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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Standardisering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standardisering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Standardisering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standardisering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egenskaper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egenskaper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Egenskaper</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Egenskaper-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Egenskaper</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Egenskaper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Syntaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Syntaks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numerisk_tårn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerisk_tårn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Numerisk tårn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerisk_tårn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funksjonskall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funksjonskall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Funksjonskall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funksjonskall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scheme-implementasjoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scheme-implementasjoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scheme-implementasjoner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scheme-implementasjoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Scheme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 48 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85_(%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A9)" title="سكيم (لغة برمجة) – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكيم (لغة برمجة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE)" title="স্কিম (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা) – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্কিম (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Scheme (език за програмиране) – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Scheme (език за програмиране)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language) – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Scheme (programming language)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85_(%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="اسکیم (زبان برنامه‌نویسی) – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسکیم (زبان برنامه‌نویسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%B4_(%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%EB%B0%8D_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4)" title="스킴 (프로그래밍 언어) – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스킴 (프로그래밍 언어)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7)" title="സ്കീം (പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഭാഷ) – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്കീം (പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഭാഷ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(limbaj_de_programare)" title="Scheme (limbaj de programare) – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scheme (limbaj de programare)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language) – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Scheme (programming language)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programovac%C3%AD_jazyk)" title="Scheme (programovací jazyk) – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Scheme (programovací jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programski_jezik)" title="Scheme (programski jezik) – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Scheme (programski jezik)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programski_jezik)" title="Scheme (programski jezik) – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Scheme (programski jezik)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programski_jezik)" title="Scheme (programski jezik) – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Scheme (programski jezik)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுகீம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுகீம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" title="Scheme (程式語言) – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Scheme (程式語言)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Scheme" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187560#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Scheme" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Scheme&action=edit&redlink=1" 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Du kan hjelpe til med å sjekke opplysningene mot kildemateriale og legge inn referanser. Opplysninger uten kildehenvisning i form av referanser kan bli fjernet.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24884810">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;color:black;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;color:black;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:0;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks fastbredde"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4"> Scheme </th></tr><tr class="bilde"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lambda_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lambda_lc.svg/250px-Lambda_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lambda_lc.svg/375px-Lambda_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lambda_lc.svg/500px-Lambda_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Tilblivelse</th><td colspan="2"><span><a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Programmeringsparadigme" title="Programmeringsparadigme">Paradigme</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Programmeringsparadigme" title="Programmeringsparadigme">Multi-paradigme</a>: <a href="/wiki/Funksjonell_programmering" title="Funksjonell programmering">Funksjonell programmering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prosedyrisk_programmering" title="Prosedyrisk programmering">prosedyrisk programmering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metaprogrammering" title="Metaprogrammering">metaprogrammering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperativ_programmering" title="Imperativ programmering">imperativ programmering</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Programvaredesign" title="Programvaredesign">Designet av</a></th><td colspan="2"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Guy_Lewis_Steele_Jr." title="Guy Lewis Steele Jr.">Guy L. Steele</a></span>, <span>Gerald Jay Sussman</span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Siste versjon(er)</th><td colspan="2">R7RS-small / 2013</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Typetildeling</th><td colspan="2"> dynamisk, latent, sterk </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Filetternavn" title="Filetternavn">Filendelse(r)</a></th><td colspan="2">.scm, .ss</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Påvirket av</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Lisp" title="Lisp">Lisp</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="ALGOL (programmeringsspråk)">ALGOL</a></span>, <span>MDL</span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Scheme</b> er et funksjonelt <a href="/wiki/Programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Programmeringsspråk">programmeringsspråk</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lisp" title="Lisp">Lisp</a>-familien. Scheme ble introdusert til den akademiske verden av Guy L. Steele og Gerald Jay Sussman gjennom flere artikler på 1970-tallet kalt «the lambda papers». Disse artiklene beskrev egenskapene til Scheme og gav en <a href="/wiki/Kompilator" title="Kompilator">kompilator</a> kalt «RABBIT» som kompilerte Scheme-kode til et subset av MacLISP (en tidlig Lisp dialekt). I dag er Scheme standardisert, og det finnes en rekke kompilatorer og tolkere for språket. </p><p>Sammen med <a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a> er Scheme blant de mest brukte Lisp-dialektene. To ting som skilte Scheme fra andre Lisp-dialekter fra sin tid er at variabler har leksikalt skop («lexical scope») og at implementasjoner må garantere halekall-<a href="/wiki/Kompilator#Effektivitet_under_kjørefasen_(optimalisering)" title="Kompilator">optimalisering</a> («tailcall optimalization»). </p><p>Scheme følger en <a href="/wiki/Minimalisme" title="Minimalisme">minimalistisk</a> filosofi. Programmeringsspråkets syntaks er ekstremt enkel sammenlignet med andre språk, og antallet innebygde prosedyrer er relativt begrenset. Scheme brukes i dag hovedsakelig i akademiske miljøer, og har tradisjonelt blitt brukt i forskning på kunstig intelligens. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standardisering">Standardisering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Standardisering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Standardisering"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det er to standarder som definerer Scheme; en offisiell <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a>-standard, og en <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> standard kalt «Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme», forkortet til R<sup><i>n</i></sup>RS, der <i>n</i> betegner revisjonen. Den siste revisjonen av R<sup><i>n</i></sup>RS heter R<sup><i>6</i></sup>RS og utvider språket, blant annet med et standardbibliotek. </p><p>Grunnet Scheme sitt begrensede antall innebygde funksjoner, tilbyr mange implementasjoner funksjonalitet som ikke omfattes av standardene nevnt ovenfor. I fellesskap har derfor utviklere bak forskjellige Scheme-implementasjoner laget flere «Scheme Requests for Implementation» (SRFI). En SRFI definerer utvidelser av språket som brukere kan benytte på tvers av forskjellige implementasjoner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egenskaper">Egenskaper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Egenskaper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Egenskaper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scheme er en veldig simplistisk Lisp-dialekt, med kun det mest nødvendige av datatyper og funksjoner tilgjengelig. Schemes filosofi er å, istedenfor å bygge ut språket med nye primitive datatyper og operasjoner, og dermed gjøre det stort og komplekst, være et enkelt og effektivt språk der slike nye finesser lett kan legges til av programmereren. Det er likevel en rekke Scheme-implementasjoner som kommer med mange medfølgende bibliotek. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntaks">Syntaks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Syntaks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Syntaks"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det er syntaksen til Lisp som i hovedsak er kilden til kritikk av språket. Uttrykk i Scheme skrives på såkalt listeform. En liste er ett eller flere elementer etter hverandre, omringet av parenteser. Et element kan være et <i>atom</i> (et primitivt «objekt» som f.eks. et tall eller et symbol), eller en <i>kombinasjon</i>, som er underlister i lista. I Scheme evalueres en liste ved å evaluere det første elementet i lista, for å få en funksjon. Denne funksjonen blir kalt med resultatet av å evaluere resten av elementene i lista. Et enkelt uttrykk kan se slik ut: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-scheme mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p>Her har vi en liste med symbolet +, to tall, kombinasjonen (- 9 3), og et tall. Kombinasjonen (- 9 3) er i seg selv et uttrykk med symbolet – og to tall. Her vil + evalueres ved at symbolet blir slått opp i listen over variabelbindinger, og resultere i funksjonen for addisjon, som kalles med resultatet av å evaluere de andre elementene i lista som argument. 1 og 2 vil evaluere til seg selv, kombinasjonen (- 9 3) vil evalueres på samme måte, og 2 vil evaluere til seg selv. Vi får 11 som resultat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerisk_tårn"><span id="Numerisk_t.C3.A5rn"></span>Numerisk tårn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Numerisk tårn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Numerisk tårn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scheme har et relativt godt utvalg av datatyper for tall. R<sup><i>n</i></sup>RS standardene legger ikke noen føring på hvordan tall skal representeres i minne. Det er definert et såkalt <i>numerisk tårn</i> som består av abstrakte datatyper for <a href="/wiki/Komplekse_tall" class="mw-redirect" title="Komplekse tall">komplekse tall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reelle_tall" class="mw-redirect" title="Reelle tall">reelle tall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rasjonale_tall" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasjonale tall">rasjonale tall</a> og <a href="/wiki/Heltall" title="Heltall">heltall</a>. Mens det er frivillig å implementere hele det numeriske tårnet i R<sup><i>5</i></sup>RS, er det påkrevd av R<sup><i>6</i></sup>RS. </p><p>Predikatene <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22244855">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced" style="">complex?</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">real?</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">rational?</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">integer?</span> gjenkjenner hver enkel type, mens predikatet <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">number?</span> gjenkjenner alle. Dersom et tall er et heltall, så vil det også være et rasjonelt tall, et reelt tall og et komplekst tall. Mens et rasjonalt tall som 5/8 vil også være et reelt og komplekst tall, men ikke et heltall. </p><p>Implementasjoner må også skille mellom presise (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">exact?</span>) og upresise (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">inexact?</span>) tall. Et tall-objekt er presist dersom det enten er skrevet som en presis konstant, eller dersom det er resultatet av en presise operasjon utført på presise tall. Et tall-objekt kan være upresis dersom det er skrevet som et upresist tall, dersom det er resultatet av en upresis operasjon eller dersom det kommer fra en presis operasjon utført på upresise tall. R<sup><i>5</i></sup>RS standarden krever at dersom to implementasjoner kommer fram til et presist resultat fra en beregning som ikke involverer upresiste tall, så vil resultatene være matematisk like. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funksjonskall">Funksjonskall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Funksjonskall" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Funksjonskall"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Siden man i Lisp må skrive alle funksjonskall i egne lister, med funksjonsnavnet først, gir det en rekke fordeler. Det er ingen forskjell på operatører og funksjoner, som det er i andre språk -- det er ingen syntaktisk måte man kan skille mellom brukerdefinerte funksjoner og primitive operatører, slik som det er i mange andre språk der man skriver operatører mellom argumentene, mens funksjoner kalles på andre måter. Dermed er det naturlig nok heller ingen form for operatør-prioritet i Lisp, siden alle funksjonskall er skrevet i egne lister. De negative sidene med prefiksnotasjon og lister er at det ikke følger den vanlige matematiske notasjonen, og dermed krever det en tilvenning å sette seg inn i Scheme, spesielt når man skal skrive matematiske uttrykk. </p><p>Scheme har bare én løkkefunksjon, kalt <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">do</span>. Andre former for iterasjon og løkker blir gjort ved hjelp av <a href="/wiki/Rekursjon" title="Rekursjon">rekursjon</a>. I Lisp skrives data og kode med samme syntaks. Det betyr at man kan bygge opp uttrykk som deretter kan evalueres. Et eksempel på dette: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-scheme mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">define</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">lag-addisjon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">c</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">'+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">c</span><span class="p">))</span> </pre></div> <p>Her defineres en funksjon, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">lag-addisjon</span> som tar tre argumenter, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">a</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">b</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">c</span>. Denne funksjonen returnerer en liste med symbolet + og de tre argumentene. Merk at + blir skrevet med en apostrof foran. Dette er for å hindre at Scheme -- ved å følge evalueringsreglene forklart ovenfor -- evaluerer symbolet og lager en liste av funksjonsobjektet for addisjon istedenfor bare symbolet. Når en funksjon blir kalt, er det resultatet av det siste uttrykket i funksjonskoden som er returverdien for funksjonen. Siden listen <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">lag-addisjon</span> returnerer er skrevet som et uttrykk (med funksjonsnavnet først), kan det evalueres: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-scheme mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">eval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">lag-addisjon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span> </pre></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">eval</span> er Scheme-interpreteret. Det blir kalt med resultatet av å kalle <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">lag-addisjon</span>, som er listen (+ 1 2 3), som argument. Svaret vi får er 6. </p><p>I Scheme er funksjoner primitive datatyper, akkurat som tall, strenger, symboler, osv. Det betyr at funksjoner kan sendes til andre funksjoner som argument, og funksjoner kan returnere andre funksjoner som returverdi. Sistnevnte, en funksjon som returneres av en annen funksjon, kalles en closure. En closure har fortsatt tilgang til variablene som var bundet i funksjonen som returnerte den. Dette gjør at closures kan brukes som objekter (i <a href="/wiki/OOP" class="mw-redirect" title="OOP">objektorientert</a> sammenheng), med lokale variabler. Dette kan illustreres med følgende eksempel: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-scheme mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">define</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">lag-person</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">navn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">alder</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; definer funksjonen lag-person</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">operasjon</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; lag et funksjonsobjekt som tar et argument kalt operasjon</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">operasjon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">; se om operasjon er lik symbolet navn eller alder og returner henholdsvis navn og alder</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">'navn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">navn</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">'alder</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">alder</span><span class="p">))))</span> </pre></div> <p>Her defineres en funksjon, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">lag-person</span> som returnerer et funksjonsobjekt som representerer en person. Dette gjøres ved å <i>lage</i> en funksjon med <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22244855" /><span class="monospaced" style="">lambda</span>. Funksjonen tar et argument, som er en operasjon som objektet skal utføre. Vi kan bruke det slik (pilen «<code>=></code>» viser hva hvert uttrykk evaluerer til): </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-scheme mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">define</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">en-person</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">lag-person</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Lars"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">en-person</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">'navn</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Lars"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">en-person</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">'alder</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">23</span> </pre></div> <p>Dette viser bare litt av hvilke abstraksjoner og muligheter closures gir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scheme-implementasjoner">Scheme-implementasjoner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Scheme-implementasjoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Scheme-implementasjoner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.racket-lang.org">Racket (Tidligere PLT Scheme)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scheme&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scheme.org/">Offisielt nettsted</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p856"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187560?uselang=nb#P856" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scheme_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Scheme (programming language)">Scheme (programming language)</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187560?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schemers.org/Documents/Standards/R5RS/">R5RS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.r6rs.org/">R6RS</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24994932">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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