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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%8A32" title="أميغا سي دي32 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أميغا سي دي32" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaCD32" title="AmigaCD32 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="AmigaCD32" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD%C2%B3%C2%B2" title="CD³² – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="CD³²" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaCD32" title="AmigaCD32 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="AmigaCD32" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%B3%DB%B2" title="آمیگا سی‌دی۳۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمیگا سی‌دی۳۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%AF%B8%EA%B0%80_CD32" title="아미가 CD32 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아미가 CD32" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%89_%D8%AF%D9%89_32" title="اميجا سى دى 32 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اميجا سى دى 32" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Amiga CD32" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q695161#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Amiga+CD32%22">"Amiga CD32"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Amiga+CD32%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Amiga+CD32%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Amiga+CD32%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Amiga+CD32%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Amiga+CD32%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 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.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">Amiga CD32</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Amigacd32-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Amigacd32-logo.svg/250px-Amigacd32-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Amigacd32-logo.svg/330px-Amigacd32-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Amigacd32-logo.svg/500px-Amigacd32-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="67" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Amiga-CD32-wController-L-TRSP.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Amiga-CD32-wController-L-TRSP.png/220px-Amiga-CD32-wController-L-TRSP.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Amiga-CD32-wController-L-TRSP.png/330px-Amiga-CD32-wController-L-TRSP.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Amiga-CD32-wController-L-TRSP.png/440px-Amiga-CD32-wController-L-TRSP.png 2x" data-file-width="5160" data-file-height="2640" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Amiga CD32 console with controller</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Also known as</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Spellbound (<a href="/wiki/Codename" class="mw-redirect" title="Codename">codename</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Product family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game console</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gaming_computer" title="Gaming computer">Gaming computer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Generation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">Fifth generation era</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">September 17, 1993<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1993-09-17</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lifespan</th><td class="infobox-data">1993–1994</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">April 29, 1994<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1994-04-29</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Units sold</th><td class="infobox-data">Approximately <span class="nowrap">25,000</span> in Germany and <span class="nowrap">100,000</span> in Europe.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AmigaOS_version_history#AmigaOS_3.0,_3.1" title="AmigaOS version history">AmigaOS 3.1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68EC020" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorola 68EC020">Motorola 68EC020</a> @ 14.18 MHz (<a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>), 14.32 MHz (<a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Memory</th><td class="infobox-data">2 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a> <a href="/wiki/Chip_RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Chip RAM">Chip RAM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Storage</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a> <a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Display</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/RF_modulator" title="RF modulator">RF modulator</a> (<a href="/wiki/RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_video" title="Composite video">Composite video</a> (RCA)</li><li><a href="/wiki/S-Video" title="S-Video">S-Video</a></li></ul></div> 320×200 to 1280×400 (NTSC), 320×256 to 1280×512 (PAL);<br />256 colors in indexed mode, 262,144 colors in HAM-8 mode</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Graphics</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Graphics_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Graphics Architecture">AGA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akiko_(Amiga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akiko (Amiga)">Akiko</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>4 × 8-bit <a href="/wiki/PCM" class="mw-redirect" title="PCM">PCM</a> channels</li><li><a href="/wiki/Stereo_audio" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo audio">Stereo audio</a> (RCA)</li><li>28 kHz sampling rate</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Controller input</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gamepad" title="Gamepad">Gamepad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">Backward<br />compatibility</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_CDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore CDTV">Commodore CDTV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Commodore CDTV</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Amiga CD32</b> (stylized as <b>Amiga CD<sup>32</sup></b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">home video game console</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a> line, as well as the final hardware to be developed by the company. Released in September 1993 in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, it was marketed as the "first" 32-bit games console and is essentially a <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">keyboard</a>-less <a href="/wiki/Amiga_1200" title="Amiga 1200">Amiga 1200</a> <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> without the <a href="/wiki/I/O_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="I/O ports">I/O ports</a>, but with the addition of a <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> drive in place of <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy</a> and a modified <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Graphics_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Graphics Architecture">Advanced Graphics Architecture</a> chipset for improved graphical performance.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike Commodore's <a href="/wiki/CDTV" title="CDTV">CDTV</a> released two years prior, the CD32 was designed specifically as a games machine. The majority of CD32 game software were ports of existing Amiga 1200 or <a href="/wiki/Amiga_500" title="Amiga 500">Amiga 500</a> titles, and many did not take advantage of CD capabilities like <a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">CD music</a> or <a href="/wiki/Full-motion_video" title="Full-motion video">full-motion video</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it had sold middingly in European markets, the console was withdrawn from sale after only a short time as Commodore filed for bankruptcy in April 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Codename" class="mw-redirect" title="Codename">Codenamed</a> "Spellbound",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commodore first announced the Amiga CD32 at the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Museum (London)">Science Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> on July 16, 1993 amid great fanfare from the British media.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the healthy popularity of <a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a> in Europe as of 1992,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commodore's financial situation was dire, and the Amiga CD32 was the important product to turn around its fortunes.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Christmas period following its launch, the CD32 accounted for 38% of all CD-ROM drive sales in Britain, exceeding sales of the <a href="/wiki/Mega-CD" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega-CD">Mega-CD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-marketShareGallup_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketShareGallup-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately during the brief Amiga CD32 presence in the market, approximately 25,000 units were sold in Germany,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and around <span class="nowrap">100,000 units</span> were sold in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-marketShare2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketShare2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commodore demonstrated the system at the <a href="/wiki/World_of_Commodore_Amiga" class="mw-redirect" title="World of Commodore Amiga">World of Commodore Amiga</a> show in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a> in September 1993, promising to sell the console in some American cities by Christmas with wider distribution in January 1994 for <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$399</span> (equivalent to $868.5 in 2024). <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i> reported in November 1993 that "a significant amount of software will be available immediately" for the console, based on the <a href="/wiki/Amiga_1200" title="Amiga 1200">Amiga 1200</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cgw199311_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199311-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CD32 was released in Canada and Australia, and Commodore stated that the console would launch in the United States in either late February or early March 1994, at the price of $399 with two <a href="/wiki/Pack-in_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Pack-in game">pack-in games</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pinball_Fantasies" title="Pinball Fantasies">Pinball Fantasies</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sleepwalker_(video_game)" title="Sleepwalker (video game)">Sleepwalker</a></i>, and six separately sold launch games.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a deadline was reached for Commodore to pay <span class="nowrap">10 million USD</span><sup id="cite_ref-ac_eric_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ac_eric-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in patent royalty to <span class="nowrap">Cad Track</span> (<span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4197590">U.S. patent 4,197,590</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-mit_heckel_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit_heckel-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for its use of its XOR patent.<sup id="cite_ref-Perelman_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perelman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A federal judge ordered an injunction against Commodore preventing it from importing anything into the United States. Commodore had built up CD32 inventory in its <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippine</a> manufacturing facility for the United States launch, but, being unable to sell the consoles, they remained in the Philippines until the debts owed to the owners of the facility were settled. Commodore declared <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> shortly afterward, and the CD32 was never officially sold in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Perelman_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perelman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, imported models came over the border from Canada, and many stores in the United States (primarily mail-order stores) imported units for domestic sale. During the long bankruptcy proceedings, <span class="nowrap">Commodore UK</span> also provided some hardware components and software for the American market, including production of the <a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a> Video Module, which was not officially released by Commodore International. </p><p>Ultimately, Commodore was not able to meet demand for new units because of component supply problems. Sales of the CD32 in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> were not enough to save Commodore, and the bankruptcy of Commodore International in April 1994 caused the CD32 to be discontinued only eight months after its debut.<sup id="cite_ref-discontinuation_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discontinuation-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amiga-CD32-Back-wCover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Amiga-CD32-Back-wCover.jpg/220px-Amiga-CD32-Back-wCover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Amiga-CD32-Back-wCover.jpg/330px-Amiga-CD32-Back-wCover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Amiga-CD32-Back-wCover.jpg/440px-Amiga-CD32-Back-wCover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5730" data-file-height="1710" /></a><figcaption>Back of CD32</figcaption></figure><p>The CD32 was marketed on its box as "The World's First 32-bit CD Games Console". Although it is the first such machine released in Europe and North America, it was beaten to market by seven months by the <a href="/wiki/FM_Towns_Marty" title="FM Towns Marty">FM Towns Marty</a>, a console released exclusively in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. However, the CD32's <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68020#Variant" title="Motorola 68020">68EC020</a> processor has a 32-bit data bus both internally and externally, but the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80386#The_80386SX_variant" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80386">386SX</a> in the FM Towns Marty has a 16-bit data bus externally. However, because the CD32 shipped with 2MB of RAM shared between the chipset and the CPU, this means the CPU is bottlenecked when accessing memory, similar to an Amiga 1200 operating without 32-bit "fast" (CPU dedicated) RAM.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessories">Accessories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Accessories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Amiga_CD32" title="Special:EditPage/Amiga CD32">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Commodore's <a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a> decompression module for the CD32 provides support for playing <a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">Video CD</a> and <a href="/wiki/CD%2BG" title="CD+G">CD+G</a> releases,<sup id="cite_ref-marketShareGallup_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketShareGallup-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attaching to the rear of the console and augmenting it with an MPEG decoder chipset from <a href="/wiki/C-Cube" title="C-Cube">C-Cube</a> together with <span class="nowrap">1.5 MB</span> of video RAM. The unit, demonstrated at the 1994 <a href="/wiki/CeBIT" title="CeBIT">CeBIT</a> show, was priced at around £200.<sup id="cite_ref-amigaformat199405_cebit_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amigaformat199405_cebit-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CD32 can be enhanced using these devices: </p><p> ProModule, Paravision SX-1, DCE SX-32 (which optionally includes <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68030" title="Motorola 68030">68030</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a>) and Terrible Fire's TF328 and TF330 (which add 2.5" IDE, keyboard connector and 8Mb/64mb of Fastmem).</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amiga-CD32-Controller-L.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amiga-CD32-Controller-L.jpg/220px-Amiga-CD32-Controller-L.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amiga-CD32-Controller-L.jpg/330px-Amiga-CD32-Controller-L.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amiga-CD32-Controller-L.jpg/440px-Amiga-CD32-Controller-L.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5460" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption>The CD32's controller</figcaption></figure><p>Those devices extend the capabilities of the Amiga CD32, allowing it to utilize hardware such as an external 3.5" floppy disk drive, <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk">hard disk</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_keyboard" title="IBM PC keyboard">IBM PC keyboard</a> (a CD32-branded keyboard was officially released however, which used the AUX port on the left of the machine). An Amiga CD32 can be turned into a <i>de facto</i> Amiga 1200 via the addition of third-party packages. The SX-1 appears to have been designed around Commodore's mechanical specs and not the actual production units – it did not fit very well and requires an internal "modification" to equip it properly. Consequently, the SX-1 can be jarred loose if the console is not handled gently. The upgraded SX-32 expansion pack (which included a 68030 <span class="nowrap">25 MHz</span> processor) solves these problems. </p><p>Not wishing to repeat its earlier mistake of offering a way to turn a CD32 into an enhanced A1200 as it did with the A500-based CDTV,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Commodore itself made no hardware available for that purpose. One of its last hardware designs, however, was an external <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> drive for the A1200 that featured the CD32's Akiko chip, thus turning any A1200 into a CD32-compatible system. The only currently known surviving prototype of the CD1200 drive resides at the <a href="/wiki/Retro_Computer_Museum" title="Retro Computer Museum">Retro Computer Museum</a> in Leicester.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to its own special controllers, the Amiga CD32 is compatible with most controllers designed for the <a href="/wiki/Atari_joystick_port" title="Atari joystick port">Atari joystick port</a> from the 1980s and 1990s, as well as Amiga <a href="/wiki/Mouse_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse (computing)">mice</a> and paddles. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CDs</a> created for the CD32 conform to <a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">ISO 9660</a> level2 mode1, although the <a href="/wiki/Rock_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock Ridge">Rock Ridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joliet_(ISO_9660_Extension)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joliet (ISO 9660 Extension)">Joliet</a> extensions are not compatible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Amiga_CD32" title="Special:EditPage/Amiga CD32">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Amiga_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiga games">Amiga games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amiga_demos" title="Amiga demos">Amiga demos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Amiga_CD32_games" title="List of Amiga CD32 games">List of Amiga CD32 games</a></div> <p>If the system is turned on without a CD, a splash screen with scrolling colors will appear and a tune will play. After this tune ends, the user can press the blue button on the game pad to enter a language selection menu. The user can also press the red button to access a menu where they can view the contents of the internal Flash ROM. Unlike most game consoles, this menu does not allow the user to delete items. Instead, the system will automatically overwrite the oldest entries when the memory runs out. The menu does, however, allow the user to "lock" files to prevent overwriting. </p><p>The CD32 launch bundle includes two games: <i><a href="/wiki/Diggers_(computer_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diggers (computer game)">Diggers</a></i>, a new game from <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Interactive">Millennium Interactive</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Oscar_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar (game)">Oscar</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/Flair_Software" title="Flair Software">Flair Software</a>. A later pack includes the one-on-one fighting game <i><a href="/wiki/Dangerous_Streets" title="Dangerous Streets">Dangerous Streets</a></i>, a move by Commodore that was met with derision by the press. Many reviewers had given <i>Dangerous Streets</i> terrible scores (<i><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Power" title="Amiga Power">Amiga Power</a></i> rating it just 3%<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and were surprised that with a slew of powerful rival consoles about to hit the market, Commodore would choose to show off the abilities of its machine with a poor game.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The CD32 is capable of running most of the releases for the Amiga <a href="/wiki/Commodore_CDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore CDTV">CDTV</a> multimedia device, but differences in CPU speed and Kickstart version prevent some of the earlier CDTV releases from running. Most of the games released for the CD32 are simply <a href="/wiki/Porting" title="Porting">ports</a> of games that were already available for Amiga computers.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One benefit of this is that, when appropriate, many games retain the ability to use an Amiga mouse (in port 2) or Amiga keyboard (plugged into the AUX port). </p><p>Like all later Amiga computers, the CD32 has a hidden boot menu that can be accessed by plugging an Amiga mouse into port 2 and holding both buttons down while turning the system on. Most of the options in this menu are not useful on a CD32, but from this menu the user can choose to boot in either <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a> or <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a> mode. This is important, as there are some games that will not work if the system is in the wrong mode, and most games don't advertise what video mode they were developed for. Despite the naming, the menu really only allows a choice of <span class="nowrap">60 Hz</span> or <span class="nowrap">50 Hz</span> video output; a PAL system booted in NTSC mode will still output a video signal using PAL color encoding, which will usually result in a black-and-white picture when connected to an NTSC television. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top.jpg/220px-Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top.jpg/330px-Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top.jpg/440px-Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5280" data-file-height="3030" /></a><figcaption>Amiga CD32 Mainboard</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Attribute </th> <th>Specification </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">Processor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68EC020" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorola 68EC020">Motorola 68EC020</a> at <span class="nowrap">14.32 MHz</span> (<a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>) or <span class="nowrap">14.18 MHz</span> (<a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Random_access_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Random access memory">RAM</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">2 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Amiga_Chip_RAM" title="Amiga Chip RAM">Amiga Chip RAM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">1 MB</span> <a href="/wiki/Kickstart_(Amiga)" title="Kickstart (Amiga)">Kickstart</a> ROM with CD32 firmware<br /> <p>1 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a> non-volatile <a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a><sup id="cite_ref-EEPROM_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEPROM-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> memory for game saves </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chipset </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Graphics_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Graphics Architecture">Advanced Graphics Architecture</a> (AGA)<br /> <p>Additional <a href="/wiki/Akiko_(Amiga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akiko (Amiga)">Akiko</a> chip (<a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> controller and performs <a href="/wiki/Packed_pixel" title="Packed pixel">chunky</a> to <a href="/wiki/Planar_(computer_graphics)" title="Planar (computer graphics)">planar</a> graphics conversion) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Video </td> <td>24-bit color palette (16.8 million colors)<br /> <p>Up to 256 on-screen colours in indexed mode<br /> <span class="nowrap">262 144</span> on-screen colors in <a href="/wiki/Hold-and-Modify" class="mw-redirect" title="Hold-and-Modify">HAM-8</a> mode </p><p>Resolutions from: </p> <ul><li>320×200 to 1280×400<a href="/wiki/Interlaced" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlaced">i</a> (NTSC)</li> <li>320×256 to 1280×512i (PAL)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Audio </td> <td>4 × 8-bit <a href="/wiki/PCM" class="mw-redirect" title="PCM">PCM</a> channels (2 <a href="/wiki/Stereophonic_sound" title="Stereophonic sound">stereo</a> channels)<br /> <p>28 kHz maximum <a href="/wiki/Direct_memory_access" title="Direct memory access">DMA</a> <a href="/wiki/Sampling_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampling rate">sampling rate</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Removable storage </td> <td>Double-speed (300 KB/s) <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> drive (proprietary <a href="/wiki/Matsushita_Electric_Industrial_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.">MKE</a> controller) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Input/Output ports </td> <td>Front: <ul><li>Headphone jack <span class="nowrap">3.5 mm</span> <a href="/wiki/TRS_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="TRS connector">TRS stereo jack</a> with volume control<sup id="cite_ref-bb_cd32man_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb_cd32man-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Left: </p> <ul><li>2 × Mouse/Gamepad ports (<a href="/wiki/DE-9_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="DE-9 connector">DE9M</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-bb_cd32man_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb_cd32man-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a> <a href="/wiki/Serial_port" title="Serial port">serial</a> AUX port and for keyboard etc. (6-pin <a href="/wiki/Mini-DIN_connector" title="Mini-DIN connector">mini-DIN</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-bb_cd32man_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb_cd32man-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Back: </p> <ul><li>Expansion slot behind a plate</li> <li>Power switch<sup id="cite_ref-bb_cd32man_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb_cd32man-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Power input for +5V DC 2.2A<sup id="cite_ref-cd32psu_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd32psu-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and +12V DC 500mA<sup id="cite_ref-cd32psu_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd32psu-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/DIN_connector" title="DIN connector">4-pin DIN</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-hd_cd32pwr_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hd_cd32pwr-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RF_connector" title="RF connector">RF</a> audio/video out (RCA) and channel adjust<sup id="cite_ref-bb_cd32man_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb_cd32man-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Video" title="S-Video">S-Video</a> out (4-pin <a href="/wiki/Mini-DIN_connector" title="Mini-DIN connector">mini-DIN</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-bb_cd32man_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb_cd32man-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However French versions had 8-pin Mini-DIN instead with RGB signals.<sup id="cite_ref-abime_rgb_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abime_rgb-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_video" title="Composite video">Composite video</a> out (RCA)<sup id="cite_ref-bb_cd32man_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb_cd32man-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Audio out Left & Right (2 × <a href="/wiki/RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Expansion slots </td> <td>182-pin expansion socket for official <a href="/wiki/Full_motion_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Full motion video">MPEG</a> decoder cartridge or third party devices such as the SX-1 and SX32 expansion packs </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/AmigaOS_versions#AmigaOS_3.0.2C_3.1" class="mw-redirect" title="AmigaOS versions">AmigaOS 3.1</a> (Kickstart 3.1 and CD32 firmware) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i> magazine in January 1994 stated that "<i>in spite</i> of Commodore's earlier efforts to disguise the fact—the Amiga is a great gaming platform", but wondered if the company could successfully market the console in the US; "The <a href="/wiki/CDTV" title="CDTV">CDTV</a> fiasco certainly isn't reassuring. Will there be enough U.S. developers to make the investment worthwhile?"<sup id="cite_ref-cgw199401_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199401-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several magazines were launched that were dedicated to the CD32. In particular, <a href="/wiki/Paragon_Publishing" title="Paragon Publishing">Paragon Publishing</a> released <i>Amiga CD32 Gamer</i>, which lasted 21 issues until February 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Retro_Gamer''._No._17577_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Retro_Gamer''._No._17577-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deployments">Deployments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Deployments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Amiga_CD32" title="Special:EditPage/Amiga CD32">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1993, 109 CD32 units were installed to run the interactive exhibits at the <a href="/wiki/London_Transport_Museum" title="London Transport Museum">London Transport Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TfL_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TfL-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They provided information, animations, pictures, sound, and text available in several languages, and a London Underground simulator. The systems were produced by the <a href="/wiki/Odiham" title="Odiham">Odiham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>-based company Index Information, using their CD32x interface units.<sup id="cite_ref-CD32x_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CD32x-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, an Italian company named CD Express used the CD32 as a basis for an arcade machine called CUBO CD32.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inside these machines, stock CD32s were hooked up to an external circuit board which essentially acted as a converter to route all the input and output into a standard <a href="/wiki/JAMMA" class="mw-redirect" title="JAMMA">JAMMA</a> connector for use in an arcade cabinet. The software was provided on CD-ROM. Nine games are known to exist, all of which are original games created by CD Express. </p><p>In the mid to late 1990s, some vehicle registries in Canada used CD32 systems for interactive multimedia testing for drivers license applications. </p><p>In the late 1990s to early 2000s, slot machine manufacturer StarGames used a stripped down CD32 motherboard in many of its slot machines. Machines confirmed to be operating on CD32 hardware are <i>Hawaiian Delight</i>, <i>Leprechaun Luck</i>, and <i>Mister Magic</i>. </p><p>From 1994 to 1997, <a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Learning" title="Sylvan Learning">Sylvan Learning Systems</a> used CD32 systems in its Wall Street Institute learning centers. Main features include software with voice tone recognition and interactive activities very focused on listening. Those consoles have a floppy disk drive unit attached, with a clock unit, for saving students' progress and sharing them with teachers. Data was stored in a central database and the system offered an advanced multimedia environment with statistics. It was replaced with PC systems after some years of intensive use and a very strong stock of spare consoles and pieces. </p><p>In 1995, Taurus Ventures Inc in <a href="/wiki/Burnaby,_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Burnaby, BC">Burnaby, BC</a> developed the VanCity Direct TV system based on the CD32 for the <a href="/wiki/VanCity" class="mw-redirect" title="VanCity">VanCity</a> Credit Union. It features a custom modem, also designed by TVi.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Boingball.png/28px-Boingball.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Boingball.png/42px-Boingball.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Boingball.png/56px-Boingball.png 2x" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="96" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Amiga" title="Portal:Amiga">Amiga portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_CDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore CDTV">Commodore CDTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64_Games_System" title="Commodore 64 Games System">Commodore 64 Games System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_models_and_variants" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiga models and variants">Amiga models and variants</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amiga-world-1993-10/page/n9">"Commodore launches CD32"</a>. <i>Amiga World Magazine</i>. October 1993.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amiga+World+Magazine&rft.atitle=Commodore+launches+CD32&rft.date=1993-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famiga-world-1993-10%2Fpage%2Fn9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pcmuseum.tripod.com/multirev.html">"The Amiga or the multimedia revolution"</a>. <i>pcmuseum.tripod.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pcmuseum.tripod.com&rft.atitle=The+Amiga+or+the+multimedia+revolution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpcmuseum.tripod.com%2Fmultirev.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/commodore-world-02/page/n9">"Commodore announces liquidation"</a>. <i>Commodore World</i>. Vol. 1, no. 2. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commodore+World&rft.atitle=Commodore+announces+liquidation&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcommodore-world-02%2Fpage%2Fn9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigbookofamigahardware.com/bboah/media/download_photos/cd32motherboardr3.jpg">"CD 32 Board image"</a>. <i>bigbookofamigahardware.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bigbookofamigahardware.com&rft.atitle=CD+32+Board+image&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigbookofamigahardware.com%2Fbboah%2Fmedia%2Fdownload_photos%2Fcd32motherboardr3.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Amiga_Shopper_Issue_29_1993-09_Future_Publishing_GB/page/n3">"New machine means make or break for Commodore"</a>. <i>Amiga Shopper</i>. No. 29. September 1993. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amiga+Shopper&rft.atitle=New+machine+means+make+or+break+for+Commodore&rft.issue=29&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1993-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAmiga_Shopper_Issue_29_1993-09_Future_Publishing_GB%2Fpage%2Fn3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marketShareGallup-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marketShareGallup_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marketShareGallup_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224312/http://www.amigareport.com/ar209/p1-2.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Amiga Report International Online Magazine", Issue No. 2.09 – "Amiga News"-section"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2013</span>. <q>1=Red, 2=Blue, 3=Audio (L or R, don't know), 4=Green, 5=Audio (L or R), 6=Luminance, 7=CSync, 8=Chroma</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CD32+SVideo+Out+mini-DIN+with+8+pins&rft.date=2008-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feab.abime.net%2Fsupport-hardware%2F35369-cd32-svideo-out-mini-din-8-pins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cgw199401-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cgw199401_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMillerDilleWilson1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Miller, Chuck; Dille, H. E.; Wilson, Johnny L. (January 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=114">"Battle Of The New Machines"</a>. <i>Computer Gaming World</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">64–</span>76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Gaming+World&rft.atitle=Battle+Of+The+New+Machines&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=1994-01&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft.au=Dille%2C+H.+E.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Johnny+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgwmuseum.org%2Fgalleries%2Findex.php%3Fyear%3D1994%26pub%3D2%26id%3D114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Retro_Gamer''._No._17577-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Retro_Gamer''._No._17577_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRetro_Gamer._No._175"><i>Retro Gamer</i>. No. 175</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TfL-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TfL_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/press/indexcd32.html">"CD32: The Hyper-Museum Project"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_London" title="Transport for London">Transport for London</a>. July 16, 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230308/http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/press/indexcd32.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CD32%3A+The+Hyper-Museum+Project&rft.pub=Transport+for+London&rft.date=1993-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amigahistory.co.uk%2Fpress%2Findexcd32.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CD32x-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CD32x_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/cd32x.html">"The CD32xpansion"</a>. June 21, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015200858/http://amigahistory.co.uk/cd32x.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+CD32xpansion&rft.date=2002-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amigahistory.co.uk%2Fcd32x.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013122834/http://www.amiga-hardware.com/showhardware.cgi?HARDID=36">"CD Express: CUBO CD32"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amiga-hardware.com/showhardware.cgi?HARDID%3D36">the original</a> on October 13, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CD+Express%3A+CUBO+CD32&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amiga-hardware.com%2Fshowhardware.cgi%3FHARDID%253D36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5wHlLTFI9Yk"><i>Vancity Direct TV Home Banking Walkthrough</i></a>. <i>YouTube</i>. January 14, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/5wHlLTFI9Yk">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vancity+Direct+TV+Home+Banking+Walkthrough&rft.date=2015-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D5wHlLTFI9Yk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amigareport.com/ar222/p1-2.html">"Amiga News"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amiga+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amigareport.com%2Far222%2Fp1-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmiga_CD32_Gamer._No._1" class="citation magazine cs1">Holborn, Jason (Spring 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amiga-cd-32-gamer-issue-1/page/58">"Feature: Cutting Edge"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32_Gamer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amiga CD32 Gamer (page does not exist)">Amiga CD32 Gamer</a></i>. No. 1. <a href="/wiki/Paragon_Publishing" title="Paragon Publishing">Paragon Publishing</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">58–</span>61. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1353-484X">1353-484X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amiga+CD32+Gamer&rft.atitle=Feature%3A+Cutting+Edge&rft.ssn=spring&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E58-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=1994&rft.issn=1353-484X&rft.aulast=Holborn&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famiga-cd-32-gamer-issue-1%2Fpage%2F58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRetro_Gamer._No._175" class="citation magazine cs1">Crookes, David (November 30, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/retro-gamer-raspberry-pi-buenos-aires/Retro%20Gamer%20175/page/72">"Amiga CD32"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a></i>. No. 175. pp. <span class="nowrap">72–</span>77<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Retro+Gamer&rft.atitle=Amiga+CD32&rft.issue=175&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E72-%3C%2Fspan%3E77&rft.date=2017-11-30&rft.aulast=Crookes&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fretro-gamer-raspberry-pi-buenos-aires%2FRetro%2520Gamer%2520175%2Fpage%2F72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmiga+CD32" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CD32&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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href="/wiki/List_of_Amiga_models_and_variants" title="List of Amiga models and variants">Amiga models</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_1000" title="Amiga 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_500" title="Amiga 500">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_500_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiga 500 Plus">500 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_600" title="Amiga 600">600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_1200" title="Amiga 1200">1200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_1500" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiga 1500">1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_2000" title="Amiga 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_2500" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiga 2500">2500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_3000" title="Amiga 3000">3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_3000T" title="Amiga 3000T">3000T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_3000UX" title="Amiga 3000UX">3000UX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_4000" title="Amiga 4000">4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_4000T" title="Amiga 4000T">4000T</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CD32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_CDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore CDTV">CDTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">AmigaOne models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaOne" title="AmigaOne">AmigaOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam460ex" title="Sam460ex">AmigaOne 500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmigaOne_X1000" title="AmigaOne X1000">AmigaOne X1000</a></li> <li>AmigaOne X5000</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unofficial 68k models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minimig" title="Minimig">Minimig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natami" class="mw-redirect" title="Natami">Natami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unofficial PPC models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pegasos" title="Pegasos">Pegasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efika" title="Efika">Efika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam440ep" title="Sam440ep">Sam440ep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam440ep" title="Sam440ep">Sam440ep-flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam460ex" title="Sam460ex">Sam460ex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam460ex_Lite" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam460ex Lite">Sam460ex Lite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amiga prototypes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Walker" title="Amiga Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_A5000" title="Power A5000">Power A5000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amiga chipsets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Original_Chip_Set" class="mw-redirect" title="Original Chip Set">Original Chip Set (OCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Ranger_Chipset" title="Amiga Ranger Chipset">Ranger Chipset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Enhanced_Chip_Set" title="Amiga Enhanced Chip Set">Enhanced Chipset (ECS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Advanced_Graphics_Architecture" title="Amiga Advanced Graphics Architecture">Advanced Graphics Architecture (AGA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Advanced_Architecture_chipset" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiga Advanced Architecture chipset">Amiga Advanced Architecture chipset (AAA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_AA%2B_Chipset" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore AA+ Chipset">Commodore AA+ Chipset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Hombre_chipset" title="Amiga Hombre chipset">Amiga Hombre chipset</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amiga custom chips</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_Agnus" title="MOS Technology Agnus">Agnus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blitter_(OCS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blitter (OCS)">Blitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_(OCS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper (OCS)">Copper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_(computer_chip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice (computer chip)">Alice (AGA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_(OCS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Denise (OCS)">Denise (OCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_(computer_chip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisa (computer chip)">Lisa (AGA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_(computer_chip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paula (computer chip)">Paula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_custom_chips" title="Amiga custom chips">other Amiga custom chips</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Chip_RAM" title="Amiga Chip RAM">Chip RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold-And-Modify" title="Hold-And-Modify">Hold-And-Modify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Halfbrite_mode" title="Amiga Halfbrite mode">Extra Half-Brite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickstart_(Amiga)" title="Kickstart (Amiga)">Kickstart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd Party Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flicker_fixer" title="Flicker fixer">Flicker fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_Replay" title="Action Replay">Action Replay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Sidecar" title="Amiga Sidecar">Amiga Sidecar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_II" title="Amiga Zorro II">Amiga Zorro II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_III" title="Amiga Zorro III">Amiga Zorro III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_video_connector" title="Amiga video connector">Amiga video connector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commodore_International808" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commodore_International" title="Template:Commodore International"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commodore_International" title="Template talk:Commodore International"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commodore_International" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commodore International"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commodore_International808" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore International</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Tramiel" title="Jack Tramiel">Jack Tramiel</a> (founder/CEO, 1958–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Gould" title="Irving Gould">Irving Gould</a> (CEO, 1984–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Haynie" title="Dave Haynie">Dave Haynie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bil_Herd" title="Bil Herd">Bil Herd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Miner" title="Jay Miner">Jay Miner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Needle" title="Dave Needle">Dave Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Peddle" title="Chuck Peddle">Chuck Peddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sassenrath" title="Carl Sassenrath">Carl Sassenrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz_Shivji" title="Shiraz Shivji">Shiraz Shivji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Yannes" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Yannes">Robert Yannes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Commodore_C%3D_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Commodore_C%3D_logo.svg/110px-Commodore_C%3D_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Commodore_C%3D_logo.svg/165px-Commodore_C%3D_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Commodore_C%3D_logo.svg/220px-Commodore_C%3D_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="122" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Corporation" title="Amiga Corporation">Amiga Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Business_Machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore Business Machines">Commodore Business Machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology" title="MOS Technology">MOS Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Semiconductor_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore Semiconductor Group">Commodore Semiconductor Group</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computers†</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KIM-1" title="KIM-1">KIM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_PET" title="Commodore PET">PET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_CBM-II" title="Commodore CBM-II">CBM-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIC-20" title="VIC-20">VIC-20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C64</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAX_Machine" title="MAX Machine">MAX Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64_Games_System" title="Commodore 64 Games System">C64GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_SX-64" title="Commodore SX-64">SX-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Educator_64" title="Commodore Educator 64">Educator 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_16" title="Commodore 16">Commodore 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Plus/4" title="Commodore Plus/4">Plus/4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_128" title="Commodore 128">Commodore 128</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_1000" title="Amiga 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_500" title="Amiga 500">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_2000" title="Amiga 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_2500" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiga 2500">2500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_1500" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiga 1500">1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_CDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore CDTV">CDTV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CD32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_3000" title="Amiga 3000">3000</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Amiga_3000UX" title="Amiga 3000UX">3000UX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_3000T" title="Amiga 3000T">3000T</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_500_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiga 500 Plus">500 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_600" title="Amiga 600">600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_1200" title="Amiga 1200">1200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_4000" title="Amiga 4000">4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_4000T" title="Amiga 4000T">4000T</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_IBM_PC_compatible_systems" title="Commodore IBM PC compatible systems">IBM PC compatible</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_PC1" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore PC1">PC1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_PC10" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore PC10">PC10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_PC20" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore PC20">PC20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_PC30" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore PC30">PC30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_PC40" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore PC40">PC40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_PC50" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore PC50">PC50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_PC60" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore PC60">PC60</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled prototypes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_LCD" title="Commodore LCD">Commodore LCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_900" title="Commodore 900">Commodore 900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_65" title="Commodore 65">Commodore 65</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_1351" title="Commodore 1351">1351 mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64_peripherals" title="Commodore 64 peripherals">Commodore 64 peripherals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Expander" title="Super Expander">Super Expander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Expander_64" title="Super Expander 64">Super Expander 64</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Unix" title="Amiga Unix">Amiga Unix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_BASIC" title="Commodore BASIC">Commodore BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_DOS" title="Commodore DOS">Commodore DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KERNAL" title="KERNAL">KERNAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_games_for_Commodore_platforms" title="List of cancelled games for Commodore platforms">List of cancelled games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Desk" title="Magic Desk">Magic Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simons%27_BASIC" title="Simons' BASIC">Simons' BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiga,_Inc." title="Amiga, Inc.">Amiga, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_USA" title="Commodore USA">Commodore USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escom_AG" title="Escom AG">Escom AG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>† Listed in chronological order by category <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Commodore_International" title="Category:Commodore International">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Commodore_International" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Commodore International">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Amiga_hardware" title="Template:Amiga hardware">Amiga hardware template</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Commodore_disk_drives" title="Template:Commodore disk drives">Storage devices template</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:MOS_Video/Sound" title="Template:MOS Video/Sound">MOS chips template</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_consoles_(fifth_generation)618" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_consoles" title="Template:Video game consoles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_consoles" title="Template talk:Video game consoles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_consoles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game consoles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_consoles_(fifth_generation)618" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Video game consoles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">fifth generation</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Form factor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game console</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microconsole" title="Microconsole">Microconsole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">Handheld game console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Hybrid_video_game_console" title="Video game console">Hybrid video game console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functionality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_console" title="Dedicated console">Dedicated console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Retro_style_console" title="Video game console">Retro style console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="Home video game console generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="First generation of video game consoles">First (1972–1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">Second (1976–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">Third (1983–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">Fourth (1987–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">Fifth (1993–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Sixth generation of video game consoles">Sixth (1998–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Seventh generation of video game consoles">Seventh (2005–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Eighth generation of video game consoles">Eighth (2012–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Ninth generation of video game consoles">Ninth (2020–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fifth<br />generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DO" title="3DO">3DO</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amiga CD32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Atari Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_Loopy" title="Casio Loopy">Casio Loopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_Towns_Marty" title="FM Towns Marty">FM Towns Marty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-FX" title="PC-FX">NEC PC-FX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playdia" title="Playdia">Playdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Sega Saturn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handheld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_Master_Senshi_Mangajukuu" class="mw-redirect" title="Design Master Senshi Mangajukuu">Design Master Senshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Color" title="Game Boy Color">Game Boy Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game.com" title="Game.com">Game.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_Pocket_Color" title="Neo Geo Pocket Color">Neo Geo Pocket Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PocketStation" title="PocketStation">PocketStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-Zone" title="R-Zone">R-Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Nomad" title="Genesis Nomad">Genesis Nomad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Boy" title="Virtual Boy">Virtual Boy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dedicated_video_game_consoles" title="List of dedicated video game consoles">Dedicated video game consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_handheld_game_consoles" title="List of handheld game consoles">Handheld game consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_home_video_game_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of home video game consoles">Home video game consoles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microconsoles" title="List of microconsoles">Microconsoles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retro_style_video_game_consoles" title="List of retro style video game consoles">Retro style video game consoles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">← Fourth generation</a></div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Sixth generation of video game consoles">Sixth generation →</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">Emulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_game" title="Console game">Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_console_gaming" title="Online console gaming">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles" title="History of video game consoles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_video_game_consoles" title="Lists of video game consoles">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Console manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Home_video_game_consoles336" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Template:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Template talk:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Home_video_game_consoles336" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game consoles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_5200" title="Atari 5200">Atari 5200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_7800" title="Atari 7800">Atari 7800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_XEGS" title="Atari XEGS">XEGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Flashback" title="Atari Flashback">Flashback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_VCS_(2021_console)" title="Atari VCS (2021 console)">VCS (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600%2B" title="Atari 2600+">2600+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_Super_Vision_8000" title="Bandai Super Vision 8000">Super Vision 8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_2001#Bandai_Arcadia" title="Arcadia 2001">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_RX-78" title="Bandai RX-78">RX-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playdia" title="Playdia">Playdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Apple Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terebikko" title="Terebikko">Terebikko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PV-1000" title="PV-1000">PV-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_Loopy" title="Casio Loopy">Casio Loopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coleco_Telstar_Arcade" title="Coleco Telstar Arcade">Coleco Telstar Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColecoVision" title="ColecoVision">ColecoVision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64_Games_System" title="Commodore 64 Games System">Commodore 64 Games System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_CDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore CDTV">CDTV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amiga CD32</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_Co." title="Epoch Co.">Epoch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_Vision" title="Cassette Vision">Cassette Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Cassette_Vision" title="Super Cassette Vision">Super Cassette Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LeapFrog_Enterprises" title="LeapFrog Enterprises">LeapFrog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leapster" title="Leapster">Leapster TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClickStart" title="ClickStart">ClickStart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeapTV" title="LeapTV">LeapTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperScan" title="HyperScan">HyperScan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series X/S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TurboGrafx-16" title="TurboGrafx-16">PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-FX" title="PC-FX">PC-FX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Family Computer/Nintendo Entertainment System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Famicom/Super NES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_2" title="Nintendo Switch 2">Switch 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Q">Panasonic Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey_2" title="Magnavox Odyssey 2">Odyssey 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips_Videopac%2B_G7400" title="Philips Videopac+ G7400">Videopac+ G7400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-i" title="CD-i">CD-i</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Studio_II" title="RCA Studio II">RCA Studio II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuon_(DVD_technology)" title="Nuon (DVD technology)">RCA Nuon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SG-1000" title="SG-1000">SG-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Mega Drive/Genesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sega_CD" title="Sega CD">Sega CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32X" title="32X">32X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamcast" title="Dreamcast">Dreamcast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo" title="Neo Geo">Neo Geo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_CD" title="Neo Geo CD">CD</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> (<a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/VTech" title="VTech">VTech</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VTech_CreatiVision" title="VTech CreatiVision">CreatiVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech_Socrates" title="VTech Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V.Smile" title="V.Smile">V.Smile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V.Flash" title="V.Flash">V.Flash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APF-MP1000" title="APF-MP1000">APF-MP1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bally_Astrocade" title="Bally Astrocade">Bally Astrocade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Channel_F" title="Fairchild Channel F">Fairchild Channel F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interton_Video_Computer_4000" title="Interton Video Computer 4000">Interton VC 4000</a>/<a href="/wiki/1292_Advanced_Programmable_Video_System" title="1292 Advanced Programmable Video System">1292 Advanced Programmable Video System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Max" title="Action Max">Action Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_2001" title="Arcadia 2001">Arcadia 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakken_Compact_Vision_TV_Boy" title="Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy">Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcyon_(console)" title="Halcyon (console)">RDI Halcyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectrex" title="Vectrex">Vectrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View-Master_Interactive_Vision" title="View-Master Interactive Vision">View-Master Interactive Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_GX4000" title="Amstrad GX4000">Amstrad GX4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Apple Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_System#Capcom_Power_System_Changer" title="CP System">CPS Changer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_Towns_Marty" title="FM Towns Marty">FM Towns Marty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoldStar" title="GoldStar">Goldstar</a> (<a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserActive" title="LaserActive">LaserActive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_A%27Can" title="Super A'Can">Super A'Can</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DISCover" title="DISCover">DISCover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVO_Smart_Console" title="EVO Smart Console">EVO Smart Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Wave_Family_Entertainment_System" title="Game Wave Family Entertainment System">Game Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperscan">Hyperscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavix" title="Xavix">Xavix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebo" title="Zeebo">Zeebo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CT510" title="CT510">CT510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_Machine_(hardware_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam Machine (hardware platform)">Steam Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymega" title="Polymega">Polymega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evercade_VS" title="Evercade VS">Evercade VS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_home_video_game_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of home video game consoles">List</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-09-26T06:53:44Z","dateModified":"2024-10-12T16:33:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2b\/Amiga-CD32-wController-L-TRSP.png","headline":"home video game console developed by Commodore"}</script> </body> </html>