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id="toc-Compliance_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compliance_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Compliance Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compliance_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pollutant_Release_Protocol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollutant_Release_Protocol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Pollutant Release Protocol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollutant_Release_Protocol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetically_Modificed_Organisms_amendment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetically_Modificed_Organisms_amendment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Genetically Modificed Organisms amendment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetically_Modificed_Organisms_amendment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception,_influence_and_implementation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception,_influence_and_implementation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reception, influence and implementation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception,_influence_and_implementation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aarhus Convention</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B3" title="اتفاقية آرهوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتفاقية آرهوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhus_konvensiyas%C4%B1" title="Orhus konvensiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orhus konvensiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Орхуская канвенцыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Орхуская канвенцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbensyon_sa_Aarhus" title="Kumbensyon sa Aarhus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kumbensyon sa Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveni_d%27Aarhus" title="Conveni d'Aarhus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Conveni d'Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhusk%C3%A1_%C3%BAmluva" title="Aarhuská úmluva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aarhuská úmluva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confensiwn_Aarhus" title="Confensiwn Aarhus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Confensiwn Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus_Convention" title="Aarhus Convention – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Aarhus Convention" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85rhuskonventionen" title="Århuskonventionen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Århuskonventionen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus-Konvention" title="Aarhus-Konvention – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aarhus-Konvention" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhusi_konventsioon" title="Aarhusi konventsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aarhusi konventsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenio_de_Aarhus" title="Convenio de Aarhus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Convenio de Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhuseko_Hitzarmena" title="Aarhuseko Hitzarmena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aarhuseko Hitzarmena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_d%27Aarhus" title="Convention d'Aarhus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Convention d'Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenci%C3%B3n_de_Aarhus" title="Convención de Aarhus – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Convención de Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%9B%84%EC%8A%A4_%ED%98%91%EC%95%BD" title="오르후스 협약 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오르후스 협약" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Օրհուսի կոնվենցիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրհուսի կոնվենցիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzuk%E1%BB%8D_Nzuk%E1%BB%8D_nke_Aarhus" title="Nzukọ Nzukọ nke Aarhus – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nzukọ Nzukọ nke Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenzione_di_Aarhus" title="Convenzione di Aarhus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Convenzione di Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ორჰუსის კონვენცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორჰუსის კონვენცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhuso_konvencija" title="Orhuso konvencija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Orhuso konvencija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhusi_egyezm%C3%A9ny" title="Aarhusi egyezmény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aarhusi egyezmény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Архуска конвенција – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Архуска конвенција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ആർഹസ് കൺവെൻഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർഹസ് കൺവെൻഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯑꯥꯔꯍꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯐꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯥꯔꯍꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯐꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdrag_van_Aarhus" title="Verdrag van Aarhus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verdrag van Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%B9%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84" title="オーフス条約 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーフス条約" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85rhuskonvensjonen" title="Århuskonvensjonen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Århuskonvensjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konwencja_z_Aarhus" title="Konwencja z Aarhus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konwencja z Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conven%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Aarhus" title="Convenção Aarhus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Convenção Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conven%C8%9Bia_de_la_Aarhus" title="Convenția de la Aarhus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Convenția de la Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орхусская конвенция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орхусская конвенция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konventa_Aarhus" title="Konventa Aarhus – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Konventa Aarhus" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Архуска конвенција – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Архуска конвенција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85rhusin_sopimus" title="Århusin sopimus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Århusin sopimus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85rhuskonventionen" title="Århuskonventionen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Århuskonventionen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Орхуська конвенція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Орхуська конвенція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q301336#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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Convention</b>, was signed on 25 June 1998 in the Danish city of <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a>. It entered into force on 30 October 2001. As of March 2014, it had 47 parties—46 states and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the ratifying states are in Europe and Central Asia. The EU has begun applying Aarhus-type principles in its legislation, notably the <a href="/wiki/Water_Framework_Directive" title="Water Framework Directive">Water Framework Directive</a> (Directive 2000/60/EC). Liechtenstein and Monaco have signed the convention but have not ratified it. </p><p>The Aarhus Convention grants the public rights regarding access to information, <a href="/wiki/Public_participation" title="Public participation">public participation</a> and access to justice, in governmental decision-making processes on matters concerning the local, national and transboundary environment. It focuses on interactions between the public and public authorities. </p><p>Interpretation of the treaty is bound by the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_the_Law_of_Treaties" title="Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties">Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties</a> and the authoritative languages of the agreement are English, Russian and French.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarhus_Convention&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Aarhus Convention is a multilateral <a href="/wiki/Environmental_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental agreement">environmental agreement</a> through which the opportunities for citizens to access <a href="/wiki/Environmental_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental information">environmental information</a> are increased and transparent and reliable regulation procedure is secured.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a way of enhancing the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_governance" title="Environmental governance">environmental governance</a> network, introducing a reactive and trustworthy relationship between civil society and governments and adding the novelty of a mechanism created to empower the value of <a href="/wiki/Public_participation" title="Public participation">public participation</a> in the decision-making process and guarantee access to justice: a "governance-by-disclosure" that leads a shift toward an environmentally responsible society.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aarhus Convention was drafted by governments, with the highly required participation of <a href="/wiki/NGOs" class="mw-redirect" title="NGOs">NGOs</a>, and is legally binding for all the States who ratified it becoming Parties. Among the latter is included the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EC</a>, who therefore has the task to ensure compliance not only within the member States but also for its institutions, all those bodies who carry out public administrative duties.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each Party has the commitment to promote the principles contained in the convention and to fill out a national report, always embracing a consultative and transparent process<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_features">General features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarhus_Convention&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Aarhus Convention is a rights-based approach: the intent is for the public to have awareness of the procedures for participation in environmental decision-making, have free access to them and know how to use them. </p><p>A distinction is made between "the public", all the civil society's actors, and the "public concerned" precisely, those persons or organisations affected or interested in environmental decision-making (e.g. environmental NGOs).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Public_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Public authority">Public authorities</a>" are the addressees of the convention, namely, governments, international institutions, and privatized bodies that have public responsibilities or act under the control of public bodies. The private sector, for which information disclosure depends on voluntary, non- mandatory practices, and bodies acting in a judicial or legislative capacity, are excluded.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other significant provisions are the "non-discrimination" principle (all the information has to be provided without taking account of the nationality or citizenship of the applicant), the international nature of the convention,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the importance attributed to the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_education" title="Environmental education">environmental education</a> of the public. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Three_Pillars">The Three Pillars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarhus_Convention&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Three Pillars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Access to information: any citizen should have the right to get a wide and easy access to environmental information. Public authorities must provide all the information required and collect and disseminate them and in a timely and transparent manner. They can refuse to do it only under particular situations (such as national defence);<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-right_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-right-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Public participation in decision making: the public must be informed over all the relevant projects and it has to have the chance to participate during the decision-making and legislative process. Decision makers can take advantage from people's knowledge and expertise; this contribution is a strong opportunity to improve the quality of the environmental decisions, outcomes and to guarantee procedural legitimacy<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-right_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-right-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Access to justice: the public has the right to judicial or administrative recourse procedures in case a Party violates or fails to adhere to <a href="/wiki/Environmental_law" title="Environmental law">environmental law</a> and the convention's principles.<sup id="cite_ref-right_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-right-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reflections">Further reflections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarhus_Convention&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reflections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Aarhus convention is a "proceduralisation of the environmental regulation",<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it focuses more on setting and listing procedures rather than establishing standards and specifying outcomes, permitting the parties involved to interpret and implement the convention on the systems and circumstances that characterize their nation. This model embodies a perfect example of a <a href="/wiki/Multi-level_governance" title="Multi-level governance">multi-level governance</a>. </p><p>The risk could lay in a loss of time and resources that could be otherwise invested in defining the outcomes,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> notwithstanding the fact that it renders the convention vague, weak and open to multiple interpretations.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other critiques note the fact that private bodies are excluded from the mandatory procedures (Mason, 2010), and that, moreover, it can also be debated whether the NGOs involved are faithfully representing environmental interests,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ordinary citizens often do not have the financial means to participate effectively and are therefore have no choice but to be represented by these larger organisations. The relative differences between the participants and social groups' resource inequalities also suggests the possibility for irregular and imbalanced <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmental protection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compliance_Committee">Compliance Committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarhus_Convention&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Compliance Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee</b> was established to fulfill the requirement of Article 15 of the convention on review of compliance to establish arrangements for reviewing compliance with the convention.<sup id="cite_ref-ccbackground_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccbackground-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The convention has a unique Compliance Review Mechanism, which can be triggered in four ways: </p> <ol><li>a Party makes a submission concerning its own compliance,</li> <li>a Party makes a submission concerning another Party's compliance,</li> <li>the Convention Secretariat makes a referral to the committee, or</li> <li>a member of the public makes a communication concerning the compliance of a Party.</li></ol> <p>The Compliance mechanism is unique in international environmental law, as it allows members of the public to communicate concerns about a Party's compliance directly to a committee of international legal experts empowered to examine the merits of the case (the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee). Nonetheless, the Compliance Committee cannot issue binding decisions, but rather makes recommendations to the full Meeting of the Parties (MoP). However, in practice, as MoPs occur infrequently, Parties attempt to comply with the recommendations of the Compliance Committee. As of August 2009, 41 communication from the public – many originating with <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a> – and one submission from a Party had been lodged with the convention's Compliance Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pollutant_Release_Protocol">Pollutant Release Protocol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarhus_Convention&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pollutant Release Protocol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>The Kyiv Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers</b> to the Aarhus Convention was adopted at an extraordinary meeting of the Parties on 21 May 2003, in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine. 36 states and the <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a> signed the Protocol. As of July 2023, 38 parties had ratified the Protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-rat_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rat-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kyiv Protocol is the first legally binding international instrument on <a href="/wiki/Pollutant_Release_and_Transfer_Register" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollutant Release and Transfer Register">Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers</a> (PRTRs). PRTRs are inventories of pollution from industrial sites and other sources such as agriculture and transport. The objective of the Protocol is "to enhance public access to information through the establishment of coherent, nationwide pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTRs)." The Protocol places indirect obligations on private enterprises to report annually to their national governments on their releases and transfers of pollutants. </p><p>Parties to the Protocol need not be parties to the convention. The Protocol is in this sense a free-standing, international agreement. The Kyiv Protocol on PRTRs will enter into force 90 days after the sixteenth State ratifies or accedes to the agreement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetically_Modificed_Organisms_amendment">Genetically Modificed Organisms amendment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarhus_Convention&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genetically Modificed Organisms amendment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An amendment to the Aarhus Convention on "Public Participation in Decisions on Deliberate Release into the Environment and Placing on the Market of Genetically Modified Organisms" was adopted at the Second Meeting of the Parties on 27 May 2005, in <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>, Kazakhstan. As of July 2023, it had been ratified by 32 countries; the <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_organism" title="Genetically modified organism">GMO</a> amendment required one further ratification to enter into force.<sup id="cite_ref-rat_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rat-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception,_influence_and_implementation"><span id="Reception.2C_influence_and_implementation"></span>Reception, influence and implementation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarhus_Convention&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reception, influence and implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>United Nations Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> said in 2000, "Although regional in scope, the significance of the Aarhus Convention is global. It is by far the most impressive elaboration of principle 10 of the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Declaration">Rio Declaration</a>, which stresses the need for citizens' participation in environmental issues and for access to information on the environment held by public authorities. As such it is the most ambitious venture in the area of environmental democracy so far undertaken under the auspices of the United Nations."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The influence of the Aarhus Convention extends beyond the environmental field. At the 2nd <a href="/wiki/Internet_Governance_Forum" title="Internet Governance Forum">Internet Governance Forum</a>, held on 12–15 May 2007, in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, the convention was presented as a model of public participation and transparency in the operation of international forums. </p><p>In the United Kingdom, the Convention is implemented through the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Information_Regulations_2004" title="Environmental Information Regulations 2004">Environmental Information Regulations 2004</a>, which implements EU <a href="/wiki/Directive_on_public_access_to_environmental_information" title="Directive on public access to environmental information">Directive 2003/4/EC</a>. Following the UK's departure from the European Union, the Regulations continue to be binding through the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2018" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018">European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018</a>, and the UK is a signatory in its own right. In part due to a decision of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the European Union</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and domestic litigation,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a special costs regime applies in England and Wales when bringing judicial review claims under the Aarhus Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The special costs regime does <i>not</i> apply to statutory claims, and the Court of Appeal has rejected litigation seeking to extend it to such claims.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarhus_Convention&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information_legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of information legislation">Freedom of information legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_monitoring" title="Participatory monitoring">Participatory monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_for_Climate_Empowerment" title="Action for Climate Empowerment">Action for Climate Empowerment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarhus_Convention&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=XXVII-13&chapter=27&clang=_en">"United Nations Treaty Collection"</a>. United Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DIND%26mtdsg_no%3DXXVII-13%26chapter%3D27%26clang%3D_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanner2015" class="citation book cs1">Banner, Charles, ed. (28 May 2015). <i>The Aarhus Convention: A Guide for UK Lawyers</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78225-415-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78225-415-7"><bdi>978-1-78225-415-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL51727173M">51727173M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aarhus+Convention%3A+A+Guide+for+UK+Lawyers&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL51727173M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-1-78225-415-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAarti2008" class="citation journal cs1">Aarti, Gupta (2008). "Transparency under scrutiny: Information disclosure in Global Environmental Governance". <i>Global Environmental Politics</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 1–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Fglep.2008.8.2.1">10.1162/glep.2008.8.2.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53999669">53999669</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Environmental+Politics&rft.atitle=Transparency+under+scrutiny%3A+Information+disclosure+in+Global+Environmental+Governance&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-7&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2Fglep.2008.8.2.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53999669%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Aarti&rft.aufirst=Gupta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodenhoff2003" class="citation journal cs1">Rodenhoff, Vera (2003). "The Aarhus convention and its implications for the 'Institutions' of the European Community". <i>Review of European Community and International Environmental Law</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 343–357. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9388.00332">10.1111/1467-9388.00332</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+European+Community+and+International+Environmental+Law&rft.atitle=The+Aarhus+convention+and+its+implications+for+the+%27Institutions%27+of+the+European+Community&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=343-357&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-9388.00332&rft.aulast=Rodenhoff&rft.aufirst=Vera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aarti, 2008, p.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodehoff, 2003, p.350</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKravchenko2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kravchenko, S (2007). "The Aarhus convention and innovations in compliance with multilateral environmental law and Policy". <i>Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 1–50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colorado+Journal+of+International+Environmental+Law+and+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Aarhus+convention+and+innovations+in+compliance+with+multilateral+environmental+law+and+Policy&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-50&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kravchenko&rft.aufirst=S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2010" class="citation journal cs1">Mason, M (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/29135/1/information%20disclosure%20and%20environmental%20rights%20%28LSERO%29.pdf">"Information disclosure and environmental rights: The Aarhus Convention"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Global Environmental Politics</i>. <b>10</b> (3): 10–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Fglep_a_00012">10.1162/glep_a_00012</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57566114">57566114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Environmental+Politics&rft.atitle=Information+disclosure+and+environmental+rights%3A+The+Aarhus+Convention&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=10-31&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2Fglep_a_00012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57566114%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.lse.ac.uk%2F29135%2F1%2Finformation%2520disclosure%2520and%2520environmental%2520rights%2520%2528LSERO%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodenhoff, 2003, p. 345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWates2005" class="citation journal cs1">Wates, S (2005). "The Aarhus convention: a driving force for environmental democracy". <i>Journal for European Environmental and Planning Law</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 1–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F187601005X00561">10.1163/187601005X00561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+European+Environmental+and+Planning+Law&rft.atitle=The+Aarhus+convention%3A+a+driving+force+for+environmental+democracy&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-11&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F187601005X00561&rft.aulast=Wates&rft.aufirst=S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargera2005" class="citation journal cs1">Margera, E (2005). "An Update on the Aarhus Convention and its continued global relevance". <i>Review of European Community and International Environmental Law</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 138–147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9388.2005.00434.x">10.1111/j.1467-9388.2005.00434.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+European+Community+and+International+Environmental+Law&rft.atitle=An+Update+on+the+Aarhus+Convention+and+its+continued+global+relevance&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=138-147&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9388.2005.00434.x&rft.aulast=Margera&rft.aufirst=E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodenhoff, 2003, p.345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-right-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-right_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-right_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-right_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/582417?ln=en"><i>Your right to a healthy environment: a simplified guide to the Aarhus convention on access to information, public participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters</i></a>. New York, Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE); United Nations Environment Programme. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9211169437" title="Special:BookSources/9211169437"><bdi>9211169437</bdi></a>. [E/]ECE/MP.PP/5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Your+right+to+a+healthy+environment%3A+a+simplified+guide+to+the+Aarhus+convention+on+access+to+information%2C+public+participation+in+decision+making+and+access+to+justice+in+environmental+matters&rft.place=New+York%2C+Geneva&rft.pub=United+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Europe+%28UNECE%29%3B+United+Nations+Environment+Programme&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9211169437&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitallibrary.un.org%2Frecord%2F582417%3Fln%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span> With link to PDF download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodenhoff, 2003, p.346</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodehoff, 2003, p.348</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aarti, 2008, p.3-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeAbbot,_C.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, M; Abbot, C. (2003). "The usual suspects? Public participation under the Aarhus convention". <i>The Modern Law Review</i>. <b>66</b> (1): 80–108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-2230.6601004">10.1111/1468-2230.6601004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+usual+suspects%3F+Public+participation+under+the+Aarhus+convention&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=80-108&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-2230.6601004&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Abbot%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aarti, 2008, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee, M.; Abbot, C., 2003, p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2004" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Derek R. (2004). "5. Sustainability through democratisation? The Aarhus convention and the future of environmental decision-making". In Barry, John; Baxter, Brian; Dunphy, Richard (eds.). <i>Europe, Globalization and Sustainable Development</i>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30276-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30276-0"><bdi>978-0-415-30276-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5.+Sustainability+through+democratisation%3F+The+Aarhus+convention+and+the+future+of+environmental+decision-making&rft.btitle=Europe%2C+Globalization+and+Sustainable+Development&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-30276-0&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Derek+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee, M.; Abbot, C., 2003, p.89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bell, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ccbackground-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ccbackground_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unece.org/env/pp/cc/background">"Background"</a>. UNECE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background&rft.pub=UNECE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funece.org%2Fenv%2Fpp%2Fcc%2Fbackground&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unece.org/env/pp/cc/communications-from-the-public">"Communications from the public"</a>. UNECE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communications+from+the+public&rft.pub=UNECE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funece.org%2Fenv%2Fpp%2Fcc%2Fcommunications-from-the-public&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span> Updated as required.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rat-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rat_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rat_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unece.org/environment-policy/public-participation/aarhus-convention/status-ratification">"Status of ratification"</a>. UNECE. 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Status+of+ratification&rft.pub=UNECE&rft.date=2023-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funece.org%2Fenvironment-policy%2Fpublic-participation%2Faarhus-convention%2Fstatus-ratification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span> Updated as required.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnan2000" class="citation report cs1">Annan, Kofi A. (2000). "Foreword". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/implementation%20guide/english/part1.pdf">The Aarhus Convention: an implementation guide</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). United Nations, Economic Commission for Europe. p. v. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-1-116745-0" title="Special:BookSources/92-1-116745-0"><bdi>92-1-116745-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Aarhus+Convention%3A+an+implementation+guide&rft.pages=v&rft.pub=United+Nations%2C+Economic+Commission+for+Europe&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=92-1-116745-0&rft.aulast=Annan&rft.aufirst=Kofi+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funece.org%2Ffileadmin%2FDAM%2Fenv%2Fpp%2Fimplementation%2520guide%2Fenglish%2Fpart1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Commission v United Kingdom</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailii.org/eu/cases/EUECJ/2014/C53011.html">[2014] EUECJ C-530/11</a>, Case C-530/11, [2014] 3 WLR 853, [2014] Env LR D2, [2014] WLR(D) 69, [2014] 3 CMLR 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>R (on the application of Edwards) v Environment Agency</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKSC/2013/78.html">[2013] UKSC 78</a>, [2014] 1 WLR 55, [2014] 1 All ER 760, [2014] 2 CMLR 25, [2014] 3 Costs LO 319, [2014] Env LR 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/civil/rules/part-46-costs-special-cases">"Civil Procedure Rules: Part 46 – Costs - Special Cases"</a>. <i>Ministry of Justice</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Justice&rft.atitle=Civil+Procedure+Rules%3A+Part+46+%E2%80%93+Costs+-+Special+Cases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov.uk%2Fcourts%2Fprocedure-rules%2Fcivil%2Frules%2Fpart-46-costs-special-cases&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government v Venn</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2014/1539.html">[2014] EWCA Civ 1539</a>, [2015] WLR 2328, [2015] Env LR 14, [2015] JPL 573, [2014] WLR(D) 513, [2015] 1 CMLR 52, [2015] CP Rep 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuddie2015" class="citation book cs1">Ruddie, Brian KA (28 May 2015). "The Aarhus Convention in England and Wales". In Banner, Charles (ed.). <i>The Aarhus Convention: A Guide for UK Lawyers</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 31–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78225-415-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78225-415-7"><bdi>978-1-78225-415-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL51727173M">51727173M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Aarhus+Convention+in+England+and+Wales&rft.btitle=The+Aarhus+Convention%3A+A+Guide+for+UK+Lawyers&rft.pages=31-37&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL51727173M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-1-78225-415-7&rft.aulast=Ruddie&rft.aufirst=Brian+KA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAarhus+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarhus_Convention&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unece.org/env/pp/welcome.html">UNECE Aarhus Convention website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aarhusclearinghouse.unece.org/">UNECE Aarhus Convention Clearinghouse website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rac.org.ua/fileadmin/user_upload/publications/CL3_en_web.pdf">Case Law of the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (2004–2008)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rac.org.ua/en/activities/publications/cc-case-law-2nd/">2nd Edition of the Case Law of the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (2004–2011)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greensalvation.org/uploads/Publish/Prilojenie.pdf">For the Second Meeting of the Parties to the Aarhus Convention. 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226061426/http://www.greensalvation.org/uploads/Publish/Prilojenie.pdf">Archived</a> 26 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greensalvation.org/uploads/Publish/3thmeeting27052008.pdf">For the Third Meeting of the Parties to the Aarhus Convention. 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404234601/http://www.greensalvation.org/uploads/Publish/3thmeeting27052008.pdf">Archived</a> 4 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esgrs.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%97%D0%A1-%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4-2011.pdf">For the Fourth Meeting of the Parties to the Aarhus Convention. 2011</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esgrs.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%97%D0%A1-%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%815-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB.pdf">For the Fifth Meeting of the Parties to the Aarhus Convention. 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085549/http://www.a4id.org/sites/default/files/user/Aarhus%20Convention_0.pdf">The Aarhus Convention: A Legal Guide</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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