CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c7341cff7681f2',cH: 'HaQxwPJt0j2EGm80KsddmoEnqcibz1vjE5sgDr7UeVk-1741320212-1.2.1.1-0d0LttNR80B81z12cvwYaL15AWL.u50M32XLLxK_qzjWn0OLmzg7JzXCTFIyx4aF',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=writing%20ability&__cf_chl_tk=sr0lhuh6vNwyQg7NkDK75N8th3jSddxbQ158mLUEfKo-1741320212-1.0.1.1-nReJzSq9PlO4DxkYoPSFl19XxySxev6ItNGPg5I1agA",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741320212',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=writing%20ability&__cf_chl_f_tk=sr0lhuh6vNwyQg7NkDK75N8th3jSddxbQ158mLUEfKo-1741320212-1.0.1.1-nReJzSq9PlO4DxkYoPSFl19XxySxev6ItNGPg5I1agA",md: "i6EWxvWPKwHXrOImM3lAvsvQV3suQxR7JInL8zjrP4A-1741320212-1.2.1.1-Yc0numQN1CYRVqzvR7iU_6vWt9S7ei25H_9QjJomS8kChkLhxwrXmR0Q_bB8ykAi90RK1XgsOUtmPsK5tI3DBJnPj3x6RJIu3NKOu4AcOhUF17Ilhw0PXWjoA6a19bDaGHqE0UYQxESGl7jjcBZL1nkq0jr3f88EyQM9Ru_CXOkLjLmeud4CYOonVun3iEdM9kRF6dxP2eWAh33UTvm7dxYgaAVGZ6GDOxO7iSR7EqEYL_nhR_eBKDtFmicr6PujQd0crMmJOysBTG1deS5qdaDO1spnBjCRhE3R55EPpEVhgQzpvlITefMG8Y_nHaeeLON0hgtDLPNvHcQ5kCv.geN2vZit3XD50G9_jpGMGHHCON9hDmVAuro1AyRb8.66b7V53rKY7Pg2xbtWykUv06FszzBC2018Bh87TBdkAk0XdCe8cv3kTHGgtiEiWDHeh4JNyHpRTB7EF86R_oY7RyuTwsBfkE2YqE41ZltcfSumRmj8ai.DqNKMgiXtGww5PYMcwu7BbmoLIutE0gHneCJuYbrXYn4ovgnwIuCbmLOTOl7UFKvV8pwHUI6rKP1EzDkrOmDgO55KmngPRnQHQhKFFX4RtNQ2KGq8ONjIzBamZmSrlkCkUXqZYpfQWX8ZJZVozPNXuiKAlBj0PxK2aeF0SXfQSLHQG5WIA.3ZozhGKSaXE0ng6cCj2UPl18yvjavz_0KV56YS_fxsU_LAB0VG.RyRKosi3ppP3yNFLXl0TgQuZhNq0Sl15UchGNUWlGsiOrdoc3XqGetPiSKEhy95Zd_PxoMjGN1RABn6V4WMxlV5bip5xK0PdSgyvZtZ07rgtsRr8bp38FX1WdQRm2l5Tl3pxdz4LlCFLWC4k.9EAflAp9cHv5BzjzrvXvzndExBtdSxA_P4q3H2gWFLHzQBb0LwpM6e6Ncde66wzM07nGU8ZW.XDcRAx4v5hU6EeecAWRNk66pkvDUbuIHxwT5DMJNsJeke1xGEBhKsBcvCu0AMn98Q2t.iIJ7Q5sVmubaKkWmdtpRWEktSuIS7H7_y9q71EPY6pDN41rzWfcm.0zOTWVjSbpRCnQsRFbzc_aEA8P.nBdiwpeck9NCDc4X8yV0kdNbewvqk4IQTVePg8fWpQ_aqi0JJa.KR_zmuRtucQUJxHiqiPc46Hx3Jnrkde6C8z4rFhPzWe2vVO2V9tlvaPoNLV.nMzSasUnixq_Ca0hJL157PtfNRlnmXfdP88no3EarRqKnlWMYyRPigqXimvjunZ1kXZ1Aa_EZxZ7ZGJQHXXoZ2UYgZIMFvIQ",mdrd: "kJD9q6FaOKQmQjpU2bCeqa5aG5mK.xmegnxHVGmkfeY-1741320212-1.2.1.1-K7bHYk3G_y.It3lZoIEck7HGDnM4cgHlslGyrTsJgsOplFSC0Np3FTPGEnQ_HU7SRgUh3dg0aY7rR1wZlkort6yunG0d1qo0sr3ucObqS_vkZZi02KGnr_Wh9PVCZM3rfS0jilG3w8hObjShhO_5kA7JYYqaoRDBWOaqHZOzF3D6GsuhfzoxN6NuLn8LQD8dfKNXzeWRGQ.pTeuttLtaAlOa9v3mkq.ZWuHUt3kLaCCKXum1MR5RRGXm_omAtTU7_KEg.p6TUwUkP0OtDmT3o.lTMQz6oUeOyI9uRCNJixY8w.0ZMeW4XkYmfsThxWxygB2ofhilsi7UKCn1oFJEW9QNeAR9rRoBdBG3mtlpVBeNAbbMWZWsUB8orBAx1dllWndXnutzGCv26UsWpYYZfrnZD8WstMvK_O4BpcBY8yKiH5k.AhTL.TpD3.EjLb1lNEfDFrHwBoKAky7N2QcovtSIXPM.7AtVWFoa3awzBnHLoCCkjeaaQwnBBeZPbCFKGMLNxctX995Q7TVmfBxM25VoDurzpef4dX89gyJR4rEzjResclok5rtI8kmvSzIS2BBpKxW4Op.jpbxg8NbY.9TiYEJHchD0NBWLFm5nObv05MZmTuLbxO1XFI8_EXbCH94XNZz1HBu2KUaRhsSUWWlA_d9KMUbI5xTeLMvyHXQfxyrbB_ZYrjX98PfxoWP9npUZhnoIcEcgv0Y7B6f0ZN6aGPn0RqwmfFlSwboaWJ1t9Fv.ln8zfiiyK_2A2Ev4F_UG9g4EzVwodnjOTtXhmIVZsNoKIyHyMAoVfO9F5FByIvD2V4eRpW9sSwqvqBXsArw4uIbI3aOwR0UarI2ZIoxv26BjFCzdN4qc4TO2y2e36izKDSIQncL_ThP8H_J9IgVJcCAW5Hdxkij.M1NgghSAdA3TvLrTbXlV99JT1I3fs6yxIbYww5g0E2fI_WWJ9.n4aGXmz6cm2cESWb7qXSpNJ9qt8dswK2HsGRLm9oSNcfcRYiPwdEwODtr4vbCHHAcqtzfJ8ddz3iu85DP0FMFF0VlEPiKMqfE.jGN5vvqDwO_FGsO4oyKZmTRUIqR4qbcIdHWUFc1mkcmZ7LJoFX3EVLzsLKFKmthTNV2AFz2r1hwZA8SGieDoS62OvcTKyN8klm8y9uoYwEuEtqh7e0PabhOfgGezI.6W8NnhRybQGNKQYjIU_fK2jOAwmb9PIT0i9TI6D.I1AzdKgAT8sOUXea5bFqk_HFe_W6dMJIKLPbnrrdiWGZJxmDNhrVWIWLI5iA3lh7FqwZhsZzaDfOS7ccLldc5SVqLT209pFdIVNLwI9jiGiijW0nmrR8YDam0MnWBQsxHnfVef3uJuZEtzB67o4_PPu9Ome3XOJyiYCuImslNtRkNnz6SKSuwlWI4WEsPvvATOSVET5IaRTFhasZOcp4utsor7r_HRv6SwpI9Hre.LwoHmnw4CYWrI71H33bSg9lSNHthMHSsiMs_bPjFFMA5u88xynzQGcLdXWhaHTLeXxF8cJnCqHiU8kbOUpX.tCLmd4O9TQdCZfzqWRc4IuVEGIYayyFW3_HLd4RH6GdysvmX4d.lrU9h06G.9oeLEP4Cuav9DAh.RsXaDpRrSKEyJhDT9PacqW8DOkKCvuQMkjoTts6VrEj4ZAhhbZkmNoziWqYLy7_PLo4IoNXjaXAeao8MVOEs.r2AmG2R5gxZUEvOQEiBwzCFAOSh.5ce8mJNWWHDUU22DELT9a3.3RWLhibh_Hsbti6lzOk0TOKz5YJzg.YpN5a0KNDKYXVeWwYxQptkdfy4goZrkxrDwzOOmf9Il55gBqItroMMAKp2LeJ61NaCUBb90dc5hVnzTGyXXhhOmWdeF.jgK8j62oghSxws8uW9A7xAkLPoVkY9Sr8PwXpMxOBMNIhZK_JoU3XSIgKPT9TVcpLoREvl2BWDttptze0S9dA0"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c7341cff7681f2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=writing%20ability&__cf_chl_rt_tk=sr0lhuh6vNwyQg7NkDK75N8th3jSddxbQ158mLUEfKo-1741320212-1.0.1.1-nReJzSq9PlO4DxkYoPSFl19XxySxev6ItNGPg5I1agA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>