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id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Galilejev_dalekozor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galilejev_dalekozor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Galilejev dalekozor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galilejev_dalekozor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dalekozor_s_prizmama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dalekozor_s_prizmama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dalekozor s prizmama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dalekozor_s_prizmama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Svjetlosna_jakost_dalekozora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svjetlosna_jakost_dalekozora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Svjetlosna jakost dalekozora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Svjetlosna_jakost_dalekozora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dalekozor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 22 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Зрителна тръба – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зрителна тръба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullera_de_llarga_vista" title="Ullera de llarga vista – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ullera de llarga vista" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektiv" title="Spektiv – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spektiv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektiv" title="Spektiv – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spektiv" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotting_scope" title="Spotting scope – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Spotting scope" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorno" title="Lorno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lorno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalejo" title="Catalejo – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catalejo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikksilm" title="Pikksilm – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pikksilm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE_%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="تلسکوپ لکه‌یاب – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلسکوپ لکه‌یاب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longue-vue" title="Longue-vue – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Longue-vue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anteollos" title="Anteollos – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anteollos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97" title="フィールドスコープ – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィールドスコープ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8F%AC%ED%8C%85_%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%ED%94%84" title="스포팅 스코프 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스포팅 스코프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81lskatis" title="Tālskatis – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tālskatis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feltteleskop" title="Feltteleskop – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Feltteleskop" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunet%C4%83" title="Lunetă – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lunetă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Зрительная труба – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зрительная труба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durbin" title="Durbin – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Durbin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubkikare" title="Tubkikare – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tubkikare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="กล้องส่องทางไกล – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กล้องส่องทางไกล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Зорова труба – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зорова труба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%91%91%E8%AD%98%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="鑑識望遠鏡 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鑑識望遠鏡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1752914#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dalekozor" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Dalekozor&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dalekozor"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Dalekozor" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Dalekozor" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&oldid=6909053" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Negretti_zambra_telescope_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Negretti_zambra_telescope_2.jpg/300px-Negretti_zambra_telescope_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Negretti_zambra_telescope_2.jpg/450px-Negretti_zambra_telescope_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Negretti_zambra_telescope_2.jpg/600px-Negretti_zambra_telescope_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Dalekozor.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dalekozor</b> je <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optički</a> instrument za promatranje <a href="/wiki/Daljina" class="mw-disambig" title="Daljina">udaljenih</a> predmeta, koji se kroz njega vide pod većim <a href="/wiki/Vidno_polje" title="Vidno polje">vidnim kutom</a>, a to stvara dojam da se udaljenost predmeta smanjila. Prema tome da li se zrake <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> u dalekozoru <a href="/wiki/Refrakcija" title="Refrakcija">lome</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Refleksija" title="Refleksija">reflektiraju</a>, dalekozori se dijele u dioptričke, katoptričke i katadioptričke. Prvi dalekozor konstruirao je vjerojatno u Italiji oko 1590. <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_della_Porta" title="Giambattista della Porta">Giambattista della Porta</a>. Saznavši za to otkriće, izradio ga je i <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> i opisao način njegove izradbe. Godine 1609. otkrio je Galilei s pomoću dalekozora <a href="/wiki/Galilejanski_mjeseci" title="Galilejanski mjeseci">Jupiterove satelite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturnovi_prsteni" title="Saturnovi prsteni">Saturnov prsten</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege" title="Sunčeve pjege">pjege na Suncu</a>. Po <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Keplerovoj</a> teoriji o dalekozoru (1611.) izgrađen je prvi astronomski (Keplerov) dalekozor (<a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">teleskop</a>), koji se u <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">astronomiji</a> održao do danas. Kako bi izbjegli <a href="/wiki/Aberacija" class="mw-disambig" title="Aberacija">aberaciju</a> <a href="/wiki/Le%C4%87a_(optika)" title="Leća (optika)">leća</a>, astronomi su umjesto leće počeli stavljati sferno udubljeno <a href="/wiki/Zrcalo" title="Zrcalo">zrcalo</a>. Takvim dalekozorom (<a href="/wiki/Reflektorski_teleskop" title="Reflektorski teleskop">reflektorom</a>), koji je sam konstruirao, prvi je promatrao nebo <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> (1671.). Prvo veliko zrcalo za reflektore s promjerom od 122 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">cm</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDari%C5%A1na_duljina" title="Žarišna duljina">žarišnom daljinom</a> od 10 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">m</a> izradio je <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> (1756.). U današnje doba za <a href="/wiki/Astronomski_instrumenti" title="Astronomski instrumenti">astronomske svrhe</a> grade se uglavnom samo golemi <a href="/wiki/Reflektorski_teleskop" title="Reflektorski teleskop">reflektorski teleskopi</a>, i to s <a href="/wiki/Paraboli%C4%8Dno_zrcalo" title="Parabolično zrcalo">paraboličnim zrcalima</a>. Takvim su instrumentima u naše doba omogućeni novi prodori u daljine <a href="/wiki/Svemir" title="Svemir">svemira</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galilejev_dalekozor">Galilejev dalekozor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Galilejev dalekozor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Galilejev dalekozor"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Galileantelescope.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Galileantelescope.png/400px-Galileantelescope.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Galileantelescope.png/600px-Galileantelescope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Galileantelescope.png/800px-Galileantelescope.png 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Galilejev dalekozor je vrsta <a href="/wiki/Refraktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Refraktor">refraktora</a> kojemu je objektiv <a href="/wiki/Sabirna_le%C4%87a" title="Sabirna leća">sabirna (konveksna) leća</a>, a okular <a href="/wiki/Rastresna_le%C4%87a" title="Rastresna leća">rastresna (konkavna) leća</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Galilejev dalekozor</b> je vrsta refraktora kojemu je objektiv sabirna (konveksna) leća, a okular rastresna (konkavna) leća.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Galilejev dalekozor se sastoji od <a href="/wiki/Sabirna_le%C4%87a" title="Sabirna leća">sabirne leće</a> s velikom <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDari%C5%A1na_daljina" class="mw-redirect" title="Žarišna daljina">žarišnom daljinom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rastresna_le%C4%87a" title="Rastresna leća">rastresne leće</a> s malom žarišnom daljinom. Prva leća služi kao <a href="/wiki/Objektiv" title="Objektiv">objektiv</a>, a druga kao <a href="/wiki/Okular" title="Okular">okular</a>. Pri promatranju predmeta namjesti se razmak leća tako da se stražnje žarište jedne i druge leće podudara. Ako je <i>f<sub>1</sub></i> žarišna daljina objektiva, a <i>f<sub>2</sub></i> žarišna daljina okulara, onda je razmak objektiva i okulara: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle l=f_{1}-f_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>l</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle l=f_{1}-f_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8945fb56a5b527d656440d18c50ea37a7deef463" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.019ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle l=f_{1}-f_{2}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>a to je ujedno <a href="/wiki/Duljina" title="Duljina">duljina</a> dalekozora. Objektiv od sitnog dalekog predmeta načini realnu i obrnutu sliku. No prije negoli ta slika nastane, udare zrake na okular. Za okular je zamišljen (imaginaran) svjetli predmet od kojeg nastane prividna (virtualna), uspravna i povećana slika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dalekozor_s_prizmama">Dalekozor s prizmama</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Dalekozor s prizmama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dalekozor s prizmama"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Dvogled" title="Dvogled">Dvogled</a></div></i></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Monocular.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Monocular.png/300px-Monocular.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Monocular.png/450px-Monocular.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Monocular.png/600px-Monocular.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>Presjek kroz dalekozor koji koristi Schmidt-Pechanovu prizmu:<br /> <b>1</b> - <a href="/wiki/Objektiv" title="Objektiv">objektiv</a> <b>2</b> - Schmidt-Pechanova prizma <b>3</b> - <a href="/wiki/Okular" title="Okular">okular</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalekozor s prizmama je tako konstruiran da se pomoću dviju <a href="/wiki/Prizma_(optika)" title="Prizma (optika)">prizama</a> dobije uspravna slika. Na katetnim plohama svake prizme vrši se dvaput <a href="/wiki/Totalna_refleksija" title="Totalna refleksija">totalna refleksija</a> zrake koja dolazi od objektiva, pa se slika okrene i postane uspravna. Zraka izlazi iz okulara paralelno pomaknuta prema svojem prvobitnom položaju. Ovaj dalekozor je binokularni, pa se može gledati s oba oka. Objektivi su jače razmaknuti od okulara, čime se postiže plastičnost, a duljina dalekozora je malena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Svjetlosna_jakost_dalekozora">Svjetlosna jakost dalekozora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Svjetlosna jakost dalekozora" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Svjetlosna jakost dalekozora"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Svjetlosna_jakost" title="Svjetlosna jakost">Svjetlosna jakost</a></div></i></div> <p>Za dobro i jasno gledanje kroz svaki dalekozor važno je njegovo <a href="/wiki/Uve%C4%87anje_le%C4%87e" title="Uvećanje leće">povećanje</a>, jasnoća slike i vidno polje. Dalekozori prizmatične konstrukcije znatno su kraći od Galilejevih, a uz to i širi, omogućuju veća povećanja, a vidno polje im je do 3 puta veće. Na gornjoj strani dalekozora s prizmama označeno je povećanje i otvor objektiva u milimetrima. Na primjer 6 X 30, što znači da je povećanje 6 puta, a otvor objektiva 30 mm. Ima dalekozora s prizmama s raznim povećanjima od 3 do 12 puta, već prema svrsi za koju su određeni. </p><p>Kroz objektiv svakog dalekozora ulaze zrake svjetlosti, pa što je on širi, ući će u njega više svjetlosti i slika će biti jasnija i oštrija. Međutim kod sve većeg povećanja slika bi bila sve manje i manje jasna. To je zbog toga što se pri većem povećanju ista količina <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> razdijeli na veću površinu slike. Odatle vidimo da treba povećanje, jasnoću i vidno polje dalekozora dovesti kod konstrukcije dalekozora u takav uzajamni sklad da slika bude što jasnija, a vidno polje dovoljno za onu svrhu za koju je dalekozor određen. </p><p><b>Jasnoća slike ovisi o takozvanoj svjetlosnoj jakosti objektiva. Svjetlosna jakost objektiva ovisi o promjeru leće <i>d</i> i o <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDari%C5%A1na_daljina" class="mw-redirect" title="Žarišna daljina">žarišnoj daljini</a> <i>f</i>.</b> Što je veći promjer leće prema žarišnoj daljini, to je veća svjetlosna jakost objektiva, jer će u dalekozor ući više zraka svjetlosti. Imaju li dva objektiva isti promjer, onda je za svjetlost jači objektiv manje žarišne daljine. Imaju li pak jednake žarišne daljine, jači je za svjetlost objektiv većega promjera. </p><p>Svjetlosna jakost <i>F</i> objektiva izražava se omjerom: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F={\frac {d}{f}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F={\frac {d}{f}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aba2edd2f9542484b6f60a9c18d9fa554eeddd20" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:6.954ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F={\frac {d}{f}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>taj se omjer zove <b>relativni otvor objektiva</b>. Ako je na primjer promjer leće 10 mm, a žarišna daljina 120mm, onda je relativni otvor objektiva: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {d}{f}}={\frac {10}{120}}={\frac {1}{12}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>10</mn> <mn>120</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>12</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {d}{f}}={\frac {10}{120}}={\frac {1}{12}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2da5e719d779a701f4a4a732cdea16c59cb8240f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:15.796ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {d}{f}}={\frac {10}{120}}={\frac {1}{12}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Što je manji nazivnik, to je veća svjetlosna jakost objektiva. Ako je na primjer svjetlosna jakost objektiva 1 : 6,3 to znači da je kod promjera leće od 10 mm žarišna daljina 63 mm. Najveća dosada postignuta svjetlosna jakost objektiva je 1 : 1,5 za fotografske kamere, a 1 : 0,9 za kino <a href="/wiki/Projektor" title="Projektor">projektore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalekozor&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?id=13723">dalekozor</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=dalekozor&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2Fnatuknica.aspx%3Fid%3D13723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ADalekozor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Galileantelescope_2.png">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Galileantelescope_2.png</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=21097">Galilejev dalekozor (holandski dalekozor)</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Galilejev+dalekozor+%28holandski+dalekozor%29&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2Fnatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D21097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ADalekozor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="padding:3px"><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:2em; font-family:serif; font-size:180%; padding-right:3px; letter-spacing:-0.1em; background:#f0e0b0">HE</div><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; font-size:82%; padding-left:3px">Dio sadržaja ove stranice preuzet je iz mrežnog izdanja <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija_(LZMK)" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK)">Hrvatske enciklopedije</a> i nije slobodan za daljnju upotrebu pod uvjetima Wikipedijine licencije o sadržaju. 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