilapia fish in a shorter time duration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorella%20vulgaris" title="Chlorella vulgaris">Chlorella vulgaris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematology%20profile" title=" hematology profile"> hematology profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20boost" title=" immune boost"> immune boost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lymphoproliferation" title=" lymphoproliferation"> lymphoproliferation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120230/effect-of-lowering-the-proportion-of-chlorella-vulgaris-in-fish-feed-on-tilapias-immune-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6842</span> Garlic Extracts Stimulating Innate Immune System in Marble Goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiraporn%20Rojtinnakorn">Jiraporn Rojtinnakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mallika%20Supa-Aksorn"> Mallika Supa-Aksorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudaporn%20Tongsiri"> Sudaporn Tongsiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prachaub%20Chaibu"> Prachaub Chaibu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marble goby is one of high demand consuming in Southeast Asia. However, the product was from riparian fisheries because of low yield in aquaculture, especially in nursery stage. Therefore, we studied for herb supplement in pellet feed of marble goby fingering. Garlic, a common herb and illustrated novel pharmaceutical and medical effectiveness, was considered. Garlic extracts with water (DW), 50% EtOH (50E), 95% EtOH (95E) and diethyl ether (DE) were subjected for feed additive to induce immune response in marble goby fingering for 0 (control), 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 % (w/w). After seven days of feeding, blood was collected for analysis of blood composition; i.e. haematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and humoral immune responses; i.e. lysozyme activity (Lys). It was resulted that values of HCT, WBC and Lys in all garlic fed group were significantly different from control (p < 0.05). For HCT, the highest values belonged to 5% DW and 0.5% 95E. For WBC and Lys, the highest values were 5% DW. For RBC, there was not obviously significant (p < 0.05). There were only 3 groups; 0.5% 95E, 1% and 5% DW, showed distinct statistical significance from the other groups. It was concluded that garlic extracts showed satisfy bioactivity to enhancing innate immune response in marble goby fingering. This result will be valuable for specific feed formula of marble goby nursery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garlic%20extract" title="garlic extract">garlic extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innate%20immune" title=" innate immune"> innate immune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marble%20goby" title=" marble goby"> marble goby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oxyeleotris%20marmoratus" title=" Oxyeleotris marmoratus "> Oxyeleotris marmoratus </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64906/garlic-extracts-stimulating-innate-immune-system-in-marble-goby-oxyeleotris-marmoratus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6841</span> Association of Major Histocompatibility Complex with Cell Mediated Immunity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atefeh%20Esmailnejad">Atefeh Esmailnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholamreza%20Nikbakht%20Brujeni"> Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is one of the best characterized genetic regions associated with immune responses and controlling disease resistance in chicken. Association of the MHC with a wide range of immune responses makes it a valuable predictive factor for the disease pathogenesis and outcome. In this study, the association of MHC with cell-mediated immune responses was analyzed in commercial broiler chicken. The tandem repeat LEI0258 was applied to investigate the MHC polymorphism. Cell-mediated immune response was evaluated by peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation assay using MTT method. Association study revealed a significant influence of MHC alleles on cellular immune responses in this population. Alleles 385 and 448 bp were associated with elevated cell-mediated immunity. Haplotypes associated with improved immune responses could be considered as candidate markers for disease resistance and applied to breeding strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHC" title="MHC">MHC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-mediated%20immunity" title=" cell-mediated immunity"> cell-mediated immunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title=" broiler"> broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chicken" title=" chicken"> chicken</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97236/association-of-major-histocompatibility-complex-with-cell-mediated-immunity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6840</span> Effect of Miconazole Nitrate on Immunological Response and Its Preventive Efficacy in Labeo rohita Fingerlings against Oomycetes Saprolegnia parasitica</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukta%20Singh">Mukta Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratan%20Kumar%20Saha"> Ratan Kumar Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himadri%20Saha"> Himadri Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paramveer%20Singh"> Paramveer Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study evaluated the effect of sub-lethal doses of antifungal drug miconazole nitrate (MCZ) on immunological responses including immune-related gene expression and its role as a prophylactic drug against S. parasitica in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish were fed with sub lethal doses of MCZ i.e., T1- 6.30 mg MCZ kgBW⁻¹, T2- 12.61 mg MCZ kgBW⁻¹ and T3- 25.22 mg MCZ kgBW⁻¹ and sampling was done at different time intervals for 240 h. Immunological parameters viz. lysozyme activity, oxygen radical production and plasma anti-protease activity showed significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in fish fed with T2 and T3 doses. Significant reduction in plasma protein content was observed in all the dietary groups as compared to control. Expression of immune-relevant genes like TLR-22 and β2-M showed significantly higher expression at six h and 24 h of sampling in both liver and head-kidney. However, these genes showed a down-regulation after 120 h of sampling in both the tissues. Preventive efficacy study showed that single dose of MCZ provides protection against oomycetes up to the fourth day of infection. Significantly higher mortality was observed in control diet-fed fish as compared to fish fed with MCZ medicated diet. Thus, from the study, it can be concluded that the MCZ can act as a potent antifungal agent for preventing oomycetes infection as well as to enhance the immune response. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal" title="antifungal">antifungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20gene" title=" immune gene"> immune gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunological" title=" immunological"> immunological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miconazole%20nitrate" title=" miconazole nitrate"> miconazole nitrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prophylactic" title=" prophylactic"> prophylactic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86237/effect-of-miconazole-nitrate-on-immunological-response-and-its-preventive-efficacy-in-labeo-rohita-fingerlings-against-oomycetes-saprolegnia-parasitica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6839</span> Effect of Dietary Organic Zinc Supplementation on Immunocompetance and Reproductive Performance in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Nagalakshmi">D. Nagalakshmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Parashuramulu%20K.%20Sadasiva%20Rao"> S. Parashuramulu K. Sadasiva Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Aruna"> G. Aruna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Vikram"> L. Vikram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The zinc (Zn) is the second most abundant trace element in mammals and birds, forming structural component of over 300 enzymes, playing an important role in anti-oxidant defense, immune response and reproduction. Organic trace minerals are more readily absorbed from the digestive tract and more biologically available compared with its inorganic salt. Thus, the present study was undertaken on 60 adult female Sprague Dawley rats (275±2.04 g) for experimental duration of 12 weeks to investigate the effect of dietary Zn supplementation from various organic sources on immunity, reproduction, oxidative defense mechanism and blood biochemical profile. The rats were randomly allotted to 30 replicates (2 per replicate) which were in turn randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments varying in Zn source i.e., one inorganic source (Zn carbonate) and 4 organic sources (Zn-proteinate, Zn-propionate, Zn-amino acid complex and Zn-methionine) so as to supply NRC recommended Zn concentration (12 ppm Zn). Supplementation of organic Zn had no effect on various haematological and serum biochemical constituents compared to inorganic Zn fed rats. The TBARS and protein carbonyls concentration in liver indicative of oxidative stress was comparable between various organic and inorganic groups. The glutathione reductase activity in haemolysate (P<0.05) and reduced glutathione concentration in liver (P<0.01) was higher when fed organic Zn and RBC catalase activity was higher (P<0.01) on Zn methionine compared to other organic sources tested and the inorganic source. The humoral immune response assessed as antibody titres against sheep RBC was higher (P<0.05) when fed organic sources of zinc compared to inorganic source. The cell mediated immune response expressed as delayed type hypersensitivity reaction was higher (P<0.05) in rats fed Zn propionate with no effect of other organic Zn sources. The serum progesterone concentration was higher (P<0.05) in rats fed organic Zn sources compared to inorganic zinc. The data on ovarian folliculogenesis indicated that organic Zn supplementation increased (P<0.05) the number of graafian follicles and corpus luteum with no effect on primary, secondary and tertiary follicle number. The study indicated that rats fed organic sources of Zn had higher antioxidant enzyme activities, immune response and serum progesterone concentration with higher number of mature follicles. Though the effect of feeding various organic sources were comparable, rats fed zinc methionine had higher antioxidant activity and cell mediated immune response was higher in rats on Zn propionate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20zinc" title="organic zinc">organic zinc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune" title=" immune"> immune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rats" title=" rats"> rats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive" title=" reproductive"> reproductive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12935/effect-of-dietary-organic-zinc-supplementation-on-immunocompetance-and-reproductive-performance-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6838</span> A Derivative of L-allo Threonine Alleviates Asthmatic Symptoms in vitro and in vivo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun%20Chun">Kun Chun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Chun%20Heo"> Jin-Chun Heo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Han%20Lee"> Sang-Han Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissue remodeling. In this study, we examined the anti-asthmatic activity of a derivative of L-allo threonine by in vitro and in vivo anti-asthmatic assays. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced C57BL/6 mice were used to analyze lung inflammation and cytokine expressions for exhibiting anti-atopic activity of the derivative. LX519290, a derivative of L-allo threonine, induced an increased IFN-γ and a decreased IL-10 mRNA level. This compound exhibited potent anti-asthmatic activity by decreasing immune cell infiltration in the lung, and IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine levels in the serum of OVA-induced mice. These results indicated that chronic airway injury was decreased by LX519290. We also assessed that LX519290 inhibits infiltration of immune cell, mucus release and cytokine expression in an in vivo model. Our results collectively suggest that the L-allo threonine is effective in alleviating asthmatic symptoms by treating inflammatory factors in the lung. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asthma" title="asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%20-allo%20threonine" title=" L -allo threonine"> L -allo threonine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LX519290" title=" LX519290"> LX519290</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mice" title=" mice"> mice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3306/a-derivative-of-l-allo-threonine-alleviates-asthmatic-symptoms-in-vitro-and-in-vivo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6837</span> Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic Indicators and Treatment Efficiency of Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Diagnosed in Albania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Grazhdani">Sara Grazhdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alma%20Cili"> Alma Cili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arben%20Ivanaj"> Arben Ivanaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of platelets by immune mediators, their deficient production in the red bone marrow and increased splenic sequestration, leading to the appearance of thrombocytopenia and increased risk of hemorrhage. Treatment is indicated in patients with low platelet counts (<30 x 10 9 /L) who present clinically with hemorrhagic events or are at increased risk for hemorrhage. The goal of the treatment remains (I) prevention of hemorrhagic events and deaths resulting from them, (II) reaching an adequate level of the number of platelets, (III) treatment of patients with as few toxic effects as possible. Corticosteroid therapy remains the first choice in the treatment of patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Rituximab (Mabthera) remains the first choice in the second line in the treatment of patients with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura, refractory to the use of cortisones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITP" title="ITP">ITP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rituximab" title=" rituximab"> rituximab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prednisolone" title=" prednisolone"> prednisolone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relapse" title=" relapse"> relapse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163960/epidemiological-clinical-diagnostic-indicators-and-treatment-efficiency-of-patients-with-immune-thrombocytopenic-purpura-diagnosed-in-albania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6836</span> Ocular Immunology: In Face of Immune Privilege the Eye Remains Vulnerable to Autoimmune and Inflammatory-Mediated Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Husham%20Bayazed">Husham Bayazed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose of Presentation: The eye is one of a few sites in the body with immune privilege (IP). However, this IP is relatively easily bypassed in the face of sufficient strong local or systemic immunological responses. As immune responses are crucial elements of the repair response, the eye has developed distinct mechanisms to deliver immune responses to injury in the avascular regions of the eye. This presentation may cover and provide an overview of the mechanisms that dictate immune cell trafficking to the local ocular microenvironment in response to different autoimmune and inflammatory-mediated diseases. Recent Findings: Literature reviews declare that immune responses and inflammation play a key role in a diverse range of eye diseases. In recent years, our understanding of ocular immune responses has widely spread in ocular surface inflammation, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, transplantation rejection, and other ocular diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that multiple seemingly unrelated diseases involve immune responses with common themes in their ocular pathogenesis. Recent studies are focusing on elucidating the pathogenesis of ocular inflammatory disease to identify new targets for immunotherapy that will not only improve efficacy but also minimize adverse effects from traditional therapy. Summary: While IP was believed to protect the eye from day-to-day inflammatory insults, however, it is relatively easily breached in the face of different strong local or systemic immunological and inflammatory responses. Therefore, the ocular immune response encapsulates the full range of classical and non-classical immune responses and demonstrates many features which are reflected in other tissues, but eye tissues, by modifying these responses, may reveal unexpected and novel findings which are relevant to immune responses generally. This may have therapeutic potential for new targeting immunotherapy, restoring immune tolerance in ocular autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and preventing rejection such as stem cells, currently being considered for treatment of worldwide blinding diseases such as AMD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocular%20diseases" title="ocular diseases">ocular diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunology" title=" immunology"> immunology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20privilege" title=" immune privilege"> immune privilege</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunotherapy" title=" immunotherapy"> immunotherapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159133/ocular-immunology-in-face-of-immune-privilege-the-eye-remains-vulnerable-to-autoimmune-and-inflammatory-mediated-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6835</span> Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Looking Forward to Post-COVID-19</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achiron%20Anat">Achiron Anat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathilda%20Mandel"> Mathilda Mandel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayust%20Sue"> Mayust Sue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achiron%20Reuven"> Achiron Reuven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurevich%20Michael"> Gurevich Michael</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is currently spreading around the world, it is of importance to assess the ability of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to mount an appropriate immune response to the vaccine in the context of disease-modifying treatments (DMT’s). Objectives: Evaluate immunity generated following COVID-19 vaccination in MS patients, and assess factors contributing to protective humoral and cellular immune responses in MS patients vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) virus infection. Methods: Review our recent data related to (1) the safety of PfizerBNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in adult MS patients; (2) the humoral post-vaccination SARS-CoV2 IgG response in MS vaccinees using anti-spike protein-based serology; and (3) the cellular immune response of memory B-cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and memory T-cells secreting IFN-g and/or IL-2 in response to SARS-CoV2 peptides using ELISpot/Fluorospot assays in MS patients either untreated or under treatment with fingolimod, cladribine, or ocrelizumab; (4) covariate parameters related to mounting protective immune responses. Results: COVID-19 vaccine proved safe in MS patients, and the adverse event profile was mainly characterised by pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. Not any increased risk of relapse activity was noted and the rate of patients with acute relapse was comparable to the relapse rate in non-vaccinated patients during the corresponding follow-up period. A mild increase in the rate of adverse events was noted in younger MS patients, among patients with lower disability, and in patients treated with DMTs. Following COVID-19 vaccination protective humoral immune response was significantly decreased in fingolimod- and ocrelizumab- treated MS patients. SARS-CoV2 specific B-cell and T-cell cellular responses were respectively decreased. Untreated MS patients and patients treated with cladribine demonstrated protective humoral and cellular immune responses, similar to healthy vaccinated subjects. Conclusions: COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine proved as safe for MS patients. No increased risk of relapse activity was noted post-vaccination. Although COVID-19 vaccination is new, accumulated data demonstrate differences in immune responses under various DMT’s. This knowledge can help to construct appropriate COVID-19 vaccine guidelines to ensure proper immune responses for MS patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covid-19" title="covid-19">covid-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20sclerosis" title=" multiple sclerosis"> multiple sclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IgG" title=" IgG"> IgG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142558/efficacy-and-safety-of-covid-19-vaccination-in-patients-with-multiple-sclerosis-looking-forward-to-post-covid-19" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6834</span> Immunoregulatory Cytokines and Chemokines Synthesis in Endurance Exercises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Khanferyan">Roman Khanferyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endurance exercises and strenuous muscle activity are accompanied by multiple immune dysfunctions due to the activation of cytokines and chemokines synthesis. This study assesses changes in the synthesis of immune regulatory mediators in elite athletes during endurance sports activity. The concentrations of cytokines/chemokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, MIP-1 beta, GRO-alpha, RANTES, SDF-1a, VEGF) in sera of hockey athletes (n=33) and in supernatants of 24-h cultivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of boxers (n=6) assayed by ELISA and Luminex xMAP multiplex assays. Estimation of body composition studied by using bioimpedance technology. The dietary energy consumption per person has been estimated using an album of different sizes of portions of the most frequently consumed foods. It has been demonstrated that endurance sports activity enhances the secretions of most pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in more than 2-6 fold. The study demonstrated that the high increase of more than 3-4 times in the concentration of IL-18 in sera of athletes (327.86 + 45.67 pg/ml) didn’t correlate with BMI (p=0.040) but demonstrated a low correlation with MMI (p=0.234) and BMR (p=0,231). The opposite impact on the concentration of IL-10 has been demonstrated in athletes. It has been shown a negative correlation between its concentration and BMI (p= - 0.251), MMI (p= - 0.327), and BMR (p= - 0.301). In vitro studies in boxers showed greater amounts of chemokines in the PBMC supernatants, including MIP-1β, GRO-α, RANTES, SDF-1α, and IL-8 (P<0.05). At the same time, healthy controls had greater supernatant levels of MCP-1, Eotaxin, and MIP-1α. The study demonstrated a high correlation between physical activity, usual athletes' diet, and consumption of specialized sports nutrition products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20nutrition" title="sport nutrition">sport nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokines" title=" cytokines"> cytokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemokines" title=" chemokines"> chemokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endurace%20exercises" title=" endurace exercises"> endurace exercises</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186119/immunoregulatory-cytokines-and-chemokines-synthesis-in-endurance-exercises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">45</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6833</span> TNF-Kinoid® in Autoimmune Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahia%20Massinissa">Yahia Massinissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melakhessou%20Med%20Akram"> Melakhessou Med Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mezahdia%20Mehdi"> Mezahdia Mehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marref%20Salah%20Eddine"> Marref Salah Eddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cytokines are natural proteins which act as true intercellular communication signals in immune and inflammatory responses. Reverse signaling pathways that activate cytokines help to regulate different functions at the target cell, causing its activation, its proliferation, the differentiation, its survival or death. It was shown that malfunctioning of the cytokine regulation, particularly over-expression, contributes to the onset and development of certain serious diseases such as chronic rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, lupus. The action mode of Kinoid® technology is based on the principle vaccine: The patient's immune system is activated so that it neutralizes itself and the factor responsible for the disease. When applied specifically to autoimmune diseases, therapeutic vaccination allows the body to neutralize cytokines (proteins) overproduced through a highly targeted stimulation of the immune system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokines" title="cytokines">cytokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kinoid%20tech" title=" Kinoid tech"> Kinoid tech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto-immune%20diseases" title=" auto-immune diseases"> auto-immune diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7515/tnf-kinoid-in-autoimmune-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6832</span> Optimal Tuning of a Fuzzy Immune PID Parameters to Control a Delayed System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gherbi">S. Gherbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bouchareb"> F. Bouchareb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the novel intelligent bio-inspired control strategies, it presents a novel approach based on an optimal fuzzy immune PID parameters tuning, it is a combination of a PID controller, inspired by the human immune mechanism with fuzzy logic. Such controller offers more possibilities to deal with the delayed systems control difficulties due to the delay term. Indeed, we use an optimization approach to tune the four parameters of the controller in addition to the fuzzy function; the obtained controller is implemented in a modified Smith predictor structure, which is well known that it is the most efficient to the control of delayed systems. The application of the presented approach to control a three tank delay system shows good performances and proves the efficiency of the method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delayed%20systems" title="delayed systems">delayed systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20immune%20PID" title=" fuzzy immune PID"> fuzzy immune PID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smith%20predictor" title=" Smith predictor"> Smith predictor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10235/optimal-tuning-of-a-fuzzy-immune-pid-parameters-to-control-a-delayed-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6831</span> Flocking Swarm of Robots Using Artificial Innate Immune System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muneeb%20Ahmad">Muneeb Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Raza"> Ali Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A computational method inspired by the immune system (IS) is presented, leveraging its shared characteristics of robustness, fault tolerance, scalability, and adaptability with swarm intelligence. This method aims to showcase flocking behaviors in a swarm of robots (SR). The innate part of the IS offers a variety of reactive and probabilistic cell functions alongside its self-regulation mechanism which have been translated to enable swarming behaviors. Although, the research is specially focused on flocking behaviors in a variety of simulated environments using e-puck robots in a physics-based simulator (CoppeliaSim); the artificial innate immune system (AIIS) can exhibit other swarm behaviors as well. The effectiveness of the immuno-inspired approach has been established with extensive experimentations, for scalability and adaptability, using standard swarm benchmarks as well as the immunological regulatory functions (i.e., Dendritic Cells’ Maturity and Inflammation). The AIIS-based approach has proved to be a scalable and adaptive solution for emulating the flocking behavior of SR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20innate%20immune%20system" title="artificial innate immune system">artificial innate immune system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flocking%20swarm" title=" flocking swarm"> flocking swarm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20system" title=" immune system"> immune system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swarm%20intelligence" title=" swarm intelligence"> swarm intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168936/flocking-swarm-of-robots-using-artificial-innate-immune-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6830</span> The in vitro Effects of Various Immunomodulatory Nutritional Compounds on Antigen-Stimulated Whole-Blood Culture Cytokine Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayu%20S.%20Muhamad">Ayu S. Muhamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Gleeson"> Michael Gleeson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Immunomodulators are substances that alter immune system via dynamic regulation of messenger molecules. It can be divided into immunostimulant and immunosuppressant. It can help to increase immunity of people with a low immune system, and also can help to normalize an overactive immune system. Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of in vitro exposure to low and high doses of several immunomodulators which include caffeine, kaloba and quercetin on antigen-stimulated whole blood culture cytokine production. Whole blood samples were taken from 5 healthy males (age: 32 ± 12 years; weight: 75.7 ± 6.1 kg; BMI: 24.3 ± 1.5 kg/m2) following an overnight fast with no vigorous activity during the preceding 24 h. The whole blood was then stimulated with 50 µl of 100 x diluted Pediacel vaccine and low or high dose of immunomodulators in the culture plate. After 20 h incubation (5% CO2, 37°C), it was analysed using the Evidence Investigator to determine the production of cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-1α. Caffeine and quercetin showed a tendency towards decrease cytokine production as the doses were increased. On the other hand, an upward trend was evident with kaloba, where a high dose of kaloba seemed to increase the cytokine production. In conclusion, we found that caffeine and quercetin have potential as immunosuppressant and kaloba as immunostimulant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caffeine" title="caffeine">caffeine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokine" title=" cytokine"> cytokine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunomodulators" title=" immunomodulators"> immunomodulators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kaloba" title=" kaloba"> kaloba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quercetin" title=" quercetin"> quercetin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11601/the-in-vitro-effects-of-various-immunomodulatory-nutritional-compounds-on-antigen-stimulated-whole-blood-culture-cytokine-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6829</span> Atherosclerotic Plagues and Immune Microenvironment: From Lipid-Lowering to Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Drug Approaches in Cardiovascular Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Husham%20Bayazed">Husham Bayazed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A growing number of studies indicate that atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) has a complex pathogenesis that extends beyond cholesterol intimal infiltration. The atherosclerosis process may involve an immune micro-environmental condition driven by local activation of the adaptive and innate immunity arrays, resulting in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, despite the wide usage of lipid-lowering agents, these devastating coronary diseases are not averted either at primary or secondary prevention levels. Many trials have recently shown an interest in the immune targeting of the inflammatory process of atherosclerotic plaques, with the promised improvement in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease outcomes. This recently includes the immune-modulatory drug “Canakinumab” as an anti-interleukin-1 beta monoclonal antibody in addition to "Colchicine,” which's established as a broad-effect drug in the management of other inflammatory conditions. Recent trials and studies highlight the importance of inflammation and immune reactions in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and plaque formation. This provides an insight to discuss and extend the therapies from old lipid-lowering drugs (statins) to anti-inflammatory drugs (colchicine) and new targeted immune-modulatory therapies like inhibitors of IL-1 beta (canakinumab) currently under investigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atherosclerotic%20plagues" title="atherosclerotic plagues">atherosclerotic plagues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20microenvironment" title=" immune microenvironment"> immune microenvironment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid-lowering%20agents" title=" lipid-lowering agents"> lipid-lowering agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20immunomodulatory%20drugs" title=" and immunomodulatory drugs"> and immunomodulatory drugs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178083/atherosclerotic-plagues-and-immune-microenvironment-from-lipid-lowering-to-anti-inflammatory-and-immunomodulatory-drug-approaches-in-cardiovascular-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6828</span> Soil and the Gut Microbiome: Supporting the 'Hygiene Hypothesis'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20George">Chris George</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Hamlin"> Adam Hamlin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lily%20Pereg"> Lily Pereg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Charlesworth"> Richard Charlesworth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gal%20Winter"> Gal Winter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: According to the ‘hygiene hypothesis’ the current rise in allergies and autoimmune diseases stems mainly from reduced microbial exposure due, amongst other factors, to urbanisation and distance from soil. However, this hypothesis is based on epidemiological and not biological data. Useful insights into the underlying mechanisms of this hypothesis can be gained by studying our interaction with soil. Soil microbiota may be directly ingested or inhaled by humans, enter the body through skin-soil contact or using plants as vectors. This study aims to examine the ability of soil microbiota to colonise the gut, study the interaction of soil microbes with the immune system and their potential protective activity. Method: The nutrition of the rats was supplemented daily with fresh or autoclaved soil for 21 days followed by 14 days of no supplementations. Faecal samples were collected throughout and analysed using 16S sequencing. At the end of the experiment rats were sacrificed and tissues and digesta were collected. Results/Conclusion: Results showed significantly higher richness and diversity following soil supplementation even after recovery. Specific soil microbial groups identified as able to colonise the gut. Of particular interest was the mucosal layer which emerged as a receptive host for soil microorganisms. Histological examination revealed innate and adaptive immune activation. Findings of this study reinforce the ‘hygiene hypothesis’ by demonstrating the ability of soil microbes to colonise the gut and activate the immune system. This paves the way for further studies aimed to examine the interaction of soil microorganisms with the immune system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20microbiota" title="gut microbiota">gut microbiota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene%20hypothesis" title=" hygiene hypothesis"> hygiene hypothesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title=" microbiome"> microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90507/soil-and-the-gut-microbiome-supporting-the-hygiene-hypothesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6827</span> Application of Artificial Immune Systems Combined with Collaborative Filtering in Movie Recommendation System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Chann%20Chang">Pei-Chann Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jhen-Fu%20Liao"> Jhen-Fu Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Hung%20Teng"> Chin-Hung Teng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng-Hui%20Chen"> Meng-Hui Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research combines artificial immune system with user and item based collaborative filtering to create an efficient and accurate recommendation system. By applying the characteristic of antibodies and antigens in the artificial immune system and using Pearson correlation coefficient as the affinity threshold to cluster the data, our collaborative filtering can effectively find useful users and items for rating prediction. This research uses MovieLens dataset as our testing target to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm developed in this study. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively and accurately predict the movie ratings. Compared to some state of the art collaborative filtering systems, our system outperforms them in terms of the mean absolute error on the MovieLens dataset. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20immune%20system" title="artificial immune system">artificial immune system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20filtering" title=" collaborative filtering"> collaborative filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recommendation%20system" title=" recommendation system"> recommendation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity" title=" similarity"> similarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5057/application-of-artificial-immune-systems-combined-with-collaborative-filtering-in-movie-recommendation-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">536</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6826</span> Evaluation of Humoral Immune Response Against Somatic and Excretory- Secretory Antigens of Dicrocoelium Dendriticum in Infected Sheep by Western Blot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Jafari">Arash Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somaye%20Bahrami"> Somaye Bahrami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hossein%20Razi%20Jalali"> Mohammad Hossein Razi Jalali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of excretory-secretory and somatic antigens from D. dendriticum by SDS-PAGE and evaluation of humeral immune response against these antigens. The sera of infected sheep with different infection degrees were collected. Somatic and ES proteins were isolated with SDS PAGE. Immunogenicity properties of the resulting proteins were determined using western blot analysis. The total extract of somatic antigens analysed by SDS-PAGE revealed 21 proteins. In mild infection, bands of 130 KDa were immune dominant. In moderate infections 48, 80 and 130 KDa and in heavy infections 48, 60, 80, 130 KDa were detected as immune dominant bands. In ES antigens, mild infection 130 KDa, in moderate infection 100, 120 and 130 KDa and in heavy infection 45, 80, 85, 100, 120 and 130 KDa were immune dominant bands. The most immunogenic protein band during different degrees of infection was 130KDa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dicrocoelium%20dendriticum%20excretory-secretory%20antigens" title="Dicrocoelium dendriticum excretory-secretory antigens">Dicrocoelium dendriticum excretory-secretory antigens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somatic%20antigens" title=" somatic antigens"> somatic antigens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20blot" title=" western blot"> western blot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5671/evaluation-of-humoral-immune-response-against-somatic-and-excretory-secretory-antigens-of-dicrocoelium-dendriticum-in-infected-sheep-by-western-blot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">602</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6825</span> The Role of Immunologic Diamonds in Dealing with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis; Responses of Immune Cells in Affliction to the Respiratory Tuberculosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Mohammad%20Amin%20Mousavi%20Sagharchi">Seyyed Mohammad Amin Mousavi Sagharchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Javanroudi"> Elham Javanroudi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a known disease with hidden features caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This disease, which is one of the 10 deadliest in the world, has caused millions of deaths in recent decades. Furthermore, TB is responsible for infecting about 30% population of world. Like any infection, TB can activate the immune system by locating and colonization in the human body, especially in the alveoli. TB is granulomatosis, so MTB can absorb the host’s immune cells and other cells to form granuloma. Method: Different databases (e.g., PubMed) were recruited to prepare this paper and fulfill our goals to search and find effective papers and investigations. Results: Immune response to MTB is related to T cell killers and contains CD1, CD4, and CD8 T lymphocytes. CD1 lymphocytes can recognize glycolipids, which highly exist in the Mycobacterial fatty cell wall. CD4 lymphocytes and macrophages form granuloma, and it is the main line of immune response to Mycobacteria. On the other hand, CD8 cells have cytolytic function for directly killing MTB by secretion of granulysin. Other functions and secretion to the deal are interleukin-12 (IL-12) by induction of expression interferon-γ (INF-γ) for macrophages activation and creating a granuloma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by promoting macrophage phagolysosomal fusion. Conclusion: Immune cells in battle with MTB are macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells. These immune cells can recognize the Mycobacterium by various receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nod-like receptors (NLRs), and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) located in the cell surface. In human alveoli exist about 50 dendritic macrophages, which have close communication with other immune cells in the circulating system and epithelial cells to deal with Mycobacteria. Against immune cells, MTB handles some factors (e.g., cordfactor, O-Ag, lipoarabinomannan, sulfatides, and adenylate cyclase) and practical functions (e.g., inhibition of macrophages). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycobacterium%20tuberculosis" title="mycobacterium tuberculosis">mycobacterium tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20responses" title=" immune responses"> immune responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunological%20mechanisms" title=" immunological mechanisms"> immunological mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20tuberculosis" title=" respiratory tuberculosis"> respiratory tuberculosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165031/the-role-of-immunologic-diamonds-in-dealing-with-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-responses-of-immune-cells-in-affliction-to-the-respiratory-tuberculosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6824</span> Effect of Hypoxia on the Antimicrobial Activity of Corvina Drum (Cilus Gilberti) Epidermal Mucus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belinda%20Vega">Belinda Vega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudio%20Alvarez"> Claudio Alvarez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%A9ctor%20Flores"> Héctor Flores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcia%20Oliva"> Marcia Oliva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katherine%20Alveal"> Katherine Alveal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20Toro"> Teresa Toro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Jos%C3%A9%20Tapia"> María José Tapia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fanny%20Guzm%C3%A1n"> Fanny Guzmán</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increase in global temperatures and the decrease of oxygen (O2) concentration in the oceans, fish cultures are exposed to frequent fluctuations in dissolved O2 (DO) concentration that can cause chronic stress in the animals, altering the normal functioning of their immune system and making them vulnerable to infections, consequently increasing morbidity and mortality in the farms with economic losses. The mucosal organs (skin -and mucus-, gills, gut, and nasal mucosa) are the first line of defense of the fish against pathogens. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on the antimicrobial activity of epidermal mucus from corvina drum (Cilus Gilberti), a native marine species with the potential for the diversification of aquaculture in Chile. To achieve this, the epidermal mucus of juveniles (~220g) kept under normoxia (7 mg/L DO) and hypoxia (2 mg/L DO) environmental conditions was collected after 6 weeks, as well as after 6 days of intraperitoneal inoculation with lipopolysaccharide from Vibrio anguillarum to induce an immune response in the fish. Total protein extracts of the mucus were used for bactericidal activity and lysozyme and peroxidase activity assays. Although the mucus from both experimental groups showed inhibitory effects on the bacterial growth of Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalli, this effect was more long-lasting in the normoxia group. We also observed a notable reduction in the presence of lysozyme in the mucus from fish exposed to hypoxia, with no differences in peroxidase content. Future proteomic studies of corvina mucus associated with the environmental conditions studied in this work will allow the isolation and identification of peptides with antimicrobial activity, those responsible for the results obtained. This will help establish strategies aimed at minimizing the impacts of hypoxia on the defense responses of corvina drum against potential pathogens. Funding: FONDECYT 3200440 and FONDECYT 1210056 <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cilus%20gilberti" title="Cilus gilberti">Cilus gilberti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucus" title=" mucus"> mucus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HYPOXIA" title=" HYPOXIA"> HYPOXIA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165891/effect-of-hypoxia-on-the-antimicrobial-activity-of-corvina-drum-cilus-gilberti-epidermal-mucus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6823</span> Systematic Analysis of Immune Response to Biomaterial Surface Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20Billing">Florian Billing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soren%20Segan"> Soren Segan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meike%20Jakobi"> Meike Jakobi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsa%20Arefaine"> Elsa Arefaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliki%20Jerch"> Aliki Jerch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Xiong"> Xin Xiong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Becker"> Matthias Becker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Joos"> Thomas Joos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burkhard%20Schlosshauer"> Burkhard Schlosshauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrich%20Rothbauer"> Ulrich Rothbauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20Schneiderhan-Marra"> Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanna%20Hartmann"> Hanna Hartmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Shipp"> Christopher Shipp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The immune response plays a major role in implant biocompatibility, but an understanding of how to design biomaterials for specific immune responses is yet to be achieved. We aimed to better understand how changing certain material properties can drive immune responses. To this end, we tested immune response to experimental implant coatings that vary in specific characteristics. A layer-by-layer approach was employed to vary surface charge and wettability. Human-based in vitro models (THP-1 macrophages and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCS)) were used to assess immune responses using multiplex cytokine analysis, flow cytometry (CD molecule expression) and microscopy (cell morphology). We observed dramatic differences in immune response due to specific alterations in coating properties. For example altering the surface charge of coating A from anionic to cationic resulted in the substantial elevation of the pro-inflammatory molecules IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and MIP-1beta, while the pro-wound healing factor VEGF was significantly down-regulated. We also observed changes in cell surface marker expression in relation to altered coating properties, such as CD16 on NK Cells and HLA-DR on monocytes. We furthermore observed changes in the morphology of THP-1 macrophages following cultivation on different coatings. A correlation between these morphological changes and the cytokine expression profile is ongoing. Targeted changes in biomaterial properties can produce vast differences in immune response. The properties of the coatings examined here may, therefore, be a method to direct specific biological responses in order to improve implant biocompatibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterials" title="biomaterials">biomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coatings" title=" coatings"> coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20system" title=" immune system"> immune system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implants" title=" implants"> implants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106219/systematic-analysis-of-immune-response-to-biomaterial-surface-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6822</span> The Metaproteomic Analysis of HIV Uninfected Exposed Infants’ Gut Microbiome to Help Understand Their Poor Health Statuses in An African Cohort</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tara%20Miller">Tara Miller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20Ganief"> Tariq Ganief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Blackburn"> Jonathan Blackburn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Millions of babies are still born to HIV-infected mothers each year despite the ramped-up HAART use. However, these infants are HIV uninfected but exposed, which is now a growing population that has weakened immune systems and poorer outcomes. Due to HIV exposure and possible ARV exposure during pregnancy and breastfeeding, these infants are believed to have altered immune responses and microbiomes when compared to their healthy counterparts. The gut microbiome roles an important role in infant development, specifically in the immune system. Research has shown these HIV-exposed, uninfected infants have weaker immune responses to their neonate vaccines, and in developing countries, this leaves them vulnerable to opportunistic disease. By gaining a deeper understanding of the gut microbiome and the products of the microbes via metaproteomic analysis, we can hopefully understand and improve the immune system and health of these infants. To investigate the metaproteome of the infants’ guts, mass spectrometry will be used, followed by data analysis using DIA-NN. The hypothesized results are that the HIV-exposed, uninfected infants have an altered microbiome compared to their healthy counterparts. Additionally, the differences found are hypothesized to be involved with inflammation which would contribute to the poor health of the infants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20spectrometry" title=" mass spectrometry"> mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaproteomics" title=" metaproteomics"> metaproteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title=" microbiome"> microbiome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159308/the-metaproteomic-analysis-of-hiv-uninfected-exposed-infants-gut-microbiome-to-help-understand-their-poor-health-statuses-in-an-african-cohort" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6821</span> An Unbiased Profiling of Immune Repertoire via Sequencing and Analyzing T-Cell Receptor Genes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Lin%20Chen">Yi-Lin Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Jou%20Hung"> Sheng-Jou Hung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsunglin%20Liu"> Tsunglin Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adaptive immune system recognizes a wide range of antigens via expressing a large number of structurally distinct T cell and B cell receptor genes. The distinct receptor genes arise from complex rearrangements called V(D)J recombination, and constitute the immune repertoire. A common method of profiling immune repertoire is via amplifying recombined receptor genes using multiple primers and high-throughput sequencing. This multiplex-PCR approach is efficient; however, the resulting repertoire can be distorted because of primer bias. To eliminate primer bias, 5’ RACE is an alternative amplification approach. However, the application of RACE approach is limited by its low efficiency (i.e., the majority of data are non-regular receptor sequences, e.g., containing intronic segments) and lack of the convenient tool for analysis. We propose a computational tool that can correctly identify non-regular receptor sequences in RACE data via aligning receptor sequences against the whole gene instead of only the exon regions as done in all other tools. Using our tool, the remaining regular data allow for an accurate profiling of immune repertoire. In addition, a RACE approach is improved to yield a higher fraction of regular T-cell receptor sequences. Finally, we quantify the degree of primer bias of a multiplex-PCR approach via comparing it to the RACE approach. The results reveal significant differences in frequency of VJ combination by the two approaches. Together, we provide a new experimental and computation pipeline for an unbiased profiling of immune repertoire. As immune repertoire profiling has many applications, e.g., tracing bacterial and viral infection, detection of T cell lymphoma and minimal residual disease, monitoring cancer immunotherapy, etc., our work should benefit scientists who are interested in the applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20repertoire" title="immune repertoire">immune repertoire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T-cell%20receptor" title=" T-cell receptor"> T-cell receptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5%27%20RACE" title=" 5' RACE"> 5' RACE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-throughput%20sequencing" title=" high-throughput sequencing"> high-throughput sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequence%20alignment" title=" sequence alignment"> sequence alignment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88972/an-unbiased-profiling-of-immune-repertoire-via-sequencing-and-analyzing-t-cell-receptor-genes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20activity&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20activity&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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