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Gregg Toland - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gregg Toland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 26 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%BA_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="غريغ تولاند – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غريغ تولاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جريج تولاند – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جريج تولاند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="گرگ تولند – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرگ تولند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%92_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="גרג טולנד – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרג טולנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="グレッグ・トーランド – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グレッグ・トーランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="გრეგ ტოლანდი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრეგ ტოლანდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EA%B7%B8_%ED%86%A8%EB%9F%B0%EB%93%9C" title="그레그 톨런드 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그레그 톨런드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4,_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B3" title="Толанд, Грегг – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Толанд, Грегг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Грег Толанд – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грег Толанд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gregg Toland" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B3_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Грегг Толанд – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грегг Толанд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q166000#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> 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title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gregg_Toland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gregg_Toland.jpg/220px-Gregg_Toland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gregg_Toland.jpg/330px-Gregg_Toland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gregg_Toland.jpg/440px-Gregg_Toland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="925" /></a><figcaption>Gregg Toland in 1947</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gregg Toland</b> (lahir di Charleston, Illionis 29 Mei 1904) adalah <a href="/wiki/Sinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinema">sinematografer</a>, ahli <a href="/wiki/Kamera" title="Kamera">kamera</a> bangsa Amerika Serikat.<sup id="cite_ref-Ens_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregg Toland adalah orang yang fokus terhadap dunia film sehingga ia sudah terkenal pada usia 15 tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-Ens_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selama 18 tahun dia bekerja pada <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a> dan dia mengembangkan teknik <a href="/wiki/Fotografi" title="Fotografi">fotografi</a> yang dikenal dengan sebuatn <i>deepfocus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ens_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toland memang terkenal dalam kejeliannya menggarap gambar film, khususnya dalam hal pencahayaan yang sesuai dan ketepatannya (presisi).<sup id="cite_ref-Neil_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neil-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejak tahun 1942 dia masuk <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut" class="mw-redirect" title="Angkatan Laut">Angkatan Laut</a> Amerika.<sup id="cite_ref-Ens_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregg Toland meninggal di akhir tahun 1948 ketika ia sedang memulai pembuatan film yang berjudul <i>Roseanna McCoy</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mov_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia memulai kariernya sebagai kameraman film <i>The Bat</i> pada tahun 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain kehandalannya dalam teknik kamera, Toland juga memiliki keahlian dalam bermusik, khususnya dalam menciptakan nada.<sup id="cite_ref-Neil_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neil-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beberapa karya filmnya yang terkenal antara lain: </p> <ul><li>Nana dirilis tahun 1933;</li> <li>Les Miserables dirilis tahun 1935;</li> <li>Beloved Enemy dirilis tahun 1936;</li> <li>Dead ending heights dirilis tahun 1939;</li> <li>The grapes of wrath dirilis tahun 1940;</li> <li>Citizen Kane dirilis tahun 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-Ens_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregg_Toland&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregg_Toland&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ens-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ens_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ens_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ens_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ens_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ens_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span>Hassan Shadily & Redaksi Ensiklopedi Indonesia (Red & Peny)., Ensiklopedi Indonesia Jilid 6 (SHI-VAJ). Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru-van Hoeve, hal. 3587</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neil-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Neil_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neil_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span>John Orlandello.,O'Neill on Film.Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1982,hal. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mov-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mov_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span>Bil Nichols., Movies and Methods Volume II. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985, hal. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hist-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hist_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span>Keith M. Booker. Historical Dictionary of American Cinema. Maryland: Scrarecrow Press. 2011</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14044808g">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no92006466">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0316158&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lembaga penelitian seni</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/307074">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basis data ilmiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14340787?l=en">CiNii (Jepang)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/300996/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RERO_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (identifier)">RERO (Swiss)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A006603123">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6170bfh">Social Networks and Archival Context</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" 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