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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Melissa Beck Wells</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Melissa Beck Wells"> <meta name="keywords" content="Melissa Beck Wells"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Melissa Beck Wells"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 578</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Melissa Beck Wells</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">398</span> Hg Anomalies and Soil Temperature Distribution to Delineate Upflow and Outflow Zone in Bittuang Geothermal Prospect Area, south Sulawesi, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adhitya%20Mangala">Adhitya Mangala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yobel"> Yobel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bittuang geothermal prospect area located at Tana Toraja district, South Sulawesi. The geothermal system of the area related to Karua Volcano eruption product. This area has surface manifestation such as fumarole, hot springs, sinter silica and mineral alteration. Those prove that there are hydrothermal activities in the subsurface. However, the project and development of the area have not implemented yet. One of the important elements in geothermal exploration is to determine upflow and outflow zone. This information very useful to identify the target for geothermal wells and development which it is a risky task. The methods used in this research were Mercury (Hg) anomalies in soil, soil and manifestation temperature distribution and fault fracture density from 93 km² research area. Hg anomalies performed to determine the distribution of hydrothermal alteration. Soil and manifestation temperature distribution were conducted to estimate heat distribution. Fault fracture density (FFD) useful to determine fracture intensity and trend from surface observation. Those deliver Hg anomaly map, soil and manifestation temperature map that combined overlayed to fault fracture density map and geological map. Then, the conceptual model made from north – south, and east – west cross section to delineate upflow and outflow zone in this area. The result shows that upflow zone located in northern – northeastern of the research area with the increase of elevation and decrease of Hg anomalies and soil temperature. The outflow zone located in southern - southeastern of the research area which characterized by chloride, chloride - bicarbonate geothermal fluid type, higher soil temperature, and Hg anomalies. The range of soil temperature distribution from 16 – 19 °C in upflow and 19 – 26.5 °C in the outflow. The range of Hg from 0 – 200 ppb in upflow and 200 – 520 ppb in the outflow. Structural control of the area show northwest – southeast trend. The boundary between upflow and outflow zone in 1550 – 1650 m elevation. This research delivers the conceptual model with innovative methods that useful to identify a target for geothermal wells, project, and development in Bittuang geothermal prospect area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bittuang%20geothermal%20prospect%20area" title="Bittuang geothermal prospect area">Bittuang geothermal prospect area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hg%20anomalies" title=" Hg anomalies"> Hg anomalies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20temperature" title=" soil temperature"> soil temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upflow%20and%20outflow%20zone" title=" upflow and outflow zone"> upflow and outflow zone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72738/hg-anomalies-and-soil-temperature-distribution-to-delineate-upflow-and-outflow-zone-in-bittuang-geothermal-prospect-area-south-sulawesi-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">397</span> Health Risk Assessment from Potable Water Containing Tritium and Heavy Metals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20A.%20Momot">Olga A. Momot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boris%20I.%20Synzynys"> Boris I. Synzynys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alla%20A.%20Oudalova"> Alla A. Oudalova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obninsk is situated in the Kaluga region 100 km southwest of Moscow on the left bank of the Protva River. Several enterprises utilizing nuclear energy are operating in the town. A special attention in the region where radiation-hazardous facilities are located has traditionally been paid to radioactive gas and aerosol releases into the atmosphere; liquid waste discharges into the Protva river and groundwater pollution. Municipal intakes involve 34 wells arranged 15 km apart in a sequence north-south along the foot of the left slope of the Protva river valley. Northern and southern water intakes are upstream and downstream of the town, respectively. They belong to river valley intakes with mixed feeding, i.e. precipitation infiltration is responsible for a smaller part of groundwater, and a greater amount is being formed by overflowing from Protva. Water intakes are maintained by the Protva river runoff, the volume of which depends on the precipitation fallen out and watershed area. Groundwater contamination with tritium was first detected in a sanitary-protective zone of the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (SRC-IPPE) by Roshydromet researchers when realizing the “Program of radiological monitoring in the territory of nuclear industry enterprises”. A comprehensive survey of the SRC-IPPE’s industrial site and adjacent territories has revealed that research nuclear reactors and accelerators where tritium targets are applied as well as radioactive waste storages could be considered as potential sources of technogenic tritium. All the above sources are located within the sanitary controlled area of intakes. Tritium activity in water of springs and wells near the SRC-IPPE is about 17.4 – 3200 Bq/l. The observed values of tritium activity are below the intervention levels (7600 Bq/l for inorganic compounds and 3300 Bq/l for organically bound tritium). The risk has being assessed to estimate possible effect of considered tritium concentrations on human health. Data on tritium concentrations in pipe-line drinking water were used for calculations. The activity of 3H amounted to 10.6 Bq/l and corresponded to the risk of such water consumption of ~ 3·10-7 year-1. The risk value given in magnitude is close to the individual annual death risk for population living near a NPP – 1.6·10-8 year-1 and at the same time corresponds to the level of tolerable risk (10-6) and falls within “risk optimization”, i.e. in the sphere for planning the economically sound measures on exposure risk reduction. To estimate the chemical risk, physical and chemical analysis was made of waters from all springs and wells near the SRC-IPPE. Chemical risk from groundwater contamination was estimated according to the EPA US guidance. The risk of carcinogenic diseases at a drinking water consumption amounts to 5·10-5. According to the classification accepted the health risk in case of spring water consumption is inadmissible. The compared assessments of risk associated with tritium exposure, on the one hand, and the dangerous chemical (e.g. heavy metals) contamination of Obninsk drinking water, on the other hand, have confirmed that just these chemical pollutants are responsible for health risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation-hazardous%20facilities" title="radiation-hazardous facilities">radiation-hazardous facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20intakes" title=" water intakes"> water intakes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tritium" title=" tritium"> tritium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk" title=" health risk"> health risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65680/health-risk-assessment-from-potable-water-containing-tritium-and-heavy-metals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">396</span> Weathering of a Calcarenite Stone in the Archaeological Site of Volubilis – Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issam%20Aalil">Issam Aalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Beck"> Kevin Beck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Cherkaoui"> Khalid Cherkaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xavier%20Brunetaud"> Xavier Brunetaud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Chaaba"> Ali Chaaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muzahim%20Al-Mukhtar"> Muzahim Al-Mukhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Volubilis is the most important archaeological site in Morocco. It was founded in the 3rd century B.C about thirty kilometres north of Meknes and has been registered on the UNESCO World Heritage list since 1997. The site is located in a region where reigns the semi-arid continental climate, characterized by strong thermal amplitudes. A beige-yellowish calcarenite limestone is the most largely used on Volubilis site, representing about 60% of the total volume of building stones. This limestone is mainly affected by scaling and sanding according to field observations. In order to preserve monuments of this site, characterization of calcarenite weathering is essential. This work aims at investigating the nature of the dominant weathering. For this goal, mineralogical compositions of deteriorated and fresh samples are compared. Besides, the risk of damage by thermal stresses is estimated. The results of this study show that there is no major difference observed between the mineralogy of the fresh and weathered calcarenite samples. Otherwise, thermal stresses may have an important role in the weathering of calcarenite limestone by fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterisation" title="characterisation">characterisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone" title=" stone"> stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stresses" title=" thermal stresses"> thermal stresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volubilis" title=" Volubilis"> Volubilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weathering" title=" weathering"> weathering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32690/weathering-of-a-calcarenite-stone-in-the-archaeological-site-of-volubilis-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">395</span> Student Perceptions of Defense Acquisition University Courses: An Explanatory Data Collection Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20C.%20LaDuke">Melissa C. LaDuke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The overarching purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the current format of online delivery for Defense Acquisition University (DAU) courses and Air Force Acquisition (AFA) personnel participation. AFA personnel (hereafter named “student”) were particularly of interest, as they have been mandated to take anywhere from 3 to 30 online courses to earn various DAU specialization certifications. Participants in this qualitative case study were AFA personnel who pursued DAU certifications in science and technology management, program/contract management, and other related fields. Air Force personnel were interviewed about their experiences with online courses. The data gathered were analyzed and grouped into 12 major themes. The themes tied into the theoretical framework and spoke to either teacher-centered or student-centered educational practices within Defense Acquisitions University. Based on the results of the data analysis, various factors contributed to student perceptions of DAU courses, including the online course construct and relevance to their job. The analysis also found students want to learn the information presented but would like to be able to apply the information learned in meaningful ways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20theory" title="educational theory">educational theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-based%20training" title=" computer-based training"> computer-based training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interview" title=" interview"> interview</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20perceptions" title=" student perceptions"> student perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20course%20design" title=" online course design"> online course design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20positionality" title=" teacher positionality"> teacher positionality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158362/student-perceptions-of-defense-acquisition-university-courses-an-explanatory-data-collection-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">394</span> Horizontal Stress Magnitudes Using Poroelastic Model in Upper Assam Basin, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenifer%20Alam">Jenifer Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rima%20Chatterjee"> Rima Chatterjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Upper Assam sedimentary basin is one of the oldest commercially producing basins of India. Being in a tectonically active zone, estimation of tectonic strain and stress magnitudes has vast application in hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. This East North East –West South West trending shelf-slope basin encompasses the Bramhaputra valley extending from Mikir Hills in the southwest to the Naga foothills in the northeast. Assam Shelf lying between the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Naga Thrust area is comparatively free from thrust tectonics and depicts normal faulting mechanism. The study area is bounded by the MBT and Main Central Thrust in the northwest. The Belt of Schuppen in the southeast, is bordered by Naga and Disang thrust marking the lower limit of the study area. The entire Assam basin shows low-level seismicity compared to other regions of northeast India. Pore pressure (PP), vertical stress magnitude (SV) and horizontal stress magnitudes have been estimated from two wells - N1 and T1 located in Upper Assam. N1 is located in the Assam gap below the Bramhaputra river while T1, lies in the Belt of Schuppen. N1 penetrates geological formations from top Alluvial through Dhekiajuli, Girujan, Tipam, Barail, Kopili, Sylhet and Langpur to the granitic basement while T1 in trusted zone crosses through Girujan Suprathrust, Tipam Suprathrust, Barail Suprathrust to reach Naga Thrust. Normal compaction trend is drawn through shale points through both wells for estimation of PP using the conventional Eaton sonic equation with an exponent of 1.0 which is validated with Modular Dynamic Tester and mud weight. Observed pore pressure gradient ranges from 10.3 MPa/km to 11.1 MPa/km. The SV has a gradient from 22.20 to 23.80 MPa/km. Minimum and maximum horizontal principal stress (Sh and SH) magnitudes under isotropic conditions are determined using poroelastic model. This approach determines biaxial tectonic strain utilizing static Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, SV, PP, leak off test (LOT) and SH derived from breakouts using prior information on unconfined compressive strength. Breakout derived SH information is used for obtaining tectonic strain due to lack of measured SH data from minifrac or hydrofracturing. Tectonic strain varies from 0.00055 to 0.00096 along x direction and from -0.0010 to 0.00042 along y direction. After obtaining tectonic strains at each well, the principal horizontal stress magnitudes are calculated from linear poroelastic model. The magnitude of Sh and SH gradient in normal faulting region are 12.5 and 16.0 MPa/km while in thrust faulted region the gradients are 17.4 and 20.2 MPa/km respectively. Model predicted Sh and SH matches well with the LOT data and breakout derived SH data in both wells. It is observed from this study that the stresses SV>SH>Sh prevailing in the shelf region while near the Naga foothills the regime changes to SH≈SV>Sh area corresponds to normal faulting regime. Hence this model is a reliable tool for predicting stress magnitudes from well logs under active tectonic regime in Upper Assam Basin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eaton" title="Eaton">Eaton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poroelastic%20model" title=" poroelastic model"> poroelastic model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80706/horizontal-stress-magnitudes-using-poroelastic-model-in-upper-assam-basin-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">393</span> Mental Health of Caregivers in Public Hospital Intensive Care Department: A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamia%20Bouzgarrou">Lamia Bouzgarrou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Omrane"> Amira Omrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naima%20Bouatay"> Naima Bouatay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaima%20Harrathi"> Chaima Harrathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Machroughl"> Samia Machroughl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mhalla"> Ahmed Mhalla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aims: Professionals of health care sector are exposed to psychosocial constraints like stress, harassment, violence, which can lead to many mental health problems such as, depression, addictive behavior, and burn-out. Moreover, it’s well established that caregivers affected to intensive care units are more likely to experience such constraints and mental health problems. For these caregivers, the mental health state may affect care quality and patient’s safety. This study aims either to identify occupational psychosocial constraints and their mental health consequences among paramedical and medical caregivers affected to intensive units in Tunisian public hospital. Methods: An exhaustive three months cross-sectional study conducted among medical and paramedical staffs of intensive care units in three Tunisian university hospitals. After informed consent collection, we evaluated work-related stress, workplace harassment, depression, anxious troubles, addictive behavior, and self-esteems through an anonymous self-completed inquiry form. Five validated questionnaires and scales were included in this form: Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire, Negative Acts Questionnaire, Rosenberg, Beck depression inventory and Hamilton Anxiety scale. Results: We included 129 intensive unit caregivers; with a mean age of 36.1 ± 1.1 years and a sex ratio of 0.58. Among these caregivers, 30% were specialist or under-specialization doctors. The average seniority in the intensive care was 6.1 ± 1.2 (extremes=1 to 40 years). Atypical working schedules were noted among 36.7% of the subjects with an imposed choice in 52.4% of cases. During the last 12 months preceding the survey, 51.7% of care workers were absent from work because of a health problem with stops exceeding 15 days in 11.7%. Job strain was objective among 15% of caregivers and 38.33% of them were victims of moral harassment. A low or very low self-esteem was noted among 40% of respondents. Moreover, active smoking was reported by 20% subjects, alcohol consumption by 13.3% and psychotropic substance use by 1.7% of them. According to Beck inventory and Hamilton Anxiety scale, we concluded that 61.7% of intensive care providers were depressed, with 'severe' depression in 13.3% of cases and 49.9% of them present anxious disorders. Multivariate analysis objective that, job strain was correlated with young age (p=0.005) and shorter work seniority (p=0.001). Workplace and moral harassment was more prevalent among females (p=0.009), under-specialization doctor (p=0.021), those affected to atypical schedules (p=0.008). Concerning depression, it was more prevalent among staff in job strain situation (p = 0.004), among smokers caregivers (p = 0.048), and those with no leisure activity (p < 0.001). Anxious disorders were positively correlated to chronic diseases history (p = 0.001) and work-bullying exposure (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Our findings reflected a high frequency of caregivers who are under stress at work and those who are victims of moral harassment. These health professionals were at increased risk for developing psychiatric illness such depressive and anxious disorders and addictive behavior. Our results suggest the necessity of preventive strategies of occupational psychosocial constraints in order to preserve professional’s mental health and maximize patient safety and quality of care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care%20sector" title="health care sector">health care sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensive%20care%20units" title=" intensive care units"> intensive care units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychosocial%20constraints" title=" psychosocial constraints"> psychosocial constraints</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96461/mental-health-of-caregivers-in-public-hospital-intensive-care-department-a-multicentric-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">392</span> Delineation of Subsurface Tectonic Structures Using Gravity, Magnetic and Geological Data, in the Sarir-Hameimat Arm of the Sirt Basin, NE Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abdalla%20Saleem">Mohamed Abdalla Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Ellafi"> Hana Ellafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study area is located in the eastern part of the Sirt Basin, in the Sarir-Hameimat arm of the basin, south of Amal High. The area covers the northern part of the Hamemat Trough and the Rakb High. All of these tectonic elements are part of the major and common tectonics that were created when the old Sirt Arch collapsed, and most of them are trending NW-SE. This study has been conducted to investigate the subsurface structures and the sedimentology characterization of the area and attempt to define its development tectonically and stratigraphically. About 7600 land gravity measurements, 22500 gridded magnetic data, and petrographic core data from some wells were used to investigate the subsurface structural features both vertically and laterally. A third-order separation of the regional trends from the original Bouguer gravity data has been chosen. The residual gravity map reveals a significant number of high anomalies distributed in the area, separated by a group of thick sediment centers. The reduction to the pole magnetic map also shows nearly the same major trends and anomalies in the area. Applying the further interpretation filters reveals that these high anomalies are sourced from different depth levels; some are deep-rooted, and others are intruded igneous bodies within the sediment layers. The petrographic sedimentology study for some wells in the area confirmed the presence of these igneous bodies and defined their composition as most likely to be gabbro hosted by marine shale layers. Depth investigation of these anomalies by the average depth spectrum shows that the average basement depth is about 7.7 km, while the top of the intrusions is about 2.65 km, and some near-surface magnetic sources are about 1.86 km. The depth values of the magnetic anomalies and their location were estimated specifically using the 3D Euler deconvolution technique. The obtained results suggest that the maximum depth of the sources is about 4938m. The total horizontal gradient of the magnetic data shows that the trends are mostly extending NW-SE, others are NE-SW, and a third group has an N-S extension. This variety in trend direction shows that the area experienced different tectonic regimes throughout its geological history. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sirt%20basin" title="sirt basin">sirt basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonics" title=" tectonics"> tectonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity" title=" gravity"> gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic" title=" magnetic"> magnetic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177510/delineation-of-subsurface-tectonic-structures-using-gravity-magnetic-and-geological-data-in-the-sarir-hameimat-arm-of-the-sirt-basin-ne-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">391</span> The Impact of Government Subsidies to Keep Residents Studying at Home</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20James%20Maceachern">Melissa James Maceachern</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines a financial aid program that is designed to “keep residents at home” to attend higher education by providing financial aid as an incentive or discount in their first year of university following high school graduation. This study offers insight into financial matters for higher education students that can assist in providing policy direction for student financing. In particular, this study found that students appeared to value the bursary but none of the key metrics related to participation or conversion to the home institution indicated that the bursary impacted enrolment or participation. One key metric, student loans received by direct entry high school students did indicate a decline in the number of recipients. This study also identified accessibility issues to higher education that are of importance when considering the declining youth populations, future labour market needs and the need to sustain higher education institutions. This is undoubtedly a challenging period of time given the changing social and demographic forces within Canada. A comprehensive examination of the policy and programs to address these forces needs to be undertaken. This study highlights the importance of utilizing financial aid in combination with other policy to assist students in accessing higher education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title="accessibility">accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financing" title=" financing"> financing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government" title=" government"> government</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32036/the-impact-of-government-subsidies-to-keep-residents-studying-at-home" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">390</span> Statistical Correlation between Logging-While-Drilling Measurements and Wireline Caliper Logs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rima%20T.%20Alfaraj">Rima T. Alfaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murtadha%20J.%20Al%20Tammar"> Murtadha J. Al Tammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaqan%20Khan"> Khaqan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20M.%20Alruwaili"> Khalid M. Alruwaili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> OBJECTIVE/SCOPE (25-75): Caliper logging data provides critical information about wellbore shape and deformations, such as stress-induced borehole breakouts or washouts. Multiarm mechanical caliper logs are often run using wireline, which can be time-consuming, costly, and/or challenging to run in certain formations. To minimize rig time and improve operational safety, it is valuable to develop analytical solutions that can estimate caliper logs using available Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) data without the need to run wireline caliper logs. As a first step, the objective of this paper is to perform statistical analysis using an extensive datasetto identify important physical parameters that should be considered in developing such analytical solutions. METHODS, PROCEDURES, PROCESS (75-100): Caliper logs and LWD data of eleven wells, with a total of more than 80,000 data points, were obtained and imported into a data analytics software for analysis. Several parameters were selected to test the relationship of the parameters with the measured maximum and minimum caliper logs. These parameters includegamma ray, porosity, shear, and compressional sonic velocities, bulk densities, and azimuthal density. The data of the eleven wells were first visualized and cleaned.Using the analytics software, several analyses were then preformed, including the computation of Pearson’s correlation coefficients to show the statistical relationship between the selected parameters and the caliper logs. RESULTS, OBSERVATIONS, CONCLUSIONS (100-200): The results of this statistical analysis showed that some parameters show good correlation to the caliper log data. For instance, the bulk density and azimuthal directional densities showedPearson’s correlation coefficients in the range of 0.39 and 0.57, which wererelatively high when comparedto the correlation coefficients of caliper data with other parameters. Other parameters such as porosity exhibited extremely low correlation coefficients to the caliper data. Various crossplots and visualizations of the data were also demonstrated to gain further insights from the field data. NOVEL/ADDITIVE INFORMATION (25-75): This study offers a unique and novel look into the relative importance and correlation between different LWD measurements and wireline caliper logs via an extensive dataset. The results pave the way for a more informed development of new analytical solutions for estimating the size and shape of the wellbore in real-time while drilling using LWD data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LWD%20measurements" title="LWD measurements">LWD measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caliper%20log" title=" caliper log"> caliper log</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlations" title=" correlations"> correlations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144426/statistical-correlation-between-logging-while-drilling-measurements-and-wireline-caliper-logs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">389</span> Engineering the Topological Insulator Structures for Terahertz Detectors </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Marchewka">M. Marchewka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article is devoted to the possible optical transitions in double quantum wells system based on HgTe/HgCd(Mn)Te heterostructures. Such structures can find applications as detectors and sources of radiation in the terahertz range. The Double Quantum Wells (DQW) systems consist of two QWs separated by the transparent for electrons barrier. Such systems look promising from the point of view of the additional degrees of freedom. In the case of the topological insulator in about 6.4nm wide HgTe QW or strained 3D HgTe films at the interfaces, the topologically protected surface states appear at the interfaces/surfaces. Electrons in those edge states move along the interfaces/surfaces without backscattering due to time-reversal symmetry. Combination of the topological properties, which was already verified by the experimental way, together with the very well know properties of the DQWs, can be very interesting from the applications point of view, especially in the THz area. It is important that at the present stage, the technology makes it possible to create high-quality structures of this type, and intensive experimental and theoretical studies of their properties are already underway. The idea presented in this paper is based on the eight-band KP model, including the additional terms related to the structural inversion asymmetry, interfaces inversion asymmetry, the influence of the magnetically content, and the uniaxial strain describe the full pictures of the possible real structure. All of this term, together with the external electric field, can be sources of breaking symmetry in investigated materials. Using the 8 band KP model, we investigated the electronic shape structure with and without magnetic field from the application point of view as a THz detector in a small magnetic field (below 2T). We believe that such structures are the way to get the tunable topological insulators and the multilayer topological insulator. Using the one-dimensional electrons at the topologically protected interface states as fast and collision-free signal carriers as charge and signal carriers, the detection of the optical signal should be fast, which is very important in the high-resolution detection of signals in the THz range. The proposed engineering of the investigated structures is now one of the important steps on the way to get the proper structures with predicted properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20insulator" title="topological insulator">topological insulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THz%20spectroscopy" title=" THz spectroscopy"> THz spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KP%20model" title=" KP model"> KP model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=II-VI%20compounds" title=" II-VI compounds"> II-VI compounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133465/engineering-the-topological-insulator-structures-for-terahertz-detectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">388</span> Development of Corn (Zea mays L.) Stalk Geotextile Net for Soil Erosion Mitigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20S.%20Decano">Cristina S. Decano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitaliana%20U.%20Malamug"> Vitaliana U. Malamug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20E.%20Agulto"> Melissa E. Agulto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20F.%20Gavino"> Helen F. Gavino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to introduce new natural fiber to be used in the production of geotextile net for mitigation of soil erosion. Fiber extraction from the stalks was the main challenge faced during the processing of stalks to ropes. Thus, an investigation on the extraction procedures of corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) stalk under biological and chemical retting was undertaken. Results indicated significant differences among percent fiber yield as affected by the retting methods used with values of 15.07%, 12.97%, 11.60%, and 9.01%, for dew, water, chemical (1 day after harvest and15 days after harvest), respectively, with the corresponding average extracting duration of 70, 82, 89, and 94 minutes. Physical characterization of the developed corn stalk geotextile net resulted to average mass per unit area of 806.25 g/m<sup>2</sup> and 241% water absorbing capacity. The effect of corn stalk geotextile net in mitigating soil erosion was evaluated in a laboratory experiment for 30<sup>o</sup> and 60<sup>o</sup> inclinations with three treatments: bare soil (A<sub>1</sub>), corn stalk geotextile net (A<sub>2</sub>) and combined cornstalk geotextile net and vegetation cover (A<sub>3</sub>). Results revealed that treatment A<sub>2 </sub>and A<sub>3</sub> significantly decreased sediment yield and an increase in terms of soil loss reduction efficiency. The cost of corn stalk geotextile net is Php 62.41 per square meter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn%20stalk" title="corn stalk">corn stalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20geotextile" title=" natural geotextile"> natural geotextile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retting" title=" retting"> retting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49965/development-of-corn-zea-mays-l-stalk-geotextile-net-for-soil-erosion-mitigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">387</span> Noninvasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Device Using a Photon-Assisted Tunneling Photodetector Based on a Quantum Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wannakorn%20Sangthongngam">Wannakorn Sangthongngam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Huerta"> Melissa Huerta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaewoo%20Kim"> Jaewoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doyeon%20Kim"> Doyeon Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Continuous glucose monitoring systems are essential for diabetics to avoid health complications but come at a costly price, especially when insurance does not fully cover the diabetic testing kits needed. This paper proposes a noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring system to provide an accessible, low-cost, and painless alternative method of accurate glucose measurements to help improve quality of life. Using a light source with a wavelength of 850nm illuminates the fingertip for the photodetector to detect the transmitted light. Utilizing SeeDevice’s photon-assisted tunneling photodetector (PAT-PD)-based QMOS™ sensor, fluctuations of voltage based on photon absorption in blood cells are comparable to traditional glucose measurements. The performance of the proposed method was validated using 4 test participants’ transmitted voltage readings compared with measurements obtained from the Accu-Chek glucometer. The proposed method was able to successfully measure concentrations from linear regression calculations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20glucose%20monitoring" title="continuous glucose monitoring">continuous glucose monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-invasive%20continuous%20glucose%20monitoring" title=" non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring"> non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIR" title=" NIR"> NIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photon-assisted%20tunneling%20photodetector" title=" photon-assisted tunneling photodetector"> photon-assisted tunneling photodetector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QMOS%E2%84%A2" title=" QMOS™"> QMOS™</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20device" title=" wearable device"> wearable device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174019/noninvasive-continuous-glucose-monitoring-device-using-a-photon-assisted-tunneling-photodetector-based-on-a-quantum-metal-oxide-semiconductor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">386</span> Impact of Belongingness, Relational Communication, Religiosity and Screen Time of College Student Levels of Anxiety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherri%20Kelly%20Seese">Cherri Kelly Seese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renee%20Bourdeaux"> Renee Bourdeaux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Drivdahl"> Sarah Drivdahl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emergent adults in the United States are currently experiencing high levels of anxiety. It is imperative to uncover insulating factors which mitigate the impact of anxiety. This study aims to explore how constructs such as belongingness, relational communication, screen time and religiosity impact anxiety levels of emerging adults. Approximately 250 college students from a small, private university on the West Coast were given an online assessment that included: the General Belongingness Scale, Relational Communication Scale, Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), a survey of screen time, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. A MANOVA statistical test was conducted by assessing the effects of multiple dependent variables (scores on GBS, RCS, self-reported screen time and DUREL) on the four different levels of anxiety as measured on the BAI (minimal = 1, mild =2, moderate = 3, or severe = 4). Results indicated a significant relationship between one’s sense of belonging and one’s reported level of anxiety. These findings have implications for systems, like universities, churches, and corporations that want to improve young adults’ level of anxiety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title="anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=belongingness" title=" belongingness"> belongingness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relational%20communication" title=" relational communication"> relational communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religiosity" title=" religiosity"> religiosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screen%20time" title=" screen time"> screen time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142575/impact-of-belongingness-relational-communication-religiosity-and-screen-time-of-college-student-levels-of-anxiety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">385</span> Determination of Aflatoxins in Edible-Medicinal Plant Samples by HPLC with Fluorescence Detector and KOBRA-Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isil%20Gazioglu">Isil Gazioglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulselam%20Ertas"> Abdulselam Ertas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary toxic metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. AFs can be absorbed through the skin. Potent carcinogens like AFs should be completely absent from cosmetics, this can be achieved by careful quality control of the raw plant materials. Regulatory limits for aflatoxins have been established in many countries, and reliable testing methodology is needed to implement and enforce the regulatory limits. In this study, ten medicinal plant samples (Bundelia tournefortti, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Carduus tenuiflorus, Cardaria draba, Malva neglecta, Malvella sharardiana, Melissa officinalis, Sideritis libanotica, Stakys thirkei, Thymus nummularius) were investigated for aflatoxin (AF) contaminations by employing an HPLC assay for the determination of AFB1, B2, G1 and G2. The samples were extracted with 70% (v/v) methanol in water before further cleaned up with an immunoaffinity column and followed by the detection of AFs by using an electrochemically post-column derivatization with Kobra-Cell and fluorescence detector. The extraction procedure was optimized in order to obtain the best recovery. The method was successfully carried out with all medicinal plant samples. The results revealed that five (50%) of samples were contaminated with AFs. The association between particular samples and the AF contaminated could not be determined due to the low frequency of positive samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aflatoxin%20B1" title="aflatoxin B1">aflatoxin B1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC-FLD" title=" HPLC-FLD"> HPLC-FLD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KOBRA-Cell" title=" KOBRA-Cell"> KOBRA-Cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycotoxin" title=" mycotoxin "> mycotoxin </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24145/determination-of-aflatoxins-in-edible-medicinal-plant-samples-by-hplc-with-fluorescence-detector-and-kobra-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">384</span> Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer Patients at Hospital of Amizour, Bejaia, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adjebli%20Ahmed">Adjebli Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Messis%20Abdelaziz"> Messis Abdelaziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayeche%20Riad"> Ayeche Riad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tighilet%20Karim"> Tighilet Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talbi%20Melissa"> Talbi Melissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smaili%20Yanis"> Smaili Yanis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lehri%20Mokrane"> Lehri Mokrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Louardiane%20Mustapha"> Louardiane Mustapha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Data and fecal samples from colorectal cancer patients were collected at the Amizour Public Hospital's oncology department (Bejaia, Algeria). Microbiological and cohort study were conducted at the Biological Engineering of Cancers laboratory at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Bejaia. All the data showed that patients aged between 50 and 70 years were the most affected by colorectal cancer, while the age categories of [30-40] and [40-50] were the least affected. Males were more likely to be at risk of contracting colorectal cancer than females. The most common types of colorectal cancer among the studied population were sigmoid cancer, rectal cancer, transverse colon cancer, and ascending colon cancer. The hereditary factor was found to be more dominant than other risk factors. Bacterial identification revealed the presence of certain pathogenic and opportunistic bacterial genera, such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Shigella sp, and Streptococcus group D. These results led us to conclude that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome is strongly present in colorectal cancer patients at the EPH of Amizour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title="microbiome">microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colorectal%20cancer" title=" colorectal cancer"> colorectal cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20identification" title=" bacterial identification"> bacterial identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164659/dysbiosis-of-the-intestinal-microbiome-in-colorectal-cancer-patients-at-hospital-of-amizour-bejaia-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">383</span> Water Dumpflood into Multiple Low-Pressure Gas Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Lertsakulpasuk">S. Lertsakulpasuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Athichanagorn"> S. Athichanagorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As depletion-drive gas reservoirs are abandoned when there is insufficient production rate due to pressure depletion, waterflooding has been proposed to increase the reservoir pressure in order to prolong gas production. Due to high cost, water injection may not be economically feasible. Water dumpflood into gas reservoirs is a new promising approach to increase gas recovery by maintaining reservoir pressure with much cheaper costs than conventional waterflooding. Thus, a simulation study of water dumpflood into multiple nearly abandoned or already abandoned thin-bedded gas reservoirs commonly found in the Gulf of Thailand was conducted to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method and to determine the most suitable operational parameters for reservoirs having different system parameters. A reservoir simulation model consisting of several thin-layered depletion-drive gas reservoirs and an overlying aquifer was constructed in order to investigate the performance of the proposed method. Two producers were initially used to produce gas from the reservoirs. One of them was later converted to a dumpflood well after gas production rate started to decline due to continuous reduction in reservoir pressure. The dumpflood well was used to flow water from the aquifer to increase pressure of the gas reservoir in order to drive gas towards producer. Two main operational parameters which are wellhead pressure of producer and the time to start water dumpflood were investigated to optimize gas recovery for various systems having different gas reservoir dip angles, well spacings, aquifer sizes, and aquifer depths. This simulation study found that water dumpflood can increase gas recovery up to 12% of OGIP depending on operational conditions and system parameters. For the systems having a large aquifer and large distance between wells, it is best to start water dumpflood when the gas rate is still high since the long distance between the gas producer and dumpflood well helps delay water breakthrough at producer. As long as there is no early water breakthrough, the earlier the energy is supplied to the gas reservoirs, the better the gas recovery. On the other hand, for the systems having a small or moderate aquifer size and short distance between the two wells, performing water dumpflood when the rate is close to the economic rate is better because water is more likely to cause an early breakthrough when the distance is short. Water dumpflood into multiple nearly-depleted or depleted gas reservoirs is a novel study. The idea of using water dumpflood to increase gas recovery has been mentioned in the literature but has never been investigated. This detailed study will help a practicing engineer to understand the benefits of such method and can implement it with minimum cost and risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dumpflood" title="dumpflood">dumpflood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=increase%20gas%20recovery" title=" increase gas recovery"> increase gas recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-pressure%20gas%20reservoir" title=" low-pressure gas reservoir"> low-pressure gas reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20gas%20reservoirs" title=" multiple gas reservoirs"> multiple gas reservoirs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30531/water-dumpflood-into-multiple-low-pressure-gas-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">382</span> Measurement of Intellectual Capital in an Algerian Company</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Brahmi">S. Brahmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Aitouche"> S. Aitouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20D.%20Mouss"> M. D. Mouss</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every modern company should measure the value of its intellectual capital and to report to complement the traditional annual balance sheets. The purpose of this work is to measure the intellectual capital in an Algerian company (or production system) using the Weightless Wealth Tool Kit (WWTK). The results of the measurement of intellectual capital are supplemented by traditional financial ratios. The measurement was applied to the National Company of Wells Services (ENSP) in Hassi Messaoud city, in the south of Algeria. We calculated the intellectual capital (intangible resources) of the ENSP to help the organization to better capitalize on its potential of workers and their know-how. The intangible value of the ENSP is evaluated at 16,936,173,345 DA in 2015. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20valuation" title="financial valuation">financial valuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intangible%20capital" title=" intangible capital"> intangible capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20capital" title=" intellectual capital"> intellectual capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20capital%20measurement" title=" intellectual capital measurement"> intellectual capital measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52333/measurement-of-intellectual-capital-in-an-algerian-company" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">381</span> Modeling the Effects of Leachate-Impacted Groundwater on the Water Quality of a Large Tidal River</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emery%20Coppola%20Jr.">Emery Coppola Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwan%20Sadat"> Marwan Sadat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Il%20Kim"> Il Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diane%20Trube"> Diane Trube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Kurisko"> Richard Kurisko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contamination sites like landfills often pose significant risks to receptors like surface water bodies. Surface water bodies are often a source of recreation, including fishing and swimming, which not only enhances their value but also serves as a direct exposure pathway to humans, increasing their need for protection from water quality degradation. In this paper, a case study presents the potential effects of leachate-impacted groundwater from a large closed sanitary landfill on the surface water quality of the nearby Raritan River, situated in New Jersey. The study, performed over a two year period, included in-depth field evaluation of both the groundwater and surface water systems, and was supplemented by computer modeling. The analysis required delineation of a representative average daily groundwater discharge from the Landfill shoreline into the large, highly tidal Raritan River, with a corresponding estimate of daily mass loading of potential contaminants of concern. The average daily groundwater discharge into the river was estimated from a high-resolution water level study and a 24-hour constant-rate aquifer pumping test. The significant tidal effects induced on groundwater levels during the aquifer pumping test were filtered out using an advanced algorithm, from which aquifer parameter values were estimated using conventional curve match techniques. The estimated hydraulic conductivity values obtained from individual observation wells closely agree with tidally-derived values for the same wells. Numerous models were developed and used to simulate groundwater contaminant transport and surface water quality impacts. MODFLOW with MT3DMS was used to simulate the transport of potential contaminants of concern from the down-gradient edge of the Landfill to the Raritan River shoreline. A surface water dispersion model based upon a bathymetric and flow study of the river was used to simulate the contaminant concentrations over space within the river. The modeling results helped demonstrate that because of natural attenuation, the Landfill does not have a measurable impact on the river, which was confirmed by an extensive surface water quality study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20flow%20and%20contaminant%20transport%20modeling" title="groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling">groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%2Fsurface%20water%20interaction" title=" groundwater/surface water interaction"> groundwater/surface water interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill%20leachate" title=" landfill leachate"> landfill leachate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20water%20quality%20modeling" title=" surface water quality modeling"> surface water quality modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58502/modeling-the-effects-of-leachate-impacted-groundwater-on-the-water-quality-of-a-large-tidal-river" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">380</span> Water Efficiency: Greywater Recycling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Lubitz">Melissa Lubitz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water scarcity is one of the crucial challenges of our time. There needs to be a focus on creating a society where people and nature flourish, regardless of climatic conditions. One of the solutions we can look to is decentralized greywater recycling. The vision is simple. Every building has its own water source being greywater from the bath, shower, sink and washing machine. By treating this in the home, you can save 25-45% of potable water use and wastewater production, a reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This reusable water is clean, and safe to be used for toilet flushing, washing machine, and outdoor irrigation. Companies like Hydraloop have been committed to the greywater recycle-ready building concept for years. This means that drinking water conservation and water reuse are included as standards in the design of all new buildings. Sustainability and renewal go hand in hand. This vision includes not only optimizing water savings and waste reduction but also forging strong partnerships that bring this ambition to life. Together with regulators, municipalities and builders, a sustainable and water-conscious future is pursued. This is an opportunity to be part of a movement that is making a difference. By pushing this initiative forward, we become part of a growing community that resists dehydration, believes in sustainability, and is committed to a living environment at the forefront of change: sustainable living, where saving water is the norm and where we shape the future together. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greywater" title="greywater">greywater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title=" wastewater treatment"> wastewater treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20conservation" title=" water conservation"> water conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20water%20society" title=" circular water society"> circular water society</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178769/water-efficiency-greywater-recycling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">379</span> Depositional Environment and Diagenetic Alterations, Influences of Facies and Fine Kaolinite Formation Migration on Sandstones’ Reservoir Quality, Sarir Formation, Sirt Basin Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faraj%20M.%20Elkhatri">Faraj M. Elkhatri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Ali%20Allafi"> Hana Ali Allafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations related impact on the reservoir quality of the Sarir Formation. (present day burial depth of about 9000 feet) Depositional facies and diagenetic alterations are the main controls on reservoir quality of Sarir Formation Sirt Ba-sin Libya; these based on lithology and grain size as well as authigenic clay mineral types and their distributions. However, petrology investigation obtained on study area with five sandstone wells concentrated on main rock components and the parameters that may have impacts on reservoirs. the main authigenic clay minerals are kaolinite and dickite, these investigations have confirmed by X.R.D analysis and clay fraction. mainly Kaolinite and Dickite were extensively presented on all of wells with high amounts. As well as trace of detrital smectite and less amounts of illitized mud-matrix are possibly find by SEM image. Thin layers of clay presented as clay-grain coatings in local depth interpreted as remains of dissolved clay matrix is partly transformed into kaolinite adjacent and towards pore throat. This also may have impacts on most of the pore throats of this sandstone which are open and relatively clean with some of fine martial have been formed on occluded pores. This material is identified by EDS analysis to be collections of not only kaolinite booklets, but also small, disaggregated kaolinite platelets derived from the dis-aggregation of larger kaolinite booklets. These patches of kaolinite not only fill this pore, but also coat some of the sur-rounding framework grains. Quartz grains often enlarged by authigenic quartz overgrowths partially occlude and re-duce porosity. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM) was conducted on the post-test samples to examine any mud filtrate particles that may be in the pore throats. Semi-qualitative elemental data on select-ed minerals observed during the SEM study were obtained using an Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) unit. The samples showed mostly clean open pore throats, with limited occlusion by kaolinite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=por%20throat" title="por throat">por throat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formation%20damage" title=" formation damage"> formation damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity%20lose" title=" porosity lose"> porosity lose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solids%20plugging" title=" solids plugging"> solids plugging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174514/depositional-environment-and-diagenetic-alterations-influences-of-facies-and-fine-kaolinite-formation-migration-on-sandstones-reservoir-quality-sarir-formation-sirt-basin-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">378</span> Investigation of Enhanced Geothermal System with CO2 as Working Fluid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruina%20Xu">Ruina Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peixue%20Jiang"> Peixue Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Luo"> Feng Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The novel concept of enhanced geothermal system with CO2 instead of water as working fluid (CO2-EGS) has attracted wide attention due to additional benefit of CO2 geological storage during the power generation process. In this research, numerical investigation on a doublet CO2-EGS system is performed, focusing on the influence of the injection/production well perforation location in the targeted geothermal reservoir. Three different reservoir inlet and outlet boundary conditions are used in simulations since the well constrains are different in reality. The results show that CO2-EGS system performance of power generation and power cost vary greatly among cases of different wells perforation locations, and the optimum options under different boundary conditions are also different. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enhanced%20Geothermal%20System" title="Enhanced Geothermal System">Enhanced Geothermal System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20CO2" title=" supercritical CO2"> supercritical CO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2-EGS" title=" CO2-EGS"> CO2-EGS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2713/investigation-of-enhanced-geothermal-system-with-co2-as-working-fluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">377</span> The Role of Defense Mechanisms in Treatment Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Marchini">F. Marchini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Caputo"> A. Caputo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Balonan"> J. Balonan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Fedele"> F. Fedele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Napoli"> A. Napoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Langher"> V. Langher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The present study aims to explore the specific role of defense mechanisms in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus in treatment adherence. Materials and methods: A correlational study design was employed. Thirty-two persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled and assessed with Defense Mechanism Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Self-Care Inventory-Revised. Bivariate correlation and two-step regression analyses were performed. Results: Treatment adherence negatively correlates with hetero-directed hostility (r= -.537; p < .01), whereas it is positively associated with principalization (r= .407; p < .05). These two defense mechanisms overall explain an incremental variance of 26.9% in treatment adherence (ΔF=4.189, df1=2, df2 =21, p < .05), over and above the control variables for depression and alexithymia. However, only higher hetero-directed hostility is found to be a solid predictor of a decreased treatment adherence (β=-.497, p < .05). Conclusions: Despite providing preliminary results, this pilot study highlights the original contribution of defense mechanisms in adherence to type 2 diabetes regimens. Specifically, hetero-directed hostility may relate to an unconscious process, according to which disease-related painful feelings are displaced onto care relationships with negative impacts on adherence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alexithymia" title="alexithymia">alexithymia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defense%20mechanisms" title=" defense mechanisms"> defense mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment%20adherence" title=" treatment adherence"> treatment adherence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" type 2 diabetes mellitus"> type 2 diabetes mellitus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93212/the-role-of-defense-mechanisms-in-treatment-adherence-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-an-exploratory-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">376</span> Current Zonal Isolation Regulation and Standards: A Compare and Contrast Review in Plug and Abandonment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20A.%20Al%20Marhoon">Z. A. Al Marhoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Al%20Ramis"> H. S. Al Ramis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Teodoriu"> C. Teodoriu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Well-integrity is one of the major elements considered for drilling geothermal, oil, and gas wells. Well-integrity is minimizing the risk of unplanned fluid flow in the well bore throughout the well lifetime. Well integrity is maximized by applying technical concepts along with practical practices and strategic planning. These practices are usually governed by standardization and regulation entities. Practices during well construction can affect the integrity of the seal at the time of abandonment. On the other hand, achieving a perfect barrier system is impracticable due to the needed cost. This results in a needed balance between regulations requirements and practical applications. The guidelines are only effective when they are attainable in practical applications. Various governmental regulations and international standards have different guidelines on what constitutes high-quality isolation from unwanted flow. Each regulating or standardization body differ in requirements based on the abandonment objective. Some regulation account more for the environmental impact, water table contamination, and possible leaks. Other regulation might lean towards driving more economical benefits while achieving an acceptable isolation criteria. The research methodology used in this topic is derived from a literature review method combined with a compare and contrast analysis. The literature review on various zonal isolation regulations and standards has been conducted. A review includes guidelines from NORSOK (Norwegian governing entity), BSEE (USA offshore governing entity), API (American Petroleum Institute) combined with ISO (International Standardization Organization). The compare and contrast analysis is conducted by assessing the objective of each abandonment regulations and standardization. The current state of well barrier regulation is in balancing action. From one side of this balance, the environmental impact and complete zonal isolation is considered. The other side of the scale is practical application and associated cost. Some standards provide a fair amount of details concerning technical requirements and are often flexible with the needed associated cost. These guidelines cover environmental impact with laws that prevent major or disastrous environmental effects of improper sealing of wells. Usually these regulations are concerned with the near future of sealing rather than long-term. Consequently, applying these guidelines become more feasible from a cost point of view to the required plugging entities. On the other hand, other regulation have well integrity procedures and regulations that lean toward more restrictions environmentally with an increased associated cost requirements. The environmental impact is detailed and covered with its entirety, including medium to small environmental impact in barrier installing operations. Clear and precise attention to long-term leakage prevention is present in these regulations. The result of the compare and contrast analysis of the literature showed that there are various objectives that might tip the scale from one side of the balance (cost) to the other (sealing quality) especially in reference to zonal isolation. Furthermore, investing in initial well construction is a crucial part of ensuring safe final well abandonment. The safety and the cost saving at the end of the well life cycle is dependent upon a well-constructed isolation systems at the beginning of the life cycle. Long term studies on zonal isolation using various hydraulic or mechanical materials need to take place to further assess permanently abandoned wells to achieve the desired balance. Well drilling and isolation techniques will be more effective when they are operationally feasible and have reasonable associated cost to aid the local economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plug%20and%20abandon" title="plug and abandon">plug and abandon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%26A%20regulation" title=" P&A regulation"> P&A regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%26A%20standards" title=" P&A standards"> P&A standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20guidelines" title=" international guidelines"> international guidelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gap%20analysis" title=" gap analysis"> gap analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127915/current-zonal-isolation-regulation-and-standards-a-compare-and-contrast-review-in-plug-and-abandonment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">375</span> Teaching Material, Books, Publications versus the Practice: Myths and Truths about Installation and Use of Downhole Safety Valve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robson%20da%20Cunha%20Santos">Robson da Cunha Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caio%20Cezar%20R.%20Bonifacio"> Caio Cezar R. Bonifacio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20Mureb%20Quesada"> Diego Mureb Quesada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerson%20Gomes%20Cunha"> Gerson Gomes Cunha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is related to the safety of oil wells and environmental preservation on the planet, because they require great attention and commitment from oil companies and people who work with these equipments. This must occur from drilling the well until it is abandoned in order to safeguard the environment and prevent possible damage. The project had as main objective the constitution resulting from comparatives made among books, articles and publications with information gathered in technical visits to operational bases of Petrobras. After the visits, the information from methods of utilization and present managements, which were not available before, became available to the general audience. As a result, it is observed a huge flux of incorrect and out-of-date information that comprehends not only bibliographic archives, but also academic resources and materials. During the gathering of more in-depth information on the manufacturing, assembling, and use aspects of DHSVs, several issues that were previously known as correct, customary issues were discovered to be uncertain and outdated. Information of great importance resulted in affirmations about subjects as the depth of the valve installation that was before installed to 30 meters from the seabed (mud line). Despite this, the installation should vary in conformity to the ideal depth to escape from area with the biggest tendency to hydrates formation according to the temperature and pressure. Regarding to valves with nitrogen chamber, in accordance with books, they have their utilization linked to water line ≥ 700 meters, but in Brazilian exploratory fields, their use occurs from 600 meters of water line. The valves used in Brazilian fields are able to be inserted to the production column and self-equalizing, but the use of screwed valve in the column of production and equalizing is predominant. Although these valves are more expensive to acquire, they are more reliable, efficient, with a bigger shelf life and they do not cause restriction to the fluid flux. It follows that based on researches and theoretical information confronted to usual forms used in fields, the present project is important and relevant. This project will be used as source of actualization and information equalization that connects academic environment and real situations in exploratory situations and also taking into consideration the enrichment of precise and easy to understand information to future researches and academic upgrading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=down%20hole%20safety%20valve" title="down hole safety valve">down hole safety valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20devices" title=" security devices"> security devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=installation" title=" installation"> installation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil-wells" title=" oil-wells"> oil-wells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51839/teaching-material-books-publications-versus-the-practice-myths-and-truths-about-installation-and-use-of-downhole-safety-valve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">374</span> Realization of a (GIS) for Drilling (DWS) through the Adrar Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djelloul%20Benatiallah">Djelloul Benatiallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Benatiallah"> Ali Benatiallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Harouz"> Abdelkader Harouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geographic Information Systems (GIS) include various methods and computer techniques to model, capture digitally, store, manage, view and analyze. Geographic information systems have the characteristic to appeal to many scientific and technical field, and many methods. In this article we will present a complete and operational geographic information system, following the theoretical principles of data management and adapting to spatial data, especially data concerning the monitoring of drinking water supply wells (DWS) Adrar region. The expected results of this system are firstly an offer consulting standard features, updating and editing beneficiaries and geographical data, on the other hand, provides specific functionality contractors entered data, calculations parameterized and statistics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DWS" title=" DWS"> DWS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling" title=" drilling"> drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrar" title=" Adrar "> Adrar </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27960/realization-of-a-gis-for-drilling-dws-through-the-adrar-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">373</span> Challenges to Ensure Food Safety through Sanitation and Hygiene Coverage in Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moshiur%20Rahman">Moshiur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahmida%20Jakia"> Tahmida Jakia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bangladesh, a densely populated South Asian country is home to more than 160 million people. In two decades ago, the people of this developing nation drank heavily contaminated surface water. Over the past thirty years, the country, and its development partners, has undertaken extensive efforts to provide microbiologically safe groundwater based drinking water through the use of tube-wells. About 85% of the people now drink tube-well water from about 11 million tube-wells/hand pumps. However, diarrhoeal and other water-related diseases are still reported among the major causes of morbidity and mortality among Bangladeshi children. This implies that the mode of transmission of pathogens through water and/or other modes continue. In addition, massive scale arsenic contamination has been recently reported in the ground water. Thirty five million people may be at risk of consuming arsenic contaminated water exceeding 0.05 mg/l in Bangladesh. Drinking of arsenic contaminated water has been linked with skin problems, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, eye problems, cancer of the internal organs, and other diseases. In the study area, Narail district, recent investigations about existing water quality situations indicated presence of low to high levels of arsenic, salinity, iron, manganese and bacteriological contamination risks. As challenges for safe water exist; it is likely that sanitation and food hygiene practices are poor which lead threat to ensure food security.The main attempt of this study is to find out the challenges to ensure food security andprovide probable solutions to ensure food safety towards 0.7 million of people in study area. A survey has been conducted at Lohagara and Kalia sub district of Narail district with a pretested questionnaire. Primary data are collected through a questionnaire, while secondary data are collected from pertinent offices as well as academic journals. FGD has also been done to know the knowledge regarding water, sanitation as well as food preparation and consumption practice of community people in study area. The major focus of this study is to assess the state of sanitation and food hygiene condition of rural people. It is found that most of the villagers have lack of knowledge about food safety. Open defecation rate is high which lead threat to ensure food security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title="food safety">food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene" title=" hygiene"> hygiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title=" Bangladesh"> Bangladesh</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49834/challenges-to-ensure-food-safety-through-sanitation-and-hygiene-coverage-in-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">372</span> The Pink Elephant: Women who Bully Other Women in the Workplace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berri%20A.%20Wells">Berri A. Wells</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to explore the different variables that influence women, specifically Black American or African American women to target and bully other Black American women in the workplace. The Pink Elephant Study seeks to answer the research question, what are some of the factors that prompt Black women to target and harass other Black women in the workplace or other professional settings and organizations? The goal of the study is to enhance the workplace bullying body of knowledge in two specific ways beginning with the inclusion of Black women in the conversation of workplace bullying. A second goal is to hear from and learn from perpetrators of workplace bullying. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20bullying" title="workplace bullying">workplace bullying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incivility%20at%20work" title=" incivility at work"> incivility at work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20at%20work" title=" women at work"> women at work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overcoming%20conflict" title=" overcoming conflict"> overcoming conflict</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150384/the-pink-elephant-women-who-bully-other-women-in-the-workplace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">371</span> Postprandial Satiety, Sweets Intake, Physical Activity, and Depressive Symptoms in Relation to Rs9939609 Polymorphism of the FTO Gene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%C5%82gorzata%20Wrzosek">Małgorzata Wrzosek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20Baruch"> Nina Baruch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beata%20Jab%C5%82onowska-Lietz"> Beata Jabłonowska-Lietz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The fat mass & obesity-associated (FTO) gene is linked to an increased risk of obesity. However, the relation between rs9939609 and eating behaviors or energy expenditure is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene and the postprandial satiety, sweets intake, physical activity and depressive symptoms in patients with obesity. Methods: The study group consisted of 585 subjects with a BMI of 42.97.0 kg/m². The rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene was examined using real time – PCR method. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Information was obtained about demographics, eating habits and lifestyle. Results: More than half (63.5%) of the patients reported consumption of sweets between main meals and 30% declared high and very high postprandial satiety and the frequency of TA/AA carriers in rs9939609 (FTO) compared with TT carriers was similar. Significantly lower BDI-II scores were found in subjects with higher level of physical activity and it was seen amongst patients with the AA and AT genotypes of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism. Conclusion: Obesity is a highly heritable trait, but eating habits also appear as major factors affecting obesity development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTO%20polymorphism" title="FTO polymorphism">FTO polymorphism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postprandial%20satiety" title=" postprandial satiety"> postprandial satiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugary%20foods" title=" sugary foods"> sugary foods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sweets" title=" sweets"> sweets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153873/postprandial-satiety-sweets-intake-physical-activity-and-depressive-symptoms-in-relation-to-rs9939609-polymorphism-of-the-fto-gene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">370</span> The Applications of Group Counseling on Self-Concept, Depression, and Resilience of Teenage Pregnancy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fauziah%20Mohd%20Sa%E2%80%99ad">Fauziah Mohd Sa’ad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Aziz%20Shah"> Mohammad Aziz Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Mohammad%20Arip"> B. Mohammad Arip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norazani%20Ahmad"> Norazani Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Noor%20Idris"> Mohd Noor Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hapsah%20M.%20Yusof"> Hapsah M. Yusof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out to assess the application of person-centred therapy and Cognitive Psychology Ad-Din group counseling on self-concept, depression, and resilience of teenage pregnancy. This study involved 55 teenage pregnancy at three women’s refuge centers which are from KEWAJA, Rhaidatus Sakinah, and Taman Seri Puteri Cheras (JKM). Subjects were classed into two treatment groups and one control group. The Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale (MSCS), Beck Depression inventory (BDI) and Adolescent Resiliency Attitude Scale (ARAS) was administered to assess self-concept, depression, and resilience of teenage pregnancy. The control pre and post test design was used for this study. The research data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, ANOVA, MANCOVA and Tuckey Post Hoc with the significant level of .01 and .05. All treatment group received group counseling sessions for 7 consecutive week, once in each week. The Person-centred group and Cognitive Psychology Ad-Din group counseling showed a significant reduction (pre-test to post-test) on depression, enhancing self-concept and resilience of teenage pregnancy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20counseling" title="group counseling">group counseling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=person-centred%20therapy" title=" person-centred therapy"> person-centred therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20psychology%20Ad-Din" title=" cognitive psychology Ad-Din"> cognitive psychology Ad-Din</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teenage%20pregnancy" title=" teenage pregnancy"> teenage pregnancy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24585/the-applications-of-group-counseling-on-self-concept-depression-and-resilience-of-teenage-pregnancy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">369</span> Study of Fast Etching of Silicon for the Fabrication of Bulk Micromachined MEMS Structures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Swarnalatha">V. Swarnalatha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Narasimha%20Rao"> A. V. Narasimha Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Pal"> P. Pal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present research reports the investigation of fast etching of silicon for the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structures using silicon wet bulk micromachining. Low concentration tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and hydroxylamine (NH<sub>2</sub>OH) are used as main etchant and additive, respectively. The concentration of NH<sub>2</sub>OH is varied to optimize the composition to achieve best etching characteristics such as high etch rate, significantly high undercutting at convex corner for the fast release of the microstructures from the substrate, and improved etched surface morphology. These etching characteristics are studied on Si{100} and Si{110} wafers as they are most widely used in the fabrication of MEMS structures as wells diode, transistors and integrated circuits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KOH" title="KOH">KOH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEMS" title=" MEMS"> MEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micromachining" title=" micromachining"> micromachining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMAH" title=" TMAH"> TMAH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20anisotropic%20etching" title=" wet anisotropic etching"> wet anisotropic etching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65235/study-of-fast-etching-of-silicon-for-the-fabrication-of-bulk-micromachined-mems-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Beck%20Wells&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Beck%20Wells&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Beck%20Wells&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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