CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="eu" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Taula periodikoa - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea.</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )euwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","urtarrila","otsaila","martxoa","apirila","maiatza","ekaina","uztaila","abuztua","iraila","urria","azaroa","abendua"],"wgRequestId":"449de9b7-7595-4322-905e-dcd677e82acd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Taula_periodikoa","wgTitle":"Taula periodikoa","wgCurRevisionId":9916506,"wgRevisionId":9916506,"wgArticleId":20,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Txantiloi-deietan argumentu bikoiztuak erabiltzen dituzten orrialdeak","ISBN lotura magikoak dituzten orrialdeak","Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluak","Hezkuntza Programako artikuluak","Hezkuntza Programa/Fisika eta Kimika","Wikipedia:VIAF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:BNE identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak", "Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:AAT identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Kimika","Zientziaren historia","Jakindunen bideoak dituzten artikuluak"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"eu","wgPageContentLanguage":"eu","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Taula_periodikoa","wgRelevantArticleId":20,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"eu","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"eu"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q10693","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"}; RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ErrefAurrebista","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.TxikipediaTab","ext.gadget.ArtikuluenKalitatea","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg/1200px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="635"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg/800px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="424"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg/640px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="339"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Taula periodikoa - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea."> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodikoa"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Aldatu" href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (eu)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//eu.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodikoa"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom Jarioa" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:AzkenAldaketak&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Taula_periodikoa rootpage-Taula_periodikoa skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Edukira joan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Taula+periodikoa" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Taula+periodikoa" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Taula+periodikoa" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Taula+periodikoa" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Taularen_adierazpen_grafikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taularen_adierazpen_grafikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Taularen adierazpen grafikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taularen_adierazpen_grafikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taula_periodikoaren_ortotipografia_eta_bestelako_informazioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taula_periodikoaren_ortotipografia_eta_bestelako_informazioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taula periodikoaren ortotipografia eta bestelako informazioak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taula_periodikoaren_ortotipografia_eta_bestelako_informazioak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Taula periodikoaren ortotipografia eta bestelako informazioak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taula_periodikoaren_ortotipografia_eta_bestelako_informazioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elementu_kimikoen_izena_eta_ikurra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elementu_kimikoen_izena_eta_ikurra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Elementu kimikoen izena eta ikurra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elementu_kimikoen_izena_eta_ikurra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taula_periodikoaren_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taula_periodikoaren_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Taula periodikoaren historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taula_periodikoaren_historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Taula periodikoaren historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taula_periodikoaren_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sistematizaziorako_lehenengo_saiakerak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistematizaziorako_lehenengo_saiakerak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sistematizaziorako lehenengo saiakerak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistematizaziorako_lehenengo_saiakerak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elementuen_aurkikuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elementuen_aurkikuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Elementuen aurkikuntza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elementuen_aurkikuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elementuen_nozioa_eta_propietate_periodikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elementuen_nozioa_eta_propietate_periodikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Elementuen nozioa eta propietate periodikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elementuen_nozioa_eta_propietate_periodikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masa_atomikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masa_atomikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Masa atomikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masa_atomikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newlandsen_zortzidun_legea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newlandsen_zortzidun_legea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Newlandsen zortzidun legea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newlandsen_zortzidun_legea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mendeleieven_taula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mendeleieven_taula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Mendeleieven taula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mendeleieven_taula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mekanika_kuantikoa_eta_taularen_hedapen_progresiboa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mekanika_kuantikoa_eta_taularen_hedapen_progresiboa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Mekanika kuantikoa eta taularen hedapen progresiboa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mekanika_kuantikoa_eta_taularen_hedapen_progresiboa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ariketak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ariketak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><figcaption></figcaption><p> Ariketak</p></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ariketak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oharrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oharrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Oharrak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oharrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Taula periodikoa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 202 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-202" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">202 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система – abkhaziera" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodieke_tabel" title="Periodieke tabel – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Periodieke tabel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%A8_%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AE%E1%89%BD_%E1%88%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%A5" title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_periodica_d%27os_elementos" title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="الجدول الدوري – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجدول الدوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="طابلو دوري – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طابلو دوري" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جدول دورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جدول دورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabla periódica – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल – awadhiera" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimy%C9%99vi_elementl%C9%99rin_d%C3%B6vri_sistemi" title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88" title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%99%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_p%C3%A9riodik" title="Tabél périodik – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tabél périodik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodnsystem" title="Periodnsystem – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Periodnsystem" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendeliej%C4%97va_kem%C4%97niu_elementu_lental%C4%97" title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryodikong_tableta" title="Peryodikong tableta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Peryodikong tableta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Периодична система – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Периодична система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%EA%A9%BB_%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF" title="পর্যায় সারণি – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্যায় সারণি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8D" title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="পর্যায় সারণী – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পর্যায় সারণী" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolenn_beriodek_an_elfenno%C3%B9" title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Periodni sistem elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D" title="Үелхэ системэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үелхэ системэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Taula periòdica – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngu%C3%B2ng-s%C3%B3_ci%C5%AD-g%C4%AD-bi%C4%93u" title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaang_peryodiko" title="Talaang peryodiko – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Talaang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="خشتەی خولی – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خشتەی خولی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica" title="Tavola periodica – korsikera" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tavola periodica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabulka" title="Periodická tabulka – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Periodická tabulka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabl_cyfnodol" title="Tabl cyfnodol – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tabl cyfnodol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_system" title="Periodiske system – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Periodiske system" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloyo_periyodik" title="Tabloyo periyodik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tabloyo periyodik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0_%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%AA" title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު – dhivehia" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dhivehia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_tabelo" title="Perioda tabelo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perioda tabelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_de_los_elementos" title="Tabla periódica de los elementos – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tabla periódica de los elementos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemiliste_elementide_perioodilisuss%C3%BCsteem" title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabra_peri%C3%BAdica_e_los_elementus" title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="جدول تناوبی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جدول تناوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelejevi_tap%C3%B5l" title="Mendelejevi tapõl – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mendelejevi tapõl" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skei%C3%B0bundna_skipanin" title="Skeiðbundna skipanin – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Skeiðbundna skipanin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tableau périodique des éléments" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioodisch_tab%C3%A4le" title="Perioodisch tabäle – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Perioodisch tabäle" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabele_periodiche" title="Tabele periodiche – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tabele periodiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodyk_systeem_fan_de_eleminten" title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1bla_peiriadach" title="Tábla peiriadach – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tábla peiriadach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_p%C3%A9ryodik_di_s%C3%A9_%C3%A9l%C3%A9man" title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A0r_pillteach" title="Clàr pillteach – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Clàr pillteach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1boa_peri%C3%B3dica_dos_elementos" title="Táboa periódica dos elementos – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Táboa periódica dos elementos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%E1%BB%B9i_k%C3%ADmiko_rechaukaha" title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%95" title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taabyl_reiltagh_ny_bunstooghyn" title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C3%A8n-su_ch%C3%BB-kh%C3%AC-p%C3%A9u" title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הטבלה המחזורית – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הטבלה המחזורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sustav_elemenata" title="Periodni sustav elemenata – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Periodni sustav elemenata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_klasifikasyon_peryodik_eleman" title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9miai_elemek_peri%C3%B3dusos_rendszere" title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabella_periodic_del_elementos" title="Tabella periodic del elementos – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tabella periodic del elementos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelle_periodic" title="Tabelle periodic – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tabelle periodic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiko_a_lamisaan_dagiti_elemento" title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химе элементий мура система – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Химе элементий мура система" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala_tabelo" title="Periodala tabelo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Periodala tabelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotukerfi%C3%B0" title="Lotukerfið – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lotukerfið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica_degli_elementi" title="Tavola periodica degli elementi – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tavola periodica degli elementi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="周期表 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="周期表" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piiriadik_tiebl" title="Piiriadik tiebl – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Piiriadik tiebl" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dikni_selratni_cartu" title="dikni selratni cartu – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dikni selratni cartu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C3%A9lan_unsur_miturut_lambang" title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafelwit_tawalant" title="Tafelwit tawalant – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafelwit tawalant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metha_Njokereri" title="Metha Njokereri – kikuyuera" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Metha Njokereri" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyuera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8" title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%95" title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C" title="주기율표 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주기율표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B7_%D1%81%D1%8C%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%A7%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас – komi-permyakera" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permyakera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_vedor%C3%AE_ya_elementan" title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система – komiera" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Vosen_Beriodek" title="An Vosen Beriodek – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="An Vosen Beriodek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Элементтердин мезгилдик тутуму – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Элементтердин мезгилдик тутуму" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_periodicum" title="Systema periodicum – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema periodicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystem_vun_den_Elementer" title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem_vaan_eleminte" title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodica_di_elemenc" title="Tabela periodica di elemenc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tabela periodica di elemenc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A1nda_ya_bileko" title="Etánda ya bileko – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Etánda ya bileko" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodin%C4%97_element%C5%B3_lentel%C4%97" title="Periodinė elementų lentelė – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Periodinė elementų lentelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisko_elementu_periodisk%C4%81_tabula" title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabilaon%27ny_singa" title="Tabilaon'ny singa – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tabilaon'ny singa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D3%B1%D2%A5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripanga_p%C5%ABmotu" title="Ripanga pūmotu – maoriera" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ripanga pūmotu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Периоден систем на елементите – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Периоден систем на елементите" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үелэх систем – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үелэх систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B9%E1%81%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C" title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jadual berkala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavla_perjodika" title="Tavla perjodika – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tavla perjodika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica – mirandesa" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%87%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlap%C4%93uhc%C4%81y%C5%8Dtl_nemachiy%C5%8Dt%C4%ABlp%C4%81ntli" title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="तत्त्वमां – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तत्त्वमां" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem" title="Periodiek systeem – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Periodiek systeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabatee_Wahiyyoolee" title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee – oromoera" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80" title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Элементты периодон системæ – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Элементты периодон системæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablang_periodiku_da_ring_elementu" title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu – pampangera" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A8l_peri%C3%B3diko" title="Tabèl periódiko – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tabèl periódiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Tableau périodique – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_okresowy_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàula periòdica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tàula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%88%DA%A9_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%84" title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qallawap_%C3%B1iqi_rakirinkuna" title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodic%C3%A3-a_elements%C3%A3lor" title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor – aromaniera" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavele_Periodiche" title="Tavele Periodiche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Tavele Periodiche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Периодическая система химических элементов – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Периодическая система химических элементов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодічна сістема елементів – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Періодічна сістема елементів" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्तसारणी – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आवर्तसारणी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Периодтаах таабыл – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Периодтаах таабыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica_de_is_elementos" title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0vula_piri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàvula piriòdica – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tàvula piriòdica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_cairt" title="Periodic cairt – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Periodic cairt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوري جدول – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دوري جدول" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala%C5%A1_tabealla" title="Periodalaš tabealla – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Periodalaš tabealla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Periodni sistem elemenata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taflwit_tazdawant_n_ifr%E1%B8%8Disn" title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn – tachelhita" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Periodická tabuľka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elementov" title="Periodni sistem elementov – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Periodni sistem elementov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1i%C4%91ul%C3%A2%C5%A1_vu%C3%A1h%C3%A1d%C3%A2h" title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh – Inariko samiera" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inariko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapotera_cheNhangande_Dzakadevana" title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadwalka_Curiyayaasha" title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_periodik_i_elementeve" title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Периодни систем – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Периодни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiki_sistemi" title="Periodiki sistemi – sranan tongoa" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Periodiki sistemi" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafole_ya_periodiki" title="Tafole ya periodiki – hegoaldeko sothoera" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Tafole ya periodiki" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="hegoaldeko sothoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_Tabelle" title="Periodiske Tabelle – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Periodiske Tabelle" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_periodik" title="Tabél periodik – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tabél periodik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiska_systemet" title="Periodiska systemet – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Periodiska systemet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_radidia" title="Mfumo radidia – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfumo radidia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82%C5%8Fd_%C3%B4kresowy_elymynt%C5%8Dw" title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="தனிம அட்டவணை – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனிம அட்டவணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="ตารางธาตุ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตารางธาตุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himiki_elementleri%C5%88_periodik_ulgamy" title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talahanayang_peryodiko" title="Talahanayang peryodiko – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Talahanayang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tebol_bilong_ol_elemen" title="Tebol bilong ol elemen – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tebol bilong ol elemen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periyodik_tablo" title="Periyodik tablo – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Periyodik tablo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы – tuvera" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодична система хімічних елементів – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Періодична система хімічних елементів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوری جدول – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوری جدول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyoviy_elementlar_davriy_sistemasi" title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabe%C5%82a_peri%C3%B2dega" title="Tabeła periòdega – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tabeła periòdega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himi%C5%BEiden_elementoiden_periodine_tablut" title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bảng tuần hoàn – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảng tuần hoàn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_syst%C3%A8me" title="Periodiek système – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Periodiek système" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5vlea_periodike_des_elemints" title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taramdan_peryodika" title="Taramdan peryodika – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Taramdan peryodika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2" title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1b%C3%ACl%C3%AC_%C3%A0y%C3%A8_%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8Dn_%E1%BA%B9%CC%81l%C3%ADm%E1%BA%B9%CC%80nt%C3%AC" title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenzsoq_Couhgibyauj" title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiu-k%C3%AE-pi%C3%A1u" title="Chiu-kî-piáu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiu-kî-piáu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icansi_lezinhlwa" title="Icansi lezinhlwa – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Icansi lezinhlwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10693#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taula_periodikoa" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eztabaida:Taula_periodikoa" rel="discussion" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taula_periodikoa"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taula_periodikoa"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Taula_periodikoa" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Taula_periodikoa" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&oldid=9916506" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Taula_periodikoa&id=9916506&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTaula_periodikoa"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTaula_periodikoa"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Taula+periodikoa"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Taula_periodikoa&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_of_elements" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10693" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1-Wikipedia10000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-2-HezkuntzaPrograma" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza" title="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/19px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/28px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg/350px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg/525px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg/700px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Taula periodikoa</b> <a href="/wiki/Elementu_kimikoen_zerrenda_ikurraren_arabera" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementu kimikoen zerrenda ikurraren arabera">elementu kimikoen</a> antolaketa mota bat da. Taularen forman nabarmen agertzen da antolamendua: bertan, elementu kimikoak beren <a href="/wiki/Atomo_zenbaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomo zenbaki">atomo zenbakiaren</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> konfigurazio elektronikoaren eta propietate kimikoen arabera daude ordenaturik zazpi errenkada eta hemezortzi zutabetan. Taula antolatzeko modu horrek antzekotasun periodikoak adierazten ditu; adibidez, antzeko portaera duten elementu kimikoak zutabe berean daude kokaturik. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Benfey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Benfey (sortu gabe)">Theodor Benfeyren</a> hitzetan, taula periodikoa «kimikaren bihotza da», eta haren garrantzia «konparagarria da eboluzioaren teoriarekin edo lege fisiko klasikoarekin».<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taulan ageri diren errenkadak <i>periodo</i> hitzaz ezagutzen dira, eta zutabeak, <i>talde</i> hitzaz. Zenbait taldek izen bereziak dituzte;<sup id="cite_ref-Atkins_2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atkins_2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adibidez: 17. taldeko elementuei <i><a href="/wiki/Halogeno" title="Halogeno">halogeno</a></i> deritze, eta, 18. taldekoei, <i><a href="/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble">gas noble</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Atkins_2006_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atkins_2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bestetik, lau bloke ezberdinetan banatzen da taula, eta propietate kimikoen<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arabera antolatzen dira taldeak. Elementu guztiak ordena jakin batean kokatzen dira; horregatik, erraz ondoriozta daitezke elementuen propietateen arteko harremanak, eta taula periodikoa tresna baliogarria da elementuen portaera kimikoa aztertzeko. Kimikaren arloan erabiltzeaz gain, beste hainbat zientzietan ere erabiltzen da. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Donostiako_Kimika_Fakultatea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Donostiako_Kimika_Fakultatea.jpg/270px-Donostiako_Kimika_Fakultatea.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Donostiako_Kimika_Fakultatea.jpg/405px-Donostiako_Kimika_Fakultatea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Donostiako_Kimika_Fakultatea.jpg/540px-Donostiako_Kimika_Fakultatea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Donostiako_Kimika_Fakultatea" title="Donostiako Kimika Fakultatea">Donostiako Kimika Fakultateko</a> edifizioan elementu kimikoen ikurrak azaltzen dira</figcaption></figure> <p>Taula periodikoaren lehen bertsioa 1869. urtean argitaratu zen <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleiev" title="Dmitri Mendeleiev">Dmitri Mendeleieven</a> eskutik. Berak elementuen joera periodikoak erakusteko prestatu zuen taula, eta, horretarako, elementuak propietate kimikoen<sup id="cite_ref-Herradón_2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herradón_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arabera sailkatu zituen. Bestetik, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Lothar_Meyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Lothar Meyer (sortu gabe)">Julius Lothar Meyerrek</a> ere antzeko beste taula bat garatu zuen 1870ean, baina sailkapena propietate fisikoen eta atomoen arabera eginez.<sup id="cite_ref-Herradón_2011_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herradón_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mendeleievek ordu arte ezezagunak ziren elementu batzuen propietateak aurreikusi zituen, eta, aldi berean, elementu ezezagun horiek taularen leku hutsetan kokaturik egongo zirela iradoki zuen. Gerora, elementu berriak aurkitzean, Mendeleievek eginiko iragarpen gehienak zuzenak zirela egiaztatu zen. </p><p>Ordutik aurrera, taula garatuz eta zuzenduz joan da etengabe. Elementu berrien aurkikuntzak eta eredu teoriko berrien garapenak joera kimikoen azterketa ahalbidetu du, eta, horrekin batera, taula periodikoaren hobekuntzak osatu dira. Taula periodikoaren gaur egungo egitura <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Wernerrek</a> egindakoa da Mendeleieven eredua eredutzat hartuz.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taularen_adierazpen_grafikoa">Taularen adierazpen grafikoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Taularen adierazpen grafikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Taularen adierazpen grafikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gaur egun, eredu sinpleenean, itxura hau du taula periodikoak: </p> <table style="width: 80%" align="center"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="eeeeff" align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Taula_periodikoko_talde" title="Taula periodikoko talde"><b>Taldea</b> →</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Taula_periodikoko_periodo" title="Taula periodikoko periodo">↓ <b>Periodoa</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1._taldeko_elementu" class="mw-redirect" title="1. taldeko elementu"><b>1</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2._taldeko_elementu" class="mw-redirect" title="2. taldeko elementu"><b>2</b></a> </td> <td>  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3._taldeko_elementu" title="3. taldeko elementu"><b>3</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4._taldeko_elementu" title="4. taldeko elementu"><b>4</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/5._taldeko_elementu" title="5. taldeko elementu"><b>5</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/6._taldeko_elementu" title="6. taldeko elementu"><b>6</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/7._taldeko_elementu" title="7. taldeko elementu"><b>7</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/8._taldeko_elementu" title="8. taldeko elementu"><b>8</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9._taldeko_elementu" title="9. taldeko elementu"><b>9</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10._taldeko_elementu" title="10. taldeko elementu"><b>10</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/11._taldeko_elementu" title="11. taldeko elementu"><b>11</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12._taldeko_elementu" title="12. taldeko elementu"><b>12</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/13._taldeko_elementu" title="13. taldeko elementu"><b>13</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/14._taldeko_elementu" title="14. taldeko elementu"><b>14</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/15._taldeko_elementu" title="15. taldeko elementu"><b>15</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/16._taldeko_elementu" class="mw-redirect" title="16. taldeko elementu"><b>16</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/17._taldeko_elementu" class="mw-redirect" title="17. taldeko elementu"><b>17</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/18._taldeko_elementu" class="mw-redirect" title="18. taldeko elementu"><b>18</b></a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td bgcolor="eeeeff"><a href="/wiki/1._periodoko_elementu" title="1. periodoko elementu"><b>1</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffffcc;color:red;border:2px solid black;">1<br /><a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">H</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td align="left" colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccffff;color:red;border:2px solid black;">2<br /><a href="/wiki/Helio" title="Helio">He</a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td bgcolor="eeeeff"><a href="/wiki/2._periodoko_elementu" title="2. periodoko elementu"><b>2</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff9999;color:black;border:2px solid black;">3<br /><a href="/wiki/Litio" title="Litio">Li</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px solid black;">4<br /><a href="/wiki/Berilio" title="Berilio">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="11">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;">5<br /><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro">B</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccffcc;color:black;border:2px solid black;">6<br /><a href="/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono">C</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffffcc;color:red;border:2px solid black;">7<br /><a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">N</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffffcc;color:red;border:2px solid black;">8<br /><a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">O</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffffcc;color:red;border:2px solid black;">9<br /><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccffff;color:red;border:2px solid black;">10<br /><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td bgcolor="eeeeff"><a href="/wiki/3._periodoko_elementu" title="3. periodoko elementu"><b>3</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff9999;color:black;border:2px solid black;">11<br /><a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">Na</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px solid black;">12<br /><a href="/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio">Mg</a> </td> <td bgcolor="white" colspan="11"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#dddddd;color:black;border:2px solid black;">13<br /><a href="/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio">Al</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;">14<br /><a href="/wiki/Silizio" title="Silizio">Si</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccffcc;color:black;border:2px solid black;">15<br /><a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo">P</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccffcc;color:black;border:2px solid black;">16<br /><a href="/wiki/Sufre" title="Sufre">S</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffffcc;color:red;border:2px solid black;">17<br /><a href="/wiki/Kloro" title="Kloro">Cl</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccffff;color:red;border:2px solid black;">18<br /><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td bgcolor="eeeeff"><a href="/wiki/4._periodoko_elementu" title="4. periodoko elementu"><b>4</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff9999;color:black;border:2px solid black;">19<br /><a href="/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio">K</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px solid black;">20<br /><a href="/wiki/Kaltzio" title="Kaltzio">Ca</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">21<br /><a href="/wiki/Eskandio" title="Eskandio">Sc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">22<br /><a href="/wiki/Titanio" title="Titanio">Ti</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">23<br /><a href="/wiki/Banadio" title="Banadio">V</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">24<br /><a href="/wiki/Kromo" title="Kromo">Cr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">25<br /><a href="/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso">Mn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">26<br /><a href="/wiki/Burdin" class="mw-redirect" title="Burdin">Fe</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">27<br /><a href="/wiki/Kobalto" title="Kobalto">Co</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">28<br /><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">29<br /><a href="/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre">Cu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">30<br /><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#dddddd;color:black;border:2px solid black;">31<br /><a href="/wiki/Galio" title="Galio">Ga</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;">32<br /><a href="/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio">Ge</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;">33<br /><a href="/wiki/Artseniko" title="Artseniko">As</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccffcc;color:black;border:2px solid black;">34<br /><a href="/wiki/Selenio" title="Selenio">Se</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffffcc;color:blue;border:2px solid black;">35<br /><a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo">Br</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccffff;color:red;border:2px solid black;">36<br /><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td bgcolor="eeeeff"><a href="/wiki/5._periodoko_elementu" title="5. periodoko elementu"><b>5</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff9999;color:black;border:2px solid black;">37<br /><a href="/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio">Rb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px solid black;">38<br /><a href="/wiki/Estrontzio" title="Estrontzio">Sr</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">39<br /><a href="/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio">Y</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">40<br /><a href="/wiki/Zirkonio" title="Zirkonio">Zr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">41<br /><a href="/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio">Nb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">42<br /><a href="/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno">Mo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dashed brown;">43<br /><a href="/wiki/Teknezio" title="Teknezio">Tc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">44<br /><a href="/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio">Ru</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">45<br /><a href="/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio">Rh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">46<br /><a href="/wiki/Paladio" title="Paladio">Pd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">47<br /><a href="/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar">Ag</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">48<br /><a href="/wiki/Kadmio" title="Kadmio">Cd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#dddddd;color:black;border:2px solid black;">49<br /><a href="/wiki/Indio" title="Indio">In</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#dddddd;color:black;border:2px solid black;">50<br /><a href="/wiki/Eztainu" title="Eztainu">Sn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;">51<br /><a href="/wiki/Antimonio" title="Antimonio">Sb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px solid black;">52<br /><a href="/wiki/Telurio" title="Telurio">Te</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffffcc;color:black;border:2px solid black;">53<br /><a href="/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo">I</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccffff;color:red;border:2px solid black;">54<br /><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td bgcolor="eeeeff"><a href="/wiki/6._periodoko_elementu" title="6. periodoko elementu"><b>6</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff9999;color:black;border:2px solid black;">55<br /><a href="/wiki/Zesio" title="Zesio">Cs</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px solid black;">56<br /><a href="/wiki/Bario" title="Bario">Ba</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffccff">* </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">71<br /><a href="/wiki/Lutezio" title="Lutezio">Lu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">72<br /><a href="/wiki/Hafnio" title="Hafnio">Hf</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">73<br /><a href="/wiki/Tantalo" title="Tantalo">Ta</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">74<br /><a href="/wiki/Wolframio" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolframio">W</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">75<br /><a href="/wiki/Renio" title="Renio">Re</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">76<br /><a href="/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio">Os</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">77<br /><a href="/wiki/Iridio" title="Iridio">Ir</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">78<br /><a href="/wiki/Platino" title="Platino">Pt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px solid black;">79<br /><a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre">Au</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:blue;border:2px solid black;">80<br /><a href="/wiki/Merkurio_(elementua)" title="Merkurio (elementua)">Hg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#dddddd;color:black;border:2px solid black;">81<br /><a href="/wiki/Talio" title="Talio">Tl</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#dddddd;color:black;border:2px solid black;">82<br /><a href="/wiki/Berun" title="Berun">Pb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#dddddd;color:black;border:2px solid black;">83<br /><a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto">Bi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:2px dashed brown;">84<br /><a href="/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio">Po</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffffcc;color:black;border:2px dashed brown;">85<br /><a href="/wiki/Astato" title="Astato">At</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:2px dashed brown;">86<br /><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td bgcolor="eeeeff"><a href="/wiki/7._periodoko_elementu" title="7. periodoko elementu"><b>7</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff9999;color:black;border:2px dashed brown;">87<br /><a href="/wiki/Frantzio" title="Frantzio">Fr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:2px dashed brown;">88<br /><a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Ra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">** </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">103<br /><a href="/wiki/Lawrentzio" title="Lawrentzio">Lr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">104<br /><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordio" title="Rutherfordio">Rf</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">105<br /><a href="/wiki/Dubnio" title="Dubnio">Db</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">106<br /><a href="/wiki/Seaborgio" title="Seaborgio">Sg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">107<br /><a href="/wiki/Bohrio" title="Bohrio">Bh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">108<br /><a href="/wiki/Hassio" title="Hassio">Hs</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#e8e8e8;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">109<br /><a href="/wiki/Meitnerio" title="Meitnerio">Mt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#e8e8e8;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">110<br /><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtio" title="Darmstadtio">Ds</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#e8e8e8;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">111<br /><a href="/wiki/Roentgenio" title="Roentgenio">Rg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:blue;border:2px dotted green;">112<br /><a href="/wiki/Kopernizio" title="Kopernizio">Cn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#e8e8e8;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">113<br /><a href="/wiki/Nihonio" title="Nihonio">Nh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#dddddd;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">114<br /><a href="/wiki/Flerovio" title="Flerovio">Fl</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#dddddd;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">115<br /><a href="/wiki/Moskovio" title="Moskovio">Mc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#e8e8e8;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">116<br /><a href="/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio">Lv</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#e8e8e8;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">117<br /><a href="/wiki/Teneso" title="Teneso">Ts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#e8e8e8;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">118<br /><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td colspan="20"> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="eeeeff" align="right">* <b>Lantanoideak</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">57<br /><a href="/wiki/Lantano" title="Lantano">La</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">58<br /><a href="/wiki/Zerio_(elementua)" title="Zerio (elementua)">Ce</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">59<br /><a href="/wiki/Praseodimio" title="Praseodimio">Pr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">60<br /><a href="/wiki/Neodimio" title="Neodimio">Nd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px dashed brown;">61<br /><a href="/wiki/Prometio" title="Prometio">Pm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">62<br /><a href="/wiki/Samario" title="Samario">Sm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">63<br /><a href="/wiki/Europio" title="Europio">Eu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">64<br /><a href="/wiki/Gadolinio" title="Gadolinio">Gd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">65<br /><a href="/wiki/Terbio" title="Terbio">Tb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">66<br /><a href="/wiki/Disprosio" title="Disprosio">Dy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">67<br /><a href="/wiki/Holmio" title="Holmio">Ho</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">68<br /><a href="/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio">Er</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">69<br /><a href="/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio">Tm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffccff;color:black;border:2px solid black;">70<br /><a href="/wiki/Iterbio" title="Iterbio">Yb</a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="eeeeff" align="right">** <b>Aktinidoak</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed brown;">89<br /><a href="/wiki/Aktinio" title="Aktinio">Ac</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px solid black;">90<br /><a href="/wiki/Torio" title="Torio">Th</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed brown;">91<br /><a href="/wiki/Protoaktinio" class="mw-redirect" title="Protoaktinio">Pa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px solid black;">92<br /><a href="/wiki/Uranio" title="Uranio">U</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dashed brown;">93<br /><a href="/wiki/Neptunio" title="Neptunio">Np</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px solid black;">94<br /><a href="/wiki/Plutonio" title="Plutonio">Pu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">95<br /><a href="/wiki/Amerizio" title="Amerizio">Am</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">96<br /><a href="/wiki/Kurio" title="Kurio">Cm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">97<br /><a href="/wiki/Berkelio" title="Berkelio">Bk</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">98<br /><a href="/wiki/Kalifornio" title="Kalifornio">Cf</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">99<br /><a href="/wiki/Einstenio" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstenio">Es</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">100<br /><a href="/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio">Fm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">101<br /><a href="/wiki/Mendelevio" title="Mendelevio">Md</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:2px dotted green;">102<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelio" title="Nobelio">No</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table width="75%" align="center"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Serie_kimiko" title="Serie kimiko">Serie kimikoak</a> (hondo kolorea): </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ff9999"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alkalino" title="Metal alkalino">Metal alkalinoak</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Metal_lurralkalino" title="Metal lurralkalino">Metal lurralkalinoak</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffccff"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoide" title="Lantanoide">Lantanoideak</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Aktinido" title="Aktinido">Aktinidoak</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Trantsizio-metal" title="Trantsizio-metal">Trantsizio-metalak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#dddddd"><a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">Metalak</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Metaloide" title="Metaloide">Metaloideak</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffcc"><a href="/wiki/Ez-metal" title="Ez-metal">Ez-metalak</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffcc"><a href="/wiki/Halogeno" title="Halogeno">Halogenoak</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff"><a href="/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble">Gas nobleak</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hainbat urteren buruan, 1 eta 118 bitarteko zenbaki atomikodun elementu kimiko guztiak aurkitu eta identifikatu dira; berrikitan, 113, 115, 117, 118 elementuak egiaztatu, izendatu eta sinbolizatu dira <a href="/wiki/Kimika_Puru_eta_Aplikatuko_Nazioarteko_Batasuna" title="Kimika Puru eta Aplikatuko Nazioarteko Batasuna">IUPAC</a> (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) nazioarteko erakundeak 2015eko abenduaren 30ean eginiko biltzar orokorrean.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elementu horien izen eta <a href="/wiki/Ikur_kimiko" title="Ikur kimiko">ikur</a> ofizialak 2016ko azaroaren 28an eman ziren argitara. </p><p>Lehenengo 94 elementuak naturan daude identifikaturik, nahiz eta horietariko asko kantitate txikietan aurkitu diren edo laborategietan sintetizatu ziren naturan aurkituak izan baino lehen. Bestalde, 95-118 bitarteko zenbaki atomikodun elementuak ez daude naturan, eta laborategietan sintetizatutakoak dira; horien artean, 95-100 bitartekoak naturan aurki zitezkeen aspaldiko garaietan, baina gaur egun ez dira naturan existitzen.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taula_periodikoaren_ortotipografia_eta_bestelako_informazioak">Taula periodikoaren ortotipografia eta bestelako informazioak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Taula periodikoaren ortotipografia eta bestelako informazioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Taula periodikoaren ortotipografia eta bestelako informazioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goian erakutsitako taula periodikoa bertsio sinplifikatua da, eta, gehienetan, beste hainbat informazio gehitzen dira taulako elementu bakoitzari dagokion gelaxkaren barruan. Horren adibide modura, euskaraz prestaturiko taularen beste bertsio osatuago bat jarriko dugu jarraian. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Taula_Periodikoa-2016.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Taula_Periodikoa-2016.pdf/page1-1100px-Taula_Periodikoa-2016.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="1100" height="777" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Taula_Periodikoa-2016.pdf/page1-1650px-Taula_Periodikoa-2016.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Taula_Periodikoa-2016.pdf/page1-2200px-Taula_Periodikoa-2016.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1237" /></a><figcaption>Taula periodikoaren euskarazko bertsioa, 2016ko eguneratzea egin ondoren. Elementuen izenak artikulu eta guzti jarri dira.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kasu honetan, goiko gakoan adibide modura azalduta dauden posizio estandarretan, informazio hauek gehitu dira elementu bakoitzaren gelaxkan: <a href="/wiki/Atomo-zenbaki" title="Atomo-zenbaki">zenbaki atomikoa</a> (goialdeko ezkerraldean), <a href="/wiki/Masa_atomiko" title="Masa atomiko">masa atomikoa</a> (goialdeko eskuinaldean), ikurra (gelaxkaren zentroan) eta euskarazko izena (behealdea zentraturik, artikulu eta guzti idatzita). Horrez gain, elementua zein <a href="/wiki/Serie_kimiko" title="Serie kimiko">serie kimikotakoa</a> den ere azaltzen da gelaxkaren hondo-kolorearen bidez; koloreen gakoa taularen azpian dago (<a href="/wiki/Metal_alkalino" title="Metal alkalino">metal alkalinoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metal_lurralkalino" title="Metal lurralkalino">metal lurralkalinoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lantanoide" title="Lantanoide">lantanoideak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aktinido" title="Aktinido">aktinidoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trantsizio-metal" title="Trantsizio-metal">trantsizio-metalak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metaloide" title="Metaloide">metaloideak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ez-metal" title="Ez-metal">ez-metalak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halogeno" title="Halogeno">halogenoak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble">gas nobleak</a>). Bestalde, gelaxka inguratzen duten lerroen izaera (lerro beteak, lerro etenak edo puntukako lerroak) zein den erakusten da azpialdean, elementua naturala den ala ez azalduz; alegia, elementuak <a href="/wiki/Lurra" title="Lurra">Lurra</a> baino zaharragoak diren <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopoak</a> dituen (jatorrizko elementuak), beste elementu baten <a href="/wiki/Desintegrazio_erradioaktibo" title="Desintegrazio erradioaktibo">erradiaktibitate</a> naturalaren desintegrazio-produktuak diren edo naturan ez daudenak diren (sintektikoak direlako). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elementu_kimikoen_izena_eta_ikurra">Elementu kimikoen izena eta ikurra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Elementu kimikoen izena eta ikurra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Elementu kimikoen izena eta ikurra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elementu kimikoen izena eta ikurra IUPAC erakundeak erabakitako arau ortotipografikoak betez idazten dira. </p> <ul><li>Elementu gutxi batzuen <i>izenak</i> antzinatik, kimika sortu aurretik, erabiltzen ziren tokian tokiko hizkuntza arruntean. Euskaraz ere badira horrelakoak, esaterako, <i><a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre">urre</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar">zilar</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Berun" title="Berun">berun</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre">kobre</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sufre" title="Sufre">sufre</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Merkurio_(elementua)" title="Merkurio (elementua)">merkurio</a></i> (kasu honetan artikulu barik emanez). Izen horiek bere horretan erabiltzen dira euskaraz. Eta modu berean jokatzen da beste hizkuntzetan ere, antzinako izena errespetatuz.</li> <li>Izen gehienak kimika garatu ahala jarritakoak dira, eta, idazkerari dagokionez, erdi-nazioartekoak dira; horrek esan nahi du sustrai berbera dutela hizkuntza guztietan, baina hizkuntza bakoitzaren araberako fonetika eta ortografiara egokiturik erabiltzen direla; euskaraz ere berdintsu. Horrelakoak dira aspalditik ezagunak diren elementu batzuen izenak, hala nola <i><a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigeno</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogeno</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kloro" title="Kloro">kloro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo">iodo</a></i>...</li> <li>Bestetik, azken bi mendeetan, elementu berriei zientzialari, lurralde edo antzekoen ohorez osatutako izena jartzeko ohitura sortu da eta izen horiek IUPACek antolaturiko biltzar nagusietan adostasunez onartzeko. Horiek ere erdi-nazioartekoak dira; izan ere, ohoretuaren izenaren sustraia errespetatuz moldaketa fonetiko ortografikoak egiten dira hizkuntza bakoitzean: <i><a href="/wiki/Lawrentzio" title="Lawrentzio">lawrentzio</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Frantzio" title="Frantzio">frantzio</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio">polonio</a></i>...</li></ul> <p>Izenak, hizkuntza guztietara molda daitezkeen arren, elementu kimikoen ikurrak IUPACen arau dira; alegia, <i>unibertsalak</i> dira, hizkuntza guztietan berberak. Ezaugarri hauek betetzen dituzte: </p> <ul><li>Beti idazten dira letrakera zuzen arruntez (ez letrakera etzanez) eta lehenengo letra larriz hasita: S, Ti, Uut...</li> <li>Ikur batzuek letra bakarra dute, hala nola O, H, N, F... Gehienek bi letra dituzte, eta, orduan, lehena larria da, eta, bigarrena, xehea: Os, Hg, Na, Fr...</li> <li>Azken urteotan detektatu eta identifikatu diren elementu kimikoei (zenbaki atomikoa 112 edo handiagoa dutenak) latinezko behin-behineko izen deskriptiboak eman zitzaizkien hasieran, eta hiru letraz osaturiko ikurra (Uub, Uut, Uuq...). Azken urteotan, IUPAC erakundeak arautu egin ditu elementu horien izenak eta ikurrak. Honelaxe geratu dira azkenean:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Zenbaki atomikoa</b> </td> <td><b>Behin-behineko izena</b> </td> <td><b>Behin-behineko ikurra</b> </td> <td><b>Araututako izena</b> </td> <td><b>Araututako ikurra</b> </td> <td><b>Noiz arautua</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>112 </td> <td>ununbio </td> <td>Uub </td> <td>kopernizio </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td>113 </td> <td>ununtrio </td> <td>Uut </td> <td>nihonio </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>114 </td> <td>ununkuadio </td> <td>Uuq </td> <td>flerovio </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>115 </td> <td>ununpentio </td> <td>Uup </td> <td>moskovio </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>116 </td> <td>ununhexio </td> <td>Uuh </td> <td>livermorio </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>117 </td> <td>ununseptio </td> <td>Uus </td> <td>teneso </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>118 </td> <td>ununoktio </td> <td>Uuo </td> <td>oganeson </td> <td>Og </td> <td>2016 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taula_periodikoaren_historia">Taula periodikoaren historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Taula periodikoaren historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Taula periodikoaren historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taula periodikoaren historiak harreman estua dauka kimika eta fisikaren garapenarekin. </p> <ul><li>Taula periodikoaren elementuen aurkikuntza.</li> <li>Propietate komunen azterketa eta elementuen sailkapena.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa_atomiko" title="Masa atomiko">Masa atomikoaren</a> nozioa (hasieran, <i>pisu atomiko</i> deitua) eta, geroago, jada XX. mendean, <a href="/wiki/Masa-zenbaki" title="Masa-zenbaki">masa-zenbakia</a>.</li> <li>Masa atomikoaren (eta, geroago, <a href="/wiki/Atomo-zenbaki" title="Atomo-zenbaki">zenbaki atomikoaren</a>) eta elementuen propietate periodikoen eta elementu berrien agerpenaren arteko erlazioak.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistematizaziorako_lehenengo_saiakerak">Sistematizaziorako lehenengo saiakerak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sistematizaziorako lehenengo saiakerak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Sistematizaziorako lehenengo saiakerak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taula periodikoaren historiaren abiapuntu modura, 1789an, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier-ek</a> hogeita hamahiru elementuz osatutako zerrenda bat argitaratu zuen. Elementu horiek lau multzotan sailkatu zituen; <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gasak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ez-metal" title="Ez-metal">ez-metalak</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ez-gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ez-gas (sortu gabe)">ez-gasak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baina sailkapen hori laster baztertu zen propietate fisiko eta kimikoen artean ezberdintasun nabarmenak zeudelako. Une horretatik aurrera, kimikariak sailkatze-lanetan aritu ziren. Horien artean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Wolfgang_D%C3%B6bereiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (sortu gabe)">Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner</a> izeneko kimikari alemaniarra aipa daiteke, sailkapen berri bat aurkeztu baitzuen 1829an, eta taulan agertzen ziren elementu asko hirukotetan bana zitezkeela ondorioztatu zuen, propietate kimikoen arabera. Esate baterako, <a href="/wiki/Litio" title="Litio">litioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">sodioa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio">potasioa</a> «hirukote leuna» zeritzon talde batean sailkatu ziren. Gerora, beste talde batzuetan horrelako harremanak gertatzen zirela ondorioztatu zuen; hala nola <a href="/wiki/Kloro" title="Kloro">kloro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo">iodo</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo">bromoaren</a> artekoa. Hiru elementuez osatutako talde horiei <i>hirukote</i> edo <i>triada</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> izena jarri zitzaien. Handik gutxira, 1843rako, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leopold Gmelin (sortu gabe)">Leopold Gmelinek</a> hamar hirukote identifikatu zituen metodo hori erabiliz, eta baita hiru laukote eta boskote bat ere. </p><p>Geroago, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Dumas" title="Jean Baptiste Dumas">Jean Baptiste Dumasek</a> metal ezberdinen artean gertatzen ziren harremanez hitz egin zuen 1857an argitaratutako lan batean. Nolanahi ere, kimikari askok elementu ezberdinen arteko harremanak identifikatu zituzten arren, oraindik ez zegoen haiek sailkatzeko eskema argirik. Baina, 1857an bertan, <a href="/wiki/August_Kekul%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="August Kekulé">August Kekulé</a> kimikari alemana konturatu zen <a href="/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono">karbonoak</a> lau <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomo</a> zituela itsatsirik askotan. <a href="/wiki/Metano" title="Metano">Metanoak</a>, adibidez, karbono-atomo bat eta lau <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogeno</a>-atomo ditu.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fenomeno hori azaltzeko, <a href="/wiki/Balentzia" title="Balentzia">balentzia</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kontzeptua proposatu zuen; elementu ezberdinek atomo-kopuru ezberdinekin egiten dute bat. Horrela, 1864ean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Lothar_Meyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Lothar Meyer (sortu gabe)">Julius Lothar Meyer</a> alemaniarrak, berrogeita lau elementuz osaturiko taula bat argitaratu zuen balentziaren arabera ordenaturik. Taula horrek erakutsi zuen antzeko propietateak zituzten elementuek balentzia berdina zutela kasu askotan.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urte berean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Odling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Odling (sortu gabe)">William Odlingek</a> berrogeita hamazazpi elementuz osatutako taula bat argitaratu zuen. Taula horretan, elementuak pisu atomikoaren arabera antolaturik ageri ziren. Gerora, balentzian oinarritutako sailkapen bat aurkeztu zuen 1870ean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elementuen_aurkikuntza">Elementuen aurkikuntza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Elementuen aurkikuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Elementuen aurkikuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nahiz eta elementu batzuk, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre">urrea</a> (Au), <a href="/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar">zilarra</a> (Ag), <a href="/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre">kobrea</a> (Cu), <a href="/wiki/Berun" title="Berun">beruna</a> (Pb) eta <a href="/wiki/Merkurio_(elementua)" title="Merkurio (elementua)">merkurioa</a> (Hg), aintzinarotik ezagutuak ziren, elementuen lehen aurkikuntza <i>zientifikoa</i> XVII. mendean gertatu zen, zehazki, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henning_Brand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henning Brand (sortu gabe)">Henning Brandek</a> <a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo">fosforoa</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aurkitu zuenean. Ondoren, beste hainbat elementu berri aurkitu ziren XVIII. mendean; horien arteko garrantzitsuenak gasak izan ziren: <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoa</a> (O), <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogenoa</a> (H) eta <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">nitrogenoa</a> (N), besteak beste. Garai hartan, elementuen kontzepzio berri bat garatu zen; hain zuzen ere, haren harira garatu zuen <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier-ek</a> bere zerrenda. Bestalde, XIX. mendearen hasieran, <i><a href="/wiki/Pila" title="Pila">pila elektrikoa</a></i> erabiltzen hasi ziren elementu kimikoen azterketan, eta metodo horrek elementu kimiko berrien aurkikuntza ekarri zuen, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Metal_alkalino" title="Metal alkalino">metal alkalinoena</a>. Horrela, berrogeita hamabost elementu ezagutzen ziren jadanik 1830ean. Gerora, XIX. mendearen erdialdean, <a href="/wiki/Espektroskopia" title="Espektroskopia">espektroskopiaren</a> asmakuntzarekin, elementu berriak aurkitu ziren; batik bat, <a href="/wiki/Zesio" title="Zesio">zesioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talio" title="Talio">talioa</a> eta antzeko elementuak. Eta, XX. mendean, prozesu <a href="/wiki/Desintegrazio_erradioaktibo" title="Desintegrazio erradioaktibo">erradioaktiboen</a> ikerketa-lanekin, beste hainbat elementu aurkitu ziren. Azkenean, taula periodikoan, 118 elementu biltzera igaro gara geure egunotan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elementuen_nozioa_eta_propietate_periodikoak">Elementuen nozioa eta propietate periodikoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Elementuen nozioa eta propietate periodikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Elementuen nozioa eta propietate periodikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Elementu</i> hitza greziera zaharretik dator, baina, kimikan, <i>elementu</i> hitzak duen esanahi modernoa XVII. mendetik aurrera ezarri zen; dena den, prozesu horren nondik norakoa zein den zehaztea ez da kontu erraza. Zenbait pentsalarik <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyleren</a> obra hartzen dute abiapuntutzat. Kimikari eszeptikoa zen bera, eta, bere lanean, Boyle elementu hitzaz aritu zen, esanez gorputz primitibo eta sinpleak zirela eta ez zeudela beste gorputzez osaturik. Izatez, azalpen hori Aristotelesen <a href="/wiki/Elementu_klasikoak" title="Elementu klasikoak"><i>lau elementu</i>en</a> teoriari eginiko kritika bat zen. </p><p>Geroagom, taulen konposizio kimikoa ulertzeko modu berri bat osatu zuten kimikariek XVIII eta XIX. mendeetan zehar. Elementu kimikoak ulertzeko modu berri hori <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Lavoisierren</a> eskutik jaso zuten hasiera batean, <i>Kimikaren tratatu elementala</i> izeneko lanean aritu baitzen hortaz. Lavoisierrek bereizketa bat proposatzen zuen: ezagunak ziren substantzien artean elementu kimikoak bereiztea, uste izanik horrela elementu kimiko horien propietateak hobeto ulertuko zirela. Bide horretatik abiaturik, elementu berri askoren aurkikuntzak eta elementu horien propietateen azterketak eginez, antzekotasun ugari agertzen zirela ondorioztatu zuen. Horrek kimikarien interesa piztu zuen eta sailkatze-modu berri baten garapena abiarazi zuen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masa_atomikoak">Masa atomikoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Masa atomikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Masa atomikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XIX. mendearen hasieran, <a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton-ek</a> <a href="/wiki/Atomismo" title="Atomismo">atomismoaren</a> kontzepzio berri bat garatu zuen. Ikerketa <a href="/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia">meteorologikoak</a> eta gas atmosferikoen azterketa zehatza izan ziren kontzepzio berri honen abiarazleak. Ekarpen nagusia <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomismo_kimikoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomismo kimikoa (sortu gabe)">atomismo kimikoa</a></i> delakoaren eskutik etorri zen. Atomismo kimikoaren formulazio berriak Lavoisiarren definizioarekin egiten zuen bat. Daltonek hidrogeno-atomo baten masa hartu zuen erreferentzia-unitate gisa. Ordutik aurrera, <i>masa atomiko</i> (edo <i>pisu atomiko</i>) terminoa erabiltzen da elementu bakoitzaren isotopoen masa atomikoen batezbestekoa adierazteko, eta informazio hori taula periodikoaren barnean sartzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newlandsen_zortzidun_legea">Newlandsen zortzidun legea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Newlandsen zortzidun legea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Newlandsen zortzidun legea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Newlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Newlands (sortu gabe)">John Newlands</a> kimikari ingelesak, 1863tik 1866ra bitartean, dokumentu sorta bat egin zuen, eta adierazi zuen elementuak pisu atomikoaren goranzko ordenan zerrendatzen direnean, antzeko propietate fisiko eta kimikoak zortziko tarteetan errepikatzen direla<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Oh 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:350px; height:100px" border="1" align="right"> <caption><b>Newlands</b>en zortzidun legea </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"><b>1</b></td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"><b>2</b></td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"><b>3</b></td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"><b>4</b></td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"><b>5</b></td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"><b>6</b></td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffdead;" align="center"><b>7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffffff;" align="center"><b>Li</b><br />6,9<br /><br /><b>Na</b><br />23,0<br /><br /><b>K</b><br />39,0</td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffffff;" align="center"><b>Be</b><br />9,0<br /><br /><b>Mg</b><br />24,3<br /><br /><b>Ca</b><br />40,0</td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffffff;" align="center"><b>B</b><br />10,8<br /><br /><b>Al</b><br />27,0<br /><br /><br /><br /></td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffffff;" align="center"><b>C</b><br />12,0<br /><br /><b>Si</b><br />28,1<br /><br /><br /><br /></td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffffff;" align="center"><b>N</b><br />14,0<br /><br /><b>P</b><br />31,0<br /><br /><br /><br /></td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffffff;" align="center"><b>O</b><br />16,0<br /><br /><b>S</b><br />32,1<br /><br /><br /><br /></td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffffff;" align="center"><b>F</b><br />19,0<br /><br /><b>Cl</b><br />35,5<br /><br /><br /><br /> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Aldizkakotasun hori musikaren zortzidunekin alderatu zuen<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <i>Zortzidun lege</i> deritzon horri, iseka egin zioten Newlandsen garaikideek, eta Chemical Society-k bere lana argitaratzeari uko egin zion<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, betetzeari uzten ziolako kaltzioaren ondoren. Newlandsek, ordea, elementuen taula bat egin, eta falta ziren elementuen existentzia iragartzeko erabili zuen, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio">germanioa</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScerri2007306_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScerri2007306-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Chemical Society-k Mendeleiev-i kreditatu zitzaizkionetik bost urtera bakarrik aitortu zituen bere aurkikuntzak<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, eta, geroago, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society-k</a> aitortu zuen, zeinak bere saririk gorena eman zion Newlandsi, Davy Medaila<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>1867an, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavus_Hinrichs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustavus Hinrichs (sortu gabe)">Gustavus Hinrichs</a> daniar kimikariak espiral sistema periodiko bat argitaratu zuen <a href="/wiki/Espektro_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Espektro (argipena)">espektroetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masa_atomiko" title="Masa atomiko">pisu atomikoetan</a> eta beste antzekotasun kimiko batzuetan oinarrituta. Bere lana konplikatuegitzat jo zuten, eta, beraz, ez zuten onartu<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScerri200787-92_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScerri200787-92-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mendeleieven_taula">Mendeleieven taula</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mendeleieven taula»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Mendeleieven taula"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dmitri Mendeleiev kimikariak 1869an argituratu zuen bere taula periodikoa, eta, ia aldi berean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Lothar_Meyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Lothar Meyer (sortu gabe)">Julius Lothar Meyerrek</a> antzera egin zuen 1870ean. <i>Mendeleyeven mahaia</i> izenaz argitaratu zen lehen bertsioa. Biek ala biek taula periodikoa antzeko moduan proposatu zuten: elementuak zutabetan eta errenkadetan sailkaturik pisu atomikoen arabera. Errenkada edo zutabe berriak egin zituzten elementuen ezaugarriak errepikakorrak suertatzen zirenean. Handik gutxira, 1871an, Mendeleievek beste taula periodiko bat argitaratu zuen, baina, oraingoan, antzekoak ziren elementuen multzoak errenkadatan sailkatuta egon ordez, zutabetan zeuden banaturik. Gainera, oraindik aurkitu gabe zeuden elementuen deskribapen zehatza eskaini zuen. Hutsune haiek gerora beteko zirela iradoki zuen, kimikariek elementu natural berriak aurkitzean. Gauzak horrela, Mendeleieven lanaren onarpena bi arrazoi nagusiengatik gertatu zen: batetik, Mendeleievek hutsuneak utzi zituelako taulan aurkitu gabeko zeuden elementuentzat eta, bestetik, alde batera utzi zuelako ordura arte erabiltzen zen sailkatze-ordena, taula pisu atomikoen arabera antolatuz. </p><p>Dena den, 1913. urtean, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Henry Moseleyk</a>, elementu bakoitzari zenbaki atomiko bat esleitu zion, eta, horren ondorioz, zuzenketa bat egin behar izan zen taulan; izan ere, Mendeleievek pisu atomikoa erabili zuen elementuen sailkapena egiteko, eta horrek arazoak sortzen zituen. Hortaz, Moseleyren zehaztapenaren ondoren eta arazo horiek konpontzeko, zenbaki atomikoaren arabera berrantolatu zen taula. </p><p>Gaur egun ezagutzen dugun taularen egituraketa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Groves_Deming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Groves Deming (sortu gabe)">Horace Groves Demingi</a> zor diogu. Demingek 1923an argitaratutako taulan, periodo motz eta ertainak zeuden (gaurko hamazortzi zutabeak). Merc and Company enpresak Demingen taula argitaratu zuen, eta, urte horretan, Estatu Batuetako eskoletan kopiak banatu zituen, eta, 1930eko hamarkadan, entziklopedietan zabaldu zen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mekanika_kuantikoa_eta_taularen_hedapen_progresiboa">Mekanika kuantikoa eta taularen hedapen progresiboa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mekanika kuantikoa eta taularen hedapen progresiboa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Mekanika kuantikoa eta taularen hedapen progresiboa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mendeleieven taula periodikoak zenbait irregulartasun eta problema agertzen zituen. Hurrengo hamarkadetan, gas nobleen, <i>lur arraroen</i> eta elementu erradioaktiboen aurkikuntzak integratu behar izan zituen. Beste arazo gehigarri bat izan zen pisu atomikoa handituz ordena-irizpidea eta propietate kimiko komunak dituzten familien arabera taldekatzearekin bateratzeko zeuden irregulartasunak. Zailtasun horren adibide dira <a href="/wiki/Telurio" title="Telurio">telurio</a>-<a href="/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo">iodo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>-<a href="/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio">potasio</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kobalto" title="Kobalto">kobalto</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikel</a> bikoteak, zeinetan pisu atomiko handitzeko irizpidea aldatzea beharrezkoa den antzeko propietate kimikoak dituzten familietan multzokatzeko. </p><p>Zenbait denboraz, galdera hau ezin izan zen behar bezala konpondu, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Henry Moseleyk</a> (1867-1919), 1913an, <a href="/wiki/X_izpi" title="X izpi">X izpien</a> <a href="/wiki/Espektro_elektromagnetiko" title="Espektro elektromagnetiko">espektroei</a> buruzko ikerketa bat egin zuen arte. Moseleyk egiaztatu zuen sistema periodikoaren ordena-zenbakiaren arabera <a href="/wiki/Erradiazio" title="Erradiazio">erradiazio</a>-<a href="/wiki/Maiztasun" title="Maiztasun">maiztasunaren</a> <a href="/wiki/Erro_karratu" title="Erro karratu">erro karratua</a> irudikatuz, lerro zuzen bat lortzen zela, eta, horri esker, ordena hori ez zela ustekabekoa ikustera zeraman, baizik eta <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">egitura atomikoaren</a> propietate batzuen isla baizik. Gaur egun badakigu propietate hori <a href="/wiki/Atomo_nukleo" title="Atomo nukleo">nukleoaren</a> <a href="/wiki/Atomo-zenbaki" title="Atomo-zenbaki">zenbaki atomikoa</a> (Z) edo <a href="/wiki/Protoi" title="Protoi">karga positibo</a> kopurua dela. </p><p>XX. mendearen lehen herenean mekanika kuantikoaren teoria eraiki zenean, sortutako garapen teorikoen ondoren sortu zen gaur egun onartzen den lege periodikoaren azalpena. Ikerketa horri eta ondorengo garapenei esker, sistema periodikoko elementuen antolamendua elementu ezberdinen atomoen egitura elektronikoarekin erlazionatuta dagoela onartzen da, eta, bertatik, haien propietate kimiko desberdinak iragar daitezke<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBall111_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall111-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>1945ean <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn Seaborg</a> estatubatuar zientzialariak iradoki zuen ordurarte uste zenaren aurka <a href="/wiki/Aktinido" title="Aktinido">aktinidoak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Lantanoide" title="Lantanoide">lantanoideak</a> <b>d </b>blokeko laugarren errenkadaren ordez <b>f </b>azpimaila betetzen ari zirela. Seaborgen lankideek hain teoria erradikala ez argitaratzeko gomendatu zioten, bere karrera hondatuko zuelako ziurrenik. Garai hartan, ospea erori zitekeen karrerarik ez zuela uste zuenez, argitaratu egin zuen hala ere. Gerora, zuzena zela ikusi zen, eta, 1951n, <a href="/wiki/Kimikako_Nobel_Saria" title="Kimikako Nobel Saria">Kimikako Nobel Saria</a> irabazi zuen <a href="/wiki/Aktinido" title="Aktinido">aktinidoen</a> sintesian egindako lanagatik<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScerri2007270-271_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScerri2007270-271-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Oh 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1952an, Gil Chaverri <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Ricako</a> zientzialariak elementuen egitura elektronikoan oinarritutako bertsio berri bat aurkeztu zuen, zeinak lantanidoen eta aktinidoen serieak sekuentzia logiko batean kokatu ahal izateko zenbaki atomikoaren arabera onartzen duen<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Elementu transuraniko batzuen kantitate txikiak modu naturalean gertatzen badira ere<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, denak laborategietan aurkitu ziren lehenengoa, <a href="/wiki/Neptunio" title="Neptunio">neptunioa</a> izan zen, 1939an sintetizatua. Elementu horien ekoizpenak nabarmen hedatu du taula periodikoa<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell123_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell123-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asko oso ezegonkorrak direnez eta azkar usteltzen direnez, sortzen direnean, zailak dira detektatzeko eta karakterizatzeko. Elementu batzuen erreklamazioen eta aurkikuntza-eskubideen onarpenari buruzko eztabaidak egon izan dira berrikuspen independente bat eskatuz zein alderdik duen lehentasuna zehazteko eta, beraz, izenaren eskubideak. <a href="/wiki/Flerovio" title="Flerovio">flerovio</a> (114. elementua) eta <a href="/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio">livermorio</a> (116. elementua) 2012ko maiatzaren 31n izendatu zituzten<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 2010ean, <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusiaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuen</a> arteko lankidetza bateratu batek <a href="/wiki/Dubna" title="Dubna">Dubnan</a>, Mosku eskualdean, <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusian</a>, esan zuen <a href="/wiki/Teneso" title="Teneso">tenesoaren</a> (117. elementua) sei atomo sintetizatu zituela<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>2015eko abenduaren 30ean, IUPACek 113, 115, 117 eta 118 elementuak aitortu zituen ofizialki taula periodikoaren zazpigarren errenkada osatuz<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 2016ko azaroaren 28an, IUPACek ordura arte onartutako azken lau elementu berri horien izen eta sinbolo ofizialak iragarri zituen (Nh, <a href="/wiki/Nihonio" title="Nihonio">nihonio</a>; Mc, <a href="/wiki/Moskovio" title="Moskovio">moscovio</a>; Ts, <a href="/wiki/Teneso" title="Teneso">teneso</a>; eta Og, <a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">oganeson</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, zeinak aldi baterako izendapenak ordezkatzen dituzten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ariketak"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Jakindun_logoa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/24px-Jakindun_logoa.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/36px-Jakindun_logoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/48px-Jakindun_logoa.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Ariketak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ariketak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Ariketak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="background-color: #fef6e7; margin-left: 0;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Taula periodikoa</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm/320px--Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="214" height="120" data-durationhint="152" data-mwtitle="Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm/Taula_periodikoa_Ariketa_3_DBH.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Taula periodikoa</b> lantzeko ariketa.</div> </li> </ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFCornelis[1996]">Cornelis, Klein.  ([1996]). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/625153590"><i>Manual de mineralogía: basado en la obra de J. Dana. </i></a> (4{487} ed. argitaraldia) Reverté <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9788429146066" title="Berezi:BookSources/9788429146066">9788429146066</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=625153590">625153590</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> Benfey, Theodor (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scs.illinois.edu/~mainzv/HIST/bulletin_open_access/v34-2/v34-2%20p141-145.pdf">«The biography of a periodic spiral: from Chemistry Magazine, via Industry, to a Foucalt Pendulum»</a>. <i>Bull. Hist. Chem.</i> <b>34</b> (2): 141-145. Noiz kontsultatua: 2016-02-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atkins_2006-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Atkins_2006_3-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atkins_2006_3-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAtkins2006">Atkins, Peter William.  (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/78773725"><i>Principios de química: los caminos del descubrimiento. </i></a> (3. argitaraldia) Editorial Médica Panamericana <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9789500600804" title="Berezi:BookSources/9789500600804">9789500600804</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=78773725">78773725</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFde_Llata_Loyola2001">de Llata Loyola, María Dolores.  (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/651588304"><i>Química inorgánica. </i></a> Progreso <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9789706413512" title="Berezi:BookSources/9789706413512">9789706413512</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=651588304">651588304</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herradón_2011-5">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Herradón_2011_5-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herradón_2011_5-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span> Bernardo Herradón: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130616041144/http://feelsynapsis.com/jof/001/index.html?pageNumber=80">«La química y su relación con otras ciencias»</a> <i>Journal of Feelsynapsis (JoF)</i>, 2011 (1). ISSN <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2254-3651">2254-3651</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHam2008">Ham, Becky.  (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/560474139"><i>The periodic table. </i></a> Chelsea House <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9781438102382" title="Berezi:BookSources/9781438102382">9781438102382</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=560474139">560474139</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iupac.org/what-we-do/periodic-table-of-elements/">«IUPAC»</a>. <i>Periodic Table of Elements (30 de noviembre de 2016)</i>. Noiz kontsultatua: 2016-11-30. «Cuatro nuevos elementos aprobados oficialmente por la IUPAC: Nh, Mc, Ts y Og.»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/ciencia/2016/01/04/568aa34b22601de5518b4607.html">«La tabla periódica se completa con cuatro nuevos elementos químicos»</a>. <i>El Mundo</i>. 2016-01-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEmsley2011">Emsley, John.  (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/752819524"><i>Nature's building blocks: everything you need to know about the elements. </i></a> Oxford University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780199605637" title="Berezi:BookSources/9780199605637">9780199605637</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=752819524">752819524</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFernel2003">Fernel, Jean.  (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50645654"><i>The Physiologia of Jean Fernel (1567). </i></a> American Philosophical Society <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0871699249" title="Berezi:BookSources/0871699249">0871699249</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=50645654">50645654</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span> Jiménez, Javier (8 de febrero de 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xataka.com/investigacion/dmitri-mendeleiev-el-hombre-que-ordeno-los-elementos">«Dmitri Mendeléyev, el hombre que ordenó los elementos»</a>. Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-02-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHorvitz2002">Horvitz, Leslie Alan.  (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50766822"><i>Eureka!: scientific breakthroughs that changed the world. </i></a> J. Wiley <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780471233411" title="Berezi:BookSources/9780471233411">9780471233411</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=50766822">50766822</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Alemanez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Alemanez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKekulé">Kekulé, Aug.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jlac.18571040202">«Ueber die s. g. gepaarten Verbindungen und die Theorie der mehratomigen Radicale»</a> <i>Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie</i> 104 (2): 129–150.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fjlac.18571040202">10.1002/jlac.18571040202</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1099-0690">1099-0690</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-03-27)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFvan_Spronsen1969">van Spronsen, J. W..  (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61773"><i>The periodic system of chemical elements: a history of the first hundred years. </i></a> Elsevier <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0444407766" title="Berezi:BookSources/0444407766">0444407766</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=61773">61773</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Venable, pp. 85-86; 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R4PZP-0z5wkC">Fenómenos químicos escrito por Carlos Arturo Correa Maya</a></i>, Google Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/EA/NEWLANDSann.HTML#newlands3">«An Unsystematic Foreshadowing: J. A. R. Newlands»</a> <i>web.lemoyne.edu</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/EA/NEWLANDSann.HTML#newlands4">«An Unsystematic Foreshadowing: J. A. R. Newlands»</a> <i>web.lemoyne.edu</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bryson, B. (2004). <i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Short_History_of_Nearly_Everything" class="extiw" title="es:A Short History of Nearly Everything">A Short History of Nearly Everything</a></i> (en inglés). Black Swan. pp. 141-142. <small><a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780552151740" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-552-15174-0</a></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScerri2007306-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScerri2007306_21-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScerri2007">Scerri 2007</a>, 306 orr. .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/349922">«The Atomic Debates: "Memorable and Interesting Evenings in the Life of the Chemical Society"»</a> <i>Isis</i> 56 (1): 5–25. 1965-04  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F349922">10.1086/349922</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0021-1753">0021-1753</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/davy-medal/">«Davy Medal | Royal Society»</a> <i>royalsociety.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScerri200787-92-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScerri200787-92_24-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScerri2007">Scerri 2007</a>, 87-92 orr. .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKauffman1969-03">Kauffman, George B..  (1969-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed046p128">«American forerunners of the periodic law»</a> <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i> 46 (3): 128.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fed046p128">10.1021/ed046p128</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0021-9584">0021-9584</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall111-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBall111_26-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBall">Ball</a>, 111 orr. .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScerri2007270-271-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScerri2007270-271_27-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScerri2007">Scerri 2007</a>, 270-271 orr. .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMastertonHurleyNeth2012">Masterton, William L.; Hurley, Cecile N.; Neth, Edward J..  (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/chemistryprincip00mast_579"><i>Chemistry : principles and reactions. </i></a> Belmont, CA : Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-111-42710-8" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-111-42710-8">978-1-111-42710-8</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">van Spronsen, J. W. (1969). <i>The periodic system of chemical elements.</i> Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 315-316, <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0444407766" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-444-40776-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022010747/http://www.millersville.edu/~iannone/handouts/TablaChaverri.htm">«Chaverri periodic table»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2013-10-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEmsley2011">Emsley, John.  (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4"><i>Nature's building blocks : an A-Z guide to the elements. </i></a> Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-19-960563-7" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-19-960563-7">978-0-19-960563-7</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell123-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell123_33-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBell">Bell</a>, 123 orr. .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Alemanez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Alemanez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBarberKarolNakaharaVardaci2011-06-01">Barber, Robert C.; Karol, Paul J.; Nakahara, Hiromichi; Vardaci, Emanuele; Vogt, Erich W..  (2011-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-05-01/html">«Discovery of the elements with atomic numbers greater than or equal to 113 (IUPAC Technical Report)»</a> <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i> 83 (7): 1485–1498.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2FPAC-REP-10-05-01">10.1351/PAC-REP-10-05-01</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075">1365-3075</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinr.ru/news_article.asp?n_id=1195&language=rus">ru:Эксперимент по синтезу 117-го элемента получает продолжение» [Experiment on sythesis of the 117th element is to be continued</a>] (errusieraz). JINR. 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/jan/04/periodic-tables-seventh-row-finally-filled-as-four-new-elements-are-added">«Periodic table's seventh row finally filled as four new elements are added»</a> <i>The Guardian</i> 2016-01-04 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">«<a href="/wiki/Kimika_Puru_eta_Aplikatuko_Nazioarteko_Batasuna" title="Kimika Puru eta Aplikatuko Nazioarteko Batasuna">IUPAC</a>». <i>Periodic Table of Elements (2016ko azaroaren 30)</i> (ingelesez). 2016-11-30ean begiratua. «Lau elementu berri IUPACek ofizoalki onartuak: Nh, Mc, Ts y Og».</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oharrak">Oharrak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Oharrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Oharrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Garai hartan, oraindik aurkitu gabe ziren gas noble deiturikoak</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Dagoeneko 1892an, bismutoa baino pisu atomikoa handiagoa zuten elementu ezagun eta ezezagunak —torioa, protaktinioa eta uranioa, adibidez— sartzeko bigarren errenkada duen taula periodiko luzea planteatu zen. Ikertzaile gehienek, ordea, elementu horiek 3. trantsizio taldekoen antzekotzat jo zituzten: hafnioa, tantalioa eta wolframioa. Bigarren barne trantsizio serie baten existentzia, aktinidoen moduan, ez zen onartu lantanidoen egitura elektronikoekin antzekotasunak ezarri arte.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bibliografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAgafoshin1977">Agafoshin, N. P..  (1977). <i>Ley periódica y sistema periódico de los elementos de Mendeleiev. </i> Editorial Reverté, Madrid, 200 or.</span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBensaude-Vicent1984">Bensaude-Vicent, B. D..  (1984). ««<i>Mendeleiev: El sistema periódico de los elementos</i>» <i>42</i> (Mundo científico): 184-189.</span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFCalvo_Rebollar2019">Calvo Rebollar, M..  (2019). <i></i>Construyendo la Tabla Periódica<i>. </i> Prames, Zaragoza, 407 or.</span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFChaverri_Gil1951">Chaverri Gil.  (1951). «<i>Periodic Table of the Elements</i>» <i>30</i> (Journal of Chemical Education): 632.</span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFErnsley2011">Ernsley, J.  (2011). <i></i>Nature's Building blocks<i> (Oxford University Press): 699.</i></span><i>.</i></li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFontaniCostaOrma2014">Fontani, M; Costa, M; Orma, M.V..  (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lostelementsperi0000font"><i></i>The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side<i>. </i></a> Oxford University Press, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lostelementsperi0000font/page/508">508</a> or.</span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMuñozBertomeu_Sanchez2003">Muñoz, R; Bertomeu Sanchez, J. R..  (2003). <i>Enseñanza de las ciencias 21 (1)</i>: 147-161.</span>. Testu osoa</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRocke1984">Rocke, A. J..  (1984). <i></i>Chemical Atomism in the Nineteenth Century<i> From Dalton to Cannizzaro. Ohio. </i> Ohio State University Press</span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRomán_Polo2002">Román Polo, P.  (2002). <i></i>El profeta del orden químico: Mendeléiev<i>. </i> Nivola, Madrid, 190 or.</span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFScerri1998">Scerri, E. R..  (1998). «<i>Evolución del sistema periódico</i>» <i>Investigación y Ciencia, 266</i>: 54-59.</span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFScerri2007">Scerri, E. R..  (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/periodictableits0000scer"><i></i>The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance<i>. </i></a> Oxford University Press, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/periodictableits0000scer/page/346">346</a> or.</span>.</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFStrathern2000">Strathern, Paul.  (2000). <i></i>El sueño de Mendeléiev, de la alquimia a la química<i>. </i> Siglo XXI, España Editores, Madrid, 288 or.</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236165">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10693" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q10693">Q10693</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Periodic_table">Periodic table</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q10693%22">Q10693</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-186605590">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/186605590/">186605590</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX532419">XX532419</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122746941">122746941</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122746941">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4125872-1">4125872-1</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85099885">sh85099885</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph124041">ph124041</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300266315">300266315</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/periodic-table-of-the-elements">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10693" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q10693">Q10693</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Periodic_table">Periodic table</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q10693%22">Q10693</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse" style="clear: both; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 0; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; color: #111; font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 0;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100%" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: #ccccff"><a href="/wiki/Elementu_kimiko" title="Elementu kimiko">Elementu kimikoak</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0.5em 1em; background:white"> <p><a href="/wiki/Taula_periodikoko_talde" title="Taula periodikoko talde"><b>Taldeak:</b></a>   <a href="/wiki/Metal_alkalino" title="Metal alkalino">1</a> -  <a href="/wiki/Metal_lurralkalino" title="Metal lurralkalino">2</a> -  <a href="/wiki/3._taldeko_elementu" title="3. taldeko elementu">3</a> -  <a href="/wiki/4._taldeko_elementu" title="4. taldeko elementu">4</a> -  <a href="/wiki/5._taldeko_elementu" title="5. taldeko elementu">5</a> -  <a href="/wiki/6._taldeko_elementu" title="6. taldeko elementu">6</a> -  <a href="/wiki/7._taldeko_elementu" title="7. taldeko elementu">7</a> -  <a href="/wiki/8._taldeko_elementu" title="8. taldeko elementu">8</a> -  <a href="/wiki/9._taldeko_elementu" title="9. taldeko elementu">9</a> - <a href="/wiki/10._taldeko_elementu" title="10. taldeko elementu">10</a> - <a href="/wiki/11._taldeko_elementu" title="11. taldeko elementu">11</a> - <a href="/wiki/12._taldeko_elementu" title="12. taldeko elementu">12</a> - <a href="/wiki/13._taldeko_elementu" title="13. taldeko elementu">13</a> - <a href="/wiki/14._taldeko_elementu" title="14. taldeko elementu">14</a> - <a href="/wiki/15._taldeko_elementu" title="15. taldeko elementu">15</a> - <a href="/wiki/Kalkogeno" title="Kalkogeno">16</a> - <a href="/wiki/Halogeno" title="Halogeno">17</a> - <a href="/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble">18</a> </p> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Taula_periodikoko_periodo" title="Taula periodikoko periodo"><b>Periodoak:</b></a>  <a href="/wiki/1._periodoko_elementu" title="1. periodoko elementu">1</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/2._periodoko_elementu" title="2. periodoko elementu">2</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/3._periodoko_elementu" title="3. periodoko elementu">3</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/4._periodoko_elementu" title="4. periodoko elementu">4</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/5._periodoko_elementu" title="5. periodoko elementu">5</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/6._periodoko_elementu" title="6. periodoko elementu">6</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/7._periodoko_elementu" title="7. periodoko elementu">7</a> </p> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Serie_kimiko" title="Serie kimiko"><b>Serieak</b></a>:   <a href="/wiki/Metal_alkalino" title="Metal alkalino">Metal alkalinoak</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/Metal_lurralkalino" title="Metal lurralkalino">Metal lurralkalinoak</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/Lantanoide" title="Lantanoide">Lantanoideak</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/Aktinido" title="Aktinido">Aktinidoak</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Trantsizio-metal" title="Trantsizio-metal">Trantsizio-metalak</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/Metaloide" title="Metaloide">Metaloideak</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/Ez-metal" title="Ez-metal">Ez-metalak</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/Halogeno" title="Halogeno">Halogenoak</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble">Gas nobleak</a> </p> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Taula_periodikoko_bloke" title="Taula periodikoko bloke"><b>Blokeak</b></a>:   <a href="/wiki/S_bloke" title="S bloke">s blokea</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/P_bloke" title="P bloke">p blokea</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/D_bloke" title="D bloke">d blokea</a>  -  <a href="/wiki/F_bloke" title="F bloke">f blokea</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/G_bloke" title="G bloke">g blokea</a> </p> <hr /> <p><small><a href="/wiki/Taula_periodiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Taula periodiko">Taula periodikoa</a></small> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See \u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetak\u003E.");});</script><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&oldid=9916506">https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&oldid=9916506</a>"(e)tik eskuratuta</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Kategoriak" title="Berezi:Kategoriak">Kategoriak</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Kimika" title="Kategoria:Kimika">Kimika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Zientziaren_historia" title="Kategoria:Zientziaren historia">Zientziaren historia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Jakindunen_bideoak_dituzten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Jakindunen bideoak dituzten artikuluak">Jakindunen bideoak dituzten artikuluak</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ezkutuko kategoriak: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Txantiloi-deietan_argumentu_bikoiztuak_erabiltzen_dituzten_orrialdeak" title="Kategoria:Txantiloi-deietan argumentu bikoiztuak erabiltzen dituzten orrialdeak">Txantiloi-deietan argumentu bikoiztuak erabiltzen dituzten orrialdeak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:ISBN_lotura_magikoak_dituzten_orrialdeak" title="Kategoria:ISBN lotura magikoak dituzten orrialdeak">ISBN lotura magikoak dituzten orrialdeak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluak">Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Hezkuntza_Programako_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Hezkuntza Programako artikuluak">Hezkuntza Programako artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Hezkuntza_Programa/Fisika_eta_Kimika" title="Kategoria:Hezkuntza Programa/Fisika eta Kimika">Hezkuntza Programa/Fisika eta Kimika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:VIAF_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:VIAF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:VIAF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNE_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNE identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BNE identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNF_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:GND_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:LCCN_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:AAT_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:AAT identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:AAT identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Orriaren azken aldaketa: 23 iraila 2024, 13:12.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Testua <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu">Creative Commons Aitortu-PartekatuBerdin 4.0 lizentziari</a> jarraituz erabil daiteke; baliteke beste klausularen batzuk ere aplikatu behar izatea. Xehetasunen berri izateko, ikus <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">erabilera-baldintzak</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Pribazitate politika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Wikipediari_buruz">Wikipediari buruz</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Erantzukizunen_mugaketa_orokorra">Lege oharra</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Garatzaileak</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/eu.wikipedia.org">Estatistikak</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie adierazpena</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taula_periodikoa&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mugikorreko bista</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-24c84","wgBackendResponseTime":176,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.639","walltime":"0.815","ppvisitednodes":{"value":18407,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":107698,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27261,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":36494,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":10,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 668.321 1 -total"," 50.41% 336.876 1 Txantiloi:Autoritate_kontrola"," 22.65% 151.352 31 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia"," 21.26% 142.052 62 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia/oinarria"," 19.06% 127.402 2 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia_zerrenda"," 8.78% 58.661 2 Txantiloi:Top_icon"," 8.15% 54.477 1 Txantiloi:Wikipedia1000"," 7.03% 47.016 2 Txantiloi:Category_handler"," 5.02% 33.581 2 Txantiloi:Category_handler/numbered"," 4.62% 30.862 2 Txantiloi:Namespace_detect"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.269","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4380120,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-d465dfd78-k8wwh","timestamp":"20241126122351","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Taula periodikoa","url":"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taula_periodikoa","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10693","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10693","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-07-29T19:40:30Z","dateModified":"2024-09-23T12:12:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2e\/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg"}</script> </body> </html>