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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_DR_DOS_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_DR_DOS_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 First DR DOS version </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_DR_DOS_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DR_DOS_5.0" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DR_DOS_5.0"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 DR DOS 5.0 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DR_DOS_5.0-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DR_DOS_6.0_/_Competition_from_Microsoft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DR_DOS_6.0_/_Competition_from_Microsoft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 DR DOS 6.0 / Competition from Microsoft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DR_DOS_6.0_/_Competition_from_Microsoft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PalmDOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PalmDOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 PalmDOS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PalmDOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novell_DOS_7_/_Contribution_by_Novell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novell_DOS_7_/_Contribution_by_Novell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Novell DOS 7 / Contribution by Novell </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novell_DOS_7_/_Contribution_by_Novell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_Novell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_Novell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 After Novell </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_Novell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Later versions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Controversies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Commands </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Commands-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Commands subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internal_commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Internal commands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_commands-sublist" 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="DR-DOS" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="DR-DOS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="DR-DOS" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="DR-DOS" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="DR-DOS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="DR-DOS" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="DR-DOS" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">MSDOS-like operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/DRDOS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="DRDOS (disambiguation)">DRDOS</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">DR-DOS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:DeviceLogics_DR-DOS_8.0_720x400.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/DeviceLogics_DR-DOS_8.0_720x400.png/300px-DeviceLogics_DR-DOS_8.0_720x400.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/DeviceLogics_DR-DOS_8.0_720x400.png/450px-DeviceLogics_DR-DOS_8.0_720x400.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/DeviceLogics_DR-DOS_8.0_720x400.png/600px-DeviceLogics_DR-DOS_8.0_720x400.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="400" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">DeviceLogics DR-DOS 8.0</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera_(company)" title="Caldera (company)">Caldera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/DeviceLogics" title="DeviceLogics">DeviceLogics</a><a href="#cite_note-about-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Discontinued</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data">Mixed; primarily <a href="/wiki/Closed-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed-source">closed-source</a>, some versions <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">28 May 1988; 36 years ago (1988-05-28)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Final release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7.01.08 / 21 July 2011; 13 years ago (2011-07-21)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">Available in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, older versions also in German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic kernel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Default user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">Command-line interface</a> (<a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drdos.com">drdos.com</a> (dead since 2018)</td></tr></tbody></table> DR-DOS (written as DR DOS, without a hyphen, in versions up to and including 6.0) is a <a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">disk operating system</a> for <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatibles</a>. Upon its introduction in 1988, it was the first DOS that attempted to be compatible with <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> (which were the same product sold under different names). DR-DOS was developed by <a href="/wiki/Gary_A._Kildall" class="mw-redirect" title="Gary A. Kildall">Gary A. Kildall</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> and derived from <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_PC_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent PC DOS">Concurrent PC DOS</a> 6.0, which was an advanced successor of <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a>. As ownership changed, various later versions were produced with names including <a href="#Novell_DOS">Novell DOS</a> and <a href="#OpenDOS">Caldera OpenDOS</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_in_CP/M">Origins in CP/M</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins in CP/M">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>'s original <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> for the 8-bit <a href="/wiki/Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">Intel 8080</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Z80</a>-based systems spawned numerous spin-off versions, most notably CP/M-86 for the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">Intel 8086</a>/<a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">8088</a> family of processors. Although CP/M had dominated the market since the mid-1970s, and was shipped with the vast majority of non-proprietary-architecture personal computers, the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a> in 1981 brought the beginning of what was eventually to be a massive change. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> originally approached Digital Research in 1980, seeking an <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> version of CP/M. However, there were disagreements over the contract, and IBM withdrew. Instead, a deal was struck with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, who purchased another operating system, <a href="/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a> (SCP). This became Microsoft <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a>. 86-DOS's command structure and application programming interface imitated that of <a href="/wiki/CP/M_2.2" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M 2.2">CP/M 2.2</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Basic_Disk_Operating_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Disk Operating System">BDOS</a> 2.2). Digital Research threatened legal action, claiming PC DOS/MS-DOS to be too similar to CP/M. In early 1982, IBM settled by agreeing to sell Digital Research's x86 version of CP/M, <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a>, alongside PC DOS. However, PC DOS sold for <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>40 while CP/M-86 had a $240 price tag. The proportion of PC buyers prepared to spend six times as much to buy CP/M-86 was very small, and the limited availability of compatible application software, at first in Digital Research's favor, was only temporary.<a href="#cite_note-podtech-2">[2]</a> Digital Research fought a long losing battle to promote CP/M-86 and its multi-tasking multi-user successors <a href="/wiki/MP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86">MP/M-86</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86">Concurrent CP/M-86</a>, and eventually decided that they could not beat the Microsoft-IBM lead in application software availability, so they modified Concurrent CP/M-86 to allow it to run the same applications as MS-DOS and PC DOS. This was shown publicly in December 1983<a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_PCMODE-3">[3]</a> and shipped in March 1984 as <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_3.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 3.1">Concurrent DOS 3.1</a> (a.k.a. CDOS with BDOS 3.1) to hardware vendors.<a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_CDOS31-4">[4]</a> While Concurrent DOS continued to evolve in various flavours over the years to eventually become <a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/REAL/32" class="mw-redirect" title="REAL/32">REAL/32</a>, it was not specifically tailored for the desktop market and too expensive for single-user applications. Therefore, over time two attempts were made to sideline the product: In 1985, Digital Research developed <a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus_1.0" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS Plus 1.0">DOS Plus 1.0</a> to <a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus_2.1" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS Plus 2.1">2.1</a>, a stripped-down and modified single-user derivative of <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_4.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 4.1">Concurrent DOS 4.1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_5.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 5.0">5.0</a>, which ran applications for both platforms, and allowed switching between several tasks<a href="#cite_note-DOS_Plus-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wein_2009_DOSPLUS-6">[6]</a> as did the original CP/M-86. Its DOS compatibility was limited, and Digital Research made another attempt, this time a native DOS system.<a href="#cite_note-Wein_2009_DOSPLUS-6">[6]</a> This new disk operating system was launched in 1988 as DR DOS. Although DRI was based in <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Grove,_California" title="Pacific Grove, California">Pacific Grove</a> and later in <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey</a>, California, USA, the work on DOS Plus started in <a href="/wiki/Newbury,_Berkshire" title="Newbury, Berkshire">Newbury</a>, Berkshire in the UK, where Digital Research Europe had its OEM Support Group located since 1983.<a href="#cite_note-NB_Office-Locations-7">[nb 1]</a> Beginning in 1986, most of the operating system work on <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_386" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 386">Concurrent DOS 386</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_XM" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS XM">XM</a>, Multiuser DOS, DR DOS and PalmDOS was done in Digital Research's European Development Centre (EDC) in <a href="/wiki/Hungerford,_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungerford, Berkshire">Hungerford</a>, Berkshire.<a href="#cite_note-NB_Office-Locations-7">[nb 1]</a> Later on some work was also done by Digital Research GmbH in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_DR_DOS_version">First DR DOS version</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First DR DOS version">edit</a>]</div> As requested by several <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">OEMs</a>, Digital Research started a plan to develop a new DOS operating system addressing the defects left by MS-DOS in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a> Of particular importance was a million dollar deal with <a href="/wiki/Kazuhiko_Nishi" title="Kazuhiko Nishi">Kazuhiko "Kay" Nishi</a> of <a href="/wiki/ASCII_Corporation" title="ASCII Corporation">ASCII Corporation</a>, who had previously been instrumental in opening the Japanese OEM market for Microsoft.<a href="#cite_note-Wein_2009_DOSPLUS-6">[6]</a> The first DR DOS version was released on 28 May 1988.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a> Version numbers were chosen to reflect features relative to MS-DOS; the first version promoted to the public was DR DOS 3.31,<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a> which offered features comparable to <a href="/wiki/Compaq_MS-DOS_3.31" class="mw-redirect" title="Compaq MS-DOS 3.31">Compaq MS-DOS 3.31</a> with large disk support (<a href="/wiki/FAT16B" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16B">FAT16B</a> a.k.a. "BIGDOS"). DR DOS 3.31 reported itself as "IBM PC DOS 3.31", while the internal BDOS (<a href="/wiki/Basic_Disk_Operating_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Disk Operating System">Basic Disk Operating System</a>) kernel version was reported as 6.0, single-user nature, reflecting its origin as derivative of <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_6.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 6.0">Concurrent DOS 6.0</a> with the multitasking and multiuser capabilities as well as CP/M <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">API</a> support stripped out and the <a href="/wiki/XIOS" class="mw-redirect" title="XIOS">XIOS</a> replaced by an IBM-compatible <a href="/wiki/DOS-BIOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS-BIOS">DOS-BIOS</a>. The system files were named <a href="/wiki/DRBIOS.SYS" class="mw-redirect" title="DRBIOS.SYS">DRBIOS.SYS</a> (for the DOS-BIOS) and <a href="/wiki/DRBDOS.SYS" class="mw-redirect" title="DRBDOS.SYS">DRBDOS.SYS</a> (for the BDOS kernel), the disk OEM label used was "DIGITAL␠". DR DOS offered some extended command line tools with command line help, verbose error messages, sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Command_history" title="Command history">command line history</a> and editing (<a href="/wiki/HISTORY_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="HISTORY (CONFIG.SYS directive)">HISTORY</a> directive) as well as support for file and directory passwords built right into the kernel.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-Strutynski-Wharton_1983-9">[8]</a> It was also cheaper to license than MS-DOS, and was ROMable right from the start. The ROMed version of DR DOS was also named ROS (ROM Operating System).<a href="#cite_note-Infoword_1988-10">[9]</a> DRI was approached by a number of PC manufacturers who were interested in a third-party DOS, which prompted several updates to the system. At this time, MS-DOS was only available to OEMs bundled with hardware. Consequently, DR DOS achieved some immediate success when it became possible for consumers to buy it through normal <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail</a> channels beginning with version 3.4x. Known versions are DR DOS 3.31 (BDOS 6.0, June 1988, OEM only), 3.32 (BDOS 6.0, 17 August 1988, OEM only), 3.33 (BDOS 6.0, 1 September 1988, OEM only), 3.34 (BDOS 6.0, OEM only), 3.35 (BDOS 6.0, 21 October 1988, OEM only), 3.40 (BDOS 6.0, 25 January 1989), 3.41 (BDOS 6.3, June 1989, OEM and retail). Like MS-DOS, most of them were produced in several variants for different hardware. While most OEMs kept the DR DOS name designation, 2001 Sales, Inc. marketed it under the name EZ-DOS 3.41 (also known as EZ-DOS 4.1).<a href="#cite_note-2001Sales_1989-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2002_OS-12">[11]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Comparison of DOS operating systems">Comparison of DOS operating systems</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DR_DOS_5.0">DR DOS 5.0</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: DR DOS 5.0">edit</a>]</div> DR DOS version 5.0 (code-named "Leopard") was released in May 1990,<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a> still reporting itself as "PC DOS 3.31" for compatibility purposes, but internally indicating a single-user BDOS 6.4 kernel. (Version 4 was skipped to avoid being associated with the relatively unpopular <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_4.0" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 4.0">MS-DOS 4.0</a>.) This introduced <a href="/wiki/ViewMAX" title="ViewMAX">ViewMAX</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Environment_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics Environment Manager">GEM</a>-based <a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a> file management shell.<a href="#cite_note-CW_1990_DR5-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rosch_1991_DR5-14">[13]</a> ViewMAX's startup screen would present the slogan "Digital Research - We make computers work".<a href="#cite_note-Digital_Research_1990_We_Make_Computers_Work-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Elliott_2013_ViewMAX1-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Elliott_2013_ViewMAX2-17">[16]</a> DR DOS 5.0 also introduced the patented <a href="/wiki/BatteryMAX" title="BatteryMAX">BatteryMAX</a> power management system, bundled disk-caching software (DRCACHE), a remote file transfer tool (FILELINK), a cursor shape configuration utility (CURSOR), and offered a vastly improved memory management system (MemoryMAX).<a href="#cite_note-CW_1990_DR5-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rosch_1991_DR5-14">[13]</a> For compatibility purposes, the DR DOS 5.0 system files were now named <a href="/wiki/IBMBIO.COM" title="IBMBIO.COM">IBMBIO.COM</a> (for the DOS-BIOS) and <a href="/wiki/IBMDOS.COM" title="IBMDOS.COM">IBMDOS.COM</a> (for the BDOS kernel) and due to the advanced loader in the boot sector could be physically stored anywhere on disk.<a href="#cite_note-Rosch_1991_DR5-14">[13]</a> The OEM label in the boot sectors was changed to "IBM␠␠3.3". <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carry-i-front-and-rear.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Carry-i-front-and-rear.jpg/250px-Carry-i-front-and-rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Carry-i-front-and-rear.jpg/375px-Carry-i-front-and-rear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Carry-i-front-and-rear.jpg/500px-Carry-i-front-and-rear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>Front and rear views of the <a href="/wiki/Carry-I" title="Carry-I">Carry-I</a> book-sized diskless workstation, bundled with DR DOS 5.0, based on an <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">Intel 80286</a> processor and produced by Taiwan's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flytech_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flytech Technology (page does not exist)">Flytech Technology</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1991</figcaption></figure> DR DOS 5.0 was the first DOS to include load-high capabilities. The kernel and data structures such as disk buffers could be <a href="/wiki/Relocation_(computing)" title="Relocation (computing)">relocated</a> in the <a href="/wiki/High_Memory_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="High Memory Area">High Memory Area</a> (HMA), the first 64 KB of <a href="/wiki/Extended_memory" title="Extended memory">extended memory</a> which are accessible in <a href="/wiki/Real_mode" title="Real mode">real mode</a>. This freed up the equivalent amount of critical "base" or <a href="/wiki/Conventional_memory" title="Conventional memory">conventional memory</a>, the first 640 KB of the PC's RAM – the area in which all DOS applications run.<a href="#cite_note-Rosch_1991_DR5-14">[13]</a> Additionally, on <a href="/wiki/Intel_80386" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80386">Intel 80386</a> machines, DR DOS's EMS memory manager allowed the operating system to load DOS device drivers into upper memory blocks, further freeing base memory. DR DOS 5.0 was the first DOS to integrate such functionality into the base OS (loading device drivers into <a href="/wiki/Upper_memory_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper memory block">upper memory blocks</a> was already possible using third-party software like <a href="/wiki/QEMM" title="QEMM">QEMM</a>). This allowed it, on 286 systems with supported chipsets and on 386 systems, to provide significantly more free conventional memory than any other DOS. Once drivers for a mouse, multimedia hardware and a network stack were loaded, an MS-DOS/PC DOS machine typically might only have had 300 to 400 KB of free conventional memory – too little to run much late-1980s software. In contrast to this, DR DOS 5.0, with a little manual tweaking, could load all this and still keep all of its conventional memory free – allowing for some necessary DOS data structures, as much as 620 KB out of the 640 KB. With MEMMAX +V, the conventional memory region could even be extended into unused portions of the graphics adapter card typically providing another 64 to 96 KB more free DOS memory. Because DR DOS left so much conventional memory available, some old programs using certain address wrapping techniques failed to run properly as they were now loaded unexpectedly (or, under MS-DOS, "impossibly") low in memory – inside the first 64 KB segment (known as "<a href="/wiki/Low_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Low memory">low memory</a>"). Therefore, DR DOS 5.0's new MEMMAX -L command worked around this by pre-allocating a <a href="/wiki/Chunking_(computing)" title="Chunking (computing)">chunk</a> of memory at the start of the memory map in order for programs to load above this barrier (but with less usable conventional memory then). By default, MEMMAX was configured for +L, so that applications could take advantage of the extra memory. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DR_DOS_6.0_/_Competition_from_Microsoft">DR DOS 6.0 / Competition from Microsoft</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: DR DOS 6.0 / Competition from Microsoft">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DR-DOS_6.0_Digital_Research.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DR-DOS_6.0_Digital_Research.jpg/220px-DR-DOS_6.0_Digital_Research.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DR-DOS_6.0_Digital_Research.jpg/330px-DR-DOS_6.0_Digital_Research.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DR-DOS_6.0_Digital_Research.jpg/440px-DR-DOS_6.0_Digital_Research.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="2565" /></a><figcaption>Digital Research DR DOS 6.0 startup disk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ManualDRDOS60.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/ManualDRDOS60.jpg/220px-ManualDRDOS60.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/ManualDRDOS60.jpg/330px-ManualDRDOS60.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/ManualDRDOS60.jpg/440px-ManualDRDOS60.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Novell DR DOS 6.0 manual</figcaption></figure> Faced with substantial competition in the DOS arena, Microsoft responded with an announcement of a yet-to-be released MS-DOS 5.0 in May 1990.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a> This would be released in June 1991<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a> and include similar advanced features to those of DR DOS.<a href="#cite_note-Dryfoos_1991_DOS5-18">[17]</a> It included matches of the DR's enhancements in memory management.<a href="#cite_note-Dryfoos_1991_DOS5-18">[17]</a> Almost immediately in September 1991, Digital Research responded with DR DOS 6.0,<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a> code-named "Buxton". DR DOS 6.0, while already at BDOS level 6.7 internally, would still report itself as "IBM PC DOS 3.31" to normal DOS applications for compatibility purposes. This bundled in <a href="/wiki/SuperStor" class="mw-redirect" title="SuperStor">SuperStor</a> on-the-fly disk compression, to maximize available hard disk space, and file deletion tracking and undelete functionality by Roger A. Gross. DR DOS 6.0 also included a task-switcher named TASKMAX<a href="#cite_note-Salemi_1991_DR6-19">[18]</a> with support for the industry-standard task-switching API<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1997_Multi-20">[19]</a> to run multiple applications at the same time. In contrast to Digital Research's Multiuser DOS (successor of Concurrent DOS in the multi-user products line), which would run DOS applications in pre-emptively multitasked virtual DOS machines, the DR DOS 6.0 task switcher would freeze background applications until brought back into the foreground. While it ran on x86-machines, it was able to swap to XMS memory on 286+ machines.<a href="#cite_note-Salemi_1991_DR6-19">[18]</a> TASKMAX did support some <a href="/wiki/Copy_%26_Paste" class="mw-redirect" title="Copy & Paste">Copy & Paste</a> facility between applications.<a href="#cite_note-Salemi_1991_DR6-19">[18]</a> Via the task-switcher API, graphical user interfaces such as <a href="/wiki/ViewMAX" title="ViewMAX">ViewMAX</a><a href="#cite_note-Salemi_1991_DR6-19">[18]</a> or <a href="/wiki/PC/GEOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC/GEOS">PC/GEOS</a> could register as the task manager menu and thereby replace the TASKMAX text mode menu, so that users could switch between tasks from within a GUI. Microsoft responded with MS-DOS 6.0, which again matched some features of DR DOS 6.0. In December 1991, a pre-release version of <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1" title="Windows 3.1">Windows 3.1</a> was found to return a non-fatal error message if it detected a non-Microsoft DOS.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a> This check came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/AARD_code" title="AARD code">AARD code</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chappell_AARD-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Egbert_1998-22">[21]</a> It was a simple matter for Digital Research to patch DR DOS 6.0 to circumvent the AARD code 'authenticity check' in the Windows 3.1 beta by rearranging the order of two internal tables in memory (with no changes in functionality), and the patched version, named "business update", was on the streets within six weeks of the release of Windows 3.1.<a href="#cite_note-CW_1992-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1999_Statement_of_facts-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2000_History-26">[25]</a> With the detection code disabled, Windows ran perfectly under DR DOS and its successor Novell DOS. The code was present but disabled in the released version of Windows 3.1.<a href="#cite_note-DDJ-27">[26]</a> In July 1992, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research Japan">Digital Research Japan</a> released DR DOS 6.0/V, a Japanese <a href="/wiki/DOS/V" title="DOS/V">DOS/V</a> compatible version of DR DOS 6.0.<a href="#cite_note-Timeline_2014_DOSV-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-DRDOS60V_ViewMAX-29">[28]</a> A Korean version appears to have been available as well. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PalmDOS">PalmDOS</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: PalmDOS">edit</a>]</div> In 1992 Digital Research, still under its old name but already bought by Novell in July 1991,<a href="#cite_note-BW_1991-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Scott_1991_Merger-31">[30]</a> also embarked on a spin-off product code-named "Merlin" and later released as NetWare PalmDOS 1, which, as its name implies, was a very resource-light DR DOS 6.0 derivative aimed at the emerging <a href="/wiki/Palmtop" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmtop">Palmtop</a>/<a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDA</a> market.<a href="#cite_note-CW_1992_PalmDOS-32">[31]</a> PalmDOS was the first operating system in the family to support the new BDOS 7.0 kernel with native DOS compatible internal data structures instead of emulations thereof. Replacing the DOS emulation on top of a CP/M kernel by a true DOS compatible kernel helped a lot in improving compatibility with some applications using some of DOS' internal data structures and also was the key in reducing the resident size of the kernel code even further—a particular requirement for the PDA market. On the other hand, introducing a genuine <a href="/wiki/Current_Directory_Structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Current Directory Structure">Current Directory Structure</a> (<a href="/wiki/CDS_(DOS_technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="CDS (DOS technology)">CDS</a>) imposed a limit on the depth of <a href="/wiki/Working_directory" title="Working directory">working directories</a> down to 66 characters (as in MS-DOS/PC DOS), whereas previous issues of DR DOS had no such limitation due to their internal organization of directories as relative links to parent directories instead of as absolute paths.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOS7UN-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-4DOS_8.00_HELP-35">[34]</a> PalmDOS still reported itself as "PC DOS 3.31" to applications in order to keep the kernel small and not run into compatibility problems with Windows, which would expect the <a href="/w/index.php?title=DOSMGR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DOSMGR (page does not exist)">DOSMGR</a> API to be implemented for any DOS version since 5.0. As well as a ROM-executing kernel, PalmDOS had palmtop-type support for features such as <a href="/wiki/PCMCIA" title="PCMCIA">PCMCIA</a> <a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Cards</a> (with <a href="/wiki/DOS_Protected_Mode_Services" title="DOS Protected Mode Services">DPMS</a> support), power management (<a href="/wiki/BatteryMAX" title="BatteryMAX">BatteryMAX</a> and the <a href="/wiki/$IDLE$" class="mw-redirect" title="$IDLE$">$IDLE$</a> device driver with its patented dynamic idle detection<a href="#cite_note-Dynamic_Idle_Detection-36">[35]</a> by Gross and John P. Constant), <a href="/wiki/MINIMAX" class="mw-redirect" title="MINIMAX">MINIMAX</a> task switcher support for <a href="/w/index.php?title=PIM_(DOS_technology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PIM (DOS technology) (page does not exist)">PIM</a> (Personal Information Modules) applications stored and executed from ROM via <a href="/wiki/XIP" class="mw-redirect" title="XIP">XIP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Execute-In-Place" class="mw-redirect" title="Execute-In-Place">Execute-In-Place</a>), etc. The PCMCIA stack for PalmDOS was partially written by <a href="/wiki/Ian_H._S._Cullimore" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian H. S. Cullimore">Ian H. S. Cullimore</a>, the original instigator of the PCMCIA/PC Card movement. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novell_DOS_7_/_Contribution_by_Novell">Novell DOS 7 / Contribution by Novell</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Novell DOS 7 / Contribution by Novell">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novell_DOS_7_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A screenshot of Novell DOS 7" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dd/Novell_DOS_7_screenshot.png/220px-Novell_DOS_7_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dd/Novell_DOS_7_screenshot.png/330px-Novell_DOS_7_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dd/Novell_DOS_7_screenshot.png/440px-Novell_DOS_7_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A typical command line in Novell DOS 7</figcaption></figure> Novell DOS was <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> Corporation's name for DR DOS during the period when Novell sold DR DOS, after the acquisition of Digital Research in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-sdtimes_novell_v_microsoft-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-pcmag_novell_dos-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Scott_1991_Merger-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-BW_1991-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Allchin_1992-39">[38]</a> Regarding features and performance, it was typically at least one release ahead of MS-DOS.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_rivals_boost-40">[39]</a> In 1993, <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS_6.1" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS 6.1">PC DOS 6.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_6.2" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 6.2">MS-DOS 6.2</a> and <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS_6.3" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS 6.3">PC DOS 6.3</a> were trumped by Novell's DOS 7.<a href="#cite_note-extremetech_msdos_30-41">[40]</a> Novell CEO <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Frankenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert J. Frankenberg">Robert J. Frankenberg</a>'s strategy included "major trimming", selling off products like transactional database <a href="/wiki/Btrieve" title="Btrieve">Btrieve</a> and killing others such as Novell DOS and <a href="/wiki/WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">WordPerfect</a>'s multimedia Main Street children's titles.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_readies_response-42">[41]</a> Novell licensed technology from <a href="/wiki/Stac_Electronics" title="Stac Electronics">Stac Electronics</a> for use in Novell DOS and its <a href="/wiki/Network_operating_system" title="Network operating system">network operating system</a> <a href="/wiki/NetWare" title="NetWare">NetWare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_big_losers-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sheesley_2008-44">[43]</a> Novell sold the product line off to <a href="/wiki/Caldera_(company)" title="Caldera (company)">Caldera</a> on 23 July 1996, after it approached Novell looking for a DOS operating system to bundle with its <a href="/wiki/OpenLinux" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenLinux">OpenLinux</a> distribution.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Perkel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Perkel (page does not exist)">Marc Perkel</a> claimed to have had inspired Novell in February 1991 to buy Digital Research and develop something he envisioned as "NovOS".<a href="#cite_note-Perkel_1991_NovOS-45">[44]</a> Novell had actually bought Digital Research in July 1991 with a view to using DR's product line as a lever in their comprehensive strategy to break the Microsoft monopoly. (This was part of a massive and ultimately disastrous spending spree for Novell: they bought <a href="/wiki/WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">WordPerfect</a> Corporation at about the same time, some of <a href="/wiki/Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a>'s products, and invested heavily in <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> as well.) The planned "DR DOS 7.0", internally named "Panther", intended to trump Microsoft's troubled MS-DOS 6.0, was repeatedly delayed, while Novell was working on an optionally loadable Unix-like multi-user security extension (with, if loaded, file commands like <a href="/wiki/BACKUP_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="BACKUP (DOS command)">BACKUP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DELPURGE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DELPURGE (page does not exist)">DELPURGE</a>, <a href="/wiki/MOVE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOVE (DOS command)">MOVE</a>, <a href="/wiki/TOUCH_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="TOUCH (DOS command)">TOUCH</a>, <a href="/wiki/TREE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="TREE (DOS command)">TREE</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNDELETE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDELETE (DOS command)">UNDELETE</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=XATTRIB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XATTRIB (page does not exist)">XATTRIB</a>, <a href="/wiki/XCOPY_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="XCOPY (DOS command)">XCOPY</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=XDEL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XDEL (page does not exist)">XDEL</a> and <a href="/wiki/XDIR" class="mw-redirect" title="XDIR">XDIR</a> supporting an otherwise disabled /U:name command line option to select specific users or groups,<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-34">[33]</a> compatible with Multiuser DOS) and two new graphical user interfaces (<a href="/wiki/ViewMAX_3" class="mw-redirect" title="ViewMAX 3">ViewMAX 3</a>, a derivative of GEM, and "<a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_project" title="Star Trek project">Star Trek</a>", a true port of Apple's <a href="/wiki/System_7" title="System 7">System 7.1</a> to run under the new DR DOS multitasker named "Vladivar"). When DR DOS eventually arrived in December 1993 (with localized versions released in March 1994), renamed Novell DOS 7 (a.k.a. "NWDOS"), and without these three components, it was a disappointment to some. It was larger and lacked some finishing touches,<a href="#cite_note-Goodman_1994-46">[45]</a> but was nevertheless seen as best DOS by many industry experts.<a href="#cite_note-Schneider_1994-47">[46]</a> In Germany, Novell DOS 7 was aggressively marketed with the slogan "Trau keinem DOS unter 7" (Don't trust any DOS below 7) in the press and with free demo floppies in computer magazines.<a href="#cite_note-ASW_1994_Novell_DOS_7-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hill_1994_Interview-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_1994-47">[46]</a> The campaign aimed at 20% of the DOS market and resulted in about 1.5 million copies sold until February 1994 and more than 3000 dealers interested to carry the product.<a href="#cite_note-ASW_1994_Novell_DOS_7-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hill_1994_Interview-49">[48]</a> Novell DOS 7 was available through various OEMs, a dedicated mail order shop and authorized dealers.<a href="#cite_note-ASW_1994_Novell_DOS_7-48">[47]</a> A major functional addition was Novell's second attempt at a peer-to-peer networking system, <a href="/wiki/Personal_NetWare" title="Personal NetWare">Personal NetWare</a> (PNW).<a href="#cite_note-NB_Remote-copy-50">[nb 2]</a> This was better than its predecessor, <a href="/wiki/NetWare_Lite" class="mw-redirect" title="NetWare Lite">NetWare Lite</a> (NWL), but it was incompatible with Microsoft's networking system, now growing popular with support in <a href="/wiki/Windows_for_Workgroups" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows for Workgroups">Windows for Workgroups</a>, <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>. A considerable amount of manual configuration was needed to get both to co-exist on the same PC, and Personal NetWare never achieved much success. Since Novell DOS 7 implemented the DOSMGR API and internal data structures had been updated, its BDOS 7.2 kernel could report with a DOS version of 6.0 and OEM ID "IBM" without risking compatibility problems with Windows. Most tools would report this as "PC DOS 6.1", because IBM PC DOS 6.1 also reported as DOS 6.0 to applications. Novell DOS 7 introduced much advanced memory management including new support for DPMI (<a href="/wiki/DOS_Protected_Mode_Interface" title="DOS Protected Mode Interface">DOS Protected Mode Interface</a>) and DPMS (<a href="/wiki/DOS_Protected_Mode_Services" title="DOS Protected Mode Services">DOS Protected Mode Services</a>) as well as more flexible loadhigh options.<a href="#cite_note-Schneider_1994-47">[46]</a> It also introduced support for "true" pre-emptive multitasking<a href="#cite_note-Schneider_1994-47">[46]</a> of multiple DOS applications in <a href="/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">virtual DOS machines</a> (VDM), a component originally named MultiMAX. This was similar to Multiuser DOS, but now on the basis of a natively DOS compatible environment, similar to Windows 386 Enhanced Mode, but without a GUI. By default, the bundled TASKMGR would behave similar to the former DR DOS 6.0 TASKMAX. However, if <a href="/wiki/EMM386" title="EMM386">EMM386</a> was loaded with the option /MULTI, EMM386 would load a natively 32-bit 386 Protected Mode operating system core providing API support for pre-emptive multitasking, multi-threading, hardware virtualization and domain management of virtual DOS machines. This API could be used by DR DOS-aware applications. If TASKMGR was run later on, it would use this API to instance the current 16-bit DOS system environment, create virtual DOS machines and run applications in them instead of using its own Real Mode task-switcher support. The multitasker was compatible with Windows, so that tasks started before launching Windows could be seen as tasks under Windows as well. Novell DOS 7 and Personal NetWare 1.0 also shipped with <a href="/wiki/NetWars" title="NetWars">NetWars</a>, a network-enabled 3D <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade game</a>. Novell DOS 7 and Personal NetWare required several bug-fix releases (D70xyy with x=language, yy=number) and were not completely stable when the next development occurred. With beta versions of Microsoft's "<a href="/wiki/Chicago_(Microsoft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago (Microsoft)">Chicago</a>" (what would later become Windows 95) in sight, Novell wound down further development on Novell DOS 7 in September 1994<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a> and stopped maintenance in January 1996 after more than 15 updates. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_Novell">After Novell</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: After Novell">edit</a>]</div> When Caldera approached Novell looking for a DOS operating system to bundle with their <a href="/wiki/OpenLinux" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenLinux">OpenLinux</a> distribution,<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_OpenSource-51">[49]</a> Novell sold the product line off to Caldera on 23 July 1996,<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a> by which time it was of little commercial value to them. Between the Caldera-owned DR-DOS and competition from IBM's PC DOS 6.3, Microsoft moved to make it impossible to use or buy the subsequent Windows version, <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, with any DOS product other than their own. Claimed by them to be a purely technical change, this was later to be the subject of a major <a href="/wiki/Caldera_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera v. Microsoft">lawsuit</a> brought in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> by Caldera with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Canopy_Group" title="Canopy Group">Canopy Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Caldera_Fullstory_Tech-52">[50]</a> Microsoft lawyers tried repeatedly to have the case dismissed but without success. Immediately after the completion of the pre-trial deposition stage (where the parties list the evidence they intend to present), there was an out-of-court settlement on 7 January 2000 for an undisclosed sum.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_CalderaMicrosoft-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gomes_2000_Settlement-54">[52]</a> This was revealed in November 2009 to be $280 million.<a href="#cite_note-Groklaw_2009_NovellWP-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Microsoft_2009_Memorandum-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Caldera_Microsoft_2000_Settlement-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gomes_2000_Settlement-54">[52]</a> In August 1996, the US-based Caldera, Inc. was approached by Roger A. Gross, one of the original DR-DOS engineers, with a proposal to restart DR-DOS development and to make Windows 95 run on DR-DOS which would help the court case. Following a meeting in September 1996 in <a href="/wiki/Lindon,_Utah" title="Lindon, Utah">Lindon</a>, Utah, USA, between Gross, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ransom_Love&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ransom Love (page does not exist)">Ransom H. Love</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Wayne_Sparks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryan Wayne Sparks">Bryan Wayne Sparks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_John_Noorda" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond John Noorda">Raymond John Noorda</a>, Gross was hired and tasked to set up a new subsidiary in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-NB_Office-Locations-7">[nb 1]</a> On 10 September 1996, Caldera announced the coming release of OpenDOS (COD) and their intent to also release the source code to the system,<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_OpenSource-51">[49]</a> and Caldera UK Ltd. was incorporated on 20 September 1996.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_UK-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-NB_Office-Locations-7">[nb 1]</a> Gross hired some of the original developers of the operating system from the Novell EDC as well as some new talents to continue work on the operating system in a converted barn at the periphery of <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Hampshire" title="Andover, Hampshire">Andover</a>, Hampshire, UK,<a href="#cite_note-NB_Office-Locations-7">[nb 1]</a> nearby the former Digital Research and Novell EDC.<a href="#cite_note-NB_Office-Locations-7">[nb 1]</a> Besides other improvements and enhancements all over the system, a string of new key features were added subsequently over the course of the next two years, including a <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a> stack (derived from <a href="/wiki/LAN_WorkPlace_for_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="LAN WorkPlace for DOS">LAN WorkPlace for DOS</a> / <a href="/wiki/NetWare_Mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="NetWare Mobile">NetWare Mobile</a>), a graphical 32-bit DOS Protected Mode <a href="/wiki/HTML_3.2" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML 3.2">HTML 3.2</a> web-browser <a href="/wiki/DR-WebSpyder" title="DR-WebSpyder">DR-WebSpyder</a> (originally based on source code from the <a href="/wiki/Arachne_(web_browser)" title="Arachne (web browser)">Arachne</a> web browser by <a href="/wiki/Michal_Pol%C3%A1k_(programmer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michal Polák (programmer)">Michal Polák</a>) with LAN and modem dialup, a <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> <a href="/wiki/Pthreads" title="Pthreads">Pthreads</a> extension to the multi-tasker by Andy T. Wightman, <a href="/wiki/Long_filename" title="Long filename">long filename</a> (LONGNAME) support by Edward N. Hill Jr., as well as <a href="/wiki/Logical_block_addressing" title="Logical block addressing">LBA</a> and <a href="/wiki/FAT32" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT32">FAT32</a> support (DRFAT32) by Matthias R. Paul. Gross also hired Andrew Schulman (who had been, with Geoff Chappell, instrumental in identifying the AARD code in 1992) to work as a consultant and, in Andover, assist Paul in his work on "WinGlue", a secret project to create a version of DR-DOS compatible with Windows 95, <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">98</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_98_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 98 SE">98 SE</a> and replace its MS-DOS 7.xx component.<a href="#cite_note-Cebit_1998_Winglue-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lea_1998_Satellite-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schulman_2000_Dossier-61">[59]</a> This was demonstrated at <a href="/wiki/CeBIT" title="CeBIT">CeBIT</a> in March 1998,<a href="#cite_note-Cebit_1998_Winglue-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lea_1998_Satellite-60">[58]</a> and later, in a small team, developed into "WinBolt", both versions of DR-DOS, which remained unreleased as of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit">[update]</a>, but played an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Caldera_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera v. Microsoft">court case</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_Fullstory_Tech-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Romano_1998_Winbolt-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schulman_2000_Dossier-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schulman_2000_Undoc-63">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2002_W4-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2002_RMD-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2002_HMA7-66">[64]</a> Caldera UK officially released Caldera OpenDOS 7.01 on 3 February 1997, but this version was just Novell DOS 7 update 10 (as of December 1994) compiled only with the necessary adaptations to incorporate the new name in display messages as well as in <a href="/wiki/Environment_variable" title="Environment variable">environment variables</a> and file names. It was missing a year's worth of patches which had been developed for the Novell DOS updates 11 (January 1995) to 15.2 (January 1996).<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-34">[33]</a> This was due to parts of the Novell DOS sources having been lost at Novell meanwhile.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a> Consequently, this version still reported an internal BDOS version of 7.2, identical to Novell DOS 7. The new suite also lacked the <a href="/w/index.php?title=SETFIFO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SETFIFO (page does not exist)">SETFIFO</a> command, which had been added with one of the Novell DOS updates, as well as <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Generation_Systems" title="Fifth Generation Systems">Fifth Generation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Search%26Destroy" class="mw-redirect" title="Search&Destroy">Search&Destroy</a> virus scanner and <a href="/wiki/FastBack_Plus_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="FastBack Plus 2.0">FastBack Plus 2.0</a> utility, which previously came bundled with Novell DOS. Instead it came bundled with a newer version of <a href="/wiki/PNUNPACK" class="mw-redirect" title="PNUNPACK">PNUNPACK</a> and brought a much advanced version of <a href="/wiki/Advanced_NetWars" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced NetWars">NetWars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-34">[33]</a> Parts of OpenDOS 7.01 were released as <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a><a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1996_OpenSource-51">[49]</a> in form of the M.R.S. kit (for Machine Readable Sources) in May 1997, but with <a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">license</a> terms mostly incompatible with existing <a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">open-source licenses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1997_DOSSRC-68">[66]</a> The source was then <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">closed</a> again as Gross felt this would undermine the commercial aspirations of the system. After beta releases in September and November 1997, the next official release came in December 1997, with the name changed to Caldera DR-OpenDOS 7.02, soon followed by a further release in March 1998, when the DR-DOS name returned as Caldera DR-DOS 7.02,<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1998_Doctor-69">[67]</a> now for the first time written with a hyphen. Version 7.02 (now reporting itself as BDOS 7.3) incorporated improved BIOS and BDOS issues, developed by Paul,<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brown_RBIL-70">[68]</a> adding many new boot and configuration options, integrating many compatibility enhancements, bug-fixes and optimizations for size and speed, and re-implementing all fixes of the missing Novell DOS updates.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brown_RBIL-70">[68]</a> The BIOS improved the coexistence of DR-DOS with <a href="/wiki/Windows_9x" title="Windows 9x">Windows 9x</a> and its support for third-party disk compression drivers such as Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/DriveSpace" title="DriveSpace">DriveSpace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2004_YESCHAR-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2004_COMMAND-72">[70]</a> It introduced a diagnostics mode (activated by <a href="/wiki/Scroll_Lock" title="Scroll Lock">Scroll Lock</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2004_YESCHAR-71">[69]</a> integrated debugger support (with <a href="/wiki/DEBUG_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="DEBUG (CONFIG.SYS directive)">DEBUG=ON</a> and a debugger loaded before or from within CONFIG.SYS)<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a> and more flexible CONFIG.SYS tracing capabilities via the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F5</kbd>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F6</kbd>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F7</kbd>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F8</kbd> hotkeys and the <a href="/wiki/TRACE_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="TRACE (CONFIG.SYS directive)">TRACE</a> and <a href="/wiki/TIMEOUT_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="TIMEOUT (CONFIG.SYS directive)">TIMEOUT</a> commands,<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2000_CONFIG-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2004_YESCHAR-71">[69]</a> thereby also improving the integration of alternative command line shells such as <a href="/wiki/4DOS" title="4DOS">4DOS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2004_YESCHAR-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-4DOS_8.00_HELP-35">[34]</a> Together with LOADER, SYS /DR:ext and the <a href="/wiki/CHAIN_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHAIN (CONFIG.SYS directive)">CHAIN</a> directive, it brought enhanced multi-configuration support for <a href="/wiki/DCONFIG.SYS" class="mw-redirect" title="DCONFIG.SYS">DR/D/CONFIG.ext</a> files<a href="#cite_note-Paul_2004_YESCHAR-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2004_CHAIN-74">[72]</a> and came with enhancements to the BASIC-like CONFIG.SYS language for more powerful boot menus, convenient user interaction<a href="#cite_note-Paul_2004_YESCHAR-71">[69]</a> and programmatical acting upon conditions (<a href="/wiki/CPU386_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU386 (CONFIG.SYS directive)">CPU386</a>), return codes and error levels (<a href="/wiki/ERROR_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="ERROR (CONFIG.SYS directive)">ERROR</a>, <a href="/wiki/ONERROR_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="ONERROR (CONFIG.SYS directive)">ONERROR</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a> It also allowed to change the <a href="/wiki/SCROLLOCK_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="SCROLLOCK (CONFIG.SYS directive)">SCROLLOCK</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAPSLOCK_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="CAPSLOCK (CONFIG.SYS directive)">CAPSLOCK</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSERT_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="INSERT (CONFIG.SYS directive)">INSERT</a> and <a href="/wiki/VERIFY_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="VERIFY (CONFIG.SYS directive)">VERIFY</a> settings as well as the <a href="/wiki/SWITCHAR_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="SWITCHAR (CONFIG.SYS directive)">SWITCHAR</a>, <a href="/wiki/YESCHAR_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="YESCHAR (CONFIG.SYS directive)">YESCHAR</a>, <a href="/wiki/NOCHAR_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="NOCHAR (CONFIG.SYS directive)">NOCHAR</a> and <a href="/wiki/RESUMECHAR_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="RESUMECHAR (CONFIG.SYS directive)">RESUMECHAR</a> characters.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2004_YESCHAR-71">[69]</a> Various behavioural details could be controlled with new parameters /Q (Quiet), /L (Lowercase), /Y (Yes) and /S (Switch) for <a href="/wiki/SWITCHES_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="SWITCHES (CONFIG.SYS directive)">SWITCHES</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a> Further, it provided optional support for a LPT4: device and allowed to configure the built-in <a href="/wiki/COM1_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="COM1 (CONFIG.SYS directive)">COMx:</a> and <a href="/wiki/LPT1_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="LPT1 (CONFIG.SYS directive)">LPTx:</a> devices as well as to change the <a href="/wiki/PRN_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRN (CONFIG.SYS directive)">PRN:</a> and <a href="/wiki/AUX_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="AUX (CONFIG.SYS directive)">AUX:</a> defaults.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a> The handling of environment variables in CONFIG.SYS was improved and new load-high facilities included such as the <a href="/wiki/HIFILES_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="HIFILES (CONFIG.SYS directive)">HIFILES</a>/<a href="/wiki/FILESHIGH_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="FILESHIGH (CONFIG.SYS directive)">FILESHIGH</a> and <a href="/wiki/HIFCBS_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="HIFCBS (CONFIG.SYS directive)">HIFCBS</a>/<a href="/wiki/FCBSHIGH_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="FCBSHIGH (CONFIG.SYS directive)">FCBSHIGH</a> options to relocate file handles and FCB structures into UMBs, which typically gave between 1 and 4 KB (and up to 15 KB) more free conventional memory compared to previous versions, or the <a href="/wiki/HISHELL_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="HISHELL (CONFIG.SYS directive)">HISHELL</a>/<a href="/wiki/SHELLHIGH_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="SHELLHIGH (CONFIG.SYS directive)">SHELLHIGH</a> SIZE directive to control the pre-allocation of HMA memory for <a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a>, which helped to avoid memory fragmentation and thereby typically gave between 5 and 8 KB more continuous HMA memory for HMA-capable third-party drivers to work with in conjunction with third-party command line shells, which could not load into the HMA as COMMAND.COM with its /MH option.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2000_CONFIG-73">[71]</a> At a reduced <a href="/wiki/Memory_footprint" title="Memory footprint">memory footprint</a> version 7.02 also brought an enhanced <a href="/wiki/National_Language_Support" class="mw-redirect" title="National Language Support">NLS</a> 4.xx sub-system by Paul to allow multiple, distributed and possibly user-configured COUNTRY.SYS files to be used by the system at the same time in a hierarchical model.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2000_Enhancements-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2000_CONFIG-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2001_COUNTRY-76">[74]</a> This also gave dynamic parser support for MS-DOS/PC DOS COUNTRY.SYS file formats in addition to DR-DOS' own COUNTRY.SYS formats,<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2000_Enhancements-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2000_CONFIG-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2001_COUNTRY-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2001_CPI-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2001_CODEPAGE-78">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1998_NEW703-79">[77]</a> and it introduced support for the <a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a> international date format<a href="#cite_note-Paul_2001_COUNTRY-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2000_CONFIG-73">[71]</a> (including automatic detection) and the then-new <a href="/wiki/Euro_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro currency">Euro currency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_2001_COUNTRY-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2000_CONFIG-73">[71]</a> Some DR-DOS files such as IBMBIO.COM, IBMDOS.COM and COUNTRY.SYS carried misleading file extensions for compatibility reasons; with DR-DOS 7.02 they were enhanced to incorporate a <a href="/wiki/Fat_binary" title="Fat binary">fat binary</a>-style safety feature devised by Paul so that they would <a href="/wiki/Exit_gracefully" class="mw-redirect" title="Exit gracefully">exit gracefully</a> when called inappropriately.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1998_NEW703-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2001_COUNTRY-76">[74]</a> DR-DOS 7.02 was fully <a href="/wiki/Year_2000_problem" title="Year 2000 problem">Year 2000</a> compliant and provided special support to work with buggy system BIOSes. It also came with an updated <a href="/wiki/FDISK" class="mw-redirect" title="FDISK">FDISK</a>, which could partition and format FAT32 volumes (but not yet work with LBA). The sources of the Novell patches for the external tools and drivers had meanwhile been found in Germany and could thus be retro-fitted into the system as well, so that DR-DOS 7.02 finally not only caught up with Novell DOS 7, but was a true step forward. The release was followed by various updates in June, August and September 1998. The updated internal BDOS version number introduced a new problem: some legacy third-party applications with special support for Novell DOS, which were no longer being updated, stopped working. <a href="/wiki/SETVER" class="mw-redirect" title="SETVER">SETVER</a> already allowed Novell DOS to disguise itself as DOS versions by file name and globally and, specifying a magic sub-version of 255, it would even disable its own internal BDOS version check in order to cope with programs specifically probing for "DR-DOS".<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-34">[33]</a> The modified kernel and SETVER driver by Paul would, in an hierarchical model, also support load paths in order to distinguish between multiple executables of the same file name, and it introduced an extended mode, in which SETVER could not only fake DOS versions, but also BDOS kernel versions.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1998_NEW703-79">[77]</a> Sub-versions of 128 to 255 would be reported as DOS sub-versions 0 to 127 to applications, but with the BDOS version check disabled, while sub-versions 100 to 127 could be used to fake different BDOS versions,<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1998_NEW703-79">[77]</a> whereas the DOS revision number (typically set to 0 in a static, pre-boot patchable data structure) would be taken as the reported sub-version instead, so that SETVER /G /X 6.114 would allow versions of DR-DOS since 7.02 to still report themselves as a "DOS 6.0" and with a faked BDOS version 7.2 (114 decimal = 72 hexadecimal), thereby masquerading as Novell DOS 7 / OpenDOS 7.01.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1998_NEW703-79">[77]</a> While otherwise beneficial, the new HIFILES triggered a compatibility problem in the DOS-UP feature of the third-party memory manager QEMM 8, which was hard-wired to expect a <a href="/wiki/Chunking_(computing)" title="Chunking (computing)">chunk</a> of five handle structures in conventional memory under DR-DOS (as with previous versions up to 7.01), whereas version 7.02 by design left eight handles in low memory when loading high files in order to maintain full compatibility with older versions of Windows 3.xx.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_2000_CONFIG-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS-24">[23]</a> Compatibility with Windows for Workgroups 3.11 had not been affected by this. A maintenance fix was devised to patch a single byte in IBMBIO.COM in order to switch the behaviour and optionally re-invoke the old chunking. This freed some 150 bytes of conventional memory and enabled full compatibility with DOS-UP, but at the same time broke compatibility with older versions of Windows 3.xx when using the HIFILES feature, and vice versa. The patch named IBMBIO85.SCR continued to work with newer versions of DR-DOS.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2001_IBMBIO85-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2001_IBMBIO85_106-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2003_IBMBIO85_108-82">[80]</a> In August 1998<a href="#cite_note-Jones_2004-83">[81]</a> the US-based Caldera, Inc. created two new subsidiaries, <a href="/wiki/Caldera_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera Systems">Caldera Systems</a>, Inc. for the <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> business, and <a href="/wiki/Caldera_Thin_Clients" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera Thin Clients">Caldera Thin Clients</a>, Inc. for the embedded and thin-client market.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1998_Subsidiaries-84">[82]</a> Another version, DR-DOS 7.03 (still with BDOS 7.3 and reporting itself to applications as "PC DOS 6.0" for compatibility purposes), was pre-released at Christmas 1998 and then officially released on 6 January 1999 by Caldera UK. It came with significantly improved memory managers (in particular enhanced DPMI support in conjunction with the multitasker) and other enhancements, such as added DEVLOAD and DRMOUSE utilities, but a changed <a href="/wiki/FAT_OEM_label" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT OEM label">OEM label</a> in the boot sector of volumes formatted under DR-DOS could also cause problems under other operating systems (which can be circumvented by NOVOLTRK).<a href="#cite_note-Paul_2002_OEM-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2004_OEM-86">[84]</a> DR-DOS 7.03 would become the last version of DR-DOS also tailored for desktop use. Caldera, Inc. wanted to relocate the DR-DOS business into the US and closed the highly successful UK operation<a href="#cite_note-Richardson_1999_Ball-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Collins_2000-88">[86]</a> in February 1999<a href="#cite_note-Lea_1999_UK-89">[87]</a> after Gross resigned and set up iCentrix to develop the <a href="/wiki/MarioNet_split_web_browser" title="MarioNet split web browser">MarioNet split web browser</a>. Development was then moved into the US (which never worked out due to a total lack of expertise in this field at Caldera US),<a href="#cite_note-Lea_1999_UK-89">[87]</a> and the DR-DOS line fell to its branch company, Caldera Thin Clients, which was renamed <a href="/wiki/Lineo" title="Lineo">Lineo</a>, Inc. on 20 July 1999.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1999_Lineo-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Richardson_1999_Ball-87">[85]</a> DR-WebSpyder was renamed <a href="/wiki/Embrowser" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrowser">Embrowser</a> and was said to be ported to Linux.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1999_Lineo-90">[88]</a> Lineo re-released DR-DOS 7.03 in June and September 1999, still branded as "Caldera DR-DOS"<a href="#cite_note-History-91">[89]</a> and without any changes, but otherwise focussed on Linux for embedded systems, based on a stripped-down version of OpenLinux named <a href="/wiki/Embedix" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedix">Embedix</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1999_Lineo-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Richardson_1999_Ball-87">[85]</a> Among the latest and independently developed versions of DR-DOS were OEM DR-DOS 7.04 (as of 19 August 1999)<a href="#cite_note-Paul_2001_IBMBIO85_106-81">[79]</a> and 7.05 (as of 30 November 1999), still branded as "Caldera DR-DOS".<a href="#cite_note-Moriy_autoexec-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-moriy_config-93">[91]</a> These were variants of the system consisting only of the kernel and command shell. With a specialized native implementation of FAT32 and large hard disk support they could be found bundled with <a href="/wiki/Ontrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontrack">Ontrack</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Easy_Recovery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Easy Recovery (page does not exist)">Easy Recovery</a> 5 in 2000, replacing the dynamically loadable DRFAT32 redirector driver, which still came with Easy Recovery 4.<a href="#cite_note-ct_2000-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-OnTrack_1999_ER-95">[93]</a> They were also used for <a href="/wiki/Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate Technology</a>'s <a href="/wiki/SeaTools" title="SeaTools">SeaTools</a><a href="#cite_note-reimagery-96">[94]</a> and the CD imaging software <a href="/wiki/Nero_Burning_ROM" title="Nero Burning ROM">Nero Burning ROM</a>. While still reporting a BDOS 7.3 internally, these were the first versions to report themselves as "PC DOS 7.10" to applications in order to indicate integrated FAT32 support. Designed to be mostly backwards-compatible, the DR-DOS 7.04/7.05 IBMBIO.COM could be combined with the DR-DOS 7.03 IBMDOS.COM in order to give the desktop-approved DR-DOS 7.03 kernel LBA capabilities and work with drives larger than 8 GB. For specific OEM requirements, DR-DOS 7.06 (as of 14 December 1999)<a href="#cite_note-Paul_2003_IBMBIO85_108-82">[80]</a> by Wightman combined the kernel files into a single binary executable, so that, similar to <a href="/wiki/IO.SYS" title="IO.SYS">IO.SYS</a> of <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a>, it could be booted by MS-DOS 7.10 <a href="/wiki/Boot_sector" title="Boot sector">boot sectors</a> (but no longer by DR-DOS boot sectors). DR-DOS 7.07 (with BDOS 7.4/7.7) by Paul introduced new <a href="/wiki/Booting" title="Booting">bootstrap</a> loaders and updated disk tools in order to combine support for <a href="/wiki/Cylinder-head-sector" title="Cylinder-head-sector">CHS</a> and LBA disk access, the <a href="/wiki/FAT12" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT12">FAT12</a>, <a href="/wiki/FAT16" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16">FAT16</a> and FAT32 file systems, and the differing bootstrapping conventions of DR-DOS, PC DOS, MS-DOS, Windows, <a href="/wiki/REAL/32" class="mw-redirect" title="REAL/32">REAL/32</a> and LOADER into a single <a href="/wiki/NEWLDR" class="mw-redirect" title="NEWLDR">NEWLDR</a> <a href="/wiki/Master_Boot_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Boot Record">MBR</a> and boot sector, so that the code would continue to load any version of DR-DOS down to 3.31 (and since DR-DOS 7.04 also with FAT32 support), but could also be used to launch the PC DOS or MS-DOS system files, including those of Windows 9x and PC DOS 7.10. At the same time the kernel could not only be booted by the new sectors, but also by any previously DR-DOS formatted disks, as well as off disks with existing PC DOS or MS-DOS boot sectors and a variety of other boot-loaders, thereby easing the coexistence and setup of <a href="/wiki/Multi-boot" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-boot">multi-boot</a> scenarios in conjunction with other operating systems. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_versions">Later versions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later versions">edit</a>]</div> In 2002, Lineo was bought out, and some of Lineo's former managers purchased the name and formed a new company, DRDOS, Inc. dba <a href="/wiki/DeviceLogics" title="DeviceLogics">DeviceLogics</a> L.L.C. They have continued to sell DR-DOS for use in embedded systems. DR-DOS 8.0 was released on 30 March 2004 featuring FAT32 and large disk support, the ability to boot from ROM or Flash, multitasking and a DPMI memory manager. This version was based on the kernel from version 7.03.<a href="#cite_note-freedos-97">[95]</a> The company later released DR-DOS 8.1 (with better FAT32 support) in autumn 2005. This version was instead based on OpenDOS 7.01.xx. DR-DOS 8.1 was withdrawn for GPL violations (see <a href="#Controversies">Controversies</a>). Aside from selling copies of the operating system, the DRDOS, Inc. website lists a buyout option for DR-DOS; the asking price is US$25000.<a href="#cite_note-Buyout-98">[96]</a> The OpenDOS 7.01 source code was a base for The DR-DOS/OpenDOS Enhancement Project, set up in July 2002 in an attempt to bring the functionality of DR-DOS up to parity with modern PC non-Windows operating systems. The project's added native support for large disks (<a href="/wiki/Logical_block_addressing" title="Logical block addressing">LBA</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/FAT32" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT32">FAT32</a> file system, and several other enhancements, including improved memory management and support for the new <a href="/wiki/FAT32%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT32+">FAT32+</a> file system extension which allows files of up to 256 GB in size on normal <a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> partitions. DR-DOS 7.01.08 WIP (work in progress) was released on 21 July 2011.<a href="#cite_note-EDR-99">[97]</a> From 2023 on the last Enhanced DR-DOS release 7.01.08 WIP was ported to an open source build tool chain, which makes the kernel and command interpreter cross-buildable from operating systems other than DOS.<a href="#cite_note-edrdos_2023-100">[98]</a> The kernel can be built as a single binary KERNEL.SYS to make it compatible with boot loaders supporting the FreeDOS kernel. It received several bug fixes and updates and as of October 2024 is under active maintenance. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> In October 2005, it was discovered that DR-DOS 8.1 included several utilities from <a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a> as well as other sources, and that the kernel was an outdated version of the Enhanced DR-DOS kernel. DR DOS, Inc. failed to comply with the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> (GPL) by not crediting the FreeDOS utilities to their authors and including the source code.<a href="#cite_note-freedos-97">[95]</a> After complaints from FreeDOS developers (including the suggestion to provide the source code, and hence comply with the GPL), DR DOS, Inc. instead withdrew version 8.1, and also the unaffected 8.0, from its website. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commands">Commands</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Commands">edit</a>]</div> APPEND, ASSIGN, BATCH, DBG, DELQ, ERA, ERAQ, MORE and SUBST have been among the internal commands supported since DR DOS 3.31. DR DOS 5.0 removed BATCH and added HILOAD.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-4DOS_8.00_HELP-35">[34]</a> GOSUB, IDLE, RETURN and SWITCH were added as internal commands with DR DOS 6.0.<a href="#cite_note-4DOS_8.00_HELP-35">[34]</a> ASSIGN and SUBST were changed to become external commands with DR DOS 6.0.<a href="#cite_note-4DOS_8.00_HELP-35">[34]</a> ECHOERR and PAUSEERR existed as internal commands in DR DOS 6.0 (and in Multiuser DOS), but were not normally enabled.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a> MORE remained an internal command up to including PalmDOS, but was changed to an external command with Novell DOS 7. DBG was removed with Novell DOS 7, LOADHIGH, LH and <a href="/wiki/TRUENAME" class="mw-redirect" title="TRUENAME">TRUENAME</a> were added as internal commands. APPEND[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] was still an internal command in DR DOS 6.0, but was changed to an external command with Novell DOS 7. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_commands">Internal commands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Internal commands">edit</a>]</div> The following list of <a href="/wiki/Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">internal</a> <a href="/wiki/Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">commands</a> is supported by <a href="#6.0">DR DOS 6.0</a>:<a href="#cite_note-drdos6userguide-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 9em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APPEND_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="APPEND (DOS command)">APPEND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BREAK_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="BREAK (DOS command)">BREAK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CD (DOS command)">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHCP_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHCP (DOS command)">CHCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHDIR_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHDIR (DOS command)">CHDIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLS_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CLS (DOS command)">CLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COPY_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="COPY (DOS command)">COPY</a><a href="#cite_note-NB_Remote-copy-50">[nb 2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTTY_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CTTY (DOS command)">CTTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DATE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DATE (DOS command)">DATE</a></li> <li>DBG<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEL_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DEL (DOS command)">DEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DELQ_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DELQ (DOS command)">DELQ</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIR_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DIR (DOS command)">DIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERA_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="ERA (DOS command)">ERA</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERAQ_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="ERAQ (DOS command)">ERAQ</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERASE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="ERASE (DOS command)">ERASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXIT_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="EXIT (DOS command)">EXIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HILOAD_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="HILOAD (DOS command)">HILOAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDLE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="IDLE (DOS command)">IDLE</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MD_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="MD (DOS command)">MD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MKDIR_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="MKDIR (DOS command)">MKDIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MORE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="MORE (DOS command)">MORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="PATH (DOS command)">PATH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROMPT_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="PROMPT (DOS command)">PROMPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="RD (DOS command)">RD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REN_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="REN (DOS command)">REN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENAME_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="RENAME (DOS command)">RENAME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMDIR_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="RMDIR (DOS command)">RMDIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SET_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="SET (DOS command)">SET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIME_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME (DOS command)">TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TYPE_(DOS_command)" title="TYPE (DOS command)">TYPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VER_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="VER (DOS command)">VER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERIFY_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="VERIFY (DOS command)">VERIFY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOL_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="VOL (DOS command)">VOL</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batch_processing_subcommands">Batch processing subcommands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Batch processing subcommands">edit</a>]</div> Batch processing subcommands of <a href="#6.0">DR DOS 6.0</a> include:<a href="#cite_note-drdos6userguide-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 9em;"> <ul><li>?<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALL_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CALL (DOS command)">CALL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECHO_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHO (DOS command)">ECHO</a></li> <li>ECHOERR<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOR_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="FOR (DOS command)">FOR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GOSUB_(DOS_command)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GOSUB (DOS command) (page does not exist)">GOSUB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOTO_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="GOTO (DOS command)">GOTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IF_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="IF (DOS command)">IF</a></li> <li>OR<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAUSE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="PAUSE (DOS command)">PAUSE</a></li> <li>PAUSEERR<a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REM_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="REM (DOS command)">REM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RETURN_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="RETURN (DOS command)">RETURN</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHIFT_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="SHIFT (DOS command)">SHIFT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SWITCH_(DOS_command)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SWITCH (DOS command) (page does not exist)">SWITCH</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">[99]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_commands">External commands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External commands">edit</a>]</div> <a href="#6.0">DR DOS 6.0</a> supports the following external commands:<a href="#cite_note-drdos6userguide-102">[100]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 9em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASSIGN_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASSIGN (DOS command)">ASSIGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATTRIB" title="ATTRIB">ATTRIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BACKUP_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="BACKUP (DOS command)">BACKUP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHKDSK" title="CHKDSK">CHKDSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COMMAND_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="COMMAND (DOS command)">COMMAND</a><a href="#cite_note-NB_Remote-copy-50">[nb 2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COMP_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="COMP (DOS command)">COMP</a></li> <li>CURSOR</li> <li>DELPURGE</li> <li>DELWATCH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DISKCOMP_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DISKCOMP (DOS command)">DISKCOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DISKCOPY_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DISKCOPY (DOS command)">DISKCOPY</a></li> <li>DISKMAP</li> <li>DISKOPT</li> <li>DOSBOOK</li> <li>EDITOR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXE2BIN" class="mw-redirect" title="EXE2BIN">EXE2BIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTOPEN" title="FASTOPEN">FASTOPEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Compare" title="File Compare">FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDISK_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="FDISK (DOS command)">FDISK</a></li> <li>FILELINK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_(Windows)" title="Find (Windows)">FIND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FORMAT_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="FORMAT (DOS command)">FORMAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAFTABL_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="GRAFTABL (DOS command)">GRAFTABL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAPHICS_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="GRAPHICS (DOS command)">GRAPHICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JOIN_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="JOIN (DOS command)">JOIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEYB_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="KEYB (DOS command)">KEYB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LABEL_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="LABEL (DOS command)">LABEL</a></li> <li>LOCK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEM_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="MEM (DOS command)">MEM</a></li> <li>MEMMAX</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="MODE (DOS command)">MODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOVE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOVE (DOS command)">MOVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLSFUNC_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="NLSFUNC (DOS command)">NLSFUNC</a></li> <li>PASSWORD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRINT_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRINT (DOS command)">PRINT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RECOVER_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="RECOVER (DOS command)">RECOVER</a></li> <li>RENDIR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/REPLACE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="REPLACE (DOS command)">REPLACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RESTORE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="RESTORE (DOS command)">RESTORE</a></li> <li>SCRIPT</li> <li>SETUP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHARE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="SHARE (DOS command)">SHARE</a></li> <li>SID</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SORT_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="SORT (DOS command)">SORT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperStor" class="mw-redirect" title="SuperStor">SSTOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUBST_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUBST (DOS command)">SUBST</a></li> <li>SUPERPCK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SYS_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="SYS (DOS command)">SYS</a></li> <li>TASKMAX</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOUCH_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="TOUCH (DOS command)">TOUCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TREE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="TREE (DOS command)">TREE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNDELETE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDELETE (DOS command)">UNDELETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNFORMAT_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFORMAT (DOS command)">UNFORMAT</a></li> <li>UNINSTAL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCOPY_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="XCOPY (DOS command)">XCOPY</a></li> <li>XDEL</li> <li>XDIR</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M" title="MP/M">MP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare" title="NetWare">NetWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Comparison of DOS operating systems">Comparison of DOS operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Timeline of DOS operating systems">Timeline of DOS operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AARD_code" title="AARD code">AARD code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Software_Embedded_BIOS" class="mw-redirect" title="General Software Embedded BIOS">General Software Embedded BIOS</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NB_Office-Locations-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NB_Office-Locations_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_Office-Locations_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_Office-Locations_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_Office-Locations_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_Office-Locations_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_Office-Locations_7-5">f</a> <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research Europe">Digital Research Europe</a>'s OEM Support Group was opened in <a href="/wiki/Newbury,_Berkshire" title="Newbury, Berkshire">Newbury</a>, Berkshire, UK (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=DR-DOS&params=51.40612_N_1.326374_W_dim:50_region:GB&title=Digital+Research+%28UK%29+Ltd.%2C+Oxford+House%2C+12-20+Oxford+Street%2C+Newbury%2C+Berkshire%2C+UK">51°24′22″N 1°19′35″W / 51.40612°N 1.326374°W / 51.40612; -1.326374 (Digital Research (UK) Ltd., Oxford House, 12-20 Oxford Street, Newbury, Berkshire, UK)</a>) in 1983. Relocated to <a href="/wiki/Hungerford,_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungerford, Berkshire">Hungerford</a>, Berkshire, UK, in 1986, this facility became Digital Research's newly created European Development Centre (EDC), originally at Station Road (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=DR-DOS&params=51.414478_N_1.512946_W_dim:50_region:GB&title=Digital+Research+%28UK%29+Ltd.%2C+Station+Road%2C+Hungerford%2C+Berkshire%2C+UK">51°24′52″N 1°30′47″W / 51.414478°N 1.512946°W / 51.414478; -1.512946 (Digital Research (UK) Ltd., Station Road, Hungerford, Berkshire, UK)</a>), but later moved to Charnham Park (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=DR-DOS&params=51.420339_N_1.515223_W_dim:300_region:GB&title=Digital+Research+%28UK%29+Ltd.%2C+Charnham+Park%2C+Hungerford%2C+Berkshire%2C+UK">51°25′13″N 1°30′55″W / 51.420339°N 1.515223°W / 51.420339; -1.515223 (Digital Research (UK) Ltd., Charnham Park, Hungerford, Berkshire, UK)</a>). It became Novell's Digital Research Systems Group between 1991 and 1992 and was later merged into Novell's Desktop Systems Group (DSG). The facility was closed between 1994 and 1996. Caldera's new Digital Research Systems Group opened Caldera UK Ltd. in <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Hampshire" title="Andover, Hampshire">Andover</a>, Hampshire, UK, in 1996. This was originally located at Winchester Street (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=DR-DOS&params=51.20531_N_1.478786_W_dim:15_region:GB&title=Caldera+UK+Ltd.%2C+Aldwych+House%2C+Winchester+Street%2C+Andover%2C+Hampshire%2C+SP10+2EA%2C+UK">51°12′19″N 1°28′44″W / 51.20531°N 1.478786°W / 51.20531; -1.478786 (Caldera UK Ltd., Aldwych House, Winchester Street, Andover, Hampshire, SP10 2EA, UK)</a>), but soon moved into a converted barn in Upper Clatford at the periphery of Andover (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=DR-DOS&params=51.188306_N_1.487498_W_dim:25_region:GB&title=Caldera+UK+Ltd.%2C+Norman+Court+Barns%2C+Norman+Court+Lane%2C+Upper+Clatford%2C+Andover%2C+Hampshire%2C+UK">51°11′18″N 1°29′15″W / 51.188306°N 1.487498°W / 51.188306; -1.487498 (Caldera UK Ltd., Norman Court Barns, Norman Court Lane, Upper Clatford, Andover, Hampshire, UK)</a>). It closed in 1998. </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_Remote-copy-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NB_Remote-copy_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_Remote-copy_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_Remote-copy_50-2">c</a> In order to improve performance of <a href="/wiki/File_transfer" title="File transfer">file transfers</a>, the internal <a href="/wiki/COPY_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="COPY (DOS command)">COPY</a> command in some versions of COMMAND.COM since Novell DOS 7<a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1997_DOSSRC-68">[66]</a> has built-in <a href="/wiki/NCOPY" class="mw-redirect" title="NCOPY">NCOPY</a> capabilities, that is, it automatically detects if a file is to be copied locally on a remote NetWare or <a href="/wiki/Personal_NetWare" title="Personal NetWare">Personal NetWare</a> file server and then will initiate a remote file transfer eliminating the need to send the file contents over the network. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-about-1"><a href="#cite_ref-about_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180603094924/http://drdos.com/company/about-drdos/">"About DRDOS"</a>. DRDOS Embedded DOS. <a href="/wiki/DRDOS,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="DRDOS, Inc.">DRDOS, Inc.</a> 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drdos.com/company/about-drdos/">the original</a> on 2018-06-03. Retrieved 2015-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DRDOS+Embedded+DOS&rft.atitle=About+DRDOS&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrdos.com%2Fcompany%2Fabout-drdos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-podtech-2"><a href="#cite_ref-podtech_2-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091226162826/http://www.podtech.net/scobleshow/technology/1593/the-rest-of-the-story-how-bill-gates-beat-gary-kildall-in-os-war-part-1">The rest of the story: How Bill Gates beat Gary Kildall in OS war, Part 1 | ScobleShow: Videoblog about geeks, technology, and developers</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_PCMODE-3"><a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_PCMODE_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorreson1984" class="citation journal cs1">Borreson, Nan, ed. (March 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1008">"PC-Mode bridges CP/M and PC-DOS"</a>. Digital Dialogue - Employee Newsletter of Digital Research Inc. 3 (1). <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>: 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910122042/http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1008">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2017-09-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Dialogue+-+Employee+Newsletter+of+Digital+Research+Inc.&rft.atitle=PC-Mode+bridges+CP%2FM+and+PC-DOS&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1984-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorphist.computerhistory.org%2Fcorphist%2Fview.php%3Fs%3Ddocuments%26id%3D1008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170105175506/http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-4468e75a9255a.pdf">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_CDOS31-4"><a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_CDOS31_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorreson1984" class="citation journal cs1">Borreson, Nan, ed. (May 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1011">"Concurrent DOS bridges PC-DOS, CP/M"</a>. Digital Research News - for Digital Research Users Everywhere. 4 (2). <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>: 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910122747/http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1011">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2017-09-10. <q><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_3.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 3.1">Concurrent DOS Release 3.1</a> is rapidly gaining momentum and support from a wide range of microcomputer manufacturers," Wandryk said. "Some 60 hardware companies have licensed the product since it was released in early March.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Research+News+-+for+Digital+Research+Users+Everywhere&rft.atitle=Concurrent+DOS+bridges+PC-DOS%2C+CP%2FM&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1984-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorphist.computerhistory.org%2Fcorphist%2Fview.php%3Fs%3Ddocuments%26id%3D1011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-4468e75a9255a.pdf">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOS_Plus-5"><a href="#cite_ref-DOS_Plus_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-location-test">Burton, Robin (September 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bbc.nvg.org/doc/Master%20512%20Technical%20Guide/m512tech07.htm#Elements%20of%20DOS%20Plus">"Chapter 7: DOS Plus: A short history"</a>. Written at Leicestershire, UK. Master 512 Technical Guide (First edition, first printing ed.). Prestwich, Manchester, UK: <a href="/wiki/Dabs_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabs Press">Dabs Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870336-80-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-870336-80-1"><bdi>1-870336-80-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910174042/http://bbc.nvg.org/doc/Master%20512%20Technical%20Guide/m512tech07.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2018-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+7%3A+DOS+Plus%3A+A+short+history&rft.btitle=Master+512+Technical+Guide&rft.place=Prestwich%2C+Manchester%2C+UK&rft.edition=First+edition%2C+first+printing&rft.pub=Dabs+Press&rft.date=1989-09&rft.isbn=1-870336-80-1&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbc.nvg.org%2Fdoc%2FMaster%2520512%2520Technical%2520Guide%2Fm512tech07.htm%23Elements%2520of%2520DOS%2520Plus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240725173413/https://acorn.huininga.nl/pub/docs/manuals/Acorn/80186%20Second%20Processor/Master%20512%20Technical%20Guide.pdf">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wein_2009_DOSPLUS-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wein_2009_DOSPLUS_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wein_2009_DOSPLUS_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wein_2009_DOSPLUS_6-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWein2010" class="citation web cs1">Wein, Josef "Joe" (2010-02-19) [November 2009]. Johnson, Herbert R. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retrotechnology.com/dri/dri_wein.html">"DRI History and Joe Wein"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170117185919/http://retrotechnology.com/dri/dri_wein.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-17. Retrieved 2017-01-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DRI+History+and+Joe+Wein&rft.date=2010-02-19&rft.aulast=Wein&rft.aufirst=Josef+%22Joe%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fretrotechnology.com%2Fdri%2Fdri_wein.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_1996_Suit-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_Suit_8-11">l</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/ca_sues_ms.html">"Software Developer Caldera sues Microsoft for Antitrust practices alleges monopolistic acts shut its DR DOS operating system out of market"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Caldera_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera News">Caldera News</a>. 1996-07-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624232924/http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/ca_sues_ms.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-24. Retrieved 2017-06-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caldera+News&rft.atitle=Software+Developer+Caldera+sues+Microsoft+for+Antitrust+practices+alleges+monopolistic+acts+shut+its+DR+DOS+operating+system+out+of+market&rft.date=1996-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maxframe.com%2FDR%2FInfo%2Ffullstory%2Fca_sues_ms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-Strutynski-Wharton_1983-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown-Strutynski-Wharton_1983_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownStrutynskiWharton1983" class="citation magazine cs1">Brown, David K.; <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Strutynski" title="Kathryn Strutynski">Strutynski, Kathryn</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Harrison_Wharton" title="John Harrison Wharton">Wharton, John Harrison</a> (1983-05-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/bitsavers_computerDe_206764578">"Tweaking more performance from an operating system - Hashing, caching, and memory blocking are just a few of the techniques used to punch up performance in the latest version of CP/M"</a>. System Design/Software. Computer Design - The Magazine of Computer Based Systems. Vol. 22, no. 6. Littleton, Massachusetts, USA: <a href="/wiki/PennWell_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="PennWell Publications">PennWell Publications</a> / <a href="/wiki/PennWell_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="PennWell Publishing Company">PennWell Publishing Company</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_computerDe_206764578/page/105/">193</a>–194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4566">0010-4566</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1564597">1564597</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/CODEN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CODEN (identifier)">CODEN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=codens&exactMatch=y&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=CMPDA">CMPDA</a>. ark:/13960/t3hz07m4t. Retrieved 2021-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Design+-+The+Magazine+of+Computer+Based+Systems&rft.atitle=Tweaking+more+performance+from+an+operating+system+-+Hashing%2C+caching%2C+and+memory+blocking+are+just+a+few+of+the+techniques+used+to+punch+up+performance+in+the+latest+version+of+CP%2FM.&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=193-194%2C+196%2C+198%2C+200%2C+202%2C+204&rft.date=1983-05-14&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1564597&rft.issn=0010-4566&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=David+K.&rft.au=Strutynski%2C+Kathryn&rft.au=Wharton%2C+John+Harrison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbitsavers_computerDe_206764578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (7 pages) (NB. This source is about <a href="/wiki/CP/M_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M Plus">CP/M Plus</a>, where some similar concepts were introduced into the DRI family of operating systems a couple of years earlier.) </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoword_1988-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Infoword_1988_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonting1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Ponting, Bob (1988-08-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18">"Award Software plans to implement Digital Research's OS on ROM chip"</a>. <a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a>. Retrieved 2014-09-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Award+Software+plans+to+implement+Digital+Research%27s+OS+on+ROM+chip&rft.date=1988-08-15&rft.aulast=Ponting&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZzoEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2001Sales_1989-11"><a href="#cite_ref-2001Sales_1989_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1989-05">"EZ-DOS - Break the stranglehold on your PC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BYTE_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="BYTE Magazine">BYTE Magazine</a> (Advertisement). Vol. 14, no. 5. <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. May 1989. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1989-05/page/n219/mode/1up">198</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1989-05/page/n360/mode/1up">320C</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0360-5280">0360-5280</a>. ark:/13960/t88g9x33p. Retrieved 2021-11-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE+Magazine&rft.atitle=EZ-DOS+-+Break+the+stranglehold+on+your+PC.&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=198%2C+320C&rft.date=1989-05&rft.issn=0360-5280&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyte-magazine-1989-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2002_OS-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2002_OS_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2002" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. 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Retrieved 2014-08-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+detect+FreeCOM%2FFreeDOS+in-batch%3F&rft.pub=freedos-dev+mailing+list&rft.date=2002-02-20&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarc.info%2F%3Fl%3Dfreedos-dev%26m%3D101423986407077%26w%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CW_1990_DR5-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CW_1990_DR5_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CW_1990_DR5_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerwoche.de/a/digital-research-stellt-sich-dem-monopolisten-mit-dr-dos-5-0,1146584">"Kompatibles PC-Betriebssystem kann mehr als MS-DOS und PC-DOS - Digital Research stellt sich dem Monopolisten mit DR-DOS 5.0"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computerwoche" title="Computerwoche">Computerwoche</a> (in German). IDG Business Media GmbH. 1990-07-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190725224953/https://www.computerwoche.de/a/digital-research-stellt-sich-dem-monopolisten-mit-dr-dos-5-0,1146584">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-07-25. Retrieved 2019-07-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerwoche&rft.atitle=Kompatibles+PC-Betriebssystem+kann+mehr+als+MS-DOS+und+PC-DOS+-+Digital+Research+stellt+sich+dem+Monopolisten+mit+DR-DOS+5.0&rft.date=1990-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerwoche.de%2Fa%2Fdigital-research-stellt-sich-dem-monopolisten-mit-dr-dos-5-0%2C1146584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosch_1991_DR5-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosch_1991_DR5_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosch_1991_DR5_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosch_1991_DR5_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosch_1991_DR5_14-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosch1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Rosch, Winn L. 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Retrieved 2019-07-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=DR+DOS+5.0+-+The+better+operating+system%3F&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=241-246%2C+257%2C+264%2C+266&rft.date=1991-02-12&rft.aulast=Rosch&rft.aufirst=Winn+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYxFTezF9-sMC%26pg%3DPT246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digital_Research_1990_We_Make_Computers_Work-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Digital_Research_1990_We_Make_Computers_Work_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trademarks.justia.com/740/87/digital-research-we-make-computers-work-74087063.html">"Digital Research - We Make Computers Work"</a>. 1992-11-13 [1990-08-13]. 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(1991-09-18) [1991-07-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.windowswiki.info/wp-content/uploads/codenames/PX03473.pdf">"MS-DOS 5.0 Development Post-Mortem Report"</a> (PDF) (mail as court document). <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. p. 10. MS-PCA1179169 (MS-PCA1179159-MS-PCA1179191). MS7020988 (MS7020978-MS7021010). Depo. Ex. 1109. <a href="/wiki/Comes_v_Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Comes v Microsoft">Comes v Microsoft</a> Plaintiff's Exhibit 3473. CA.No.2:96CV645B Plaintiff's Exhibit 477. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402223233/http://www.windowswiki.info/wp-content/uploads/codenames/PX03473.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-02. Retrieved 2019-07-22. <q>[…] One of the most important stimulanta for adding features was competitive pressure from <a href="#5.0">DRDOS 5.0</a>, which we first learnt of in the spring of 1990. The DRDOS feature set led us to add <a href="/wiki/Upper_memory_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper memory block">UMB</a> support, task swapping, and Undelete. […] Considerable amounts of the team's management attention was diverted to new features such as file transfer software, undelete and network installation […] Eventually this situation reached a crisis point at the end of July 1990, and, led by <a href="/wiki/Brad_Silverberg" title="Brad Silverberg">BradS</a>, the team's management spent an arduous series of meetings nailing down a schedule and process for closing the project down […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MS-DOS+5.0+Development+Post-Mortem+Report&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=1991-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.windowswiki.info%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fcodenames%2FPX03473.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (1+32 pages) </li> <li id="cite_note-Salemi_1991_DR6-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salemi_1991_DR6_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salemi_1991_DR6_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salemi_1991_DR6_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salemi_1991_DR6_19-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalemi1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Salemi, Leo (1991-11-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xb5VnujctzAC&pg=PT39">"DR DOS 6.0 Leapfrogs MS-DOS 5.0 With Task-Switching in RAM"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a>. 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Retrieved 2018-07-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heise+Online&rft.atitle=Microsoft%3A+Vorget%C3%A4uschter+Bug+legte+DR-DOS+lahm&rft.date=1998-08-27&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Egbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heise.de%2Fnewsticker%2Fmeldung%2FMicrosoft-Vorgetaeuschter-Bug-legte-DR-DOS-lahm-14173.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://heise.de/-14173">[4]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-CW_1992-23"><a href="#cite_ref-CW_1992_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w1yCn870hscC&pg=PA6">"DR DOS 6.0 does Windows 3.1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a>. News Shorts. 1992-04-20. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190722175928/https://books.google.nl/books?id=w1yCn870hscC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&redir_esc=y%23v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-07-22. Retrieved 2019-07-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=DR+DOS+6.0+does+Windows+3.1&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1992-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw1yCn870hscC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulmanBrownMaxeyMichels1994" class="citation book cs1">Schulman, Andrew; <a href="/wiki/Ralf_D._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralf D. Brown">Brown, Ralf D.</a>; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) [November 1993]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/undocumenteddosp00andr_0">Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1</a> (2 ed.). Reading, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Addison_Wesley" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison Wesley">Addison Wesley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-63287-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-63287-X"><bdi>0-201-63287-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Undocumented+DOS%3A+A+programmer%27s+guide+to+reserved+MS-DOS+functions+and+data+structures+-+expanded+to+include+MS-DOS+6%2C+Novell+DOS+and+Windows+3.1&rft.place=Reading%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-201-63287-X&rft.aulast=Schulman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Brown%2C+Ralf+D.&rft.au=Maxey%2C+David&rft.au=Michels%2C+Raymond+J.&rft.au=Kyle%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fundocumenteddosp00andr_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5-inch floppy) Errata: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417215556/https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/ralf/pub/books/UndocumentedDOS/errata.ud2">[5]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417212906/https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/programming/Undocumented_DOS/#errata-2nd-edition">[6]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_1999_Statement_of_facts-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1999_Statement_of_facts_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusmanEskridge_IIISouthwickSusman1999" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Daily_Susman" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Daily Susman">Susman, Stephen Daily</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Eskridge_III" title="Charles R. Eskridge III">Eskridge III, Charles R.</a>; Southwick, James T.; Susman, Harry P.; Folse III, Parker C.; Palumbo, Ralph H.; Harris, Matthew R.; McCune, Philip S.; Engel, Lynn M.; Hill, Stephen J.; Tibbitts, Ryan E. (April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/factstat.html">"In the United States District Court - District of Utah, Central Division - Caldera, Inc. vs. Microsoft Corporation - Consolidated statement of facts in support of its responses to motions for summary judgement by Microsoft Corporation - Case No. 2:96CV 0645B"</a> (Court document). Caldera, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180805184350/http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/factstat.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-05. Retrieved 2018-08-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+the+United+States+District+Court+-+District+of+Utah%2C+Central+Division+-+Caldera%2C+Inc.+vs.+Microsoft+Corporation+-+Consolidated+statement+of+facts+in+support+of+its+responses+to+motions+for+summary+judgement+by+Microsoft+Corporation+-+Case+No.+2%3A96CV+0645B&rft.pub=Caldera%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1999-04&rft.aulast=Susman&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Daily&rft.au=Eskridge+III%2C+Charles+R.&rft.au=Southwick%2C+James+T.&rft.au=Susman%2C+Harry+P.&rft.au=Folse+III%2C+Parker+C.&rft.au=Palumbo%2C+Ralph+H.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Matthew+R.&rft.au=McCune%2C+Philip+S.&rft.au=Engel%2C+Lynn+M.&rft.au=Hill%2C+Stephen+J.&rft.au=Tibbitts%2C+Ryan+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maxframe.com%2FDR%2FInfo%2Ffullstory%2Ffactstat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2000_History-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2000_History_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2000" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2000-09-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161125115620/http://www.freedos.org/technotes/press/2000-drdos-hist.txt">"25 years of DR DOS history - Digital Research DOS history"</a>. FreeDOS.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freedos.org/freedos/news/press/2000-drdos-hist.txt">the original</a> on 2016-11-25. Retrieved 2013-10-05. <q>See footnote #19 (BDOS 1067h "<a href="/wiki/DR_DOS_6.0" class="mw-redirect" title="DR DOS 6.0">DR DOS 6.0</a> Windows 3.1 update, April 1992"; 1992-03, 1992-04-07: "This public DR DOS 6.0 update only includes patches addressing full Windows 3.1 compatibility. There should have been a full "business update" for registered users, shipping a little bit later."), #27 (BDOS 1072h "Novell DOS 7 Panther/Smirnoff BETA 3", 1993-09: "This issue does not have workarounds for Windows 3.1 AARD code."), #29 (BDOS 1072h "Novell DOS 7 German release"; 1994-02-22: "This issue is known to have workarounds for Windows 3.1 AARD code. This should also apply to the earlier English issue.")</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FreeDOS.org&rft.atitle=25+years+of+DR+DOS+history+-+Digital+Research+DOS+history&rft.date=2000-09-18&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedos.org%2Ffreedos%2Fnews%2Fpress%2F2000-drdos-hist.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDJ-27"><a href="#cite_ref-DDJ_27-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ddj.com/windows/184409070?pgno=4">Dr. Dobb's Journal investigation</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Timeline_2014_DOSV-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Timeline_2014_DOSV_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118051949/http://lsair.html.xdomain.jp/a/e/timeline-of-dosv-versions.html">"Timeline of DOS/V versions"</a> (in Japanese). 2014-11-28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lsair.html.xdomain.jp/a/e/timeline-of-dosv-versions.html">the original</a> on 2017-01-18. Retrieved 2017-01-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline+of+DOS%2FV+versions&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flsair.html.xdomain.jp%2Fa%2Fe%2Ftimeline-of-dosv-versions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRDOS60V_ViewMAX-29"><a href="#cite_ref-DRDOS60V_ViewMAX_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamElliott2014" class="citation web cs1">Tam, Roy; Elliott, John C. (2014-01-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.betaarchive.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=30331">"DR DOS 6.0/V"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180903045928/https://www.betaarchive.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=30331">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-03. Retrieved 2017-01-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DR+DOS+6.0%2FV&rft.date=2014-01-12&rft.aulast=Tam&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.au=Elliott%2C+John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.betaarchive.com%2Fforum%2Fviewtopic.php%3Ft%3D30331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (NB. Has screenshots of a <a href="/wiki/DBCS" class="mw-redirect" title="DBCS">DBCS</a>-enabled version of <a href="/wiki/ViewMAX_2" class="mw-redirect" title="ViewMAX 2">ViewMAX 2</a> running on DR DOS 6.0/V and a <a href="/wiki/Hex_dump" title="Hex dump">hex dump</a> of the corresponding DRFONT database <code>SCREENHZ.FNT</code> for its <code><a href="/wiki/$FONT.SYS" class="mw-redirect" title="$FONT.SYS">$FONT.SYS</a></code>.) </li> <li id="cite_note-BW_1991-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BW_1991_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BW_1991_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech-insider.org/personal-computers/research/1991/0717.html">"Novell and Digital Research sign definitive merger agreement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a>. 1991-07-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818133749/https://tech-insider.org/personal-computers/research/1991/0717.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-18. Retrieved 2017-01-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Wire&rft.atitle=Novell+and+Digital+Research+sign+definitive+merger+agreement&rft.date=1991-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech-insider.org%2Fpersonal-computers%2Fresearch%2F1991%2F0717.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott_1991_Merger-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scott_1991_Merger_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scott_1991_Merger_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1991" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, Karyl (1991-07-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mVAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33">"Novell/DRI merger to reap better client management"</a>. <a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a>: 33. Retrieved 2017-01-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Novell%2FDRI+merger+to+reap+better+client+management&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1991-07-29&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Karyl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmVAEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CW_1992_PalmDOS-32"><a href="#cite_ref-CW_1992_PalmDOS_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCW1992" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">CW (1992-09-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerwoche.de/a/novell-kuendigt-die-ersten-low-end-produkte-mit-dem-betiebssystem-dr-dos-6-0-an,1135975">"Markt für Desktop-Betriebssysteme im Visier - Novell kündigt die ersten Low-end-Produkte mit dem Betiebssystem DR DOS 6.0 an"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computerwoche" title="Computerwoche">Computerwoche</a> (in German). Munich, Germany: <a href="/wiki/IDG_Business_Media_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="IDG Business Media GmbH">IDG Business Media GmbH</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704215744/https://www.computerwoche.de/a/novell-kuendigt-die-ersten-low-end-produkte-mit-dem-betiebssystem-dr-dos-6-0-an%2C1135975">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-04. Retrieved 2017-07-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerwoche&rft.atitle=Markt+f%C3%BCr+Desktop-Betriebssysteme+im+Visier+-+Novell+k%C3%BCndigt+die+ersten+Low-end-Produkte+mit+dem+Betiebssystem+DR+DOS+6.0+an&rft.date=1992-09-11&rft.au=CW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerwoche.de%2Fa%2Fnovell-kuendigt-die-ersten-low-end-produkte-mit-dem-betiebssystem-dr-dos-6-0-an%2C1135975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOS7UN-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOS7UN_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (1997-06-07) [April 1994]. "Chapter 1.3.xi: Überlange Pfade". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdos7un.htm">NWDOS7UN.TXT — Zusammenfassung der dokumentierten und undokumentierten Fähigkeiten von Novell DOS 7</a>. MPDOSTIP (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107122352/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdos7un.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-11-07. Retrieved 2016-11-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1.3.xi%3A+%C3%9Cberlange+Pfade&rft.btitle=NWDOS7UN.TXT+%E2%80%94+Zusammenfassung+der+dokumentierten+und+undokumentierten+F%C3%A4higkeiten+von+Novell+DOS+7&rft.date=1997-06-07&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antonis.de%2Fdos%2Fdos-tuts%2Fmpdostip%2Fhtml%2Fnwdos7un.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_34-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_34-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_34-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (1997-07-30) [1994-05-01]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm">NWDOS-TIPs — Tips & Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds</a>. MPDOSTIP. Release 157 (in German) (3 ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910194752/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2014-08-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NWDOS-TIPs+%26mdash%3B+Tips+%26+Tricks+rund+um+Novell+DOS+7%2C+mit+Blick+auf+undokumentierte+Details%2C+Bugs+und+Workarounds&rft.series=Release+157&rft.edition=3&rft.date=1997-07-30&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antonis.de%2Fdos%2Fdos-tuts%2Fmpdostip%2Fhtml%2Fnwdostip.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (NB. NWDOSTIP.TXT is a comprehensive work on Novell DOS 7 and OpenDOS 7.01, including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger <code>MPDOSTIP.ZIP</code> collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the <code>NWDOSTIP.TXT</code> file.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152204/https://www.sac.sk/download/text/mpdostip.zip">[7]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-4DOS_8.00_HELP-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-4DOS_8.00_HELP_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-4DOS_8.00_HELP_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-4DOS_8.00_HELP_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-4DOS_8.00_HELP_35-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-4DOS_8.00_HELP_35-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrothersRawsonConnPaul2002" class="citation book cs1">Brothers, Hardin; <a href="/wiki/Tom_Rawson" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Rawson">Rawson, Tom</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rex_C._Conn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rex C. Conn">Conn, Rex C.</a>; Paul, Matthias R.; Dye, Charles E.; Georgiev, Luchezar I. (2002-02-27). <a href="/wiki/4DOS_8.00" class="mw-redirect" title="4DOS 8.00">4DOS 8.00 online help</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=4DOS+8.00+online+help&rft.date=2002-02-27&rft.aulast=Brothers&rft.aufirst=Hardin&rft.au=Rawson%2C+Tom&rft.au=Conn%2C+Rex+C.&rft.au=Paul%2C+Matthias+R.&rft.au=Dye%2C+Charles+E.&rft.au=Georgiev%2C+Luchezar+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dynamic_Idle_Detection-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Dynamic_Idle_Detection_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120407072428/http://www.wikipatents.com/US-Patent-5355501/idle-detection-system">"US Patent 5355501 - Idle detection system"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikipatents.com/US-Patent-5355501/idle-detection-system">the original</a> on 2012-04-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Patent+5355501+-+Idle+detection+system&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikipatents.com%2FUS-Patent-5355501%2Fidle-detection-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sdtimes_novell_v_microsoft-37"><a href="#cite_ref-sdtimes_novell_v_microsoft_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHildebrand2011" class="citation web cs1">Hildebrand, J. D. (2011-12-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515082145/http://www.sdtimes.com/blog/post/2011/12/19/Novell-v-Microsoft-trial-ends-in-hung-jury.aspx">"Novell v. Microsoft trial ends in hung jury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SD_Times" title="SD Times">SD Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdtimes.com/blog/post/2011/12/19/Novell-v-Microsoft-trial-ends-in-hung-jury.aspx">the original</a> on 2012-05-15. 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Caldera also announced plans for internal development and marketing of DOS, including a new product called Caldera OpenDOS. […] Caldera plans to openly distribute the source code for all of the DOS technologies it acquired from Novell […] including CP/M, DR DOS, PalmDOS, Multi-User DOS and Novell DOS 7. Pending an evaluation and organization of the […] technologies, the source code will be made available from Caldera's web site during Q1 1997 […] Individuals can use OpenDOS source for personal use at no cost. Individuals and organizations desiring to commercially redistribute Caldera OpenDOS must acquire a license with an associated small fee. Source code for proprietary third-party components of Novell DOS 7 will not be published. […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caldera+announces+open+source+code+model+for+DOS+-+DR+DOS+%2B+the+Internet+%3D+Caldera+OpenDOS&rft.place=Provo%2C+UT%2C+USA&rft.pub=Caldera%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1996-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaldera.com%3A80%2Fnews%2Fpr002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_Fullstory_Tech-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_Fullstory_Tech_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_Fullstory_Tech_52-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusmanEskridge_IIISusmanSouthwick1999" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Daily_Susman" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Daily Susman">Susman, Stephen Daily</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Eskridge_III" title="Charles R. Eskridge III">Eskridge III, Charles R.</a>; Susman, Harry P.; Southwick, James T.; Folse III, Parker C.; Borchers, Timothy K.; Palumbo, Ralph H.; Harris, Matthew R.; Engel, Lynn M.; McCune, Philip S.; Locker, Lawrence C.; Wheeler, Max D.; Hill, Stephen J.; Tibbitts, Ryan E. (May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/tech.html">"In the United States District Court - District of Utah, Central Division - Caldera, Inc. vs. Microsoft Corporation - Case No. 2:96CV 0645B - Caldera, Inc.'s Memorandum in opposition to defendant's motion for partial Summary Judgment on plaintiff's "Technological Tying" claim"</a> (Court document). <a href="/wiki/Caldera,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera, Inc.">Caldera, Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180805142843/http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/tech.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-05. Retrieved 2018-08-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+the+United+States+District+Court+-+District+of+Utah%2C+Central+Division+-+Caldera%2C+Inc.+vs.+Microsoft+Corporation+-+Case+No.+2%3A96CV+0645B+-+Caldera%2C+Inc.%27s+Memorandum+in+opposition+to+defendant%27s+motion+for+partial+Summary+Judgment+on+plaintiff%27s+%22Technological+Tying%22+claim&rft.pub=Caldera%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1999-05&rft.aulast=Susman&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Daily&rft.au=Eskridge+III%2C+Charles+R.&rft.au=Susman%2C+Harry+P.&rft.au=Southwick%2C+James+T.&rft.au=Folse+III%2C+Parker+C.&rft.au=Borchers%2C+Timothy+K.&rft.au=Palumbo%2C+Ralph+H.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Matthew+R.&rft.au=Engel%2C+Lynn+M.&rft.au=McCune%2C+Philip+S.&rft.au=Locker%2C+Lawrence+C.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+Max+D.&rft.au=Hill%2C+Stephen+J.&rft.au=Tibbitts%2C+Ryan+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maxframe.com%2FDR%2FInfo%2Ffullstory%2Ftech.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_CalderaMicrosoft-53"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_CalderaMicrosoft_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLea2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Lea_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham Lea (journalist)">Lea, Graham</a> (2000-01-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/600488.stm">"Caldera vs Microsoft - the settlement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624234406/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/600488.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-24 – via bbc.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Caldera+vs+Microsoft+-+the+settlement&rft.date=2000-01-13&rft.aulast=Lea&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F600488.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gomes_2000_Settlement-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gomes_2000_Settlement_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gomes_2000_Settlement_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGomes2000" class="citation news cs1">Gomes, Lee (2000-01-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB947543007415899052">"Microsoft Will Pay $275 Million To Settle Lawsuit From Caldera"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161231130504/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB947543007415899052">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-31. Retrieved 2019-11-24. <q><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Corp.">Microsoft Corp.</a> agreed to pay an estimated $275 million to settle an antitrust lawsuit by <a href="/wiki/Caldera_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera Inc.">Caldera Inc.</a>, heading off a trial that was likely to air nasty allegations from a decade ago. […] Microsoft and Caldera, a small Salt Lake City software company that brought the suit in 1996, didn't disclose terms of the settlement. Microsoft, though, said it would take a charge of three cents a share for the agreement in the fiscal third quarter ending March 31 […] the company has roughly 5.5 billion shares outstanding […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Will+Pay+%24275+Million+To+Settle+Lawsuit+From+Caldera&rft.date=2000-01-11&rft.aulast=Gomes&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB947543007415899052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Groklaw_2009_NovellWP-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Groklaw_2009_NovellWP_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20091120165256836">"Exhibits to Microsoft's Cross Motion for Summary Judgment in Novell WordPerfect Case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Groklaw" title="Groklaw">Groklaw</a>. 2009-11-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130821080038/http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20091120165256836">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-08-21. Retrieved 2011-10-22. <q>[…] exhibits attached to Microsoft's Memorandum of Law in support of Microsoft's cross motion for summary judgment in the Novell v. Microsoft antitrust litigation. We finally find out what Microsoft paid <a href="/wiki/Caldera,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera, Inc.">Caldera</a> to settle the DrDOS litigation back in 2000: $280 million. We even get to read the settlement agreement. It's attached as an exhibit. […] The settlement terms were sealed for all these years, but […] now that mystery is solved. […] We also find out what Caldera/<a href="/wiki/Canopy_Group" title="Canopy Group">Canopy</a> then paid Novell from that $280 million: $35.5 million at first, and then after Novell successfully sued Canopy in 2004, Caldera's successor-in-interest on this matter, an additional $17.7 million, according to page 16 of the Memorandum. Microsoft claims that Novell is not the real party in interest in this antitrust case, and so it can't sue Microsoft for the claims it has lodged against it, because, Microsoft says, Novell sold its antitrust claims to Caldera when it sold it DrDOS. So the exhibits are trying to demonstrate that Novell got paid in full, so to speak, via that earlier litigation. As a result, we get to read a number of documents from the Novell v. Canopy litigation. Novell responds it retained its antitrust claims in the applications market. […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Groklaw&rft.atitle=Exhibits+to+Microsoft%27s+Cross+Motion+for+Summary+Judgment+in+Novell+WordPerfect+Case&rft.date=2009-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groklaw.net%2Farticle.php%3Fstory%3D20091120165256836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Microsoft_2009_Memorandum-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Microsoft_2009_Memorandum_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallisAeschbacherBettilyonWebb,_Jr.2009" class="citation web cs1">Wallis, Richard J.; Aeschbacher, Steven J.; Bettilyon, Mark M.; Webb, Jr., G. Stewar; Tulchin, David B.; Holley, Steven L. (2009-11-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groklaw.net/pdf2/NovvMS-104-2.pdf">"Microsoft's memorandum in opposition to Novell's renewed motion for summary judgement on Microsoft's affirmative defenses and in support of Microsoft's cross-motion for summary judgement"</a> (PDF) (Court document). United States District Court, District of Maryland. p. 16. Novell, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation, Civil Action No. JFM-05-1087. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524154518/http://www.groklaw.net/pdf2/NovvMS-104-2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2018-08-03. <q>[…] Microsoft paid $280 million to <a href="/wiki/Caldera,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera, Inc.">Caldera</a> to settle the case, and $35.5 million of the settlement proceeds were provided by Caldera to Novell as a so-called "royalty." […] Dissatisfied with that amount, Novell filed suit in June 2000 against Caldera (succeeded by <a href="/wiki/The_Canopy_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canopy Group">The Canopy Group</a>), alleging that Novell was entitled to even more. […] Novell ultimately prevailed, adding $17.7 million to its share of the monies paid by Microsoft to Caldera, for a total of more than $53 million […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft%27s+memorandum+in+opposition+to+Novell%27s+renewed+motion+for+summary+judgement+on+Microsoft%27s+affirmative+defenses+and+in+support+of+Microsoft%27s+cross-motion+for+summary+judgement&rft.place=United+States+District+Court%2C+District+of+Maryland&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft.aulast=Wallis&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft.au=Aeschbacher%2C+Steven+J.&rft.au=Bettilyon%2C+Mark+M.&rft.au=Webb%2C+Jr.%2C+G.+Stewar&rft.au=Tulchin%2C+David+B.&rft.au=Holley%2C+Steven+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groklaw.net%2Fpdf2%2FNovvMS-104-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_Microsoft_2000_Settlement-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_Microsoft_2000_Settlement_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurtSparks2000" class="citation web cs1">Burt, Thomas W.; <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Wayne_Sparks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryan Wayne Sparks">Sparks, Bryan Wayne</a> (2000-01-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groklaw.net/pdf2/NovvMS-104-8.pdf">"Settlement agreement - Microsoft Corporation and Caldera, Inc. reach agreement to settle antitrust lawsuit"</a> (PDF) (Faxed court document). Case 1:05-cv-01087-JFM, Document 104-8, Filed 2009-11-13; NOV00107061-NOV00107071; LT2288-LT2298; Lan12S311263739.1; Exhibit A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704220659/http://groklaw.net/pdf2/NovvMS-104-8.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-04. Retrieved 2018-08-03. <q>[…] Microsoft will pay to <a href="/wiki/Caldera,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera, Inc.">Caldera</a>, by wire transfer in accordance with written instructions provided by Caldera, the amount of two hundred eighty million dollars ($280,000,000), as full settlement of all claims or potential claims covered by this agreement […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Settlement+agreement+-+Microsoft+Corporation+and+Caldera%2C+Inc.+reach+agreement+to+settle+antitrust+lawsuit&rft.date=2000-01-07&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=Thomas+W.&rft.au=Sparks%2C+Bryan+Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groklaw.net%2Fpdf2%2FNovvMS-104-8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (NB. This document of the Caldera v. Microsoft case was an exhibit in the Novell v. Microsoft and <a href="/wiki/Comes_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Comes v. Microsoft">Comes v. Microsoft</a> cases.) </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_1996_UK-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1996_UK_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624232240/http://www.cdrex.com/caldera-uk-limited-1134037.html">"Basic information about company "Caldera (UK) Limited""</a>. Company Data Rex. 2001-07-01. Company Number 03252883. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdrex.com/caldera-uk-limited-1134037.html">the original</a> on 2017-06-24. Retrieved 2017-06-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basic+information+about+company+%22Caldera+%28UK%29+Limited%22&rft.pub=Company+Data+Rex&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdrex.com%2Fcaldera-uk-limited-1134037.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cebit_1998_Winglue-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cebit_1998_Winglue_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cebit_1998_Winglue_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLea1998" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Lea_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham Lea (journalist)">Lea, Graham</a> (1998-03-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624231328/https://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/1996865/cebit-caldera-windows-dr-dos-denying-ms-claims">"Cebit: Caldera shows Windows on DR-DOS, denying MS claims"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CeBIT" title="CeBIT">CeBIT</a> news. Hanover, Germany. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/1996865/cebit-caldera-windows-dr-dos-denying-ms-claims">the original</a> on 2017-06-24. Retrieved 2009-06-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cebit%3A+Caldera+shows+Windows+on+DR-DOS%2C+denying+MS+claims&rft.place=Hanover%2C+Germany&rft.date=1998-03-23&rft.aulast=Lea&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.v3.co.uk%2Fv3-uk%2Fnews%2F1996865%2Fcebit-caldera-windows-dr-dos-denying-ms-claims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lea_1998_Satellite-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lea_1998_Satellite_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lea_1998_Satellite_60-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLea1998" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Lea_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham Lea (journalist)">Lea, Graham</a> (1998-09-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/1998/09/28/caldera_s_dr_gets_onsatellite/">"Caldera's DR gets OnSatellite of love - Service to offer voice, email and smartie cards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822214838/https://www.theregister.co.uk/1998/09/28/caldera_s_dr_gets_onsatellite/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-22. Retrieved 2018-02-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Caldera%27s+DR+gets+OnSatellite+of+love+-+Service+to+offer+voice%2C+email+and+smartie+cards&rft.date=1998-09-28&rft.aulast=Lea&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F1998%2F09%2F28%2Fcaldera_s_dr_gets_onsatellite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schulman_2000_Dossier-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schulman_2000_Dossier_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schulman_2000_Dossier_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulman2000" class="citation web cs1">Schulman, Andrew (2000-02-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000819023434/http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/network/2000/02/07/schulman.html">"The Caldera v. Microsoft Dossier"</a>. <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Reilly Network">O'Reilly Network</a>. <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_and_Associates,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="O'Reilly and Associates, Inc.">O'Reilly and Associates, Inc.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/network/2000/02/07/schulman.html">the original</a> on 2000-08-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=O%27Reilly+Network&rft.atitle=The+Caldera+v.+Microsoft+Dossier&rft.date=2000-02-07&rft.aulast=Schulman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oreillynet.com%2Fpub%2Fa%2Fnetwork%2F2000%2F02%2F07%2Fschulman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Romano_1998_Winbolt-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Romano_1998_Winbolt_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomano1998" class="citation journal cs1">Romano, Mike (1998-09-17) [1998-09-16]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624231746/http://archive.seattleweekly.com/1998-09-16/news/the-mouse-that-roared/">"The mouse that roared. Forget the feds. It's up to an obscure Utah company to prove what we already know: that Microsoft is a monopoly"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Weekly" title="Seattle Weekly">Seattle Weekly</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/1998-09-16/news/the-mouse-that-roared/">the original</a> on 2017-06-24. Retrieved 2017-06-24. <q>Furthermore, Caldera claims that Microsoft's flagship product, <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, is nothing more than an "<a href="/wiki/Artificial_tie" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial tie">artificial tie</a>" between its MS-DOS operating system and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> graphic interface with no business justification other than to keep competing underlying operating systems—like Caldera's DR-DOS—off the market. To prove its point, Caldera will soon release a piece of demonstration software called "<a href="/wiki/WinBolt" class="mw-redirect" title="WinBolt">WinBolt</a>," which, it says, will allow users to install the Windows 95 interface atop DR-DOS. The demo will show, Caldera says, that there is no significant technological advancement, or justified business efficiency, to the combination of MS-DOS with Windows in Windows 95.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+mouse+that+roared.+Forget+the+feds.+It%27s+up+to+an+obscure+Utah+company+to+prove+what+we+already+know%3A+that+Microsoft+is+a+monopoly.&rft.date=1998-09-17&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattleweekly.com%2F1998-09-16%2Fnews%2Fthe-mouse-that-roared%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010211085804/http://www.seattleweekly.com/features/9837/features-romano.shtml">[11]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schulman_2000_Undoc-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Schulman_2000_Undoc_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulman2000" class="citation web cs1">Schulman, Andrew (2000-03-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000816174318/http://www.undoc.com/">"Undoc"</a>. Undoc.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undoc.com/">the original</a> on 2000-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Undoc.com&rft.atitle=Undoc&rft.date=2000-03-02&rft.aulast=Schulman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undoc.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2002_W4-64"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2002_W4_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2002" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2002-07-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/alt.os.free-dos/Cmyxty6vj-A/--5cpmEGDngJ">"Will Windows 3.1 work with DR-DOS 7.03?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:alt.os.free-dos">alt.os.free-dos</a>. Retrieved 2018-05-09. <q>[…] DR-DOS 7.03 is compatible with Windows and <a href="/wiki/Windows_for_Workgroups" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows for Workgroups">Windows for Workgroups</a> up to 3.xx (and internal versions of DR-DOS even with Windows 4.xx aka Windows 95/98/<a href="/wiki/Windows_98_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 98 SE">SE</a> […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+Windows+3.1+work+with+DR-DOS+7.03%3F&rft.pub=alt.os.free-dos&rft.date=2002-07-25&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Falt.os.free-dos%2FCmyxty6vj-A%2F--5cpmEGDngJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2002_RMD-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2002_RMD_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2002" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2002-04-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marc.info/?l=freedos-dev&m=101846072627263&w=4">"[fd-dev] HMA access from TSR"</a>. freedos-dev. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170909125117/https://marc.info/?l=freedos-dev&m=101846072627263&w=4">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-09. Retrieved 2017-09-09. <q>[…] <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_7.0" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 7.0">MS-DOS 7.0</a>+ […] introduced a […] for the most part undocumented RMD data structure usually located in the <a href="/wiki/High_memory_area" title="High memory area">HMA</a>. The kernel collects and records configuration and Real Mode Driver data during boot (type of driver, interrupts hooked by driver, <a href="/wiki/CONFIG.SYS" title="CONFIG.SYS">CONFIG.SYS</a> line of invocation, etc.) and stores this information in a […] complicated […] growing data structure. Presumably […] meant to be used by the Windows core to get a better picture of the loaded Real Mode drivers […] or even attempt to unhook or unload some of them, […] it is only used to a very limited extent ([…] some of the info reflected in the log files created on […] startup, and some parts of the […] configuration manager also make use of it), […] leaving room […] beyond the technical side […] because nothing of the interesting stuff is documented […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freedos-dev&rft.atitle=%5Bfd-dev%5D+HMA+access+from+TSR&rft.date=2002-04-10&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarc.info%2F%3Fl%3Dfreedos-dev%26m%3D101846072627263%26w%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2002_HMA7-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2002_HMA7_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2002" class="citation newsgroup cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (2002-08-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/de.comp.lang.assembler.x86/boKnIpqPl-Q/ZLDFDX9E1e0J">"Suche freien Speicherbereich unterhalb von 1 MB, der nicht von OS überschrieben wird"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:de.comp.lang.assembler.x86">de.comp.lang.assembler.x86</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170904001428/https://groups.google.com/forum/%23!msg/de.comp.lang.assembler.x86/boKnIpqPl-Q/ZLDFDX9E1e0J">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suche+freien+Speicherbereich+unterhalb+von+1+MB%2C+der+nicht+von+OS+%C3%BCberschrieben+wird&rft.pub=de.comp.lang.assembler.x86&rft.date=2002-08-13&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Fde.comp.lang.assembler.x86%2FboKnIpqPl-Q%2FZLDFDX9E1e0J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_1997_OD-A3-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_OD-A3_67-16">q</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (1997-10-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031004074600/http://www-student.informatik.uni-bonn.de/~frinke/ibmbioa3.zip">"Caldera OpenDOS 7.01/7.02 Update Alpha 3 IBMBIO.COM README.TXT"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-bonn.de/~uzs180/download/ibmbioa3.zip">the original</a> on 2003-10-04. Retrieved 2009-03-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caldera+OpenDOS+7.01%2F7.02+Update+Alpha+3+IBMBIO.COM+README.TXT&rft.date=1997-10-02&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-bonn.de%2F~uzs180%2Fdownload%2Fibmbioa3.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225154705/http://mirror.macintosharchive.org/max1zzz.co.uk/+Windows%20&%20DOS/DOS/System/Novell/Support/Bins/Op702src.zip">[12]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_1997_DOSSRC-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1997_DOSSRC_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1997_DOSSRC_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.sundby.com/retro/DR-DOS/dossrc.zip">"Caldera OpenDOS Machine Readable Source Kit (M.R.S) 7.01"</a>. Caldera, Inc. 1997-05-01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210807095409/https://archive.sundby.com/retro/DR-DOS/dossrc.zip">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-07. Retrieved 2022-01-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caldera+OpenDOS+Machine+Readable+Source+Kit+%28M.R.S%29+7.01&rft.pub=Caldera%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.sundby.com%2Fretro%2FDR-DOS%2Fdossrc.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220102102656/https://archive.sundby.com/retro/OpenDOS/OPENDOS_7.01_CODE.ZIP">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_1998_Doctor-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1998_Doctor_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19980205073857/http://www.caldera.com/dos/">"The Doctor Is Back!"</a>. Caldera. February 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caldera.com/dos/">the original</a> on 1998-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Doctor+Is+Back%21&rft.pub=Caldera&rft.date=1998-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caldera.com%2Fdos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_RBIL-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_RBIL_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_RBIL_70-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralf_D._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralf D. Brown">Ralf D. Brown</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ralf_Brown%27s_Interrupt_List" title="Ralf Brown's Interrupt List">Ralf Brown's Interrupt List</a>, INTER61 as of 2000-07-16 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ralf/files.html">[14]</a>), entry for DR-DOS version check under INT 21h/AH=4452h. </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2004_YESCHAR-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2004_YESCHAR_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2004_YESCHAR_71-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2004_YESCHAR_71-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2004_YESCHAR_71-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2004_YESCHAR_71-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2004_YESCHAR_71-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2004_YESCHAR_71-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2004" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2004-06-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190428181923/https://fidonet.ozzmosis.com/echomail.php/alt_dos/7e55a758c10339d0.html">"Re: Random Lockups with DR-DOS 7.03"</a>. opendos@delorie.com; <a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a> conference: ALT_DOS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fidonet.ozzmosis.com/echomail.php/alt_dos/7e55a758c10339d0.html">the original</a> on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 2019-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opendos%40delorie.com%3B+FidoNet+conference%3A+ALT_DOS&rft.atitle=Re%3A+Random+Lockups+with+DR-DOS+7.03&rft.date=2004-06-17&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffidonet.ozzmosis.com%2Fechomail.php%2Falt_dos%2F7e55a758c10339d0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20190501023752/http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/2004/06/17/07:47:11.1">[15]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20190428182007/http://www.fybertech.com/misc/qwkview/qwkview.pl?conf=3010">[16]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2004_COMMAND-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2004_COMMAND_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2004" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2004-06-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190428181749/https://fidonet.ozzmosis.com/echomail.php/alt_dos/e812a919c10339d0.html">"Re: Random Lockups with DR-DOS 7.03"</a>. opendos@delorie.com; FidoNet conference: ALT_DOS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fidonet.ozzmosis.com/echomail.php/alt_dos/e812a919c10339d0.html">the original</a> on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 2019-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opendos%40delorie.com%3B+FidoNet+conference%3A+ALT_DOS&rft.atitle=Re%3A+Random+Lockups+with+DR-DOS+7.03&rft.date=2004-06-17&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffidonet.ozzmosis.com%2Fechomail.php%2Falt_dos%2Fe812a919c10339d0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20190501023329/http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/2004/06/17/06:23:16">[17]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20190428182007/http://www.fybertech.com/misc/qwkview/qwkview.pl?conf=3010">[18]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2000_CONFIG-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2000_CONFIG_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2000_CONFIG_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2000_CONFIG_73-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2000_CONFIG_73-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2000_CONFIG_73-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2000_CONFIG_73-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2000_CONFIG_73-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2000" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2000-11-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/2000/11/22/11:09:09">"Optimizing CONFIG.SYS…"</a>. opendos@delorie.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190506023131/http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/2000/11/22/11:09:09">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2019-05-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opendos%40delorie.com&rft.atitle=Optimizing+CONFIG.SYS%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2000-11-22&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delorie.com%2Fopendos%2Farchives%2Fbrowse.cgi%3Fp%3Dopendos%2F2000%2F11%2F22%2F11%3A09%3A09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2004_CHAIN-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2004_CHAIN_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2004" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2004-06-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190428181843/https://fidonet.ozzmosis.com/echomail.php/alt_dos/f2b6d63fc10339d0.html">"Re: Random Lockups with DR-DOS 7.03"</a>. opendos@delorie.com; <a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a> conference: ALT_DOS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fidonet.ozzmosis.com/echomail.php/alt_dos/f2b6d63fc10339d0.html">the original</a> on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 2019-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opendos%40delorie.com%3B+FidoNet+conference%3A+ALT_DOS&rft.atitle=Re%3A+Random+Lockups+with+DR-DOS+7.03&rft.date=2004-06-17&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffidonet.ozzmosis.com%2Fechomail.php%2Falt_dos%2Ff2b6d63fc10339d0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20190501023518/http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/2004/06/17/07:47:11">[19]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20190428182007/http://www.fybertech.com/misc/qwkview/qwkview.pl?conf=3010">[20]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2000_Enhancements-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2000_Enhancements_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2000_Enhancements_75-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2000" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2000-01-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/2000/01/11/12:39:07">"Possible DR-DOS enhancements"</a>. www.delorie.com/opendos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420091325/http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos%2F2000%2F01%2F11%2F12%3A39%3A07">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-20. Retrieved 2019-04-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.delorie.com%2Fopendos&rft.atitle=Possible+DR-DOS+enhancements&rft.date=2000-01-11&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delorie.com%2Fopendos%2Farchives%2Fbrowse.cgi%3Fp%3Dopendos%2F2000%2F01%2F11%2F12%3A39%3A07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2001_COUNTRY-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2001_COUNTRY_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2001_COUNTRY_76-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2001_COUNTRY_76-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2001_COUNTRY_76-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2001_COUNTRY_76-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2001" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2001-06-10) [1995]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip">"DOS COUNTRY.SYS file format"</a> (COUNTRY.LST file) (1.44 ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-08-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOS+COUNTRY.SYS+file+format&rft.edition=1.44&rft.date=2001-06-10&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~em36%2Fwpdos%2FMatthiasPaulCPI.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2001_CPI-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2001_CPI_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2001" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2001-06-10) [1995]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip">"Format description of DOS, OS/2, and Windows NT .CPI, and Linux .CP files"</a> (CPI.LST file) (1.30 ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-08-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Format+description+of+DOS%2C+OS%2F2%2C+and+Windows+NT+.CPI%2C+and+Linux+.CP+files&rft.edition=1.30&rft.date=2001-06-10&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~em36%2Fwpdos%2FMatthiasPaulCPI.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2001_CODEPAGE-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2001_CODEPAGE_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2001" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2001-06-10) [1995]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip">"Overview on DOS, OS/2, and Windows codepages"</a> (CODEPAGE.LST file) (1.59 preliminary ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-08-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+on+DOS%2C+OS%2F2%2C+and+Windows+codepages&rft.edition=1.59+preliminary&rft.date=2001-06-10&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~em36%2Fwpdos%2FMatthiasPaulCPI.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_1998_NEW703-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1998_NEW703_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1998_NEW703_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1998_NEW703_79-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1998_NEW703_79-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1998_NEW703_79-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408142232/http://www.lookas.net/ftp/incoming/darbui/Justas/DRDOS/WHATSNEW.TXT">DR-DOS 7.03 WHATSNEW.TXT - Changes from DR-DOS 7.02 to DR-DOS 7.03</a>. Caldera, Inc. 1998-12-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lookas.net/ftp/incoming/darbui/Justas/DRDOS/WHATSNEW.TXT">the original</a> on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2019-04-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DR-DOS+7.03+WHATSNEW.TXT+-+Changes+from+DR-DOS+7.02+to+DR-DOS+7.03&rft.pub=Caldera%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1998-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lookas.net%2Fftp%2Fincoming%2Fdarbui%2FJustas%2FDRDOS%2FWHATSNEW.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (NB. The file states these changes were introduced with DR-DOS 7.03, however, many of them became actually available with updated 7.02 revisions already.) </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2001_IBMBIO85-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2001_IBMBIO85_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2001" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2001-11-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delorie.com/opendos//archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/2001/11/05/10:09:45">"QEMM OPTIMIZE and DR-DOS"</a>. OpenDOS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180511111713/http://www.delorie.com/opendos//archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos%2F2001%2F11%2F05%2F10%3A09%3A45">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-05-11. Retrieved 2018-05-11. <q>[…] FILES+FCBS […] are now grouped in 3 chunks while they were arranged in 2 chunks previously […] <a href="/wiki/QEMM" title="QEMM">QEMM</a>'s DOS-UP feature does not expect this […] This results in ca. 1 Kb less conventional memory than the theoretical possible maximum under QEMM […] I once wrote a patch (a DEBUG script named IBMBIO85.SCR […]) […] which will reenable the old handle memory layout. This will free even more conventional memory under DR-DOS, but causes serious compatibility problems with Windows 3.xx when the <a href="/wiki/FILESHIGH_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="FILESHIGH (CONFIG.SYS directive)">FILESHIGH=</a>, <a href="/wiki/FCBSHIGH_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="FCBSHIGH (CONFIG.SYS directive)">FCBSHIGH=</a>, or <a href="/wiki/DOS_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS (CONFIG.SYS directive)">DOS=</a>AUTO directives are used […] because it will leave only 5 handles in low memory in contrast to the 8 handles that are required for Windows to work properly due to an extremely dangerous hack on Microsoft's side to determine the size of the […] SFT structures (this is known as "CON CON CON CON CON" hack, because Windows opens CON five times and […] scans the first 512 Kb of memory for the "CON" string to measure the displacement […] something that could be easily fooled by just placing some "CON" strings in the […] memory image with incorrect offsets from each other […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenDOS&rft.atitle=QEMM+OPTIMIZE+and+DR-DOS&rft.date=2001-11-05&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delorie.com%2Fopendos%2F%2Farchives%2Fbrowse.cgi%3Fp%3Dopendos%2F2001%2F11%2F05%2F10%3A09%3A45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2001_IBMBIO85_106-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2001_IBMBIO85_106_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2001_IBMBIO85_106_81-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2001" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2001-11-28) [1997]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.os.msdos.desqview/M5dB_Ohs1Lo/swKOOswhwhEJ">"QEMM 8.xx and Linux"</a>. 1.06. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.os.msdos.desqview">comp.os.msdos.desqview</a>. Retrieved 2018-05-11. <q>[…] DR-DOS 7.04/7.05 (1999-08-19) […] --></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QEMM+8.xx+and+Linux&rft.series=1.06&rft.pub=comp.os.msdos.desqview&rft.date=2001-11-28&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Fcomp.os.msdos.desqview%2FM5dB_Ohs1Lo%2FswKOOswhwhEJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2003_IBMBIO85_108-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2003_IBMBIO85_108_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2003_IBMBIO85_108_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2003" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2003-01-06) [2003-01-04, 1997]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.os.msdos.misc/_fX3MxLub9Y/VW_O_2fvlt0J">"drdos + qemm = problems"</a>. 1.08. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.os.msdos.misc">comp.os.msdos.misc</a>. Retrieved 2018-05-11. <q>[…] DR-DOS 7.06 up to 1999-12-14 […] --></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=drdos+%2B+qemm+%3D+problems&rft.series=1.08&rft.pub=comp.os.msdos.misc&rft.date=2003-01-06&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Fcomp.os.msdos.misc%2F_fX3MxLub9Y%2FVW_O_2fvlt0J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones_2004-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_2004_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Jones" title="Pamela Jones">Jones, Pamela</a> (2004-02-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groklaw.net/articlebasic.php?story=20040229023446199">"Caldera, Inc./Caldera Systems, Inc. 1998 Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Groklaw" title="Groklaw">Groklaw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625191938/http://www.groklaw.net/articlebasic.php?story=20040229023446199">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-25. Retrieved 2017-05-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caldera%2C+Inc.%2FCaldera+Systems%2C+Inc.+1998+Asset+Purchase+and+Sale+Agreement&rft.pub=Groklaw&rft.date=2004-02-29&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groklaw.net%2Farticlebasic.php%3Fstory%3D20040229023446199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_1998_Subsidiaries-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1998_Subsidiaries_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldera1998" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Caldera_(company)" title="Caldera (company)">Caldera</a> (1998-09-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=15948">"Caldera Creates Two Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries"</a> (Press-release). <a href="/wiki/PRNewswire" class="mw-redirect" title="PRNewswire">PRNewswire</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624234105/http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/caldera-creates-two-wholly-owned-subsidiaries-156626585.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-24. Retrieved 2017-06-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caldera+Creates+Two+Wholly-Owned+Subsidiaries&rft.pub=PRNewswire&rft.date=1998-09-02&rft.au=Caldera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.co.uk%2Fcgi%2Fnews%2Frelease%3Fid%3D15948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2002_OEM-85"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2002_OEM_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2002" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2002-02-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/alt.msdos.programmer/MAv9LuYQjs8/HuYCph4KsQYJ">"Need DOS 6.22 (Not OEM)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:alt.msdos.programmer">alt.msdos.programmer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170909145248/https://groups.google.com/forum/%23!msg/alt.msdos.programmer/MAv9LuYQjs8/HuYCph4KsQYJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-09. Retrieved 2006-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Need+DOS+6.22+%28Not+OEM%29&rft.pub=alt.msdos.programmer&rft.date=2002-02-20&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Falt.msdos.programmer%2FMAv9LuYQjs8%2FHuYCph4KsQYJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2004_OEM-86"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2004_OEM_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2004" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2004-08-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124755/http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/win9x/NOVOLTRK.ZIP">"NOVOLTRK.REG"</a>. www.drdos.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/win9x/NOVOLTRK.ZIP">the original</a> on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-12-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.drdos.org&rft.atitle=NOVOLTRK.REG&rft.date=2004-08-25&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpub%2Fmicro%2Fpc-stuff%2Ffreedos%2Fwin9x%2FNOVOLTRK.ZIP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051111015142/http://public.www.planetmirror.com/pub/freedos/win9x/">[21]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richardson_1999_Ball-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richardson_1999_Ball_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richardson_1999_Ball_87-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richardson_1999_Ball_87-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall1999" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lyle_Ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyle Ball">Ball, Lyle</a> (1999-10-01) [1999-08-04]. Richardson, Marjorie "Margie" (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3656">"Interview: Lyle Ball, Lineo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Linux_Journal" title="Linux Journal">Linux Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213160947/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3656">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-12-13. Retrieved 2019-06-01. <q>[…] We […] have very deep experience with embedding DR DOS, and we've been making millions from that. So we are in a unique position: we are not a startup and we have funding. Our DOS product paid for all our <a href="/wiki/R%26D" class="mw-redirect" title="R&D">R&D</a> on embedded <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>. […] we are […] evolving our focus from an embedded DOS-only company to an <a href="/wiki/Embedded_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded Linux">embedded Linux</a> company. […] We are not killing our DOS product immediately; […] the market is not killing our DOS product. There is still a high demand for embedded DOS, and we will continue to sell and market it. However, there has been an increasing demand for embedded Linux. So we are shifting our focus and renaming the company to match our longer-term revenue stream, which will be Linux-based […] as the market has requested us to do […] We will keep selling both technologies during the transition. […] we spoke to our OEM companies—not just in the U.S., but around Europe and Asia—they were interested in our DOS solution and they would […] like to switch to Linux […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Linux+Journal&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Lyle+Ball%2C+Lineo&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxjournal.com%2Farticle%2F3656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins_2000-88"><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_2000_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsNii2000" class="citation web cs1">Collins, Lois M.; Nii, Jenifer (2000-01-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/2000/1/16/19486018/settlement-fuels-caldera-family-br-orem-company-is-settling-up-with-spinoffs-thriving">"Settlement fuels Caldera 'family' - Orem company is 'settling up' with spinoffs thriving"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20191130200831/https://www.deseret.com/2000/1/16/19486018/settlement-fuels-caldera-family-br-orem-company-is-settling-up-with-spinoffs-thriving">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-30. Retrieved 2019-11-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Settlement+fuels+Caldera+%27family%27+-+Orem+company+is+%27settling+up%27+with+spinoffs+thriving&rft.date=2000-01-16&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Lois+M.&rft.au=Nii%2C+Jenifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2F2000%2F1%2F16%2F19486018%2Fsettlement-fuels-caldera-family-br-orem-company-is-settling-up-with-spinoffs-thriving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lea_1999_UK-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lea_1999_UK_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lea_1999_UK_89-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLea1999" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Lea_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham Lea (journalist)">Lea, Graham</a> (1999-04-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/1999/04/27/caldera_closes_uk_thin_client/">"Caldera closes UK thin client development unit - Development being moved over to Utah"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625000425/https://www.theregister.co.uk/1999/04/27/caldera_closes_uk_thin_client/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-25. Retrieved 2017-06-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Caldera+closes+UK+thin+client+development+unit+-+Development+being+moved+over+to+Utah&rft.date=1999-04-27&rft.aulast=Lea&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F1999%2F04%2F27%2Fcaldera_closes_uk_thin_client%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldera_1999_Lineo-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1999_Lineo_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1999_Lineo_90-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1999_Lineo_90-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldera,_Inc.1999" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Caldera_(company)" title="Caldera (company)">Caldera, Inc.</a> (1999-07-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/lineoprl.html">"Embedded Linux moved to top priority at Lineo, Inc. formerly known as Caldera Thin Clients, Inc."</a> (press-release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625000805/http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/lineoprl.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-25. Retrieved 2017-06-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embedded+Linux+moved+to+top+priority+at+Lineo%2C+Inc.+formerly+known+as+Caldera+Thin+Clients%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1999-07-20&rft.au=Caldera%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maxframe.com%2FDR%2FInfo%2Ffullstory%2Flineoprl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-91"><a href="#cite_ref-History_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161125115620/http://www.freedos.org/technotes/press/2000-drdos-hist.txt">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freedos.org/freedos/news/press/2000-drdos-hist.txt">the original</a> on 2016-11-25. Retrieved 2008-08-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedos.org%2Ffreedos%2Fnews%2Fpress%2F2000-drdos-hist.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Moriy_autoexec-92"><a href="#cite_ref-Moriy_autoexec_92-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://drdos.moriy.com/files/autoexec.gif">http://drdos.moriy.com/files/autoexec.gif</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-moriy_config-93"><a href="#cite_ref-moriy_config_93-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://drdos.moriy.com/files/configsys.gif">http://drdos.moriy.com/files/configsys.gif</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-ct_2000-94"><a href="#cite_ref-ct_2000_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiedrichRabanus2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Diedrich, Oliver; Rabanus, Christian (2000-03-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heise.de/ct/artikel/Notaufnahme-287594.html">"Notaufnahme - Alle Daten futsch - was nun?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/C%27t_-_magazin_f%C3%BCr_computertechnik" class="mw-redirect" title="C't - magazin für computertechnik">c't - magazin für computertechnik</a> (in German). 2000 (6). <a href="/wiki/Heise_Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Heise Verlag">Heise Verlag</a>: 106+. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180513192906/https://www.heise.de/ct/artikel/Notaufnahme-287594.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-05-13. Retrieved 2018-05-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=c%27t+-+magazin+f%C3%BCr+computertechnik&rft.atitle=Notaufnahme+-+Alle+Daten+futsch+-+was+nun%3F&rft.volume=2000&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=106%2B&rft.date=2000-03-11&rft.aulast=Diedrich&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft.au=Rabanus%2C+Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heise.de%2Fct%2Fartikel%2FNotaufnahme-287594.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OnTrack_1999_ER-95"><a href="#cite_ref-OnTrack_1999_ER_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180826005202/http://mirror.macintosharchive.org/max1zzz.co.uk/+Windows%20%26%20DOS/DOS/System/Novell/Support/Bins/er32fre..txt">"EasyRecovery - Sophisticated Data Recovery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ontrack_Data_International,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Ontrack Data International, Inc.">Ontrack Data International, Inc.</a> 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mirror.macintosharchive.org/max1zzz.co.uk/+Windows%20&%20DOS/DOS/System/Novell/Support/Bins/er32fre..txt">the original</a> on 2018-08-26. Retrieved 2018-08-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EasyRecovery+-+Sophisticated+Data+Recovery&rft.pub=Ontrack+Data+International%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmirror.macintosharchive.org%2Fmax1zzz.co.uk%2F%2BWindows%2520%26%2520DOS%2FDOS%2FSystem%2FNovell%2FSupport%2FBins%2Fer32fre..txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180826005120/http://mirror.macintosharchive.org/max1zzz.co.uk/+Windows%20%26%20DOS/DOS/System/Novell/Support/Bins/er32fre.exe">[22]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-reimagery-96"><a href="#cite_ref-reimagery_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091104093748/http://reimagery.com/fsfd/os.htm#drdos45">"FREE SOFTWARE FOR DOS — Operating Systems"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reimagery.com/fsfd/os.htm#drdos45">the original</a> on 2009-11-04. Retrieved 2009-09-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FREE+SOFTWARE+FOR+DOS+%E2%80%94+Operating+Systems&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freimagery.com%2Ffsfd%2Fos.htm%23drdos45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-freedos-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-freedos_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-freedos_97-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100626202749/http://www.freedos.org/freedos/news/press/2005-drdos.txt">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freedos.org/freedos/news/press/2005-drdos.txt">the original</a> on 2010-06-26. Retrieved 2008-06-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedos.org%2Ffreedos%2Fnews%2Fpress%2F2005-drdos.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Buyout-98"><a href="#cite_ref-Buyout_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180603094951/http://drdos.com/products/dr-dos/dr-dos-buy-out/">"DR DOS Buy Out"</a>. DRDOS Embedded DOS. <a href="/wiki/DRDOS,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="DRDOS, Inc.">DRDOS, Inc.</a> 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drdos.com/products/dr-dos/dr-dos-buy-out/">the original</a> on 2018-06-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DRDOS+Embedded+DOS&rft.atitle=DR+DOS+Buy+Out&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrdos.com%2Fproducts%2Fdr-dos%2Fdr-dos-buy-out%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EDR-99"><a href="#cite_ref-EDR_99-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160706205139/http://www.drdosprojects.de/">Welcome to the DR-DOS/OpenDOS Enhancement Project!</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-edrdos_2023-100"><a href="#cite_ref-edrdos_2023_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/SvarDOS/edrdos">"Enhanced DR-DOS kernel and command interpreter"</a>. Retrieved 2024-10-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enhanced+DR-DOS+kernel+and+command+interpreter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FSvarDOS%2Fedrdos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN_101-14">o</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (1997-04-13) [1993-12-01]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/drdos6un.htm">Zusammenfassung der dokumentierten und undokumentierten Fähigkeiten von DR DOS 6.0</a> [Summary of documented and undocumented features of DR DOS 6.0]. MPDOSTIP. Release 60 (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011214458/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/drdos6un.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-11. Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zusammenfassung+der+dokumentierten+und+undokumentierten+F%C3%A4higkeiten+von+DR+DOS+6.0&rft.series=Release+60&rft.date=1997-04-13&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antonis.de%2Fdos%2Fdos-tuts%2Fmpdostip%2Fhtml%2Fdrdos6un.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152204/https://www.sac.sk/download/text/mpdostip.zip">[23]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-drdos6userguide-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-drdos6userguide_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-drdos6userguide_102-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-drdos6userguide_102-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930135943/http://www.4corn.co.uk/archive/docs/DR%20DOS%206.0%20User%20Guide-opt.pdf">DR DOS 6.0 User Guide Optimisation and Configuration Tips</a> (PDF) (3 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> February 1992. 10005695 0045-5424. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.4corn.co.uk/archive/docs/DR%20DOS%206.0%20User%20Guide-opt.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DR+DOS+6.0+User+Guide+Optimisation+and+Configuration+Tips&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1992-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.4corn.co.uk%2Farchive%2Fdocs%2FDR%2520DOS%25206.0%2520User%2520Guide-opt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (NB. Licensed from <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> to <a href="/wiki/Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn</a>.) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research,_Inc.1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> (1990). DR DOS 5.0 Retail box with lid. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> Part Number 1176-6114-001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DR+DOS+5.0+Retail+box+with+lid&rft.pub=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research,_Inc.1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> (May 1990). DR DOS 5.0 User Guide (1 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> Part Number 1176-2004-002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DR+DOS+5.0+User+Guide&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1990-05&rft.au=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (501 pages)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research,_Inc.1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> (May 1990). ViewMAX User Guide (1 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> Part Number: 1174-2004-002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ViewMAX+User+Guide&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1990-05&rft.au=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (88 pages)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research,_Inc.1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> (August 1990). DR DOS 5.0 Release Notes. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> Part Number: 1176-1001-002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DR+DOS+5.0+Release+Notes&rft.pub=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1990-08&rft.au=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (11 pages)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research,_Inc.1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> (August 1991). DR DOS 6.0 Software performance report. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> Part No. 000-1200-00.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DR+DOS+6.0+Software+performance+report&rft.pub=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1991-08&rft.au=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (A5 – 1 fold)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research,_Inc.1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> (August 1991). DR DOS 6.0 User Guide (2 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> Part Number. 1182-2004-002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DR+DOS+6.0+User+Guide&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1991-08&rft.au=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (698 pages)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Research,_Inc.1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> (August 1991). ViewMAX User Guide (2 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> Part Number. 1192-2054-002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ViewMAX+User+Guide&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1991-08&rft.au=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"> (106 pages)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovell_Desktop_Systems_Group1993" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Novell_Desktop_Systems_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell Desktop Systems Group">Novell Desktop Systems Group</a> (1993-01-07) [1992]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcorner.com/list/AOS/DRTIPS.ZIP/INFO/">"DRTIPS.ZIP"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> / Novell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180912215956/https://www.pcorner.com/list/AOS/DRTIPS.ZIP/INFO/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-12. Retrieved 2018-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DRTIPS.ZIP&rft.pub=Digital+Research+%2F+Novell&rft.date=1993-01-07&rft.au=Novell+Desktop+Systems+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcorner.com%2Flist%2FAOS%2FDRTIPS.ZIP%2FINFO%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADR-DOS" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DR-DOS&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180705033720/http://drdos.com/">Official website</a> (archived snapshot as of 2018-07-05)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160706205139/http://www.drdosprojects.de/">Enhanced DR-DOS/OpenDOS Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821031854/http://www.drdos.com/dosdoc/">DR-DOS 7 online manual</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drdos.org">DR-DOS Wiki</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Kildall" title="Gary Kildall">Gary Kildall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_McEwen_Kildall" title="Dorothy McEwen Kildall">Dorothy McEwen Kildall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Eubanks" title="Gordon Eubanks">Gordon Eubanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Rolander" title="Tom Rolander">Tom Rolander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Strutynski" title="Kathryn Strutynski">Kathryn Strutynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._McCracken" title="Edward R. McCracken">Edward R. 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPMulator" title="CPMulator">CPMulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_project" title="Star Trek project">Star Trek project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computers_running_CP/M" title="List of computers running CP/M">List of computers running CP/M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template talk:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Disk_operating_systems_(DOS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">Disk operating systems</a> (DOS)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS, compatible systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*API_*Timeline_*Comparison_*Commands_*Games"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOS_API" title="DOS API">API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Timeline of DOS operating systems">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Comparison of DOS operating systems">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_DOS_games" title="Index of DOS games">Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_4.0_(multitasking)" title="MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking)">Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/V" title="DOS/V">DOS/V</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="H-DOS">H-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROM-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="ROM-DOS">ROM-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SISNE_plus" title="SISNE plus">SISNE plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTS-DOS" title="PTS-DOS">PTS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_4680_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 4680 OS">4680 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4690_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="4690 OS">4690 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADOS_(Russian_operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="ADOS (Russian operating system)">ADOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86">Concurrent CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS">Concurrent DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/K" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/K">CP/K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datapac_System_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Datapac System Manager">Datapac System Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K8918-OS" class="mw-redirect" title="K8918-OS">K8918-OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86">MP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_PalmDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="NetWare PalmDOS">NetWare PalmDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDOS">OpenDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-MOS/386" title="PC-MOS/386">PC-MOS/386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REAL/32" class="mw-redirect" title="REAL/32">REAL/32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-86" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-86">SB-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCP1700" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP1700">SCP1700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towns_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Towns OS">Towns OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaDOS" title="AmigaDOS">AmigaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMSDOS" title="AMSDOS">AMSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANDOS" title="ANDOS">ANDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">Apple ProDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" title="Apple SOS">Apple SOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_DOS" title="Atari DOS">Atari DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_TOS" title="Atari TOS">Atari TOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="BW-DOS">BW-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_DOS" title="Commodore DOS">Commodore DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_68K" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 68K">Concurrent DOS 68K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_V60" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS V60">Concurrent DOS V60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromemco_DOS" title="Cromemco DOS">Cromemco DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSI-DOS" title="CSI-DOS">CSI-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_BATCH-11/DOS-11" title="DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11">DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIP_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DIP DOS">DIP DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/360" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS/360">DOS/360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_XL" title="DOS XL">DOS XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edos" title="Edos">Edos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOS_(8-bit_operating_system)" title="EOS (8-bit operating system)">EOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLEX_(operating_system)" title="FLEX (operating system)">FLEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEMDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="GEMDOS">GEMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEDOS" title="IDEDOS">IDEDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDOS" title="IMDOS">IMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-DOS" title="IS-DOS">iS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_(operating_system)" title="ISIS (operating system)">ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myarc_Disk_Operating_System" title="Myarc Disk Operating System">MDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RCA_MicroDOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCA MicroDOS (page does not exist)">MicroDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M" title="MP/M">MP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="MyDOS">MyDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewDos/80" title="NewDos/80">NewDos/80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/M" class="mw-redirect" title="OS/M">OS/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTDOS" title="PTDOS">PTDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="RealDOS">RealDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-80" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-80">SB-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_User_Control_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Single User Control Program">SCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QDOS" title="Sinclair QDOS">Sinclair QDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_General_RDOS" title="Data General RDOS">RDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SmartDOS">SmartDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SpartaDOS">SpartaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS_X" title="SpartaDOS X">SpartaDOS X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Support_SuperDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical Support SuperDOS">Technical Support SuperDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-DOS">Top-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-DOS" title="TR-DOS">TR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRSDOS" title="TRSDOS">TRSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="UDOS">UDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-DOS" title="Z-DOS">Z-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z80-RIO" title="Z80-RIO">Z80-RIO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Disk_operating_systems" title="Category:Disk operating systems">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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