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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production_and_further_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_and_further_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Production and further development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_and_further_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Surviving aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(Fulmar_Mk_II)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(Fulmar_Mk_II)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Specifications (Fulmar Mk II)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(Fulmar_Mk_II)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="فيري فولمار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيري فولمار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="فلومار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلومار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8" title="פיירי פולמאר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיירי פולמאר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC_%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC" title="フェアリーフルマー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェアリーフルマー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Fulmar" title="Fairey Fulmar – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Fairey Fulmar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%87%95%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="海燕式戰鬥轟炸機 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British carrier-borne reconnaissance aircraft/fighter aircraft</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Fulmar</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_(M4062).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_%28M4062%29.jpg/300px-Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_%28M4062%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_%28M4062%29.jpg/450px-Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_%28M4062%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_%28M4062%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">Fairey Fulmar Mk II N4062</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Carrier-based reconnaissance/fighter aircraft</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairey Aviation">Fairey Aviation Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lobelle" title="Marcel Lobelle">Marcel Lobelle</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Retired</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a><div> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">600<sup id="cite_ref-Scholefield_p._35_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholefield_p._35-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1940–1943</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">10 May 1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">4 January 1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fairey_P.4/34" title="Fairey P.4/34">Fairey P.4/34</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Fairey Fulmar</b> is a British <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">carrier-borne</a> <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">reconnaissance aircraft</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a> which was developed and manufactured by aircraft company <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairey Aviation">Fairey Aviation</a>. It was named after the <a href="/wiki/Northern_fulmar" title="Northern fulmar">northern fulmar</a>, a seabird native to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British Isles</a>. The Fulmar served with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> (FAA) during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p><p>The design of the Fulmar was based on that of the earlier <a href="/wiki/Fairey_P.4/34" title="Fairey P.4/34">Fairey P.4/34</a>, a land-based light bomber developed during 1936 as a replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Battle" title="Fairey Battle">Fairey Battle</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_bomber" title="Light bomber">light bomber</a>. Fairey had redesigned the aircraft as a navalised observation/fighter aircraft to satisfy the requirements of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Air_Ministry_specifications#1930–1939" title="List of Air Ministry specifications">Specification O.8/38</a>, for which it was selected. Although its performance (like that of its Battle antecedent) was unspectacular, the Fulmar was a reliable, sturdy aircraft with long range and an effective armament of eight <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a>; the type could also be put into production relatively quickly. On 4 January 1940, the first production aircraft made its first flight and delivery commenced shortly thereafter, while production of an improved model, the Fulmar Mk II, started during January 1941. Fairey produced a total of 600 Fulmars at its <a href="/wiki/Stockport" title="Stockport">Stockport</a> factory between January 1940 and December 1942. </p><p>During July 1940, <a href="/wiki/No._806_Squadron_FAA" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 806 Squadron FAA">No. 806 Squadron</a> became the first FAA squadron to receive the Fulmar. It participated in the pursuit of the <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Bismarck" title="German battleship Bismarck">German battleship <i>Bismarck</i></a>, having acted as a spotter for the chasing fleet. The Fulmar was heavily used in the <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African Campaign</a>, flying convoy protection patrols to and from the island of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, and providing air cover for <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Swordfish" title="Fairey Swordfish">Fairey Swordfish</a> <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">torpedo bombers</a> during attacks such as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Matapan" title="Battle of Cape Matapan">Battle of Cape Matapan</a>. By autumn 1940, it had been recorded as having shot down ten Italian bombers and six enemy fighters. The Fulmar was also deployed to the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>, where it proved largely incapable of matching the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a>-built <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">Mitsubishi A6M Zero</a>. During the later stages of the conflict, it was relegated from the fighter role by single-seat aircraft such as the British-built <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">Supermarine Seafire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a>-built <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">Grumman Martlet</a> fighters. While continuing service as a trainer and reconnaissance aircraft for a time, the Fulmar was withdrawn from front line service in February 1945. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Fulmar has its origins in the <a href="/wiki/Fairey_P.4/34" title="Fairey P.4/34">Fairey P.4/34</a>, which had been developed in response to the issuing of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Air_Ministry_specifications#1930–1939" title="List of Air Ministry specifications">Specification P.4/34</a> by the British <a href="/wiki/Air_Ministry" title="Air Ministry">Air Ministry</a>. P.4/34 had sought a <a href="/wiki/Light_bomber" title="Light bomber">light bomber</a> that would be capable of being used as a <a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive bomber</a>; in addition to Fairey's entry, competing submissions came in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Henley" title="Hawker Henley">Hawker Henley</a> and an unbuilt Gloster design.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bishop_402_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bishop_402-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the P.4/34's relatively high maximum speed of 284 mph, the rival Henley, which was capable of attaining 300 mph, was selected and eventually ordered; in service, the Henley was largely used as a <a href="/wiki/Target_tug" title="Target tug">target tug</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Fulmar was basically a version of the P.4/34 which had been adapted for naval use. Fairey submitted their modified design as a response to Specification O.8/38, which called for a two-crew fighter capable of <a href="/wiki/Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">observation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">fleet defence</a> operations. As the prospective aircraft was not expected to encounter any major fighter opposition, as <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, Britain's only foreseen enemy during this era, possessed no aircraft carriers of its own, factors such as long range and heavy armament were considered to be more important than a high level of either manoeuvrability or speed. As the type was intended to routinely perform lengthy flights over the <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a>, the presence of a <a href="/wiki/Navigator" title="Navigator">navigator</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a> operator was considered to be an essential element, especially when flying at nighttime or during poor weather conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-fredriksen_110_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fredriksen_110-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wragg_61_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wragg_61-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Possessing a substantial resemblance to the earlier <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Battle" title="Fairey Battle">Fairey Battle</a>, the Fulmar <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> was an aerodynamically cleaner aircraft and featured a <a href="/wiki/Folding_wing" title="Folding wing">folding wing</a> that was 16 in (41 cm) shorter.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 January 1937, the prototype P.4/34 <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_military_aircraft_serials" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom military aircraft serials">serial number</a> <i>K5099</i> conducted its <a href="/wiki/Maiden_flight" title="Maiden flight">maiden flight</a> at Fairey Aviation's <a href="/wiki/Great_West_Aerodrome" title="Great West Aerodrome">Great West Aerodrome</a> (this site has since been occupied by <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow Airport</a>), the Fairey <a href="/wiki/Test_pilot" title="Test pilot">test pilot</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Staniland" title="Chris Staniland">Chris Staniland</a> was at the controls.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_p._287_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_p._287-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lumsden_p._354_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lumsden_p._354-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the initial flight tests, the tail was elevated by 8 in (20 cm).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During 1938, the name <i>Fulmar</i> was picked for the type, although this was not announced until deliveries of the type commenced during 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-faa_museum_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faa_museum-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_and_further_development">Production and further development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production and further development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first prototype Fulmar, which acted as a "flying <a href="/wiki/Mock-up" class="mw-redirect" title="Mock-up">mock-up</a>", was powered by a single <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">Rolls-Royce Merlin III</a> engine, which was capable of generating up to 1,030hp hp (810 kW).<sup id="cite_ref-Lumsden_p._354_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lumsden_p._354-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flight testing revealed the prototype's performance to be relatively poor, the highest speed it could attain being 230 mph (370 km/h). Following the adoption of the more powerful <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rolls-Royce_Merlin_variants" title="List of Rolls-Royce Merlin variants">Merlin VIII</a> engine – a variant unique to the Fulmar and with <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">supercharging</a> optimised for low-level flight, as well as various aerodynamic improvements made to the airframe, the prototype's speed was increased to 265 mph (426 km/h) when flown at an altitude of 7500 ft (2286m). Due to the desperate requirement for more modern fighters to equip Britain's carrier fleet, the Fulmar's performance was considered adequate.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown,_David_p47_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown,_David_p47-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_II_from_underside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_II_from_underside.jpg/220px-Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_II_from_underside.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_II_from_underside.jpg/330px-Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_II_from_underside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_II_from_underside.jpg/440px-Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_II_from_underside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>Fulmar Mk II, identified by the small additional air inlets on either side of the chin</figcaption></figure> <p>As a relatively straightforward derivative of an existing prototype, the Fulmar promised to be available in quantity quickly; during mid-1938, an initial order for 127 production aircraft was placed by the Royal Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_p._287_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_p._287-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond Britain's own plans for the type, the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Navy">Danish Navy</a> also took a keen interest in the Fulmar; at one point, plans were in motion to produce the aircraft <a href="/wiki/Licensed_production" title="Licensed production">under licence</a> in Denmark; however, such ambitions were terminated by the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. Furthermore, while a <a href="/wiki/Float_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Float plane">float plane</a> model of the aircraft was designed and promoted, no such aircraft would ever be constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-faa_museum_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faa_museum-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 January 1940, the first production aircraft flew from Fairey's facility at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Ringway" title="RAF Ringway">RAF Ringway</a> near <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>; the final of 600 Fulmars was delivered from Ringway on 11 December 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-Scholefield_p._35_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholefield_p._35-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fulmar_prototype.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fulmar_prototype.jpg/220px-Fulmar_prototype.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fulmar_prototype.jpg/330px-Fulmar_prototype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fulmar_prototype.jpg/440px-Fulmar_prototype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4798" data-file-height="3199" /></a><figcaption>N1854, the first production Fulmar at Farnborough at the SBAC show on 8 September 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>During January 1941, production of the improved Fulmar Mk II commenced; the first Mk II aircraft was delivered to an operational squadron in March 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model of the aircraft was furnished with the more powerful Merlin XXX engine; this engine and 350lb of airframe weight savings allowed the aircraft to achieve 272mph at rated altitude, whilst also allowing sea level rate of climb to increase to 1250 feet per minute(15,000ft being obtainable in 12 mins against 15 mins in the Mk1)the airframe had provision for a 60-gallon (273 litre) centre-line <a href="/wiki/Drop_tank" title="Drop tank">drop tank</a> and provision to carry a 250 lb (114 kg) or 500 lb (227 kg) bomb in lieu of the drop tank.<sup id="cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p07_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p07-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bishop_402_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bishop_402-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fredriksen_110_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fredriksen_110-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During October 1941, tests performed at <a href="/wiki/MOD_Boscombe_Down" title="MOD Boscombe Down">RAF Boscombe Down</a> revealed that the 60-gallon drop tank extended the aircraft's range to 1,100 mi (1,800 km).<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_p._269_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_p._269-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During June 1942, flight testing of the Fulmar II was conducted at Boscombe Down; these tests found that the Fulmar could safely drop a 500 lb bomb during 60-degree dives at up to 310 knots.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_p._269_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_p._269-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fulmars were launched from catapults on merchant ships, a convoy defensive plan that was being evaluated at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_p._84_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_p._84-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>N1854</i>, the first production Fulmar, was later modified to Mk II standard and re-designated <i>G-AIBE</i>, after which it was used as Fairey's hack for some time. During June 1959, it reverted to service markings and was seen at Farnborough at the <a href="/wiki/Farnborough_Airshow" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnborough Airshow">SBAC show</a> on 8 September 1962; <i>G-AIBE'</i>s last flight was conducted three months later on 18 December 1962. During 1972, the aircraft was presented to the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm_Museum" title="Fleet Air Arm Museum">Fleet Air Arm Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeovilton" title="Yeovilton">Yeovilton</a>, where it has been preserved and is on static display.<sup id="cite_ref-faa_museum_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faa_museum-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_landing_on_aircraft_carrier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_landing_on_aircraft_carrier.jpg/220px-Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_landing_on_aircraft_carrier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_landing_on_aircraft_carrier.jpg/330px-Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_landing_on_aircraft_carrier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_landing_on_aircraft_carrier.jpg/440px-Fairey_Fulmar_Mk_I_landing_on_aircraft_carrier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>Fulmar Mk I landing on an aircraft carrier in the Mediterranean, 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>During July 1940, the first squadron of the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> to be equipped with the Fulmar was <a href="/wiki/No._806_Squadron_FAA" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 806 Squadron FAA">No. 806 Squadron</a>, this squadron commenced operations from the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Illustrious_(87)" title="HMS Illustrious (87)">HMS <i>Illustrious</i></a> shortly afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_24_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_24-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Navy had specified a two-seat machine so that the pilot would have the assistance of another crew member in reporting back to the fleet the observations made, which were done using <a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">wireless telegraphy</a> (W/T) and to navigate over the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-fredriksen_110_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fredriksen_110-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fulmar was too large and lacked manoeuvrability against single-seat, land-based opposition, as it did in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean,_Middle_East_and_African_theatres_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II">Mediterranean Theatre</a>; its performance was clearly inferior to typical land-based fighters. The long range of the Fulmar was often useful at times. During the 1941 chase of <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Bismarck" title="German battleship Bismarck">German battleship <i>Bismarck</i></a>, Germany's newest capital ship, six Fulmars from the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Victorious_(R38)" title="HMS Victorious (R38)">HMS <i>Victorious</i></a> were used as carrier-borne spotters, playing a marginal role in tracking the movements of the <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_p._84_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_p._84-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Fulmar was one of several British aircraft to participate in the <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African Campaign</a>. During September 1940, the Fulmar first saw action while flying convoy protection patrols to and from the island of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>. When reinforcements were being dispatched to Malta, Fulmars guided flights of carrier-launched <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hurricane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfire</a> fighters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The relatively sturdy Fulmar was able to achieve dozens of victories against its Italian and German adversaries.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first recorded kill by a Fulmar was scored on 2 September 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_24_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_24-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By October of that year, Fulmar pilots had claimed the shooting down of ten Italian bombers.<sup id="cite_ref-faa_museum_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faa_museum-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The type proved particularly effective against Italian reconnaissance aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-wragg_63_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wragg_63-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on, thirteen Fulmars onboard the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Formidable_(67)" title="HMS Formidable (67)">HMS <i>Formidable</i></a> also participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Matapan" title="Battle of Cape Matapan">Battle of Cape Matapan</a>, strafing the battleship <a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Italian battleship Vittorio Veneto">Vittorio Veneto</a> whilst trying to draw fire away from the attacking <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Swordfish" title="Fairey Swordfish">Fairey Swordfish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Albacore" title="Fairey Albacore">Fairey Albacore</a> torpedo bombers.<sup id="cite_ref-bishop_402_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bishop_402-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Fulmar was also deployed in other theatres, including the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a>. The type was a common constituent of the numerous <a href="/wiki/Arctic_convoys_of_World_War_II" title="Arctic convoys of World War II">Arctic convoys of World War II</a>. Fulmars also played a prominent role in <a href="/wiki/Operation_EF_(1941)" title="Operation EF (1941)">Operation EF</a>, the ill-fated air raid on <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a>-held facilities <a href="/wiki/Kirkenes" title="Kirkenes">Kirkenes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pechengsky_District" title="Pechengsky District">Petsamo</a> conducted during July 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-faa_museum_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faa_museum-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During early 1942, multiple Fulmar-equipped squadrons were deployed to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific Theatre</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Empire">Japanese Empire</a>, while two squadrons were dispatched to defend <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a>. On engaging with the nimble and lightly armoured <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">Mitsubishi A6M</a> fighter, the Fulmar quickly proved to have been outclassed against the Zero and six Fulmars were lost in exchange for four <a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">Aichi D3A</a> "Vals" and one <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B5N" title="Nakajima B5N">Nakajima B5N "Kate"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smith_ix85_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith_ix85-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, more Fulmars were dispatched to the Far East.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_85_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith_85-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout 1942, the Fulmar was being gradually replaced as a naval fighter by single-seat aircraft that had been adapted from land fighters, such as the British <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Sea_Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawker Sea Hurricane">Hawker Sea Hurricane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">Supermarine Seafire</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">Grumman Martlet</a>, which was designed as a carrier aircraft from the start.<sup id="cite_ref-fredriksen_110_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fredriksen_110-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fulmar was to figure prominently in the Mediterranean during 1941 and 1942 as the primary fighter of the Fleet Air Arm for most of the <a href="/wiki/Malta_convoys" title="Malta convoys">Malta convoys</a> during those years. 16 Fulmars were present on <i>Victorious</i> during the penultimate <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pedestal" title="Operation Pedestal">Operation Pedestal</a> which was to be their last major carrier borne operation. The type continued to be operated, providing useful service as a night convoy escort and intruder, it was also used to train crews for the newer and more advanced <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Barracuda" title="Fairey Barracuda">Fairey Barracuda</a>. Following their withdrawal from the fighter role, Fulmars were used for long-range <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> missions. Unarmed Fulmars would also see service in Africa as communications and despatch aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At its peak, twenty squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm were equipped with the Fulmar. It flew from eight fleet aircraft carriers and five <a href="/wiki/Escort_carrier" title="Escort carrier">escort carriers</a>. <a href="/wiki/No._273_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 273 Squadron RAF">No. 273 Squadron RAF</a> operated them for some months in 1942 from <a href="/wiki/China_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="China Bay">China Bay</a>, Ceylon, seeing action against Japanese forces during the raid on 9 April 1942, though about half the squadron personnel were Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-RAF_History_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAF_History-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fulmars are recorded as having destroyed 112 enemy aircraft against the loss of 40 Fulmars,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which made the type the leading fighter type in terms of aircraft shot down to be operated by the Fleet Air Arm during the war. In February 1945, the Fulmar was withdrawn from front line service; the last operational aircraft, a Fulmar MK II night-fighter from No. 813 Squadron, was severely damaged in a landing accident at the safety barrier on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Campania_(D48)" title="HMS Campania (D48)">HMS <i>Campania</i></a> and was written off.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Approximately 100 Fulmars were converted to a <a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">night fighter</a> variant but the type achieved only limited success in this role.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_p._84_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_p._84-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the early marks of the aircraft were also operated from <a href="/wiki/CAM_ship" title="CAM ship">CAM ships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ireland_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ireland-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy French</a> forces reportedly captured a Fulmar Mk I, which had been forced to land while flying a reconnaissance mission over <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> during March 1941. This Fulmar was repaired and operated for some time by the Group de Chasse I/4.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to pilots, its flight characteristics were considered to be pleasant, while its widely spaced undercarriage provided good deck handling and it had excellent fuel capacity and range. Most Fleet Air Arm <a href="/wiki/Fighter_ace" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighter ace">fighter aces</a> scored at least some of their victories while flying Fulmars; the first pilot to score five kills while flying the type was <a href="/wiki/Sub-Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Lieutenant">Sub-Lieutenant</a> Jackie Sewell.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_25_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_25-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sub-Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Orr" title="Stanley Orr">Stanley Orr</a> finished the war with twelve confirmed air victories, the third-highest scoring pilot in the FAA.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Mk.I</dt> <dd>First production variant powered by a 1,035 hp (772 kW) (1,275 hp at take off) <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rolls-Royce_Merlin_variants" title="List of Rolls-Royce Merlin variants">Rolls-Royce Merlin VIII</a>; 8 × <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun#Browning_03_Mark_II" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">.303 Browning Mk.II</a> (750 rounds per gun), 250 built.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown,_David_p47_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown,_David_p47-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bishop_402_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bishop_402-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Mk.II</dt> <dd>Updated variant powered by a 1,300 hp (970 kW) Merlin XXX with a new propeller and the addition of tropical equipment; 8 × <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun#Browning_03_Mark_II" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">.303 Browning Mk.II</a> (1,000 rounds per gun) or 4 × 0.5 in (13 mm) <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning#AN/M2" title="M2 Browning">Browning AN/M2</a> – part of the last batch (170 rounds per gun, in other sources specified 370 rounds per gun), some finished as night fighters, one prototype converted from a Mk.I and 350 built.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown,_David_p47_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown,_David_p47-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p7_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p7-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bishop_402_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bishop_402-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>NF Mk.II</dt> <dd>Mk.II <a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">night fighter</a> with an Air Interception <a href="/wiki/AI_Mk._IV_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="AI Mk. IV radar">AI Mk. IV radar</a> (1 aircraft) or <a href="/wiki/SCR-720" title="SCR-720">AI Mk.X</a> radar (other); 4 × 0.50 Browning AN/M2 – about 50 aircraft (other 8 × .303 Browning Mk.II), total were converted from the Mk.II nearly 100 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bishop_402_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bishop_402-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._273_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 273 Squadron RAF">No. 273 Squadron RAF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/731_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="731 Naval Air Squadron">731 Naval Air Squadron</a> (Deck Landing Control Officer training)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/740_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="740 Naval Air Squadron">740 Naval Air Squadron</a> (Observer Training Squadron)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/746_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="746 Naval Air Squadron">746 Naval Air Squadron</a> (Night Fighter Interception Unit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/748_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="748 Naval Air Squadron">748 Naval Air Squadron</a> (Naval Fighter Pool)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/759_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="759 Naval Air Squadron">759 Naval Air Squadron</a> (RNAS Fighter School)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/760_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="760 Naval Air Squadron">760 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/761_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="761 Naval Air Squadron">761 Naval Air Squadron</a> (RNAS Fighter School)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/762_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="762 Naval Air Squadron">762 Naval Air Squadron</a> (RNAS Fighter School)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/766_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="766 Naval Air Squadron">766 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/767_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="767 Naval Air Squadron">767 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/768_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="768 Naval Air Squadron">768 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/769_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="769 Naval Air Squadron">769 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/772_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="772 Naval Air Squadron">772 Naval Air Squadron</a> (Fleet Requirements Unit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/775_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="775 Naval Air Squadron">775 Naval Air Squadron</a> (Fleet Requirements Unit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/777_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="777 Naval Air Squadron">777 Naval Air Squadron</a> (Fleet Requirements Unit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/778_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="778 Naval Air Squadron">778 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/784_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="784 Naval Air Squadron">784 Naval Air Squadron</a> (Night Fighter Training Unit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/787_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="787 Naval Air Squadron">787 Naval Air Squadron</a> (Fighter Development Unit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/790_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="790 Naval Air Squadron">790 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/795_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="795 Naval Air Squadron">795 Naval Air Squadron</a> (East African Fighter Pool)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/800_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="800 Naval Air Squadron">800 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/803_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="803 Naval Air Squadron">803 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/804_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="804 Naval Air Squadron">804 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/805_Squadron_RAN" title="805 Squadron RAN">805 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/806_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="806 Naval Air Squadron">806 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/807_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="807 Naval Air Squadron">807 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/808_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="808 Naval Air Squadron">808 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/809_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="809 Naval Air Squadron">809 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/813_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="813 Naval Air Squadron">813 Naval Air Squadron</a> (Night Sqn.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/879_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="879 Naval Air Squadron">879 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/884_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="884 Naval Air Squadron">884 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/886_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="886 Naval Air Squadron">886 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/887_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="887 Naval Air Squadron">887 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/889_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="889 Naval Air Squadron">889 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/893_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="893 Naval Air Squadron">893 Naval Air Squadron</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_aircraft">Surviving aircraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Surviving aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairey_Fulmer.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Fairey_Fulmer.JPG/220px-Fairey_Fulmer.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Fairey_Fulmer.JPG/330px-Fairey_Fulmer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Fairey_Fulmer.JPG/440px-Fairey_Fulmer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Fairey Fulmar at the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm_Museum" title="Fleet Air Arm Museum">Fleet Air Arm Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The only known survivor is <i>N1854</i>, the Fulmar prototype (and first production Mk I) at the Fleet Air Arm Museum, Yeovilton.<sup id="cite_ref-faa_museum_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faa_museum-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only known surviving Rolls-Royce Merlin VIII engine is in a private collection in the UK and came from Fulmar Mk I, <i>N1926</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(Fulmar_Mk_II)"><span id="Specifications_.28Fulmar_Mk_II.29"></span>Specifications (Fulmar Mk II)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Specifications (Fulmar Mk II)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> Fairey Fulmar, Warpaint Series No.41,<sup id="cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p07_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p07-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II,<sup id="cite_ref-bishop_402_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bishop_402-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fairey Aircraft since 1915<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 2</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 40 ft 2 in (12.24 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 46 ft 4.25 in (14.1288 m)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 14 ft 0 in (4.27 m)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 342 sq ft (31.8 m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>:</b> <b>root:</b> <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 2418</a>; <b>tip:</b> <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 2409</a><sup id="cite_ref-Selig_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selig-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 7,015 lb (3,182 kg)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 9,672 lb (4,387 kg)</li> <li><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 10,200 lb (4,627 kg)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin_30" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin 30">Rolls-Royce Merlin 30</a> V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine, 1,300 hp (970 kW)</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 3-bladed <a href="/wiki/Rotol" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotol">Rotol</a> constant-speed propeller</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 272 mph (438 km/h, 236 kn) at 7,250 ft (2,210 m)</li> <li><b>Cruise speed:</b> 235 mph (378 km/h, 204 kn)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 780 mi (1,260 km, 680 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 27,200 ft (8,300 m)</li> <li><b>Rate of climb:</b> 1,200 ft/min (6.1 m/s)</li> <li><b>Wing loading:</b> 28 lb/sq ft (140 kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li>8 × <a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">0.303 in</a> (7.7 mm) or 4 × <a href="/wiki/.50_BMG" title=".50 BMG">0.50 in</a> (12.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">Browning machine guns</a> wing-mounted,<sup id="cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p7_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p7-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>occasionally</i> 1 × .303 in (7.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/Vickers_K_machine_gun" title="Vickers K machine gun">Vickers K machine gun</a> in rear cabin</li> <li>2 × 100 lb (45 kg) or 250 lb (110 kg) bombs</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p> <b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Battle" title="Fairey Battle">Fairey Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Firefly" title="Fairey Firefly">Fairey Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_P.4/34" title="Fairey P.4/34">Fairey P.4/34</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Skua" title="Blackburn Skua">Blackburn Skua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">Grumman F4F Wildcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">Grumman F6F Hellcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Sea Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">Mitsubishi A6M Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">Supermarine Seafire</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Fleet_Air_Arm" title="List of aircraft of the Fleet Air Arm">List of aircraft of the Fleet Air Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force">List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of World War II">List of aircraft of World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Scholefield_p._35-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scholefield_p._35_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scholefield_p._35_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scholefield 1998, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mason 1994, p. 306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bishop_402-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bishop_402_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bishop_402_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bishop_402_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bishop_402_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bishop_402_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bishop_402_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bishop_402_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bishop 2002, p. 402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thetford 1991, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fredriksen_110-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fredriksen_110_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fredriksen_110_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fredriksen_110_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fredriksen_110_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fredriksen 2001, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wragg_61-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wragg_61_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wragg 2003, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason_p._287-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_p._287_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_p._287_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mason 1992, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lumsden_p._354-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lumsden_p._354_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lumsden_p._354_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lumsden 1990, p. 354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faa_museum-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-faa_museum_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faa_museum_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faa_museum_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faa_museum_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faa_museum_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faa_museum_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fleetairarm.com/exhibit/fairey-fulmar-n1854/2-38-14.aspx">"Fairey Fulmar (N1854)."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524070138/https://www.fleetairarm.com/exhibit/fairey-fulmar-n1854/2-38-14.aspx">Archived</a> 24 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm_Museum" title="Fleet Air Arm Museum">Fleet Air Arm Museum</a></i>, Retrieved: 1 July 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown,_David_p47-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown,_David_p47_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown,_David_p47_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown,_David_p47_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 1973, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p0_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bussy 2004, p. 0.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thetford 1991, p. 157: states <i>280 mph</i>. Note: Almost all British aircraft could use <a href="/wiki/War_emergency_power#WEP_in_World_War_II_aircraft" title="War emergency power">emergency boost</a> to increase the supercharger intake pressure and increase power at low altitude for short periods of time. The Merlin VIII engine was rated at 1,275 hp at take-off and the use of overboost gained this power rating in combat and 257mph was feasible.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 1973, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p07-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p07_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p07_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bussy 2004, pp. 0, 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason_p._269-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_p._269_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_p._269_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mason 1998, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_p._84-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_p._84_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_p._84_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_p._84_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_24-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_24_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_24_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas 2013, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen, p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 1973, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wragg_63-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wragg_63_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wragg 2003, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shores, Chapter 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith_ix85-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_ix85_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith 2014, pp. ix, 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armouredcarriers.com/fairey-fulmar-operational-history">"Armoured Aircraft Carriers"</a>. <i>Armoured Aircraft Carriers in World War II</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Armoured+Aircraft+Carriers+in+World+War+II&rft.atitle=Armoured+Aircraft+Carriers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armouredcarriers.com%2Ffairey-fulmar-operational-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairey+Fulmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith_85-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_85_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith 2014, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanson2016" class="citation book cs1">Hanson, Norman (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/992169551"><i>Carrier Pilot</i></a>. London: Silvertail Books. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-909269-59-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-909269-59-0"><bdi>978-1-909269-59-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/992169551">992169551</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carrier+Pilot&rft.place=London&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Silvertail+Books&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F992169551&rft.isbn=978-1-909269-59-0&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F992169551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairey+Fulmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RAF_History-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RAF_History_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raf.mod.uk/history_old/h273.html">"History of No. 273 Squadron."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070713080102/http://www.raf.mod.uk/history_old/h273.html">Archived</a> 13 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>RAF History</i>. Retrieved 25 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 1973, pp. 42+45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown 1973, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ireland-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ireland_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ireland 2007, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ovčáčík and Susa 2001, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_25-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_25_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas 2013, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p7-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p7_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bussy,_Geoffrey_p7_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bussy 2004, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bussy 2004, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1974" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, H.A. (1974). <i>Fairey Aircraft since 1915</i>. London: Putnam. pp. <span class="nowrap">303–</span>312. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-370-00065X" title="Special:BookSources/0-370-00065X"><bdi>0-370-00065X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fairey+Aircraft+since+1915&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E303-%3C%2Fspan%3E312&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-370-00065X&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=H.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairey+Fulmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selig-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Selig_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLednicer" class="citation web cs1">Lednicer, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html">"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"</a>. <i>m-selig.ae.illinois.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu&rft.atitle=The+Incomplete+Guide+to+Airfoil+Usage&rft.aulast=Lednicer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm-selig.ae.illinois.edu%2Fads%2Faircraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairey+Fulmar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bishop, Chris. <i>The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II.</i>, Sterling Publishing Company, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-586-63762-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-586-63762-2">1-586-63762-2</a>.</li> <li>Brown, David. <i>Fairey Fulmar Mks I & II, Aircraft Number 254</i>. London: Profile Publications, 1973. No ISBN.</li> <li>Brown, Eric, CBE, DCS, AFC, RN., William Green and Gordon Swanborough. "Fairey Fulmar". <i>Wings of the Navy, Flying Allied Carrier Aircraft of World War Two</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Information_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane's Information Group">Jane's Publishing Company</a>, 1980, pp. 69–78. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7106-0002-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7106-0002-X">0-7106-0002-X</a>.</li> <li>Bussy, Geoffrey. <i>Fairey Fulmar, Warpaint Series No.41</i>. Luton, Bedfordshire, UK: Warpaint Books Ltd., 2004. No ISBN.</li> <li>Fredriksen, John C. <i>International Warbirds: An Illustrated Guide to World Military Aircraft, 1914-2000</i>. ABC-CLIO, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-364-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-364-5">1-57607-364-5</a>.</li> <li>Green, William. <i>War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Two Fighters</i>. London: Macdonald, 1961. No ISBN.</li> <li>Ireland, Bernard. <i>Aircraft Carriers of the World: An Illustrated A-Z Guide To Over 150 Ships</i>. London: Southwater, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84476-363-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84476-363-4">978-1-84476-363-4</a>.</li> <li>Lumsden, Alec. "Number Three: Fairey Fulmar." <i>Aeroplane Monthly</i>, June 1990.</li> <li>March, Daniel J. <i>British Warplanes of World War II: Combat Aircraft of the RAF and the Fleet Air Arm, 1939–1945</i>. Rochester, Kent, UK: Grange Books, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84013-391-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-84013-391-0">1-84013-391-0</a>.</li> <li>Mason, Francis K. <i>The British Bomber since 1914</i>. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5">0-85177-861-5</a>.</li> <li>Mason, Francis K. <i>The British Fighter since 1912</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-082-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-082-7">1-55750-082-7</a>.</li> <li>Mason, Tim. <i>The Secret Years: Flight Testing at Boscombe Down 1939–1945</i>. Manchester, UK: Hikoki, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9519899-9-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9519899-9-5">0-9519899-9-5</a>.</li> <li>Ovčáčík, Michal and Karel Susa. <i>Fairey Fulmar Mks. I, II, NF Mk. II, TT Mk. II</i>. Prague, Czech Republic: Mark 1 Ltd., 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/80-902559-5-7" title="Special:BookSources/80-902559-5-7">80-902559-5-7</a>.</li> <li>Scholefield, R.A. <i>Manchester Airport</i>. Stroud, UK: <a href="/wiki/The_History_Press" title="The History Press">Sutton Publishing</a>, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-1954-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-1954-X">0-7509-1954-X</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoresBrian_CullYasuho_Izawa1993" class="citation book cs1">Shores, Christopher; Brian Cull; Yasuho Izawa (1993). <i>Bloody Shambles: Volume Two: The Defence of Sumatra to the Fall of Burma</i>. <a href="/wiki/Grub_Street" title="Grub Street">Grub Street</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bloody+Shambles%3A+Volume+Two%3A+The+Defence+of+Sumatra+to+the+Fall+of+Burma&rft.pub=Grub+Street&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Shores&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Brian+Cull&rft.au=Yasuho+Izawa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairey+Fulmar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Smith, Peter C. <i>Mitsubishi Zero: Japan's Legendary Fighter</i>. Pen and Sword, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4738-4688-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-4738-4688-9">1-4738-4688-9</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen1988" class="citation book cs1">Stephen, Martin (1988). Grove, Eric (ed.). <i>Sea Battles in close-up : World War 2</i>. Ian Allan ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-1596-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-1596-1"><bdi>0-7110-1596-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sea+Battles+in+close-up+%3A+World+War+2&rft.pub=Ian+Allan+ltd&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-7110-1596-1&rft.aulast=Stephen&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairey+Fulmar" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Taylor, John W.R. "Fairey Fulmar." <i>Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">G. P. Putnam's Sons</a>, 1969. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-425-03633-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-425-03633-2">0-425-03633-2</a>.</li> <li>Thetford, Owen, <i>British Naval Aircraft Since 1912</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-076-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-076-2">978-1-55750-076-2</a>.</li> <li>Thomas, Orr. <i>Royal Navy Aces of World War 2</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-47280-232-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-47280-232-2">1-47280-232-2</a>.</li> <li>Winchester, Jim. "Fairey Fulmar." <i>Aircraft of World War II</i> (The Aviation Factfile). Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84013-639-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84013-639-1">1-84013-639-1</a>.</li> <li>Wragg, David W. <i>Malta, the Last Great Siege</i>. Casemate Publishers, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85052-990-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85052-990-5">0-85052-990-5</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairey_Fulmar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fairey_Fulmar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fairey Fulmar">Fairey Fulmar</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901162732/http://www.fleetairarmarchive.net/aircraft/Fulmar.htm">Fleet Air arm archive</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=12839">The Convoy Got Through – The Fulmar in action – Summer 1941</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611042638/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=12839">Archived</a> 11 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180558/http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=62">Fairey Fulmar</a> – British Aircraft Directory</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Aviation_Company" title="Fairey Aviation Company">Fairey</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chronological order</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_F.2" title="Fairey F.2">F.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_N.4" title="Fairey N.4">N.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_N.9" title="Fairey N.9">N.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_III" title="Fairey III">N.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Hamble_Baby" title="Fairey Hamble Baby">Hamble Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Campania" title="Fairey Campania">Campania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_III" title="Fairey III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Pintail" title="Fairey Pintail">Pintail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Flycatcher" title="Fairey Flycatcher">Flycatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Fawn" title="Fairey Fawn">Fawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Fremantle" title="Fairey Fremantle">Fremantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Ferret" title="Fairey Ferret">Ferret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Fox" title="Fairey Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Fox" title="Fairey Fox">Kangourou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Firefly_I" title="Fairey Firefly I">Firefly I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Long-range_Monoplane" title="Fairey Long-range Monoplane">Long-range Monoplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Firefly_IIM" title="Fairey Firefly IIM">Firefly IIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Fleetwing" title="Fairey Fleetwing">Fleetwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Hendon" title="Fairey Hendon">Hendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gordon" title="Fairey Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Seal" title="Fairey Seal">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_S.9/30" title="Fairey S.9/30">S.9/30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_S.9/30" title="Fairey S.9/30">TSR.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_G.4/31" title="Fairey G.4/31">G.4/31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Swordfish" title="Fairey Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Fant%C3%B4me" title="Fairey Fantôme">Fantôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Battle" title="Fairey Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Seafox" title="Fairey Seafox">Seafox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_P.4/34" title="Fairey P.4/34">P.4/34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Albacore" title="Fairey Albacore">Albacore</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fulmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Barracuda" title="Fairey Barracuda">Barracuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Firefly" title="Fairey Firefly">Firefly (monoplane)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Spearfish" title="Fairey Spearfish">Spearfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_FB-1_Gyrodyne" title="Fairey FB-1 Gyrodyne">Gyrodyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Primer" title="Fairey Primer">Primer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gannet" title="Fairey Gannet">Gannet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Delta_1" title="Fairey Delta 1">Delta 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Jet_Gyrodyne" title="Fairey Jet Gyrodyne">Jet Gyrodyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Delta_2" title="Fairey Delta 2">Delta 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Ultra-light_Helicopter" title="Fairey Ultra-light Helicopter">Ultra-light Helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Rotodyne" title="Fairey Rotodyne">Rotodyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gannet_AEW.3" title="Fairey Gannet AEW.3">Gannet AEW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avions_Fairey" title="Avions Fairey">Avions Fairey</a> aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avions_Fairey_Junior" title="Avions Fairey Junior">Avions Fairey Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avions_Fairey_Belfair" title="Avions Fairey Belfair">Avions Fairey Belfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipsy_B" title="Tipsy B">Tipsy B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipsy_Nipper" title="Tipsy Nipper">Tipsy Nipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Primer" title="Fairey Primer">Tipsy M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipsy_S.2" title="Tipsy S.2">Tipsy S.2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox867" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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