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is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.03255">arXiv:2306.03255</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.03255">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2306.03255">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Software Engineering">cs.SE</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Other Quantitative Biology">q-bio.OT</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Evaluation of software impact designed for biomedical research: Are we measuring what's meaningful? </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Afiaz%2C+A">Awan Afiaz</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Ivanov%2C+A">Andrey Ivanov</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Chamberlin%2C+J">John Chamberlin</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Hanauer%2C+D">David Hanauer</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Savonen%2C+C">Candace Savonen</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Goldman%2C+M+J">Mary J Goldman</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Morgan%2C+M">Martin Morgan</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Reich%2C+M">Michael Reich</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Getka%2C+A">Alexander Getka</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Holmes%2C+A">Aaron Holmes</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Pati%2C+S">Sarthak Pati</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Knight%2C+D">Dan Knight</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Boutros%2C+P+C">Paul C. Boutros</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Bakas%2C+S">Spyridon Bakas</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Caporaso%2C+J+G">J. Gregory Caporaso</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Del+Fiol%2C+G">Guilherme Del Fiol</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Hochheiser%2C+H">Harry Hochheiser</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Haas%2C+B">Brian Haas</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Schloss%2C+P+D">Patrick D. Schloss</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Eddy%2C+J+A">James A. Eddy</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Albrecht%2C+J">Jake Albrecht</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Fedorov%2C+A">Andrey Fedorov</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Waldron%2C+L">Levi Waldron</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Hoffman%2C+A+M">Ava M. Hoffman</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Bradshaw%2C+R+L">Richard L. Bradshaw</a> , et al. (2 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.03255v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Software is vital for the advancement of biology and medicine. Analysis of usage and impact metrics can help developers determine user and community engagement, justify additional funding, encourage additional use, identify unanticipated use cases, and help define improvement areas. However, there are challenges associated with these analyses including distorted or misleading metrics, as well as e… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.03255v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2306.03255v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.03255v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Software is vital for the advancement of biology and medicine. Analysis of usage and impact metrics can help developers determine user and community engagement, justify additional funding, encourage additional use, identify unanticipated use cases, and help define improvement areas. However, there are challenges associated with these analyses including distorted or misleading metrics, as well as ethical and security concerns. More attention to the nuances involved in capturing impact across the spectrum of biological software is needed. Furthermore, some tools may be especially beneficial to a small audience, yet may not have compelling typical usage metrics. We propose more general guidelines, as well as strategies for more specific types of software. We highlight outstanding issues regarding how communities measure or evaluate software impact. To get a deeper understanding of current practices for software evaluations, we performed a survey of participants in the Informatics Technology for Cancer Research (ITCR) program funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). We also investigated software among this community and others to assess how often infrastructure that supports such evaluations is implemented and how this impacts rates of papers describing usage of the software. We find that developers recognize the utility of analyzing software usage, but struggle to find the time or funding for such analyses. We also find that infrastructure such as social media presence, more in-depth documentation, the presence of software health metrics, and clear information on how to contact developers seem to be associated with increased usage rates. Our findings can help scientific software developers make the most out of evaluations of their software. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.03255v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2306.03255v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 5 June, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">25 total pages (17 pages for manuscript and 8 pages for the supplement). There are 2 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.00838">arXiv:2306.00838</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.00838">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2306.00838">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Other Quantitative Biology">q-bio.OT</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Image and Video Processing">eess.IV</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS-METS) Challenge 2023: Brain Metastasis Segmentation on Pre-treatment MRI </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Moawad%2C+A+W">Ahmed W. Moawad</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Janas%2C+A">Anastasia Janas</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Baid%2C+U">Ujjwal Baid</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Ramakrishnan%2C+D">Divya Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Saluja%2C+R">Rachit Saluja</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Ashraf%2C+N">Nader Ashraf</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Maleki%2C+N">Nazanin Maleki</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Jekel%2C+L">Leon Jekel</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Yordanov%2C+N">Nikolay Yordanov</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Fehringer%2C+P">Pascal Fehringer</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Gkampenis%2C+A">Athanasios Gkampenis</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Amiruddin%2C+R">Raisa Amiruddin</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Manteghinejad%2C+A">Amirreza Manteghinejad</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Adewole%2C+M">Maruf Adewole</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Albrecht%2C+J">Jake Albrecht</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Anazodo%2C+U">Udunna Anazodo</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Aneja%2C+S">Sanjay Aneja</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Anwar%2C+S+M">Syed Muhammad Anwar</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Bergquist%2C+T">Timothy Bergquist</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Chiang%2C+V">Veronica Chiang</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Chung%2C+V">Verena Chung</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Conte%2C+G+M">Gian Marco Conte</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Dako%2C+F">Farouk Dako</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Eddy%2C+J">James Eddy</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Ezhov%2C+I">Ivan Ezhov</a> , et al. (207 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.00838v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The translation of AI-generated brain metastases (BM) segmentation into clinical practice relies heavily on diverse, high-quality annotated medical imaging datasets. The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge has gained momentum for testing and benchmarking algorithms using rigorously annotated internationally compiled real-world datasets. This study presents the results of the segmentation challenge and chara… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.00838v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2306.00838v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.00838v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The translation of AI-generated brain metastases (BM) segmentation into clinical practice relies heavily on diverse, high-quality annotated medical imaging datasets. The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge has gained momentum for testing and benchmarking algorithms using rigorously annotated internationally compiled real-world datasets. This study presents the results of the segmentation challenge and characterizes the challenging cases that impacted the performance of the winning algorithms. Untreated brain metastases on standard anatomic MRI sequences (T1, T2, FLAIR, T1PG) from eight contributed international datasets were annotated in stepwise method: published UNET algorithms, student, neuroradiologist, final approver neuroradiologist. Segmentations were ranked based on lesion-wise Dice and Hausdorff distance (HD95) scores. False positives (FP) and false negatives (FN) were rigorously penalized, receiving a score of 0 for Dice and a fixed penalty of 374 for HD95. Eight datasets comprising 1303 studies were annotated, with 402 studies (3076 lesions) released on Synapse as publicly available datasets to challenge competitors. Additionally, 31 studies (139 lesions) were held out for validation, and 59 studies (218 lesions) were used for testing. Segmentation accuracy was measured as rank across subjects, with the winning team achieving a LesionWise mean score of 7.9. Common errors among the leading teams included false negatives for small lesions and misregistration of masks in space.The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge successfully curated well-annotated, diverse datasets and identified common errors, facilitating the translation of BM segmentation across varied clinical environments and providing personalized volumetric reports to patients undergoing BM treatment. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.00838v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2306.00838v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 8 December, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 1 June, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.17033">arXiv:2305.17033</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.17033">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2305.17033">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Image and Video Processing">eess.IV</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition">cs.CV</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantitative Methods">q-bio.QM</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge 2023: Focus on Pediatrics (CBTN-CONNECT-DIPGR-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS-PEDs) </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Kazerooni%2C+A+F">Anahita Fathi Kazerooni</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Khalili%2C+N">Nastaran Khalili</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Liu%2C+X">Xinyang Liu</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Haldar%2C+D">Debanjan Haldar</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Jiang%2C+Z">Zhifan Jiang</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Anwar%2C+S+M">Syed Muhammed Anwar</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Albrecht%2C+J">Jake Albrecht</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Adewole%2C+M">Maruf Adewole</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Anazodo%2C+U">Udunna Anazodo</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+H">Hannah Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Bagheri%2C+S">Sina Bagheri</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Baid%2C+U">Ujjwal Baid</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Bergquist%2C+T">Timothy Bergquist</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Borja%2C+A+J">Austin J. Borja</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Calabrese%2C+E">Evan Calabrese</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Chung%2C+V">Verena Chung</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Conte%2C+G">Gian-Marco Conte</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Dako%2C+F">Farouk Dako</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Eddy%2C+J">James Eddy</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Ezhov%2C+I">Ivan Ezhov</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Familiar%2C+A">Ariana Familiar</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Farahani%2C+K">Keyvan Farahani</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Haldar%2C+S">Shuvanjan Haldar</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Iglesias%2C+J+E">Juan Eugenio Iglesias</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Janas%2C+A">Anastasia Janas</a> , et al. (48 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2305.17033v7-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Pediatric tumors of the central nervous system are the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. The five-year survival rate for high-grade gliomas in children is less than 20\%. Due to their rarity, the diagnosis of these entities is often delayed, their treatment is mainly based on historic treatment concepts, and clinical trials require multi-institutional collaborations. The MICCA… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2305.17033v7-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2305.17033v7-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2305.17033v7-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Pediatric tumors of the central nervous system are the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. The five-year survival rate for high-grade gliomas in children is less than 20\%. Due to their rarity, the diagnosis of these entities is often delayed, their treatment is mainly based on historic treatment concepts, and clinical trials require multi-institutional collaborations. The MICCAI Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge is a landmark community benchmark event with a successful history of 12 years of resource creation for the segmentation and analysis of adult glioma. Here we present the CBTN-CONNECT-DIPGR-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS-PEDs 2023 challenge, which represents the first BraTS challenge focused on pediatric brain tumors with data acquired across multiple international consortia dedicated to pediatric neuro-oncology and clinical trials. The BraTS-PEDs 2023 challenge focuses on benchmarking the development of volumentric segmentation algorithms for pediatric brain glioma through standardized quantitative performance evaluation metrics utilized across the BraTS 2023 cluster of challenges. Models gaining knowledge from the BraTS-PEDs multi-parametric structural MRI (mpMRI) training data will be evaluated on separate validation and unseen test mpMRI dataof high-grade pediatric glioma. The CBTN-CONNECT-DIPGR-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS-PEDs 2023 challenge brings together clinicians and AI/imaging scientists to lead to faster development of automated segmentation techniques that could benefit clinical trials, and ultimately the care of children with brain tumors. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2305.17033v7-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2305.17033v7-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 May, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 26 May, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0912.2955">arXiv:0912.2955</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0912.2955">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Molecular Networks">q-bio.MN</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantitative Methods">q-bio.QM</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.200900234">10.1002/biot.200900234 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Accomplishments in Genome-Scale In Silico Modeling for Industrial and Medical Biotechnology </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Milne%2C+C+B">Caroline B. Milne</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+P">Pan-Jun Kim</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Eddy%2C+J+A">James A. Eddy</a>, <a href="/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Price%2C+N+D">Nathan D. Price</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0912.2955v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Driven by advancements in high-throughput biological technologies and the growing number of sequenced genomes, the construction of in silico models at the genome scale has provided powerful tools to investigate a vast array of biological systems and applications. Here, we review comprehensively the uses of such models in industrial and medical biotechnology, including biofuel generation, food pr… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0912.2955v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0912.2955v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0912.2955v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Driven by advancements in high-throughput biological technologies and the growing number of sequenced genomes, the construction of in silico models at the genome scale has provided powerful tools to investigate a vast array of biological systems and applications. Here, we review comprehensively the uses of such models in industrial and medical biotechnology, including biofuel generation, food production, and drug development. While the use of in silico models is still in its early stages for delivering to industry, significant initial successes have been achieved. For the cases presented here, genome-scale models predict engineering strategies to enhance properties of interest in an organism or to inhibit harmful mechanisms of pathogens. Going forward, genome-scale in silico models promise to extend their application and analysis scope to become a transformative tool in biotechnology. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0912.2955v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0912.2955v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 15 December, 2009; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2009. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Highlighted in "In this issue" section of Biotechnology Journal 12/2009</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Biotechnol. J. 4, 1653 (2009) </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/contact.html"> Contact</a> </li> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>subscribe to arXiv mailings</title><desc>Click here to subscribe</desc><path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/subscribe"> Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/license/index.html">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/policies/privacy_policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column sorry-app-links"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/web_accessibility.html">Web Accessibility Assistance</a></li> <li> <p class="help"> <a class="a11y-main-link" href="https://status.arxiv.org" target="_blank">arXiv Operational Status <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512" class="icon filter-dark_grey" role="presentation"><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"/></svg></a><br> Get status notifications via <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/email/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg>email</a> or <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/slack/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M94.12 315.1c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06S0 341 0 315.1c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h47.06v47.06zm23.72 0c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v117.84c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06s-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V315.1zm47.06-188.98c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06S139 32 164.9 32s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v47.06H164.9zm0 23.72c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H47.06C21.16 243.96 0 222.8 0 196.9s21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06H164.9zm188.98 47.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06h-47.06V196.9zm-23.72 0c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V79.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06V196.9zM283.1 385.88c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06v-47.06h47.06zm0-23.72c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06 0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h117.84c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H283.1z"/></svg>slack</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </footer> <script src="https://static.arxiv.org/static/base/1.0.0a5/js/member_acknowledgement.js"></script> </body> </html>

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