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<label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegación </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visitar a páxina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_da_comunidade" title="Información acerca do proxecto, do que pode facer e dos lugares onde atopar as cousas"><span>Portal da comunidade</span></a></li><li id="n-A-Taberna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:A_Taberna"><span>A Taberna</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Actualidade" title="Información acerca de acontecementos de actualidade"><span>Actualidade</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Cambios_recentes" title="A lista de modificacións recentes no wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Cambios recentes</span></a></li><li id="n-Artigos-de-calidade" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artigos_de_calidade"><span>Artigos de calidade</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Ao_chou" title="Cargar unha páxina ao chou [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Páxina ao chou</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Axuda" title="O lugar para informarse"><span>Axuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="a Wikipedia en galego" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-gl.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Procurar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Procurar neste wiki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Procura</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Procurar en Wikipedia" aria-label="Procurar en Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Procurar neste wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Procurar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Procurar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ferramentas persoais"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Cambia a aparencia do tamaño da fonte, o ancho e a cor da páxina" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparencia" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparencia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_gl.wikipedia.org&uselang=gl" class=""><span>Doazóns</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_unha_conta&returnto=Talmud" title="É recomendable que cree unha conta e acceda ao sistema, se ben non é obrigatorio" class=""><span>Crear unha conta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Iniciar_sesi%C3%B3n&returnto=Talmud" title="É recomendable que se rexistre, se ben non é obrigatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Acceder ao sistema</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Máis opcións" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas persoais" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas persoais</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú de usuario" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_gl.wikipedia.org&uselang=gl"><span>Doazóns</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_unha_conta&returnto=Talmud" title="É recomendable que cree unha conta e acceda ao sistema, se ben non é obrigatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear unha conta</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Iniciar_sesi%C3%B3n&returnto=Talmud" title="É recomendable que se rexistre, se ben non é obrigatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Acceder ao sistema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Páxinas para os editores sen a sesión iniciada <a href="/wiki/Axuda:Introduci%C3%B3n" aria-label="Máis información sobre a edición"><span>máis información</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:As_mi%C3%B1as_contribuci%C3%B3ns" title="Unha lista das modificacións feitas desde este enderezo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucións</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:A_mi%C3%B1a_conversa" title="Conversa acerca de edicións feitas desde este enderezo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Conversa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Historia"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dereito_oral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dereito_oral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Dereito oral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dereito_oral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mishná" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mishná"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Mishná</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mishná-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baraita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baraita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span><i>Baraita</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baraita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guemará" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guemará"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Guemará</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guemará-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligazóns_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligazóns_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ligazóns externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligazóns_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Talmud</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 95 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmoed" title="Talmoed – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Talmoed" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF" title="تلمود – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تلمود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF" title="تلمود – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تلمود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF" title="تلمود – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تلمود" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Талмуд – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Талмуд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Талмуд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Талмуд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Талмуд – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Талмуд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6" title="তালমুদ – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তালমুদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="تەلموود – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەلموود" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Talmwd" title="Y Talmwd – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Talmwd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B4" title="Ταλμούδ – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταλμούδ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmudo" title="Talmudo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Talmudo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF" title="تلمود – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلمود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmoed" title="Talmoed – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Talmoed" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Talmud" title="An Talmud – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Talmud" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – gaélico escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93" title="תלמוד – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תלמוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6" title="तालमुद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तालमुद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4" title="Թալմուդ – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թալմուդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talm%C3%BAd" title="Talmúd – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Talmúd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="タルムード – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タルムード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="თალმუდი – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თალმუდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Талмуд – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Талмуд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಟಾಲ್ಮೂಡ್ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟಾಲ್ಮೂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%88%EB%AC%B4%EB%93%9C" title="탈무드 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탈무드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Талмуд – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Талмуд" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmudas" title="Talmudas – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Talmudas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talm%C5%ABds" title="Talmūds – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Talmūds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmoda" title="Talmoda – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Talmoda" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Талмуд – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Талмуд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="തൽമൂദ് – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തൽമൂദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Талмуд – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Талмуд" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6" title="तल्मुद – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तल्मुद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmoed" title="Talmoed – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Talmoed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talm%C3%BAd" title="Talmúd – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Talmúd" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A6" title="ਤਲਮੂਦ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਲਮੂਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF" title="تلمود – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تلمود" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF" title="تلمود – paxto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تلمود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmude" title="Talmude – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Talmude" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Талмуд – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Талмуд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmudi" title="Talmudi – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Talmudi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Талмуд – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Талмуд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="தல்மூத் – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தல்மூத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Талмуд – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Талмуд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF" title="تلمود – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تلمود" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="塔木德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90" title="גמרא – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גמרא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塔木德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Talmud" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="塔木德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43290#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as ligazóns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espazos de nomes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Ver o contido da páxina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Conversa:Talmud" rel="discussion" title="Conversa acerca do contido desta páxina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Conversa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Talmud_Babli_bokhylle.jpg/330px-Talmud_Babli_bokhylle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Talmud_Babli_bokhylle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption> O <b>Talmud</b>, nunha edición impresa moderna</figcaption></figure> <p>O <b>Talmud</b> ou <b>talmud</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> (en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_hebrea" title="Lingua hebrea">hebreo</a>: תַּלְמוּד, <a href="/wiki/Transliteraci%C3%B3n" title="Transliteración">transl.</a> <i>ṯaləmūḏ,</i> que significa estudo) é unha obra literaria e relixiosa, feita a partir da obra básica do dereito relixioso xudeu; é unha colección dos libros sagrados dos <a href="/wiki/Xuda%C3%ADsmo" title="Xudaísmo">xudeus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> un rexistro de discusións <a href="/wiki/Rabino" title="Rabino">rabínicas</a> relativas á lei xudía e á ética xudía, e os costumes e historia dos xudeus. É un texto central do <a href="/wiki/Xuda%C3%ADsmo" title="Xudaísmo">xudaísmo</a> rabínico. </p><p>O Talmud ten dous compoñentes: a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishn%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mishná (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mishná</a>, o primeiro compendio escrito da Lei Oral Xudía; e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemara (a páxina aínda non existe)">Guemará</a>, unha discusión sobre a Mishná e os escritos tannaíticos que adoitan tocar outros temas.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Mishná foi composta por profesores <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tana%C3%ADtas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanaítas (a páxina aínda non existe)">tanaítas</a> (<i>Tannaim</i>), termo que deriva da palabra <a href="/wiki/Lingua_hebrea" title="Lingua hebrea">hebrea</a> que significa "ensinar" ou "transmitir unha tradición". Os tanaitas viviron entre os séculos I e III.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> A primeira codificación atribúese a <a href="/wiki/Akiva_ben_Iosef" title="Akiva ben Iosef">Aquiba</a> ( 50 d. C. – 130 d. C. ), e un segundo, ao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabi_Meir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabi Meir (a páxina aínda non existe)">rabino Meir</a> (entre 130 d. C. e 160 d. C. ), ambas as dúas <i>versións</i> están escritas na <a href="/wiki/Lingua_aramea" title="Lingua aramea">lingua aramea</a> actual, aínda en uso no interior de <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Os termos <i>Talmud</i> e <i>Gemara</i> úsanse a miúdo indistintamente. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> A Gemara é a base de todos os códigos da lei rabínica, e a miúdo cítase no resto da literatura rabínica; o Talmud tamén se refire a miúdo como <b>Shas</b> (en hebreo: ש"ס), unha <a href="/wiki/Abreviatura" title="Abreviatura">abreviatura</a> <a href="/wiki/Lingua_hebrea" title="Lingua hebrea">hebrea</a> de <i>shisha sedarim</i>, as "seis ordes" da Mishnah.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Historia"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dereito_oral">Dereito oral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Dereito oral»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Dereito oral"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orixinalmente, o estudo académico do <a href="/wiki/Xuda%C3%ADsmo" title="Xudaísmo">xudaísmo</a> era oral. <a href="/wiki/Rabino" title="Rabino">Os rabinos</a> expuxeron e debateron a lei (é dicir, a <a href="/wiki/Tora" title="Tora">Torá</a>) e discutiron sobre o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanakh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanakh (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tanaj</a> sen o beneficio de obras escritas (agás os propios <a href="/wiki/Biblia_hebrea" title="Biblia hebrea">libros bíblicos</a>), aínda que algúns puideron ter feito notas privadas (<i>megilot setarim</i>), por exemplo, sobre as decisións xudiciais.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> A situación cambiou drasticamente, con todo, principalmente como resultado da destrución da comunidade xudía no 70 d. C., e as consecuentes perturbacións nas normas xurídicas e sociais xudías. Cando os rabinos se viron obrigados a enfrontarse a unha nova realidade — a dun xudaísmo sen <a href="/wiki/Templo_de_Salom%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Templo de Salomón">templo</a> (para servir de estudo e ensino) e unha <a href="/wiki/Xudea" title="Xudea">Xudea</a> sen autonomía — xurdiu unha enxurrada de discursos legais e o vello sistema de estudos orais non se puido manter. Foi durante este período cando o discurso rabínico chegou a ser rexistrado por escrito.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> A primeira lei oral rexistrada puido ter a forma do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Midrash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midrash (a páxina aínda non existe)">Midrash</a>, no que a discusión <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halaka (a páxina aínda non existe)">halájica</a> se estrutura como comentarios <a href="/wiki/Exexese" title="Exexese">exexéticos</a> sobre o <a href="/wiki/Tora" title="Tora">Pentateuco</a>. Non obstante, unha forma alternativa, organizada por temas temáticos en lugar de versos bíblicos, tornouse dominante ao redor do ano 200 d. C., cando o rabino <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_HaNasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judah HaNasi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Judah HaNasi</a> escribiu a Mishná (en hebreo, משנה). </p><p>O dereito oral distaba de ser monolítico, variando enormemente entre as diferentes escolas. As dúas máis famosas foron a Escola de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shammai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shammai (a páxina aínda non existe)">Shammai</a> e a Escola de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hillel,_o_vello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hillel, o vello (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hillel</a>. En xeral, todas as opinións, incluso as non normativas, foron rexistradas no Talmud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mishná"><span id="Mishn.C3.A1"></span>Mishná</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Mishná»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Mishná"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>Mishná</b> ou <b>Mishnah</b>, tamén chamada <b>Míxena</b>, é unha compilación de opinións e debates sobre a Lei. As declaracións contidas na Mishnah adoitan ser concisas, rexistrando as breves opinións dos <a href="/wiki/Rabino" title="Rabino">rabinos</a> que debaten sobre algún tema, ou rexistran só un veredicto anónimo, que aparentemente representaba unha opinión de consenso. Os rabinos rexistrados na Mishná chámanse <i>Tannaim</i>. </p><p>Como as súas leis están ordenadas por materia en lugar de contido bíblico, a Mishná discute cada tema individualmente máis extensamente que o Midrash, e inclúe unha selección moito máis ampla de temas halájicos. A organización da Mishná converteuse así na estrutura do Talmud no seu conxunto; porén, non todos os tratados de Mishná teñen unha Guemará correspondente. Ademais, a orde dos tratados do Talmud difire en moitos casos da da Mishná. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6856698">.mw-parser-output .flexquote{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border-left:3px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);font-size:90%;margin:1em 4em;padding:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.quote{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.separator{border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);margin:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.cite{text-align:right}@media all and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{flex-direction:column}}</style> </p> <blockquote class="flexquote"> <div class="flex"> <div class="quote">A Mishná (Míxena) do xudaísmo, unha colección de ensinanzas e tradicións rabínicas, é algo máis explícita. A súa compilación atribúese ao rabino Xuda o Príncipe, que viviu nos séculos II e III d. C. Algúns do material da Mishná están claramente relacionados con circunstancias anteriores á destrución de Xerusalén e do seu templo no ano 70 E.C. Porén, un estudoso di respecto á Mishná: “É extremadamente difícil decidir que valor histórico debemos outorgar a calquera tradición rexistrada na Mishná. O espazo do tempo, que quizais contribuíu a escurecer ou distorcer as lembranzas de tempos tan diferentes; os trastornos políticos, os cambios e as confusións derivadas de dúas rebelións e dúas conquistas romanas; os estándares estimados polo partido dos fariseos (cuxas opinións recolle a Mishná), que non eran as do partido dos saduceos... -son factores aos que hai que darlle a debida importancia á hora de valorar o carácter das declaracións da Mishná. Ademais, hai moito no contido da Mishná que se atopa nun ambiente de discusión académica que se dedica á discusión, (como parece) con pouca pretensión de rexistrar usos históricos".</div> </div><div class="cite"><i>The Mishnah</i> ["A Míxena"], traduzida para o inglês por H. Danby, Londres, 1954, pp. xiv–xv) – <i>In</i> <i>Estudo Perspicaz das Escrituras, Vol. 2</i>.</div> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baraita"><i>Baraita</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Baraita»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Baraita"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ademais da Mishnah, outras ensinanzas tannaíticas estaban vixentes ao mesmo tempo, e durante algún tempo despois. A Guemará refírese frecuentemente a estas declaracións tanaíticas, para comparalas coas contidas na Mishná e para apoiar ou refutar as proposicións dos <i>Amoraim.</i> Todas estas fontes tannaíticas non misnaicas chámanse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baraita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baraita (a páxina aínda non existe)"><i>baraitot</i></a> — <i>baraita</i> (ברייתא) en singular, lit. "material de fóra", referíndose a obras externas á Mishná). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guemará"><span id="Guemar.C3.A1"></span>Guemará</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Guemará»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Guemará"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nos tres séculos que seguiron á escritura da Mishná, <a href="/wiki/Rabino" title="Rabino">os rabinos</a> de <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Babil%C3%B3nico" title="Imperio Babilónico">Babilonia</a> analizaron, debateron e discutiron esa obra. Estas discusións foron para Gemara (גמרא). A palabra significa "completude", en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_aramea" title="Lingua aramea">arameo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> do verbo <i>gamar</i> (גמר), "completar", "aprender". A Gemara céntrase principalmente en dilucidar e elaborar as opinións dos <i>Tannaim</i>. Os rabinos de Guemará foron coñecidos como os <i>Amoraim</i> — <i>Amora</i> (אמורא) en singular. </p><p>Gran parte da Guemará consiste en análises xurídicas. O punto de partida para a análise adoita ser unha declaración legal existente nunha Mishná determinada. Despois analízase o enunciado e compárase con outros enunciados, nun <a href="/wiki/Dial%C3%A9ctica" title="Dialéctica">intercambio dialéctico</a> entre dous disputantes (moitas veces anónimos, ás veces metafóricos), aos que se lles chama <i>makshan</i> ("interrogador") e <i>tartzan</i> ("respondedor"). Outra función importante da Guemará é identificar a base bíblica correcta para unha determinada lei presentada na Mishná, así como o proceso lóxico que a conecta con outra: esta actividade era coñecida como <i>talmud</i>, moito antes da existencia do Talmud como un texto. </p><p>Estes intercambios forman os compoñentes básicos da Gemara; o nome que se lle dá a cada pasaxe é <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemara (a páxina aínda non existe)">sugya</a></i> — <i>sugyah</i> (סוּגְיָה) singular; <i>sugyot</i> (סוּגְיוֹת) en plural. Un <i>sugya</i> adoita conter unha elaboración detallada e coidadosamente estudada dunha declaración mishnaica. </p><p>En certos <i>sugya</i>, as declaracións bíblicas, tanaíticas e amoraicas, son introducidas para reforzar as diversas opinións. Ao facelo, a Guemará suscita <a href="/wiki/Sem%C3%A1ntica" title="Semántica">desacordos semánticos</a> entre os <i>Tannaim</i> e os <i>Amoraim</i> (moitas veces dirixindo o punto de vista a unha autoridade máis antiga sobre como respondería á pregunta) e comparando as opinións misnaicas coas pasaxes de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barait%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baraitá (a páxina aínda non existe)">Baraita</a>. Os debates raramente se pechan formalmente; en moitos casos, a última palabra determina a lei práctica, aínda que existen varias excepcións a este principio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Definicións no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academia.gal/dicionario/-/termo/talmud"><i>Dicionario da Real Academia Galega</i></a> e no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portaldaspalabras.gal/dicionario/procura/talmud">Portal das Palabras</a> para <i>talmud</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">GURWICZ, RONY <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sejacontraste.com/2019/07/16/o-que-e-o-talmud/">O que é o Talmud?</a></i>. Rabinato Central de Israel</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><i>Talmud and Midrash (Judaism) :: The making of the Talmuds: 3rd-6th century</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ATalmud&rft.btitle=Talmud+and+Midrash+%28Judaism%29+%3A%3A+The+making+of+the+Talmuds%3A+3rd-6th+century&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|data-acceso=</code> require <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Axuda:Erros_nas_referencias#accessdate_missing_url" title="Axuda:Erros nas referencias">Axuda</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-abc_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-abc_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/tanna-Judaic-scholar">"Tanna ; Talmud, Mishnah, Halakha"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2023-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ATalmud&rft.atitle=Tanna+%3B+Talmud%2C+Mishnah%2C+Halakha&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Ftanna-Judaic-scholar&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/Gemara.html">"Gemara (Talmud)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2017-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ATalmud&rft.btitle=Gemara+%28Talmud%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.ucalgary.ca%2F~elsegal%2FTalmudMap%2FGemara.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/581644/Talmud-and-Midrash">"Talmud and Midrash | Judaism"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ATalmud&rft.atitle=Talmud+and+Midrash+%7C+Judaism&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F581644%2FTalmud-and-Midrash&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Basser, 1976.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Fishman, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ver Strack, Hermann, <i>Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash</i>, Jewish Publication Society, 1945. pgs. 11–12. "[A Lei Oral] foi transmitida de boca a boca, durante un longo período… As primeiras tentativas de anotar os asuntos tradicionais, existen motivos para se acreditar, datan da primeira metade do segundo século pos-cristián." Strack teoriza que o crecemento dun canon <a href="/wiki/Cristianismo" title="Cristianismo">cristián</a> (o <a href="/wiki/Novo_Testamento" title="Novo Testamento">Novo Testamento</a>) foi un factor que tería influenciado os rabinos a rexistrar a lei oral a través da escrita.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academia.gal/dicionario/-/termo/sinonimos/completude">"Dicionario; completude"</a>. <i>Real Academia Galega</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2023-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ATalmud&rft.atitle=Dicionario%3B+completude&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Real+Academia+Galega&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademia.gal%2Fdicionario%2F-%2Ftermo%2Fsinonimos%2Fcompletude&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Gemara">https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Gemara</a>:<br />"<i>Etymology Aramaic gĕmārā completion</i>"<br />("Etimologia aramaico gĕmārā conclusão"</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">A <a href="https://gl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Portada" class="extiw" title="q:Portada">Galicitas</a> posúe citas sobre:  <i><b><a href="https://gl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Talmud" class="extiw" title="q:Talmud">Talmud</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuda%C3%ADsmo" title="Xudaísmo">Xudaísmo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <hr /> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Este artigo tan só é un bosquexo"><img alt="Este artigo tan só é un bosquexo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Black_Star_of_David.svg/30px-Black_Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Black_Star_of_David.svg/45px-Black_Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Black_Star_of_David.svg/60px-Black_Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="line-height: 110%;"> <span style="font-size:95%"><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/Xuda%C3%ADsmo" title="Xudaísmo">xudaísmo</a> é, polo de agora, só un bosquexo. <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talmud&action=edit">Traballa nel</a></span> para axudar a contribuír a que a Galipedia <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mantemento" title="Wikipedia:Mantemento">mellore e medre</a>.</i></span><br /> <i><span style="font-size:85%">Existen igualmente outros <a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Xuda%C3%ADsmo_en_progreso" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Xudaísmo en progreso">artigos relacionados con este tema</a> nos que tamén podes contribuír.</span></i></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligazóns_externas"><span id="Ligaz.C3.B3ns_externas"></span>Ligazóns externas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar a sección: «Ligazóns externas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talmud&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ligazóns externas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>[ <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sejacontraste.com">http://www.sejacontraste.com</a> Contraste] - Biblioteca de artigos e vídeos xudeus - Rabinato Central de Israel</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43290" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q43290">Q43290</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/177806350">WorldCat</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/177806350/">177806350</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_do_Brasil" title="Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil">BLBNB</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acervo.bn.gov.br/sophia_web/autoridade/detalhe/000243425">000243425</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Arxentina" title="Biblioteca Nacional da República Arxentina">BNA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000034895">000034895</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX4138583">XX4138583</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclopedia_Rusa" title="Grande Enciclopedia Rusa">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/4180567">4180567</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Virtual_Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes">BVMC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.cervantesvirtual.com/person/27861">27861</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Talmud">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">GEC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0065087.xml">0065087</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4133699-9">4133699-9</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.jstor.org/topic/talmud">talmud</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MAG: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/154130900">154130900</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Dieta">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572715">00572715</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional da República Checa">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph117145">ph117145</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Grecia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Grecia">NLG</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://koha.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=291094">291094</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_t%C3%A9cnica_nacional_de_Praga" title="Biblioteca técnica nacional de Praga">PSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psh.techlib.cz/skos/PSH7932">7932</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/talmud">talmud</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Traído desde «<a dir="ltr" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talmud&oldid=6440325">https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talmud&oldid=6440325</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categoría</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Xuda%C3%ADsmo" title="Categoría:Xudaísmo">Xudaísmo</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorías agochadas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:P%C3%A1xinas_con_referencias_sen_URL_e_con_data_de_acceso" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Páxinas con referencias sen URL e con data de acceso">Wikipedia:Páxinas con referencias sen URL e con data de acceso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Todos_os_artigos_en_progreso" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Todos os artigos en progreso">Wikipedia:Todos os artigos en progreso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Xuda%C3%ADsmo_en_progreso" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Xudaísmo en progreso">Wikipedia:Xudaísmo en progreso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:P%C3%A1xinas_con_traduci%C3%B3ns_non_revisadas" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Páxinas con traducións non revisadas">Wikipedia:Páxinas con traducións non revisadas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> 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