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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Constitution+of+Jersey%22">"Constitution of Jersey"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Constitution+of+Jersey%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Constitution+of+Jersey%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Constitution+of+Jersey%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Constitution+of+Jersey%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Constitution+of+Jersey%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magna_Carta_King_John_signing_the_Magna_Carta_reluctantly_by_Michael,_Arthur_C_(d_1945).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Magna_Carta_King_John_signing_the_Magna_Carta_reluctantly_by_Michael%2C_Arthur_C_%28d_1945%29.jpg/220px-Magna_Carta_King_John_signing_the_Magna_Carta_reluctantly_by_Michael%2C_Arthur_C_%28d_1945%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Magna_Carta_King_John_signing_the_Magna_Carta_reluctantly_by_Michael%2C_Arthur_C_%28d_1945%29.jpg/330px-Magna_Carta_King_John_signing_the_Magna_Carta_reluctantly_by_Michael%2C_Arthur_C_%28d_1945%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Magna_Carta_King_John_signing_the_Magna_Carta_reluctantly_by_Michael%2C_Arthur_C_%28d_1945%29.jpg/440px-Magna_Carta_King_John_signing_the_Magna_Carta_reluctantly_by_Michael%2C_Arthur_C_%28d_1945%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1268" data-file-height="1808" /></a><figcaption>It is said that <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">King John</a> granted the Channel Islands their self-government in his Constitutions. Pictured: John signing <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailiwick of Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a> has an <a href="/wiki/Unwritten_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Unwritten constitution">unwritten constitution</a> arising from the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1259)" title="Treaty of Paris (1259)">Treaty of Paris (1259)</a>. When Henry III and the King of France came to terms over the Duchy of Normandy, the <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Norman mainland</a> the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> of the King of France. The Channel Islands however remained loyal to the British crown due to the loyalties of its <a href="/wiki/Seigneur" title="Seigneur">Seigneurs</a>. But they were never absorbed into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> by any Act of Union and exist as "peculiars of the Crown". </p><p>This peculiar political position has often been to the benefit of islanders. Until the 19th century, the island was generally able to be exempt from the harsher parts of Westminster legislation, while being included in favourable policies, such as <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionist</a> economic policies. England, and later the United Kingdom, passively exploited the strategic benefits of the Channel Islands. For example, they were able to serve as a convenient stop-off point for trade to <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation">Legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Legislation relating to the organisation of government includes:</p><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Jersey constitutional law</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">States of Jersey Law 2005<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Administrative Decisions (Review)(Jersey) Law 1982<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Loi (1804) au sujet des assemblées paroissiales<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Loi (1905) au sujet des assemblées paroissiales<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Bailiff of Jersey (Vacancy in Office) Law 1959<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">European Communities (Jersey) Law 1973<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Loi (1853) au sujet des centeniers et officiers de police<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Centeniers (Terms of Office) (Jersey) Law 2007<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Human Rights (Jersey) Law 2000<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Judicial and Legislative Functions (Separation) (Jersey) Law 1951<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Parish of St. Helier (Qualifications for Office) (Jersey) Law 1976<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Police Force (Jersey) Law 1974<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Prison (Jersey) Law 1957<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Public Elections (Jersey) Law 2002<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Public Finances (Jersey) Law 2005<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Jersey) Law 2005<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Royal Court (Jersey) Law 1948<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Règlements Provisoires<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reform">Reform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Court_States_Building_Saint_Helier_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Royal_Court_States_Building_Saint_Helier_Jersey.jpg/228px-Royal_Court_States_Building_Saint_Helier_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Royal_Court_States_Building_Saint_Helier_Jersey.jpg/342px-Royal_Court_States_Building_Saint_Helier_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Royal_Court_States_Building_Saint_Helier_Jersey.jpg/456px-Royal_Court_States_Building_Saint_Helier_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1155" /></a><figcaption>All laws in Jersey must be registered by the Royal Court to become law.</figcaption></figure> <p>Campaigns for constitutional reform during the 19th century successfully called for: the replacement of lay <a href="/wiki/Jurat" title="Jurat">Jurats</a> with professional judges in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Court of Jersey">Royal Court</a> to decide questions of law; the establishment of a Police Court (later known as the <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Jersey#Lower_courts" title="Courts of Jersey">Magistrate's Court</a>); the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Jersey#Lower_courts" title="Courts of Jersey">Petty Debts Court</a>; a professional, salaried <a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey_Police" title="States of Jersey Police">police force</a> for St Helier in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Police" title="Honorary Police">Honorary Police</a>; and the reform of "archaic procedure of the Royal Court for criminal trials".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1845, the elected office of deputy was created though this did little to redress the disparity of representation between the rural and urban <a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">parishes</a>: in 1854 <a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a> contained over half of the island's population, yet was able to elect only three out of the 14 deputies.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two significant constitutional reforms took place during the 20th century. In 1946, the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Jersey">States of Jersey</a> drew up plans for change following the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">German Occupation</a>, which were examined by a Committee of the Privy Council.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No change was made to the functions of the <a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(Channel_Islands)" title="Bailiff (Channel Islands)">Bailiff</a>. The twelve Jurats were removed from the assembly of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Jersey">States of Jersey</a> and replaced by twelve senators elected on an island-wide basis who would have no judicial functions. The twelve <a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">Rectors</a> also lost their place in the States assembly. No reforms were made to the role of the Deputies in the assembly. The second major reforms took place in December 2005, when the States of Jersey Law 2005 came into force. This created a system of ministerial government to replace the previous committee-based administration.<sup id="cite_ref-clothier_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clothier-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Electoral reform is a topic of debate on the island. The 2000 Clothier report recommended the reform of the composition of the States to have a single type of member known as a Member of the States of Jersey (MSJ).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Jersey">States Assembly</a> rejected proposals to keep the 12 <a href="/wiki/Conn%C3%A9table_(Jersey_and_Guernsey)" title="Connétable (Jersey and Guernsey)">Connétables</a> and introduce 37 deputies elected to six "super-constituencies".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the States assembly agreed to hold elections for all seats on a single date and to cut the number of Senators from 12 to 8.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, a proposition (P.2016/113) was voted on in the States concerning changes to its composition. The 12 Parish Connétables would retain their position as States Members, with 32 Senators elected from six large districts, each electing either six or five Senators.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the States Assembly voted a large reform of their composition from the <a href="/wiki/2022_Jersey_general_election" title="2022 Jersey general election">2022 general election</a>. The role of Senators will be abolished and the eight senators replaced with an increased number of deputies. The 37 deputies will be elected from nine super constituencies, rather than in individual parishes as they are now. Although efforts were made the remove the Connétables, they will continue their historic role as States members.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2010, a committee chaired by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carswell,_Baron_Carswell" title="Robert Carswell, Baron Carswell">Lord Carswell</a> recommended changes to the role of the Bailiff—in particular, that the Bailiff should cease to be the presiding officer over the States Assembly. </p><p>The States Assembly agreed in March 2011 to establish an independent electoral commission to review the make-up of the assembly and government.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In April 2011, Deputy Le Claire lodged au <a href="/wiki/Greffier" title="Greffier">Greffe</a> a request for the Chief Minister to produce, for debate, a draft written "Constitution for Jersey";<sup id="cite_ref-P_52/2011_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P_52/2011-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the States Assembly did not support this idea.<sup id="cite_ref-gov.je_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov.je-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothier_report">Clothier report</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clothier report"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Report of the Review Panel on the Machinery of Government in Jersey</i><sup id="cite_ref-:4_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was released in December 2020 to provide a deep reform of the island's governance system. </p><p>The report recommended a reform of the electoral system. They recommended that an independent Chief Electoral Officer be appointed, that elections be reformed to become single-day general elections (for all States Members, including <a href="/wiki/Conn%C3%A9table_(Jersey_and_Guernsey)" title="Connétable (Jersey and Guernsey)">Connétables</a>) and that candidates be required to submit a brief statement on policies and objectives for the next term. </p><p>The report recommended alterations to the composition of the States. According to the report, the role of Senator should be abolished and replaced with 12 additional States members; the Connétables should no longer be States Members ex officio, being required to run for office separately if they wish to sit in the States; that discrepancies between the number of representatives and the parishes' populations should be evened out; that the name Deputy should be replaced with Member of the States of Jersey and that the total size of the Assembly should be between 42 and 44 members. </p><p>The report recommended that the existing Committee structure, made of twenty-four committees, should be abolished and replaced. They recommended that the number of portfolios was too large, and should be reduced; that for the committees there should be established a number of departments (as few as seven); the political direction of each department should be the purview of a Minister and one or two other members; that a Council of Ministers should be created, invested with sufficient powers; that a Treasury Department should be established to take over the Resources role of the Policy and Resources Committee and that new Scrutiny committees should be established to scrutinize the Council of Ministers. </p><p>On the role of the Bailiff, the report recommended that he should cease to act as the president of the States assembly and that a Speaker should be elected instead by the States. They also recommended he no longer be the principal link with the Home Office. Instead, he should focus his full time on his role as the Chief Justice of the Island and his position as the Lord Chancellor-equivalent for the island should be respected. </p><p>Otherwise, the report also recommended that facilities for States members be improved, with the establishment of a Committee of Members, which would provide proper facilities for all Members; that a Jersey (or Channel Islands) Ombudsman be appointed to hear complaints about Government Departments and that there should be regular use of consultative papers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_of_the_United_Kingdom">Role of the United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Role of the United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Isles_Venn_Diagram-en_(3).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/British_Isles_Venn_Diagram-en_%283%29.png/220px-British_Isles_Venn_Diagram-en_%283%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/British_Isles_Venn_Diagram-en_%283%29.png/330px-British_Isles_Venn_Diagram-en_%283%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/British_Isles_Venn_Diagram-en_%283%29.png/440px-British_Isles_Venn_Diagram-en_%283%29.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Jersey's constitutional geography places it outside the United Kingdom, but part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Islands" title="British Islands">British Islands</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Crown Dependencies have each had a historic and complex relationship with the United Kingdom and with its predecessors. Jersey is not, and has never been, part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a>, however, it has been a dependency of the monarch of each of these states at their time of existence. Therefore, the government in Westminster has played an important role in Jersey's lawmaking and political landscape since Jersey was separated from the Norman mainland. Furthermore, the island's strong non-political links with Great Britain have meant that the British political goings-on has frequently had a strong effect on Jersey's politics. </p><p>Unlike the situation of the British Overseas Territories, the UK Parliament has never been the constitutional link between the Channel Islands and the UK and the island has never had representation in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The link is instead through the monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6–7">: 6–7 </span></sup> Within the United Kingdom government, responsibility for relations between Jersey (and the other <a href="/wiki/Crown_dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown dependencies">Crown dependencies</a>) and the United Kingdom lie in the Crown Dependencies Branch within the International Directorate of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Justice</a>, which has a core team of three officials, with four others and four lawyers available when required.<sup id="cite_ref-crown-dependencies_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crown-dependencies-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: paras 11–12">: paras 11–12 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Justice_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Commons Justice Committee">House of Commons Justice Committee</a>, conducting an inquiry into the Crown dependencies, found that the Jersey government and those of the other islands were "with some important caveats, content with their relationship with the Ministry of Justice".<sup id="cite_ref-crown-dependencies_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crown-dependencies-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: para 13">: para 13 </span></sup> Tensions have, however, arisen from time to time. In the 1980s, there were discussions about a financial contribution from Jersey towards the United Kingdom's costs in relation to defence and international representation.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2009, the House of Lords <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Committee" title="Constitution Committee">Constitution Committee</a> criticised UK government proposals in the Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Bill dealing with the <a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a>, concluding that "the policy-making process ... has not been informed by any real appreciation of the constitutional status of the Crown dependencies or the rights of free movement of Islanders".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the UK cancelled the reciprocal health agreement with Jersey, though a new one came into effect in April 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to constitutional convention, United Kingdom legislation may be extended to Jersey by <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Order in Council</a> at the request of the Island's government. Whether an <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Parliament_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom">Act of the United Kingdom Parliament</a> may expressly apply to the Island as regards matters of self-government, or whether this historic power is now in abeyance, is a matter of legal debate. The States of Jersey Law 2005 established that no United Kingdom Act or Order in Council may apply to the Bailiwick without being referred to the States of Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-archive.org_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Jersey is for most day-to-day purposes entirely self-governing in relation to its internal affairs, the Crown retains residual responsibility for the "good government" of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-crown-dependencies_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crown-dependencies-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: Chapter 3">: Chapter 3 </span></sup> The UK government has consistently adopted a "non-interventionist policy", and following the "high degree of consensus amongst academics, legal advisers, politicians and officials" would only intervene "in the event of a fundamental breakdown in public order or the rule of law, endemic corruption in the government or other extreme circumstances".<sup id="cite_ref-crown-dependencies_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crown-dependencies-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: Chapter 3">: Chapter 3 </span></sup> According to UK Ministry of Justice guidance, UK Government departments have a responsibility to engage directly with the Crown Dependencies.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKelleher1991" class="citation thesis cs1">Kelleher, John D. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pugwash.lib.warwick.ac.uk/record=b1410448~S15"><i>The rural community in nineteenth century Jersey</i></a> (Thesis). S.l.: typescript.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+rural+community+in+nineteenth+century+Jersey&rft.inst=typescript&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Kelleher&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpugwash.lib.warwick.ac.uk%2Frecord%3Db1410448~S15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerseylaw.je/laws/current/Pages/16.800.aspx">"States of Jersey Law 2005"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_Information_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Legal Information Board">Jersey Legal Information Board</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jersey+Legal+Information+Board&rft.atitle=Administrative+Decisions+%28Review%29%28Jersey%29+Law+1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerseylaw.je%2Flaws%2Fcurrent%2FPages%2F16.025.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerseylaw.je/laws/current/Pages/16.100.aspx">"Loi (1804) au sujet des assemblées paroissiales"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_Information_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Legal Information Board">Jersey Legal Information Board</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jersey+Legal+Information+Board&rft.atitle=Loi+%281804%29+au+sujet+des+assembl%C3%A9es+paroissiales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerseylaw.je%2Flaws%2Fcurrent%2FPages%2F16.100.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerseylaw.je/laws/current/Pages/16.120.aspx">"Loi (1905) au sujet des assemblées paroissiales"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_Information_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Legal Information Board">Jersey Legal Information Board</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jersey+Legal+Information+Board&rft.atitle=Bailiff+of+Jersey+%28Vacancy+in+Office%29+Law+1959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerseylaw.je%2Flaws%2Fcurrent%2FPages%2F16.200.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerseylaw.je/laws/current/Pages/17.210.aspx">"European Communities (Jersey) Law 1973"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_Information_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Legal Information Board">Jersey Legal Information Board</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jersey+Legal+Information+Board&rft.atitle=European+Communities+%28Jersey%29+Law+1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerseylaw.je%2Flaws%2Fcurrent%2FPages%2F17.210.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerseylaw.je/laws/current/Pages/23.050.aspx">"Loi (1853) au sujet des centeniers et officiers de police"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_Information_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Legal Information Board">Jersey Legal Information Board</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jersey+Legal+Information+Board&rft.atitle=Prison+%28Jersey%29+Law+1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerseylaw.je%2Flaws%2Fcurrent%2FPages%2F23.775.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLe_Quesne2005" class="citation book cs1">Le Quesne, J G (2005). "The Development of Constitutional Autonomy during the Nineteenth Century". In Bailhache, Philip (ed.). <i>A Celebration of Autonomy: 1204–2004, 800 years of Channel Islands' Law</i>. St Helier: Jersey and Guernsey Law Review Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9535903-7-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-9535903-7-2"><bdi>0-9535903-7-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+Constitutional+Autonomy+during+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.btitle=A+Celebration+of+Autonomy%3A+1204%E2%80%932004%2C+800+years+of+Channel+Islands%27+Law&rft.place=St+Helier&rft.pub=Jersey+and+Guernsey+Law+Review+Ltd&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-9535903-7-2&rft.aulast=Le+Quesne&rft.aufirst=J+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLe_Hérissier1972" class="citation book cs1">Le Hérissier, Roy (1972). <i>The Development of the Government of Jersey 1771–1972</i>. St Helier, Jersey: States of Jersey. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9501995-1-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9501995-1-6"><bdi>0-9501995-1-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+the+Government+of+Jersey+1771%E2%80%931972&rft.place=St+Helier%2C+Jersey&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=States+of+Jersey&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-9501995-1-6&rft.aulast=Le+H%C3%A9rissier&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHome_Office1947" class="citation book cs1">Home Office (March 1947). <i>Report of the Committee of the Privy Council on Proposed Reforms in the Channel Islands</i>. Cmd 7074. London, United Kingdom: HMSO. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34405533">34405533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Committee+of+the+Privy+Council+on+Proposed+Reforms+in+the+Channel+Islands&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.series=Cmd+7074&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1947-03&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F34405533&rft.au=Home+Office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clothier-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clothier_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_States_of_Jersey_Policy_and_Resources_Committee2000" class="citation book cs1">The States of Jersey Policy and Resources Committee (1 December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/ID%20ClothierReport%20100331%20CC.pdf"><i>Report of the Review Panel on the Machinery of Government in Jersey</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. St Helier, Jersey: States of Jersey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Review+Panel+on+the+Machinery+of+Government+in+Jersey&rft.place=St+Helier%2C+Jersey&rft.pub=States+of+Jersey&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.au=The+States+of+Jersey+Policy+and+Resources+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.je%2FSiteCollectionDocuments%2FGovernment%2520and%2520administration%2FID%2520ClothierReport%2520100331%2520CC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/ID%20ClothierReport%20100331%20CC.pdf">"Error"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Error&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.je%2FSiteCollectionDocuments%2FGovernment%2520and%2520administration%2FID%2520ClothierReport%2520100331%2520CC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322232914/http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline_jerseynews/displayarticle.asp?id=447730">"Constitutional reforms rejected – Jersey News from ITV Channel Television"</a>. <i>channelonline.tv</i>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline_jerseynews/displayarticle.asp?id=447730">the original</a> on 22 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=channelonline.tv&rft.atitle=Constitutional+reforms+rejected+%E2%80%93+Jersey+News+from+ITV+Channel+Television&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelonline.tv%2Fchannelonline_jerseynews%2Fdisplayarticle.asp%3Fid%3D447730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322232921/http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline_jerseynews/displayarticle.asp?id=491289">"Yes to General Elections – Jersey News from ITV Channel Television"</a>. <i>channelonline.tv</i>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline_jerseynews/displayarticle.asp?id=491289">the original</a> on 22 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=channelonline.tv&rft.atitle=Yes+to+General+Elections+%E2%80%93+Jersey+News+from+ITV+Channel+Television&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelonline.tv%2Fchannelonline_jerseynews%2Fdisplayarticle.asp%3Fid%3D491289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis2016" class="citation report cs1">Lewis, A.D. (2016-12-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statesassembly.gov.je/AssemblyPropositions/2016/P.133-2016.pdf">COMPOSITION AND ELECTION OF THE STATES ASSEMBLY</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). States Greffe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=COMPOSITION+AND+ELECTION+OF+THE+STATES+ASSEMBLY&rft.pub=States+Greffe&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=A.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatesassembly.gov.je%2FAssemblyPropositions%2F2016%2FP.133-2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/jsy/news/states-swat-away-last-ditch-attempt-save-senators/">"Politicians bat away last-ditch attempt to save Senators"</a>. <i>Bailiwick Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bailiwick+Express&rft.atitle=Politicians+bat+away+last-ditch+attempt+to+save+Senators&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bailiwickexpress.com%2Fjsy%2Fnews%2Fstates-swat-away-last-ditch-attempt-save-senators%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322232926/http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline_jerseynews/displayarticle.asp?id=493176">"States in a state? – Jersey News from ITV Channel Television"</a>. <i>Channelonline.tv</i>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline_jerseynews/displayarticle.asp?id=493176">the original</a> on 22 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channelonline.tv&rft.atitle=States+in+a+state%3F+%E2%80%93+Jersey+News+from+ITV+Channel+Television&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelonline.tv%2Fchannelonline_jerseynews%2Fdisplayarticle.asp%3Fid%3D493176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P_52/2011-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-P_52/2011_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLe_Claire2011" class="citation journal cs1">Le Claire, Paul (5 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesassembly.gov.je">"Constitution for Jersey"</a>. <i>States of Jersey</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=States+of+Jersey&rft.atitle=Constitution+for+Jersey&rft.date=2011-04-05&rft.aulast=Le+Claire&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesassembly.gov.je&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gov.je-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gov.je_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statesassembly.gov.je/Pages/default.aspx">"States Assembly"</a>. <i>Statesassembly.gov.je</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statesassembly.gov.je&rft.atitle=States+Assembly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatesassembly.gov.je%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/863381/crown-dependencies-factsheet-february-2020.pdf">Fact sheet on the UK's relationship with the Crown Dependencies</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). UK Ministry of Justice. n.d.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Fact+sheet+on+the+UK%27s+relationship+with+the+Crown+Dependencies&rft.pub=UK+Ministry+of+Justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F863381%2Fcrown-dependencies-factsheet-february-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crown-dependencies-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crown-dependencies_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crown-dependencies_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crown-dependencies_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crown-dependencies_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHouse_of_Commons_Justice_Committee2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Justice_Select_Committee" title="Justice Select Committee">House of Commons Justice Committee</a> (23 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170725011834/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmjust/56/56i.pdf"><i>Crown Dependencies</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 8th Report of Session 2009–10. London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-215-55334-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-215-55334-8"><bdi>978-0-215-55334-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmjust/56/56i.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crown+Dependencies&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=2010-03-23&rft.isbn=978-0-215-55334-8&rft.au=House+of+Commons+Justice+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200910%2Fcmselect%2Fcmjust%2F56%2F56i.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See below.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHouse_of_Lords_Constitution_Committee2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Committee" title="Constitution Committee">House of Lords Constitution Committee</a> (11 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190730034632/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200809/ldselect/ldconst/54/5402.htm"><i>Part 3 of the Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Bill</i></a>. Vol. 7th Report of Session 2008–2009. London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-104-01450-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-104-01450-9"><bdi>978-0-104-01450-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200809/ldselect/ldconst/54/5402.htm">the original</a> on 30 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Part+3+of+the+Borders%2C+Citizenship+and+Immigration+Bill&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=2009-03-11&rft.isbn=978-0-104-01450-9&rft.au=House+of+Lords+Constitution+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld200809%2Fldselect%2Fldconst%2F54%2F5402.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181210124624/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200910/ldhansrd/text/100125-0002.htm#1001252000061">"Lords Hansard text for 25 Jan 201025 Jan 2010 (pt 0002)"</a>. <i>Publications.parliament.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200910/ldhansrd/text/100125-0002.htm#1001252000061">the original</a> on 10 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publications.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Lords+Hansard+text+for+25+Jan+201025+Jan+2010+%28pt+0002%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld200910%2Fldhansrd%2Ftext%2F100125-0002.htm%231001252000061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211125324/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm110401/wmstext/110401m0001.htm#11040177000049">"House of Commons Hansard Ministerial Statements for 01 Apr 2011 (pt 0001)"</a>. <i>Publications.parliament.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm110401/wmstext/110401m0001.htm#11040177000049">the original</a> on 11 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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