CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//img.lemde.fr"> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Medium-Web.ac7bf37b26f16e97.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.133dea79c01db68e.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/fonts/variables/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB-LeMonde.b353d5d190089f96.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <script>var lmd = {"consent":{"version":1},"context":{"aec":false,"urlPrefix":"\/en","staled":true,"pageType":"rubrique"},"user":false,"lang":"en","hosts":{"abo":"abo.lemonde.fr","lemonde":"www.lemonde.fr","sf_secure":"secure.lemonde.fr","forecast":"forecast.lemonde.fr"},"env":"prd","analytics":{"oneNext":{"id":"244044216595"},"fba":{"id":"122349388153507","idCommunication":"607705069438811","contentType":"confidentialite"},"amplitude":{"id":"7dec6d6e90d5288af6e9a882f8def199","arvatoSelectionCode":"false"},"chartbeat":{"domain":"en.lemonde.fr"},"smart_tag":{"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/bucket\/resources\/english\/ca618854ca95a48e.b0d32c81b778964dfeafdda3ac193744ce59e1e0.43260.js","pixelPath":"\/b0d32c81b778964dfeafdda3ac193744ce59e1e0","customObject":[]},"piano":{"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/bucket\/resources\/english\/03ea4fa719e85114.b0d32c81b778964dfeafdda3ac193744ce59e1e0.pa.js","pixelPath":"b0d32c81b778964dfeafdda3ac193744ce59e1e0","properties":{"site_level2":"","page_chapter1":"services_aux_internautes","page_chapter2":"","page_chapter3":"rubrique","page":"services_aux_internautes","type_de_page":"rubrique","population":"Free","producteur":"edito"}}},"features":{"capping":false},"batch":{"smallIcon":"\/bucket\/resources\/front\/static\/img\/logos\/pwa-96-transparent.png","defaultIcon":"\/bucket\/resources\/front\/static\/img\/logos\/pwa-192.png"},"metas":{"canonicalUrl":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/privacy-policy\/"},"requests":{"_url":"\/en\/privacy-policy\/","_staled_":""},"current_date":"2025-02-18T01:07:48+01:00"}; lmd.device = "desktop"; </script> <script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";var e;(function(e){e.exports=function(){for(var e,t="__tcfapiLocator",a=[],r=window;r;){try{if(r.frames[t]){e=r;break}}catch(e){}if(r===window.top)break;r=r.parent}e||(function e(){var a=r.document,n=!!r.frames[t];if(!n)if(a.body){var s=a.createElement("iframe");s.style.cssText="display:none",s.name=t,a.body.appendChild(s)}else setTimeout(e,5);return!n}(),r.__tcfapi=function(){for(var e,t=arguments.length,r=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)r[n]=arguments[n];if(!r.length)return a;if("setGdprApplies"===r[0])r.length>3&&2===parseInt(r[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof r[3]&&(e=r[3],"function"==typeof r[2]&&r[2]("set",!0));else if("ping"===r[0]){var s={gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"};"function"==typeof r[2]&&r[2](s)}else a.push(r)},r.addEventListener("message",(function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data,a={};try{a=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){}var r=a.__tcfapiCall;r&&window.__tcfapi(r.command,r.version,(function(a,n){var s={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:a,success:n,callId:r.callId}};t&&(s=JSON.stringify(s)),e&&e.source&&e.source.postMessage&&e.source.postMessage(s,"*")}),r.parameter)}),!1))}}(e={exports:{}},e.exports),e.exports)()}();</script> <script type="text/javascript">var GDPR_CONFIG = {"displayMode":"standard","usePiano":true,"usePianoAsyncCommands":true,"pianoIdData":{"siteIdKey":"lmd_site_id","siteIdValue":"43260"}};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cmp.lemonde.fr/js/lemonde-en.min.js" async="1" onerror="(function(){window.cmpLoadFailed=true;document.dispatchEvent(new Event('gdprCmpLoadFailed'));})()"></script> <script> if(typeof Promise === 'undefined' || (sessionStorage.fontsFirst && sessionStorage.fontsLast && 'fonts' in document)) { document.documentElement.classList.add('fonts-loaded'); } </script> <style type="text/css">@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:The Antiqua B;font-stretch:25% 150%;font-style:normal;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/variables/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB-LeMonde.b353d5d190089f96.woff2) format("woff2-variations"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/variables/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB-LeMonde.b353d5d190089f96.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:The Antiqua B standard;font-style:normal;font-weight:800;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.aa422a41ddcabe4b.eot);src:local("TheAntiquaB_LT_800"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.aa422a41ddcabe4b.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.a5e223e59d84d843.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.ae7988b2d6c42dc2.woff) format("woff"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.f1b6a43f72ebe70d.svg#TheAntiquaB_LT_800) format("svg")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Marr Sans Condensed;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.54afa03f9c5947cd.eot);src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.54afa03f9c5947cd.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.133dea79c01db68e.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.3a8ed51cac63c624.woff) format("woff")}.weight--hairline{font-weight:100}.weight--thin{font-weight:200}.weight--light{font-weight:300}.weight--normal{font-weight:400}.weight--medium{font-weight:500}.weight--semibold{font-weight:600}.weight--bold{font-weight:700}.weight--extrabold{font-weight:800}.weight--black{font-weight:900}[data-af-custom-fonts=af-creatives-text]{font-family:Marr Sans,sans-serif!important} </style> <script>(()=>{var e={9910:e=>{!function(){function t(e,t){document.addEventListener?e.addEventListener("scroll",t,!1):e.attachEvent("scroll",t)}function n(e){this.g=document.createElement("div"),this.g.setAttribute("aria-hidden","true"),this.g.appendChild(document.createTextNode(e)),this.h=document.createElement("span"),this.i=document.createElement("span"),this.m=document.createElement("span"),this.j=document.createElement("span"),this.l=-1,this.h.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;",this.i.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;",this.j.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;",this.m.style.cssText="display:inline-block;width:200%;height:200%;font-size:16px;max-width:none;",this.h.appendChild(this.m),this.i.appendChild(this.j),this.g.appendChild(this.h),this.g.appendChild(this.i)}function i(e,t){e.g.style.cssText="max-width:none;min-width:20px;min-height:20px;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:auto;margin:0;padding:0;top:-999px;white-space:nowrap;font-synthesis:none;font:"+t+";"}function o(e){var t=e.g.offsetWidth,n=t+100;return e.j.style.width=n+"px",e.i.scrollLeft=n,e.h.scrollLeft=e.h.scrollWidth+100,e.l!==t&&(e.l=t,!0)}function s(e,n){function i(){var e=s;o(e)&&null!==e.g.parentNode&&n(e.l)}var s=e;t(e.h,i),t(e.i,i),o(e)}function a(e,t,n){t=t||{},n=n||window,this.family=e,this.style=t.style||"normal",this.weight=t.weight||"normal",this.stretch=t.stretch||"normal",this.context=n}var r=null,d=null,l=null,c=null;function h(e){return null===c&&(c=!!e.document.fonts),c}function u(e,t){var n=e.style,i=e.weight;if(null===l){var o=document.createElement("div");try{o.style.font="condensed 100px sans-serif"}catch(e){}l=""!==o.style.font}return[n,i,l?e.stretch:"","100px",t].join(" ")}a.prototype.load=function(e,t){var o=this,a=e||"BESbswy",l=0,c=t||3e3,f=(new Date).getTime();return new Promise((function(e,t){if(h(o.context)&&!function(e){return null===d&&(h(e)&&/Apple/.test(window.navigator.vendor)?(e=/AppleWebKit\/([0-9]+)(?:\.([0-9]+))(?:\.([0-9]+))/.exec(window.navigator.userAgent),d=!!e&&603>parseInt(e[1],10)):d=!1),d}(o.context)){var m=new Promise((function(e,t){!function n(){(new Date).getTime()-f>=c?t(Error(c+"ms timeout exceeded")):o.context.document.fonts.load(u(o,'"'+o.family+'"'),a).then((function(t){1<=t.length?e():setTimeout(n,25)}),t)}()})),p=new Promise((function(e,t){l=setTimeout((function(){t(Error(c+"ms timeout exceeded"))}),c)}));Promise.race([p,m]).then((function(){clearTimeout(l),e(o)}),t)}else!function(e){document.body?e():document.addEventListener?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",(function t(){document.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t),e()})):document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",(function t(){"interactive"!=document.readyState&&"complete"!=document.readyState||(document.detachEvent("onreadystatechange",t),e())}))}((function(){function d(){var t;(t=-1!=w&&-1!=g||-1!=w&&-1!=v||-1!=g&&-1!=v)&&((t=w!=g&&w!=v&&g!=v)||(null===r&&(t=/AppleWebKit\/([0-9]+)(?:\.([0-9]+))/.exec(window.navigator.userAgent),r=!!t&&(536>parseInt(t[1],10)||536===parseInt(t[1],10)&&11>=parseInt(t[2],10))),t=r&&(w==x&&g==x&&v==x||w==y&&g==y&&v==y||w==E&&g==E&&v==E)),t=!t),t&&(null!==T.parentNode&&T.parentNode.removeChild(T),clearTimeout(l),e(o))}var h=new n(a),m=new n(a),p=new n(a),w=-1,g=-1,v=-1,x=-1,y=-1,E=-1,T=document.createElement("div");T.dir="ltr",i(h,u(o,"sans-serif")),i(m,u(o,"serif")),i(p,u(o,"monospace")),T.appendChild(h.g),T.appendChild(m.g),T.appendChild(p.g),o.context.document.body.appendChild(T),x=h.g.offsetWidth,y=m.g.offsetWidth,E=p.g.offsetWidth,function e(){if((new Date).getTime()-f>=c)null!==T.parentNode&&T.parentNode.removeChild(T),t(Error(c+"ms timeout exceeded"));else{var n=o.context.document.hidden;!0!==n&&void 0!==n||(w=h.g.offsetWidth,g=m.g.offsetWidth,v=p.g.offsetWidth,d()),l=setTimeout(e,50)}}(),s(h,(function(e){w=e,d()})),i(h,u(o,'"'+o.family+'",sans-serif')),s(m,(function(e){g=e,d()})),i(m,u(o,'"'+o.family+'",serif')),s(p,(function(e){v=e,d()})),i(p,u(o,'"'+o.family+'",monospace'))}))}))},e.exports=a}()}},t={};function n(i){var o=t[i];if(void 0!==o)return o.exports;var s=t[i]={exports:{}};return e[i](s,s.exports,n),s.exports}n.n=e=>{var t=e&&e.__esModule?()=>e.default:()=>e;return n.d(t,{a:t}),t},n.d=(e,t)=>{for(var i in t)n.o(t,i)&&!n.o(e,i)&&Object.defineProperty(e,i,{enumerable:!0,get:t[i]})},n.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),(()=>{"use strict";var e=n(9910),t=n.n(e);const i=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{weight:500}),o=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{style:"italic",weight:500}),s=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{weight:700}),a=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{style:"italic",weight:700}),r=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{weight:800}),d=new(t())("Marr Sans",{weight:400}),l=new(t())("Marr Sans",{weight:500}),c=new(t())("Marr Sans",{weight:600}),h=new(t())("Marr Sans Condensed",{weight:500}),u=new(t())("Marr Sans Condensed",{weight:600}),f=new(t())("Marr Sans Condensed",{weight:700});"undefined"==typeof Promise||sessionStorage.fontsFirst&&sessionStorage.fontsLast||Promise.all([r.load(),h.load()]).then((()=>{sessionStorage.fontsFirst=!0,document.documentElement.classList.add("fonts-loaded"),Promise.all([c.load(),u.load(),f.load(),d.load(),l.load(),i.load(),o.load(),s.load(),a.load()]).then((()=>{sessionStorage.fontsLast=!0}))}))})()})();</script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/article.49637d6b1ef8ceb4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/icons.7c71116ac638a3b8.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/icons.7c71116ac638a3b8.css"></noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/fonts_last.a5b681a9b8ce60da.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/fonts_last.a5b681a9b8ce60da.css"></noscript> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive"> <meta name="robots" content="max-video-preview:3"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="upgrade-insecure-requests"> <title>Privacy Policy - Personal Data and Cookies</title> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Le Monde.fr"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Privacy Policy - Personal Data and Cookies"> <meta property="og:description" content="This Privacy Policy informs you of the way in which we collect and process your personal data. We invite you to read it carefully."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/privacy-policy/"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://asset.lemde.fr/medias/img/social-network/default.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1880"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="984"/> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"/> <meta property="og:article:section" content="Privacy Policy"/> <meta property="og:article:content_tier" content="free"/> <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2022-03-21T14:11:56+00:00"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@LeMonde_EN"> <meta property="twitter:url" content="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/privacy-policy/"> <meta property="twitter:title" content="Privacy Policy - Personal Data and Cookies"> <meta property="twitter:description" content="This Privacy Policy informs you of the way in which we collect and process your personal data. We invite you to read it carefully."> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://asset.lemde.fr/medias/img/social-network/default.png"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="166878320861"> <meta property="fb:page_id" content="14892757589"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/privacy-policy/"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/img/logos/favicon.e92b44c2b7f5c147.ico"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="/bucket/resources/front/static/img/logos/pwa-180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="/bucket/resources/front/static/img/logos/pwa-180.png"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/privacy-policy/rss_full.xml" title="Le Monde.fr : Privacy Policy"> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="ads" data-gdpr-inline>// Ads by Google !function(C,O,U,R,I,E,T){ var q = (a) => {a = a || O; return C.createElement(a)}, t = (a) => {U[E] = {};U[E].a = a}, p = (u, e) => { var a = q(), b = C.querySelector(O); a.src = R + u; if (e) { a.onerror = () => t(T);a.onload = () => t(!T) }; b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b) }, d = () => { try { if (U[E].a) p(I + "/cidbmp/adv.js"); else { if (Math.random()>0.1) return; var a = q("img"); a.style = "display:none!important;"; a.src = R + I + "/dbabp/noa" + E + "?clientWidth=" + U.innerWidth + "&network=mpub&sa=10"; C.body.appendChild(a); } } catch (e) { setTimeout(d, 100); } }; p("pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9945624415527048", T); d(); }(document, "script", window, "https://", "storage.googleapis.com", "dblock", !0); </script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/vendor.3aee036b216e2a97.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/batch_load.7e7c6e51a1c07e71.js" async="1"></script> <script async id="ebx" src="//applets.ebxcdn.com/ebx.js"></script> <link href="https://mastodon.social/@lemonde" rel="me"> <script id="__EDGEE_DATA_LAYER__" type="application/json"> { "data_collection": { "events": [ { "type": "page", "data": {}, "components": { "all": false } } ] } } </script> <script>(function(){(function(){if(typeof window.Event!="function"){var e=function(t,r){r=r||{bubbles:!1,cancelable:!1};var o=document.createEvent("Event");return o.initEvent(t,r.bubbles,r.cancelable),o};e.prototype=window.Event.prototype,window.Event=e}})();var M={h:"/_edgee/unsafe",p:"/T1AcLekj5rWuAxt8u2-eYuo0NureqfcucuC0koD1R16cU8fm2wlO5sMGYVULQ7LHRcaCH9JFFitXYSAzCxs9b1AWU2u7n7UnO8.V.7IfnF_T.JLNNxRXB0j7.qKmvjjuiHzMv1sTOBIjCpV7_9mHibS0a1RUaOZ6-mIiYCwVL7xnWLwSHUX93hVRSXjcK",s:"c",t:!1,methods:["user","track","page","consent"]},u=M;function v(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function z(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return v(e)}function $(e){if(typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]!=null||e["@@iterator"]!=null)return Array.from(e)}function G(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function g(e){return z(e)||$(e)||H(e)||G()}function H(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return v(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return v(e,n)}}function b(){var e={},n=window.location.search;if(!n||n.charAt(0)!=="?"||n.length<=1)return e;for(var t=n.slice(1),r=t.split("&"),o=0;o<r.length;o++){var a=r[o].split("="),i=decodeURIComponent(a[0]),c=a.length>1?decodeURIComponent(a[1]):"";e[i]||(e[i]=c)}return e}var y=function(){var e=b()._edgeedebug;if(e!==null){if(e==="true")return document.cookie="_edgeedebug=true; path=/",!0;if(e==="false")return document.cookie="_edgeedebug=false; path=/",!1}return document.cookie.indexOf("_edgeedebug=true")!==-1},p=function(){for(var e=arguments.length,n=new Array(e),t=0;t<e;t++)n[t]=arguments[t];if(console&&typeof console.log=="function"&&y()){var r;(r=console).log.apply(r,g(["%cEDGEE","display: inline-block; color: #61d2a3; background: #231A26; padding: 1px 4px; border-radius: 3px;"].concat(g(n))))}},d=function(){for(var e=arguments.length,n=new Array(e),t=0;t<e;t++)n[t]=arguments[t];if(console&&typeof console.error=="function"&&y()){var r;(r=console).error.apply(r,g(["%cEDGEE","display: inline-block; color: #CB134A; background: #231A26; padding: 1px 4px; border-radius: 3px;"].concat(g(n))))}};function J(e){var n=u.p;u.t&&typeof localStorage!="undefined"&&(localStorage.getItem("_edgee")&&(n=n+"?e="+localStorage.getItem("_edgee")),localStorage.getItem("_edgee_u")&&(n=n+"&u="+localStorage.getItem("_edgee_u")));var t=JSON.stringify(e),r={"Content-Type":"application/json"};if(y()&&(r["Edgee-Debug"]="1"),u.h!=="y")if(typeof window.fetch=="function")fetch(n,{method:"POST",headers:r,body:t}).then(function(i){return i.ok?i.json():(d("Failed to send event to "+u.p+": "+i.status),[])}).then(function(i){return x(i)}).catch(function(i){return d("Failed to send event to "+u.p+": "+i)});else{var o=new XMLHttpRequest;o.open("POST",n,!0);for(var a in r)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,a)&&o.setRequestHeader(a,r[a]);o.onreadystatechange=function(){if(o.readyState===4){if(o.status!==200&&o.status!==204)d("Failed to send event to "+u.p+": "+o.status);else if(o.status===200)try{var i=JSON.parse(o.responseText);x(i)}catch(c){d("Failed to parse response: "+c)}}},o.onerror=function(){d("Failed to send event to "+u.p+": "+o.statusText)},o.send(t)}}function x(e){var n=e;if(u.t&&typeof localStorage!="undefined"&&(e.e&&localStorage.setItem("_edgee",e.e),e.u&&localStorage.setItem("_edgee_u",e.u),e.events&&(n=e.events)),n.length>0)for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++)p("\u25CB "+n[t].type+" event (client):",n[t])}var s=J;function _(e){N(function(n){var t=n!==null?JSON.parse(n.textContent):{};t.data_collection=t.data_collection||{},t.data_collection.context=t.data_collection.context||{},t.data_collection.events=t.data_collection.events||[],t.data_collection.context.client=t.data_collection.context.client||{};var r=Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone;r&&(t.data_collection.context.client.timezone=r);var o=window.screen?window.screen.width:0,a=window.screen?window.screen.height:0;o&&a&&(t.data_collection.context.client.screen_width=o,t.data_collection.context.client.screen_height=a);var i=window.devicePixelRatio;i&&(t.data_collection.context.client.screen_density=i);var c=b();t.data_collection.context.campaign=t.data_collection.context.campaign||{},c.utm_campaign&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.name=c.utm_campaign),c.utm_source&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.source=c.utm_source),c.utm_medium&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.medium=c.utm_medium),c.utm_term&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.term=c.utm_term),c.utm_content&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.content=c.utm_content),c.utm_creative_format&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.creative_format=c.utm_creative_format),c.utm_marketing_tactic&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.marketing_tactic=c.utm_marketing_tactic),Object.keys(t.data_collection.context.campaign).length||delete t.data_collection.context.campaign;var l;document.querySelector('link[rel="canonical"]')&&document.querySelector('link[rel="canonical"]').getAttribute("href")&&(l=document.querySelector('link[rel="canonical"]').getAttribute("href"),l.indexOf("https://")!==0&&l.indexOf("http://")!==0&&l.indexOf("//")!==0&&(l=window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.host+l));var f;if(l){f=l.replace(/^https?:\/\//,"");var U=f.split("/")[0];f=f.replace(U,""),f=f.split("?")[0]}if(t.data_collection.context.page=t.data_collection.context.page||{},t.data_collection.context.page.url||(l?t.data_collection.context.page.url=l:t.data_collection.context.page.url=window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.host+window.location.pathname+window.location.search),t.data_collection.context.page.path||(f?t.data_collection.context.page.path=f:t.data_collection.context.page.path=window.location.pathname),!t.data_collection.context.page.search&&window.location.search!==""&&(t.data_collection.context.page.search=window.location.search),t.data_collection.context.page.title||(t.data_collection.context.page.title=document.title),!t.data_collection.context.page.keywords){var h=document.querySelector('meta[name="keywords"]');if(h){var V=h.getAttribute("content");t.data_collection.context.page.keywords=V.split(",").map(function(m){return m.trim()})}}document.referrer&&(t.data_collection.context.page.referrer=document.referrer),window.navigator.userAgentData&&window.Promise?window.navigator.userAgentData.getHighEntropyValues(["architecture","bitness","model","platformVersion","fullVersionList"]).then(function(m){Object.assign(t.data_collection.context.client,{user_agent_architecture:m.architecture,user_agent_bitness:m.bitness,user_agent_model:m.model,os_version:m.platformVersion,user_agent_full_version_list:m.fullVersionList.map(function(w){return"".concat(w.brand,";").concat(w.version)}).join("|")}),e(t)}).catch(function(){return e(t)}):(t.data_collection.context.client.user_agent=window.navigator.userAgent||"",e(t))})}function N(e){function n(){var t=document.getElementById("__EDGEE_DATA_LAYER__");t!==null?e(t):document.readyState==="complete"?e(null):document.onreadystatechange=function(){document.readyState==="complete"&&n()}}n()}function S(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function B(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return e}function L(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function Q(e,n){var t=e==null?null:typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]||e["@@iterator"];if(t!=null){var r=[],o=!0,a=!1,i,c;try{for(t=t.call(e);!(o=(i=t.next()).done)&&(r.push(i.value),!(n&&r.length===n));o=!0);}catch(l){a=!0,c=l}finally{try{!o&&t.return!=null&&t.return()}finally{if(a)throw c}}return r}}function X(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function O(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=arguments[n]!=null?arguments[n]:{},r=Object.keys(t);typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols=="function"&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t).filter(function(o){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,o).enumerable}))),r.forEach(function(o){L(e,o,t[o])})}return e}function Y(e,n){return B(e)||Q(e,n)||Z(e,n)||X()}function A(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function Z(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return S(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return S(e,n)}}function W(e){_(function(n){n.data_collection.events=[];var t={};if(t.type="page",e.length!==0){var r=Y(e,2),o=r[0],a=r[1];typeof o=="string"?t.data=o:(typeof o=="undefined"?"undefined":A(o))==="object"&&(t.data=O({},n.data_collection.context.page,o)),(typeof a=="undefined"?"undefined":A(a))==="object"&&(t.components=O({},n.data_collection.components,a))}n.data_collection.events.push(t),s(n)})}var E=W;function j(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function K(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return e}function ee(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function te(e,n){var t=e==null?null:typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]||e["@@iterator"];if(t!=null){var r=[],o=!0,a=!1,i,c;try{for(t=t.call(e);!(o=(i=t.next()).done)&&(r.push(i.value),!(n&&r.length===n));o=!0);}catch(l){a=!0,c=l}finally{try{!o&&t.return!=null&&t.return()}finally{if(a)throw c}}return r}}function ne(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function re(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=arguments[n]!=null?arguments[n]:{},r=Object.keys(t);typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols=="function"&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t).filter(function(o){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,o).enumerable}))),r.forEach(function(o){ee(e,o,t[o])})}return e}function oe(e,n){return K(e)||te(e,n)||ae(e,n)||ne()}function P(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function ae(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return j(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return j(e,n)}}function ie(e){var n="Event name is required to track an event";if(e.length===0){d(n);return}_(function(t){t.data_collection.events=[];var r={};r.type="track",r.data={};var o=oe(e,2),a=o[0],i=o[1];if(typeof a=="string")r.data.name=a;else if((typeof a=="undefined"?"undefined":P(a))==="object"){if(!a.name){d(n);return}r.data=a}if(r.data.name===""){d(n);return}(typeof i=="undefined"?"undefined":P(i))==="object"&&(r.components=re({},t.data_collection.components,i)),t.data_collection.events.push(r),s(t)})}var I=ie;function D(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function ce(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return e}function le(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function ue(e,n){var t=e==null?null:typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]||e["@@iterator"];if(t!=null){var r=[],o=!0,a=!1,i,c;try{for(t=t.call(e);!(o=(i=t.next()).done)&&(r.push(i.value),!(n&&r.length===n));o=!0);}catch(l){a=!0,c=l}finally{try{!o&&t.return!=null&&t.return()}finally{if(a)throw c}}return r}}function fe(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function k(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=arguments[n]!=null?arguments[n]:{},r=Object.keys(t);typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols=="function"&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t).filter(function(o){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,o).enumerable}))),r.forEach(function(o){le(e,o,t[o])})}return e}function de(e,n){return ce(e)||ue(e,n)||se(e,n)||fe()}function T(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function se(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return D(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return D(e,n)}}function pe(e){_(function(n){n.data_collection.events=[];var t={};if(t.type="user",t.data={},e.length!==0){var r=de(e,2),o=r[0],a=r[1];typeof o=="string"?t.data.userId=o:(typeof o=="undefined"?"undefined":T(o))==="object"&&(t.data=k({},n.data_collection.context.user,o)),(typeof a=="undefined"?"undefined":T(a))==="object"&&(t.components=k({},n.data_collection.components,a))}n.data_collection.events.push(t),s(n)})}var C=pe;function _e(e){var n={};n.data_collection={},e[0]&&typeof e[0]=="string"&&(n.data_collection.consent=e[0]),s(n),p("- Consent set to:",n.data_collection.consent)}var q=_e;function me(){_(function(e){if(e.data_collection.events.length===0){var n={};n.type="page",e.data_collection.events.push(n)}s(e)})}var R=me;function ge(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function ye(){var e=window.edgee=window.edgee||[];if(e.load)return;e.load=!0,e.factory=function(l){return function(){var f=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);return c(l,f),e}};for(var n=0;n<u.methods.length;n++){var t=u.methods[n];e[t]=e.factory(t)}var r=document.currentScript,o=r==null?void 0:r.src;if(o&&(o.indexOf("http://")===0||o.indexOf("https://")===0||o.indexOf("//")===0)){o=o.replace("https://",""),o=o.replace("http://",""),o=o.replace(/^\/\//,"");var a=o.split("/")[0];a!==window.location.host?(u.t=!0,u.p="https://".concat(a,"/_edgee/csevent"),u.s="c",p("Edgee SDK used as third party. Event path set to "+u.p)):p("Event path set to "+u.p)}else p("Event path set to "+u.p);if(u.s!=="e")R();else if(ge(window._edgee_events)==="object"&&window._edgee_events.length>0)for(var i=0;i<window._edgee_events.length;i++)p("\u25C9 ".concat(window._edgee_events[i].type," event (edge):"),window._edgee_events[i]);window.dispatchEvent(new Event("edgee:loaded"));function c(l,f){l==="page"?E(f):l==="track"?I(f):l==="user"?C(f):l==="consent"&&q(f)}}var F=ye;window.edgee||F();})();</script> </head> <body id="js-body" class="bg--white lmd-lang-en "> <svg style="display: none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <symbol id="lmd-icon-m-abo" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="#FFC700" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"/> <path fill="#2A303C" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M19.0334 7.94603c-.6672.41266-.8891.96964-.8891 1.8309v6.87167c0 .4318.0516.6279.2734.7544l.2223.126.6144-.3781.2055.4319-2.135 1.3462-.7339-.5213c-.3254-.2332-.4626-.5205-.4626-1.077v-6.1364c0-1.1479.3427-1.75888.8208-2.13496l.2734-.21526-2.0151-1.23889-.9049.57392v8.93659c0 .7535-.1023.8614-.7352 1.202 0 0-.4944.2517-1.1763.6284h-.1369V9.04126c0-.48401-.052-.59246-.308-.80746l-.7165-.60987-.8714.51971v5.13266c0 .8967-.1363 1.5427-.81943 1.9908l-1.70718 1.1308-.17178-.3045c.5301-.4314.64919-1.0422.64919-1.7595V9.09481c0-.77182-.10147-1.07651-.87079-.93284-.28999.05305-.73409.12536-1.0073.16102-1.12746.16195-1.60596-.68167-.83729-1.74008 0 0 .18834-.26927.66617-.91592l.37662.26992-.27408.41267c-.35833.53914-.06815.826.51289.60984.273-.10774.80201-.32233 1.17776-.4847 1.62165-.6634 2.21992.43117 2.30522 1.07738l2.0157-1.27412 1.7403 1.39904 2.1513-1.39904 1.6569.98726c.5632.33995.8366.19674 1.2295-.01897l.3246-.17911.2558.4488-.699.43007ZM8.4972 18.9461c-.17068-.5032-.66551-1.0232-1.55395-1.0589-.83727-.018-2.03265.3235-3.02231 1.1131l-.18852-.2516c.71773-.8258 2.39118-2.153 4.14955-2.1715.92283 0 1.57157.3235 2.03265.8438l.76888-.449.2221.4671-2.4084 1.507Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-nav-arrow" viewBox="0 0 7 12"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M5.62 11.77.24 6.55C.16 6.48.11 6.39.06 6.3.02 6.2 0 6.1 0 6s.02-.2.06-.3c.04-.1.1-.18.18-.25L5.62.23c.15-.15.36-.23.57-.23s.42.08.57.23c.15.15.24.35.24.55s-.09.41-.24.55L1.95 6l4.81 4.66c.15.15.24.35.24.55s-.09.41-.24.55c-.15.15-.36.23-.57.23s-.42-.08-.57-.23Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-phosphor-bookmark-simple-regular" viewBox="0 0 256 256"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M184,32H72A16,16,0,0,0,56,48V224a8,8,0,0,0,12.24,6.78L128,193.43l59.77,37.35A8,8,0,0,0,200,224V48A16,16,0,0,0,184,32Zm0,177.57-51.77-32.35a8,8,0,0,0-8.48,0L72,209.57V48H184Z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-phosphor-bookmark-simple-fill" viewBox="0 0 256 256"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M184,32H72A16,16,0,0,0,56,48V224a8,8,0,0,0,12.24,6.78L128,193.43l59.77,37.35A8,8,0,0,0,200,224V48A16,16,0,0,0,184,32Z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-phosphor-timer-regular" viewBox="0 0 256 256"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M128,40a96,96,0,1,0,96,96A96.11,96.11,0,0,0,128,40Zm0,176a80,80,0,1,1,80-80A80.09,80.09,0,0,1,128,216ZM173.66,90.34a8,8,0,0,1,0,11.32l-40,40a8,8,0,0,1-11.32-11.32l40-40A8,8,0,0,1,173.66,90.34ZM96,16a8,8,0,0,1,8-8h48a8,8,0,0,1,0,16H104A8,8,0,0,1,96,16Z"></path> </symbol> </svg> <div id="cover" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp-unloaded" data-format="cover" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div id="Header" class=" old__header"> <header class="Header"> <div class="left"> <p class="Header__englishdate"> <strong class="date">Tuesday, February 18, 2025</strong> <br/> <span>1:07 am (Paris)</span> </p> <button id="Burger-mobile" class="Burger js-nav-burger"> <span class="Burger__icon"> <span class="sr-only">Navigation</span> </span> </button> </div> <div class="center"> <div class="Header__logo"> <a href="/en/"> <div class="logo__lemonde logo--full"></div> <span class="sr-only">Go Back to the HomePage</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="Header__actions Header__actions--desktop old__header-actions-right Header__actions--staled js-header-actions-staled"> <a class="Header__connexion js-header-login" href="https://secure.lemonde.fr/sfuser/connexion"> <span class="icon__nav-connexion"> <span class="sr-only">Sign in</span> </span> <span class="login-info">Sign in</span> </a> <a href="https://abo.lemonde.fr/en/" class="Header__subscription btn btn--premium js-btn-premium">Subscribe</a> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div class="Header__nav-container"> <nav id="Nav" class="Nav Nav--free lmd-u-shadow" data-sticky="0" data-is-home=0> <div id="nav-desktop" class="wrapper Nav--hidden"> <ul id="nav-markup" class=""> <li class="Nav__item js-burger-to-show Nav__item--hide"> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item-home Nav__item--extended"> <a href="/en/" class="Burger__right-arrow" data-target="a-la-une"> <span class="icon__home"></span> <span class="js-burger-to-show">Home</span> <span class="sr-only">Go Back to the HomePage</span> </a> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable Nav__item-actualites"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown Burger__right-arrow" data-target="news" role="button" aria-expanded="false">News</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open Nav__sub-item-actualites"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left"> <span>In the news</span> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/donald-trump/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Donald Trump</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">French Politics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/artificial-intelligence/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Artificial Intelligence</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/israel-hamas-war/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Israel-Hamas war</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/middle-east-crisis/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Middle East wars</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/war-in-ukraine/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">War in Ukraine</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/nicolas-sarkozy/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pfas/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">PFAS</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/los-angeles-fires/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Los Angeles fires</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right Nav__container--mobile"> <span> All sections </span> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--list old__nav-content-list"> <ul class="old__nav-content-list-container"> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/global-issues/">Global issues</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/">Economy</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/environment/">Environment</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/science/">Science</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/investigations/">Investigations</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/">Magazine</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/obituaries/">Obituaries</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/food/">Food</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sports/">Sports</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/">Lifestyle</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/">Culture</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/intimacy/">Intimacy</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pixels/">Pixels</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/">Les Décodeurs</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/religions/">Religion</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/">About Us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="World" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">World</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/" class="Nav__sub-title">World</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/united-states/"> United States </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/"> Africa </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/middle-east/"> Middle East </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/asia-and-pacific/"> Asia and Pacific </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/letter-from/"> Letters from </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/18/donald-trump-awakens-canadian-patriotism_6738271_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/6417/4278/360/0/95/0/2161d7e_sirius-fs-upload-1-wmmombqoir3g-1739782438804-063-2197523243.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/6417/4278/180/0/95/0/2161d7e_sirius-fs-upload-1-wmmombqoir3g-1739782438804-063-2197523243.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau delivers a keynote address at Evergreen Brick Works, Toronto, Canada, February 7, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/6417/4278/360/0/95/0/2161d7e_sirius-fs-upload-1-wmmombqoir3g-1739782438804-063-2197523243.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/6417/4278/180/0/95/0/2161d7e_sirius-fs-upload-1-wmmombqoir3g-1739782438804-063-2197523243.jpg" alt="Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau delivers a keynote address at Evergreen Brick Works, Toronto, Canada, February 7, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Donald Trump awakens Canadian patriotism</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/17/volodymyr-zelensky-s-great-solitude_6738267_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/2400/1600/360/0/95/0/bffa640_ftp-import-images-1-kh2153kgnrkh-5038682-01-06.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/2400/1600/180/0/95/0/bffa640_ftp-import-images-1-kh2153kgnrkh-5038682-01-06.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky at the Munich Security Conference in Germany, on February 15, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/2400/1600/360/0/95/0/bffa640_ftp-import-images-1-kh2153kgnrkh-5038682-01-06.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/2400/1600/180/0/95/0/bffa640_ftp-import-images-1-kh2153kgnrkh-5038682-01-06.jpg" alt="Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky at the Munich Security Conference in Germany, on February 15, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Volodymyr Zelensky's great solitude</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/17/after-goma-drc-s-bukavu-falls-under-m23-rebels-control_6738261_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5472/3648/360/0/95/0/9b6be2c_ftp-import-images-1-ebqwoyvu74k5-5034907-01-06.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5472/3648/180/0/95/0/9b6be2c_ftp-import-images-1-ebqwoyvu74k5-5034907-01-06.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5472/3648/360/0/95/0/9b6be2c_ftp-import-images-1-ebqwoyvu74k5-5034907-01-06.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5472/3648/180/0/95/0/9b6be2c_ftp-import-images-1-ebqwoyvu74k5-5034907-01-06.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">After Goma, DRC's Bukavu falls under M23 rebels' control</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/17/hamas-maintains-control-in-gaza-through-surveillance-and-fear_6738255_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/6252/4168/360/0/95/0/160a2c2_sirius-fs-upload-1-censovyxmnfd-1739717428760-110594.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/6252/4168/180/0/95/0/160a2c2_sirius-fs-upload-1-censovyxmnfd-1739717428760-110594.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Hamas fighters in Khan Yunis, in the Gaza Strip, February 15"> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/6252/4168/360/0/95/0/160a2c2_sirius-fs-upload-1-censovyxmnfd-1739717428760-110594.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/6252/4168/180/0/95/0/160a2c2_sirius-fs-upload-1-censovyxmnfd-1739717428760-110594.jpg" alt="Hamas fighters in Khan Yunis, in the Gaza Strip, February 15"></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Hamas maintains control in Gaza through surveillance and fear</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="Europe" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">Europe</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/europe/" class="Nav__sub-title">Europe</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/european-union/"> European Union </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/united-kingdom/"> United Kingdom </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/war-in-ukraine/"> War in Ukraine </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/15/in-munich-jd-vance-declares-ideological-war-on-europe_6738189_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/138/5223/3482/360/0/95/0/409fe7e_ftp-import-images-1-u3ivnyhozb74-2025-02-14t140109z-199412292-rc2ducamc50h-rtrmadp-3-security-munich-usa-vance.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/138/5223/3482/180/0/95/0/409fe7e_ftp-import-images-1-u3ivnyhozb74-2025-02-14t140109z-199412292-rc2ducamc50h-rtrmadp-3-security-munich-usa-vance.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="JD Vance at the Munich Security Conference (MSC) in southern Germany, February 14, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/138/5223/3482/360/0/95/0/409fe7e_ftp-import-images-1-u3ivnyhozb74-2025-02-14t140109z-199412292-rc2ducamc50h-rtrmadp-3-security-munich-usa-vance.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/138/5223/3482/180/0/95/0/409fe7e_ftp-import-images-1-u3ivnyhozb74-2025-02-14t140109z-199412292-rc2ducamc50h-rtrmadp-3-security-munich-usa-vance.JPG" alt="JD Vance at the Munich Security Conference (MSC) in southern Germany, February 14, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">In Munich, JD Vance declares ideological war on Europe</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/europe/article/2025/02/14/europe-s-unity-is-being-tested-by-ukraine-negotiations-between-washington-and-moscow_6738167_143.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/09/182/0/7650/5100/360/0/95/0/bdf51c3_sirius-fs-upload-1-yfmdifsvlmg8-1739122420679-raf-ukr-kyiv-9feb25-006.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/09/182/0/7650/5100/180/0/95/0/bdf51c3_sirius-fs-upload-1-yfmdifsvlmg8-1739122420679-raf-ukr-kyiv-9feb25-006.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="Signs in honor of Ukrainians who died during the war, in the Podil district of Kyiv, Ukraine, February 9, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/09/182/0/7650/5100/360/0/95/0/bdf51c3_sirius-fs-upload-1-yfmdifsvlmg8-1739122420679-raf-ukr-kyiv-9feb25-006.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/09/182/0/7650/5100/180/0/95/0/bdf51c3_sirius-fs-upload-1-yfmdifsvlmg8-1739122420679-raf-ukr-kyiv-9feb25-006.JPG" alt="Signs in honor of Ukrainians who died during the war, in the Podil district of Kyiv, Ukraine, February 9, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Europe</div> <p class="article__title">Europe's unity is being tested by Ukraine negotiations between Washington and Moscow</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/02/12/in-serbia-and-slovakia-demonstrators-defend-the-eu-s-values_6738065_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/05/0/0/6000/4000/360/0/95/0/b4a800a_ftp-import-images-1-srmbsaakg7gy-2025-02-05t125503z-1330986590-rc29oca5wrjz-rtrmadp-3-serbia-protests.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/05/0/0/6000/4000/180/0/95/0/b4a800a_ftp-import-images-1-srmbsaakg7gy-2025-02-05t125503z-1330986590-rc29oca5wrjz-rtrmadp-3-serbia-protests.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="A student demonstration in Belgrade on February 5, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/05/0/0/6000/4000/360/0/95/0/b4a800a_ftp-import-images-1-srmbsaakg7gy-2025-02-05t125503z-1330986590-rc29oca5wrjz-rtrmadp-3-serbia-protests.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/05/0/0/6000/4000/180/0/95/0/b4a800a_ftp-import-images-1-srmbsaakg7gy-2025-02-05t125503z-1330986590-rc29oca5wrjz-rtrmadp-3-serbia-protests.JPG" alt="A student demonstration in Belgrade on February 5, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">In Serbia and Slovakia, demonstrators defend the EU's values</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/europe/article/2025/01/30/poland-s-jewish-community-cautiously-re-emerges_6737582_143.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/27/0/0/5385/3590/360/0/95/0/eb9b634_sirius-fs-upload-1-1hl9pd4xwfkv-1737999197616-dscf2352.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/27/0/0/5385/3590/180/0/95/0/eb9b634_sirius-fs-upload-1-1hl9pd4xwfkv-1737999197616-dscf2352.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/27/0/0/5385/3590/360/0/95/0/eb9b634_sirius-fs-upload-1-1hl9pd4xwfkv-1737999197616-dscf2352.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/27/0/0/5385/3590/180/0/95/0/eb9b634_sirius-fs-upload-1-1hl9pd4xwfkv-1737999197616-dscf2352.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Europe</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Poland's Jewish community cautiously 're-emerges'</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="France" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">France</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/" class="Nav__sub-title">France</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/"> French Politics </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/"> Emmanuel Macron </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/paris/"> Paris </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/02/17/the-multifaceted-neo-nazi-threat-in-france_6738264_7.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3940/2627/360/0/95/0/284f1c1_sirius-fs-upload-1-qefl0yucr0mz-1739552995810-sipa-01051844-000001.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3940/2627/180/0/95/0/284f1c1_sirius-fs-upload-1-qefl0yucr0mz-1739552995810-sipa-01051844-000001.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Members of Zouaves Paris, Villepinte (Seine-Saint-Denis), December 5, 2021."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3940/2627/360/0/95/0/284f1c1_sirius-fs-upload-1-qefl0yucr0mz-1739552995810-sipa-01051844-000001.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3940/2627/180/0/95/0/284f1c1_sirius-fs-upload-1-qefl0yucr0mz-1739552995810-sipa-01051844-000001.jpg" alt="Members of Zouaves Paris, Villepinte (Seine-Saint-Denis), December 5, 2021."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">France</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">The multifaceted neo-Nazi threat in France</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/02/17/paris-wants-more-visible-police-less-visible-garbage_6738266_7.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/1/0/8192/5461/360/0/95/0/00f61be_sirius-fs-upload-1-lddhxjebst37-1739546486441-000-9pw8jm.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/1/0/8192/5461/180/0/95/0/00f61be_sirius-fs-upload-1-lddhxjebst37-1739546486441-000-9pw8jm.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Municipal police officers in front of Paris City Hall, October 18, 2021."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/1/0/8192/5461/360/0/95/0/00f61be_sirius-fs-upload-1-lddhxjebst37-1739546486441-000-9pw8jm.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/1/0/8192/5461/180/0/95/0/00f61be_sirius-fs-upload-1-lddhxjebst37-1739546486441-000-9pw8jm.jpg" alt="Municipal police officers in front of Paris City Hall, October 18, 2021."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">France</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Paris wants more visible police, less visible garbage</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pixels/article/2025/02/14/apple-targeted-by-french-complaint-over-siri-recording-private-data_6738155_13.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/0/3000/2000/360/0/95/0/d46f2f7_sirius-fs-upload-1-xhy5lldh0plf-1739462444474-siri.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/0/3000/2000/180/0/95/0/d46f2f7_sirius-fs-upload-1-xhy5lldh0plf-1739462444474-siri.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/0/3000/2000/360/0/95/0/d46f2f7_sirius-fs-upload-1-xhy5lldh0plf-1739462444474-siri.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/0/3000/2000/180/0/95/0/d46f2f7_sirius-fs-upload-1-xhy5lldh0plf-1739462444474-siri.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Pixels</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Apple targeted by French complaint over Siri recording private data</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/02/14/louis-the-american-sarkozy-s-return-to-france-in-his-father-s-footsteps_6738147_7.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3600/2400/360/0/95/0/8336c37_sirius-fs-upload-1-kozgmwgty6tu-1739502250510-8336c37-sirius-fs-upload-1-ngd0xd0rgzhy-1739343232936-keyssar-louissarkozy-020.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3600/2400/180/0/95/0/8336c37_sirius-fs-upload-1-kozgmwgty6tu-1739502250510-8336c37-sirius-fs-upload-1-ngd0xd0rgzhy-1739343232936-keyssar-louissarkozy-020.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3600/2400/360/0/95/0/8336c37_sirius-fs-upload-1-kozgmwgty6tu-1739502250510-8336c37-sirius-fs-upload-1-ngd0xd0rgzhy-1739343232936-keyssar-louissarkozy-020.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3600/2400/180/0/95/0/8336c37_sirius-fs-upload-1-kozgmwgty6tu-1739502250510-8336c37-sirius-fs-upload-1-ngd0xd0rgzhy-1739343232936-keyssar-louissarkozy-020.JPG" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">France</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Louis 'the American' Sarkozy returns to France in his father's footsteps</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="Videos" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">Videos</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/" class="Nav__sub-title">Videos</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/video-investigations/"> Investigations </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/explainer-videos/"> Explainers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/02/16/the-mona-lisa-s-turbulent-life-fame-theft-and-vandalism_6738215_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/127/945/630/360/0/95/0/50c6596_sirius-fs-upload-1-hvz0quo0a9cl-1739282829616-monalisaarticlecover.png 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/127/945/630/180/0/95/0/50c6596_sirius-fs-upload-1-hvz0quo0a9cl-1739282829616-monalisaarticlecover.png" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/127/945/630/360/0/95/0/50c6596_sirius-fs-upload-1-hvz0quo0a9cl-1739282829616-monalisaarticlecover.png 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/127/945/630/180/0/95/0/50c6596_sirius-fs-upload-1-hvz0quo0a9cl-1739282829616-monalisaarticlecover.png" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">The Mona Lisa's turbulent life: Fame, theft and vandalism</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/02/03/why-are-us-mexico-relations-so-conflictual_6737732_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/0/150/1620/1080/360/0/95/0/d7b95b3_sirius-fs-upload-1-rlm2jlt22ylo-1738323755644-00-tile-hori.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/0/150/1620/1080/180/0/95/0/d7b95b3_sirius-fs-upload-1-rlm2jlt22ylo-1738323755644-00-tile-hori.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/0/150/1620/1080/360/0/95/0/d7b95b3_sirius-fs-upload-1-rlm2jlt22ylo-1738323755644-00-tile-hori.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/0/150/1620/1080/180/0/95/0/d7b95b3_sirius-fs-upload-1-rlm2jlt22ylo-1738323755644-00-tile-hori.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">Why are US-Mexico relations so conflictual?</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/01/27/auschwitz-80-years-commemoration-why-didn-t-the-allies-try-to-stop-the-holocaust-sooner_6737477_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/01/21/0/107/1616/1078/360/0/95/0/e686e1c_169140244-vignette-sho2.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/01/21/0/107/1616/1078/180/0/95/0/e686e1c_169140244-vignette-sho2.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/01/21/0/107/1616/1078/360/0/95/0/e686e1c_169140244-vignette-sho2.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/01/21/0/107/1616/1078/180/0/95/0/e686e1c_169140244-vignette-sho2.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">Auschwitz, 80 years commemoration: Why didn't the Allies try to stop the Holocaust sooner?</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/01/26/why-does-global-hunger-remain-stubbornly-high_6737443_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/02/0/0/5422/3614/360/0/95/0/010ae5f_1722588777237-000-364h8gu.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/02/0/0/5422/3614/180/0/95/0/010ae5f_1722588777237-000-364h8gu.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/02/0/0/5422/3614/360/0/95/0/010ae5f_1722588777237-000-364h8gu.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/02/0/0/5422/3614/180/0/95/0/010ae5f_1722588777237-000-364h8gu.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">Why does global hunger remain stubbornly high?</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="Opinion" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">Opinion</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/" class="Nav__sub-title">Opinion</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/editorials/"> Editorials </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/columns/"> Columns </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/op-eds/"> Op-Eds </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/analysis/"> Analysis </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/02/17/europe-s-historic-challenge_6738250_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5245/3497/360/0/95/0/ef8be28_ftp-import-images-1-7su4dbb2dsfj-af30ddf7f1ea4dfb9d08403b0d4385c4-0-a6e89c040e5e4ad5808efe643b01f562.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5245/3497/180/0/95/0/ef8be28_ftp-import-images-1-7su4dbb2dsfj-af30ddf7f1ea4dfb9d08403b0d4385c4-0-a6e89c040e5e4ad5808efe643b01f562.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5245/3497/360/0/95/0/ef8be28_ftp-import-images-1-7su4dbb2dsfj-af30ddf7f1ea4dfb9d08403b0d4385c4-0-a6e89c040e5e4ad5808efe643b01f562.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5245/3497/180/0/95/0/ef8be28_ftp-import-images-1-7su4dbb2dsfj-af30ddf7f1ea4dfb9d08403b0d4385c4-0-a6e89c040e5e4ad5808efe643b01f562.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Editorial</div> <p class="article__title">Europe's historic challenge</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/02/17/meloni-consolidates-popularity-by-disrupting-italian-democracy_6738269_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/5810/3873/360/0/95/0/5c85510_ftp-import-images-1-4aeaeotkvm25-2025-02-17t160254z-2123740765-rc2fwcaab679-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-europe.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/5810/3873/180/0/95/0/5c85510_ftp-import-images-1-4aeaeotkvm25-2025-02-17t160254z-2123740765-rc2fwcaab679-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-europe.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/5810/3873/360/0/95/0/5c85510_ftp-import-images-1-4aeaeotkvm25-2025-02-17t160254z-2123740765-rc2fwcaab679-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-europe.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/5810/3873/180/0/95/0/5c85510_ftp-import-images-1-4aeaeotkvm25-2025-02-17t160254z-2123740765-rc2fwcaab679-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-europe.JPG" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Meloni consolidates popularity by disrupting Italian democracy</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/02/17/greenlanders-are-by-no-means-passive-in-the-face-of-imperialism_6738239_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/5344/3563/360/0/95/0/1916ad5_ftp-import-images-1-p4o6ikevssom-2025-02-04t193232z-1611846738-rc2vncaprhsl-rtrmadp-3-greenland-election.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/5344/3563/180/0/95/0/1916ad5_ftp-import-images-1-p4o6ikevssom-2025-02-04t193232z-1611846738-rc2vncaprhsl-rtrmadp-3-greenland-election.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="Greenland's prime minister, Mute Egede, in Nuuk, February 4, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/5344/3563/360/0/95/0/1916ad5_ftp-import-images-1-p4o6ikevssom-2025-02-04t193232z-1611846738-rc2vncaprhsl-rtrmadp-3-greenland-election.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/5344/3563/180/0/95/0/1916ad5_ftp-import-images-1-p4o6ikevssom-2025-02-04t193232z-1611846738-rc2vncaprhsl-rtrmadp-3-greenland-election.JPG" alt="Greenland's prime minister, Mute Egede, in Nuuk, February 4, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">'Greenlanders are by no means passive in the face of imperialism'</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/02/16/are-judges-still-a-check-on-trump-s-power_6738231_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5782/3855/360/0/95/0/6fa0fcc_ftp-import-images-1-rypvuzg57y8v-2025-02-14t110727z-470099167-rc2jscawn9ek-rtrmadp-3-usa-court-trump.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5782/3855/180/0/95/0/6fa0fcc_ftp-import-images-1-rypvuzg57y8v-2025-02-14t110727z-470099167-rc2jscawn9ek-rtrmadp-3-usa-court-trump.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="US President Donald Trump in the World of Rugby Office at the White House, Washington, February 11, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5782/3855/360/0/95/0/6fa0fcc_ftp-import-images-1-rypvuzg57y8v-2025-02-14t110727z-470099167-rc2jscawn9ek-rtrmadp-3-usa-court-trump.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5782/3855/180/0/95/0/6fa0fcc_ftp-import-images-1-rypvuzg57y8v-2025-02-14t110727z-470099167-rc2jscawn9ek-rtrmadp-3-usa-court-trump.JPG" alt="US President Donald Trump in the World of Rugby Office at the White House, Washington, February 11, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Are judges still a check on Trump's power?</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target=" M Magazine" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0"> M Magazine</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/" class="Nav__sub-title"> M Magazine</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/"> Lifestyle </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/fashion/"> Fashion </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/does-anyone-care/"> Does anyone care? </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/02/16/emilia-perez-beleaguered-by-controversy-stumbles-in-its-oscar-race_6738209_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/15074f8_ftp-import-images-1-fd6eda23ektn-369177-3409718.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/15074f8_ftp-import-images-1-fd6eda23ektn-369177-3409718.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Karla Sofia Gascón at the UK premiere of "Emilia Pérez" at the London Film Festival, October 11, 2024."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/15074f8_ftp-import-images-1-fd6eda23ektn-369177-3409718.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/15074f8_ftp-import-images-1-fd6eda23ektn-369177-3409718.jpg" alt="Karla Sofia Gascón at the UK premiere of "Emilia Pérez" at the London Film Festival, October 11, 2024."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">'Emilia Pérez,' beleaguered by controversy, stumbles in its Oscar race</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/02/14/the-revival-of-the-rosebud-bar-a-historic-artist-hangout-in-paris-s-montparnasse-neighborhood_6738173_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/200/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/0d5fdff_ftp-import-images-1-4eqtufa0ud3x-368307-3408323.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/200/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/0d5fdff_ftp-import-images-1-4eqtufa0ud3x-368307-3408323.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="A photo of Marguerite Duras as a child hangs on the wall of the Rosebud Bar. Paris, January 29, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/200/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/0d5fdff_ftp-import-images-1-4eqtufa0ud3x-368307-3408323.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/200/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/0d5fdff_ftp-import-images-1-4eqtufa0ud3x-368307-3408323.jpg" alt="A photo of Marguerite Duras as a child hangs on the wall of the Rosebud Bar. Paris, January 29, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">The revival of the Rosebud bar, a historic artist hangout in Paris's Montparnasse neighborhood</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/article/2025/02/14/introducing-m-international-the-best-of-le-monde-s-m-magazine-now-in-english_6738160_115.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/240/0/2362/1574/360/0/95/0/dc400aa_sirius-fs-upload-1-jbql6qfxrat2-1739530645030-web-m-international.png 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/240/0/2362/1574/180/0/95/0/dc400aa_sirius-fs-upload-1-jbql6qfxrat2-1739530645030-web-m-international.png" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/240/0/2362/1574/360/0/95/0/dc400aa_sirius-fs-upload-1-jbql6qfxrat2-1739530645030-web-m-international.png 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/240/0/2362/1574/180/0/95/0/dc400aa_sirius-fs-upload-1-jbql6qfxrat2-1739530645030-web-m-international.png" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Editorial</div> <p class="article__title">Introducing M International: The best of Le Monde's M magazine, now in English</p> <div class="article__author"> <div class="article__author-name">Elvire Camus</div> <div class="article__author-desc">Editor-in-chief, Le Monde in English</div> </div> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/02/13/new-york-s-saturday-night-fever-photographed-by-meryl-meisler_6738136_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/06/140/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/40ac7d8_ftp-import-images-1-nvymnbte0ovu-368547-3408952.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/06/140/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/40ac7d8_ftp-import-images-1-nvymnbte0ovu-368547-3408952.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Aux Mouches, June 1978."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/06/140/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/40ac7d8_ftp-import-images-1-nvymnbte0ovu-368547-3408952.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/06/140/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/40ac7d8_ftp-import-images-1-nvymnbte0ovu-368547-3408952.jpg" alt="Aux Mouches, June 1978."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">New York's Saturday night fever, photographed by Meryl Meisler</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="French Delights" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">French Delights</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/french-delights/" class="Nav__sub-title">French Delights</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/exhibitions/"> Exhibitions </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/gastronomie/"> Gastronomy </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/"> Culture </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/02/08/in-paris-s-saint-germain-neighborhood-buly-combines-a-traditional-ethos-and-modern-efficiency-to-craft-its-beauty-products_6737925_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/10/250/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/9ca8b58_ftp-import-images-1-zzxyo5y5ogcb-364954-3404932.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/10/250/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/9ca8b58_ftp-import-images-1-zzxyo5y5ogcb-364954-3404932.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Balms, creams and perfumes are displayed in bookcases in the middle of the offices."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/10/250/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/9ca8b58_ftp-import-images-1-zzxyo5y5ogcb-364954-3404932.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/10/250/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/9ca8b58_ftp-import-images-1-zzxyo5y5ogcb-364954-3404932.jpg" alt="Balms, creams and perfumes are displayed in bookcases in the middle of the offices."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">In Paris's Saint-Germain neighborhood, Buly combines a traditional ethos and modern efficiency to craft its beauty products</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/science/article/2025/02/08/making-notre-dame-s-medieval-stones-and-sculptures-speak-a-striking-journey-into-fragments-of-the-sacred-at-the-musee-de-cluny_6737921_10.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/4723/3149/360/0/95/0/4bec400_sirius-fs-upload-1-bqvdoizhrudh-1738677968336-22.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/4723/3149/180/0/95/0/4bec400_sirius-fs-upload-1-bqvdoizhrudh-1738677968336-22.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Fragment of a bust supported by a hand, after cleaning and stabilization of the 13th-century polychromy."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/4723/3149/360/0/95/0/4bec400_sirius-fs-upload-1-bqvdoizhrudh-1738677968336-22.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/4723/3149/180/0/95/0/4bec400_sirius-fs-upload-1-bqvdoizhrudh-1738677968336-22.jpg" alt="Fragment of a bust supported by a hand, after cleaning and stabilization of the 13th-century polychromy."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Science</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">'Making Notre-Dame's Medieval Stones and Sculptures Speak,' a striking journey into fragments of the sacred at the Musée de Cluny</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/article/2025/02/05/balzac-by-rodin-anatomy-of-a-statue_6737815_37.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/170/0/1125/750/360/0/95/0/5fcb2da_ftp-import-images-1-n49zb8xsetex-367762-3403755.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/170/0/1125/750/180/0/95/0/5fcb2da_ftp-import-images-1-n49zb8xsetex-367762-3403755.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Auguste Rodin's "Study of a Dressing Gown for Balzac," plaster, 1897."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/170/0/1125/750/360/0/95/0/5fcb2da_ftp-import-images-1-n49zb8xsetex-367762-3403755.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/170/0/1125/750/180/0/95/0/5fcb2da_ftp-import-images-1-n49zb8xsetex-367762-3403755.jpg" alt="Auguste Rodin's "Study of a Dressing Gown for Balzac," plaster, 1897."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Lifestyle</div> <p class="article__title">Balzac by Rodin: Anatomy of a statue</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/article/2025/02/02/a-haven-of-peace-in-the-heart-of-paris-s-pigalle-neighborhood_6737689_37.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/15/62/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/810aee1_ftp-import-images-1-bypttbcd3915-365537-3404556.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/15/62/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/810aee1_ftp-import-images-1-bypttbcd3915-365537-3404556.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/15/62/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/810aee1_ftp-import-images-1-bypttbcd3915-365537-3404556.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/15/62/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/810aee1_ftp-import-images-1-bypttbcd3915-365537-3404556.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Lifestyle</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">A haven of peace in the heart of Paris's Pigalle neighborhood</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="nav-mobile" class="Nav__mobile"></div> </nav> </div> <div class="lmd-banners js-lmd-banners"> </div> <main role="main" class="main--privacy main--free"> <article class="article article--single article--iso article--content"> <section class="zone zone--article zone--privacy"> <header class="article__header--privacy"> <div class="article__heading"> <h1 class="article__title">Privacy Policy - Personal Data and Cookies</h1> </div> </header> <section class="article__content old__article-content-single"> <p class="article__paragraph "></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Applicable as of April 7, 2022.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"></h2> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>1. INTRODUCTION</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">In the course of its commercial activity as a publisher of daily newspapers and magazines on paper or digital media, and its derived commercial activities, the Société éditrice du Monde processes your personal data. For example, by filling out a subscription form, making a purchase on our online store, contacting our Customer Service, registering for an event we organize, participating in a contest, browsing our websites or our mobile and digital applications, or clicking on an advertising link that we present to you, you transmit information to us, some of which may identify you ("personal data").</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">This Privacy Policy informs you about how we collect and process your personal data. Please read it carefully.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Important note</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">We only use your personal data in the cases provided for by the legislation in force:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>The performance of a contract we have with you, and/or</li><li>Compliance with a legal obligation, and/or</li><li>Your consent to the use of your data, and/or</li><li>The existence of a legitimate interest in using your data. Legitimate interest is a set of commercial or business reasons that justifies the use of your data by the Société éditrice du Monde.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">For the Société éditrice du Monde, this legitimate interest is mainly, in the context of a changing media environment in France and the rest of the world, to maintain the level of sales revenues required to preserve its independence as a press organization, to finance the production of quality editorial content offered to its readers, to continue to provide some content free of charge on its websites and applications or the existence of subscription offers at a special rate for certain categories of subscribers (students, school libraries, etc.).</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">We believe that this legitimate commercial interest serves a larger goal of maintaining a free and independent press, which is essential to freedom of expression and freedom of opinion in a democratic society.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">By agreeing to receive marketing and advertising information from our publications and partners, you are helping to support the economic viability of our newspaper publishing business.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">In any case, your individual rights will always take precedence over our legitimate interest, and we will never use your data for commercial purposes against your will.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">If you have any questions about this document, you can <a href="https://dpo.lemonde.fr/contact">contact Groupe Le Monde's data protection officer.</a></p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>2. WHO IS THE DATA CONTROLLER MENTIONED IN THIS DOCUMENT?</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">The person responsible for the processing mentioned in this document is the Société éditrice du Monde, a limited company with a board of directors and a supervisory board with a capital of 124,610,348.70, euros whose registered office is located at 67-69 Avenue Pierre Mendès-France, 75013 PARIS, France, registered in the Paris Trade and Companies Register under no. 433 891 850, and for which Mr. Louis Dreyfus, Chairman of the Board of Directors, is the legal representative. The Société éditrice du Monde is an entity of Groupe Le Monde.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Groupe Le Monde's Data Protection Officer is Ms Juliette Boukobza.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>3. WHAT DATA DO WE COLLECT ABOUT YOU AND UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES DO WE COLLECT IT?</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">3.1. The data you send us directly</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">When we contact you, you may be asked to provide information about yourself. This data is collected in particular when subscribing, creating an account on our sites and applications, ordering through our online stores, or when accessing any other offer or service.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">This data includes:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Last name, first name, title, date of birth;</li><li>Mailing address, email address, phone number;</li><li>Information required for the delivery or the carrying of an ordered product;</li><li>Encrypted username and password used to identify you on our websites or applications;</li><li>Encrypted information relating to your means of payment (credit card number in particular);</li><li>Sales prospecting preferences;</li><li>Any other information you wish to share with us.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">3.2. The data we collect in the course of our business relationship</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The data we collect during our business relationship with you includes the following:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Information relating to the history of your commercial relationship with Groupe Le Monde: subscriptions, orders for products and services, and, if applicable, invoicing and payment;</li><li>Your participation in promotional offers, contests or events;</li><li>Requests you have made to our customer service department or incidents you have reported to us, for example concerning the delivery of our products or the performance of our services;</li><li>Information about purchases of products and services you have made from our partners.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">3.3. The data we collect automatically</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Each time you visit our websites and mobile applications, we collect information about your connection and browsing. Different technologies can be used to collect this data. We refer to them generically as "cookies".</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Data collected using cookies</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">A cookie is a text file that is deposited on your device when you visit a website, mobile application or online advertisement. It is stored in a specific space on the hard drive of your computer or mobile device. Cookies are managed by your internet browser or the mobile application you use, and only the issuer of a cookie can decide whether to read or modify the information contained in it.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">A cookie is valid for a limited time. Depositing and storing cookies on your device is done in compliance with the applicable legislation and subject to the choices you have expressed and that you can modify at any time, under the conditions specified in Article 9 below.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">A cookie does not identify you personally. It allows its issuer to recognize your device and to collect a certain amount of information relating to the browsing done from this device.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Cookies have several functions, such as allowing you to navigate efficiently on a website or a mobile application, remembering your choices, the goods and services you wish to purchase, your geographical area corresponding to the IP address an online order is placed from, offering you relevant advertising content according to your interests expressed during your navigation. You can learn more about cookies one the following websites:</p> <p class="article__paragraph "><a href="https://www.cnil.fr/fr/site-web-cookies-et-autres-traceurs">www.cnil.fr</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph "><a href="http://www.allaboutcookies.org/">www.allaboutcookies.org</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph "><a href="http://www.aboutcookies.org/">www.aboutcookies.org</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph "><a href="http://www.youronlinechoices.eu/">www.youronlinechoices.eu</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The cookies deposited by the Société éditrice du Monde, subject to your preferences, give us access to the following information in particular:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Identification of equipment you use (IP address of your computer, Android ID, Apple ID, etc.),</li><li>Type of operating system used by your device (Microsoft Windows, Apple Os, Linux, Unix, BeOS, Android, iOS, etc.),</li><li>Type and version of the browser software used by your device (Microsoft Internet Explorer, Apple Safari, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, etc.),</li><li>Dates and times of connection to our services,</li><li>Geographical area of the sign-in linked to the IP address,</li><li>Address of the referrer web page,</li><li>Browsing data on our services, content viewed.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Data collected using standard Internet technology</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">We may also use standard Internet technology such as scripts, pixels and redirects. Scripts (sometimes called tags), written in JavaScript, are programs that run in your browser or mobile application and perform a number of different actions, such as sending information to our servers. Scripts are also able to create pixels. Pixels (sometimes called transparent GIFs, clear GIFs, or Web-bugs) are lines of code that display a graphic image (usually invisible) on a Web page or in an email. Redirects make a web page available at multiple page addresses (URLs). When a browser opens a redirect URL, a page with a different URL is opened.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The purpose of these technologies is to improve your experience with our websites and applications, including providing you with content that is tailored to your interests. For example, when a user clicks a share button on an article, a script creates a pixel that counts the share. This allows us to calculate the total number of times an article is shared and we rank our most-shared articles.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">This technology provides us with the following information, among others:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Information about your use of our websites and applications;</li><li>Information about the presence of cookies on your device, the time and date of viewing a page, and a description of the page where the web tag is set;</li><li>Information on whether or not you read the emails we send you, whether you click on the links in these emails.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">Our websites and mobile applications may also include third-party scripts, pixels and redirects. This technology allows third-party service providers to collect certain information such as your browser type, and the web page that redirected you to our websites or mobile applications. These third-party service providers process the data they collect for auditing, research, and reporting information about our sites and applications and the advertisements viewed on them. We do not share your identifying information with these third parties in connection with their use of these technologies.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Data from mobile devices</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Some mobile devices, depending on the permissions you have granted to the mobile application, which you can change at any time (for example: "notifications" or "location" data), send information such as your phone model, operating system version, connection type, and the name and version of the application you are using.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">This data, which is required for the mobile applications we publish to function properly, is automatically processed by our servers and those of some of our partners (in particular AT Internet, SmartAdServer, HockeyApp, and Google Analytics) in order to provide you with a service and advertisements that are tailored to the technical characteristics of your device and to measure the traffic on our mobile applications.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">In addition, if you accept the use of this feature, we are able to identify the physical location of your device (geolocation), in particular to inform you about content or offers that we think might be relevant to your expectations or interests or to improve your experience using our mobile applications. In accordance with applicable law, geolocation features can be disabled at any time in your device’s system settings.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">3.4. The data we assume</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">By combining the data we have about you with general, anonymous statistical information, we may make assumptions about the content and services that match your tastes or uses.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">For example: If, according to statistical data, a majority of people between 30 and 50 years old, living in Paris and interested in literary news, are also interested in TV series, and you are one of our Parisian subscribers, aged 42, who regularly views the content of 'Le Monde des livres' on our website, we may assume that you are also interested in TV series, and we will be able to show you an advertisement for a subscription video-on-demand service specializing in series as browsing our website.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">3.5 Data concerning minors</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">In principle, our products and services are intended for adult persons of legal age who are capable of entering into contractual obligations.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Any User who is a minor must obtain the consent of their legal guardian prior to providing us with their personal data.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">To register on our websites and for some of our online services (such as our newsletter), the age of 16 is accepted.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">An Internet user under 18 years of age at the time of publication or creation of an online account has a specific right to the deletion of their personal data.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">If you have any questions about this document, you can <a href="https://dpo.lemonde.fr/contact">contact Groupe Le Monde's data protection officer.</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">3.6. Third-party data</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Before you gift a subscription or any other product or service that we sell to a third party, you must make that the person in question agrees to having their personal data, including their mailing address, being shared with us.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">3.7. Exclusion of all sensitive data</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Groupe Le Monde does not collect any sensitive data about you. The following are considered sensitive data: racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership, data relating to health or sexual orientation. If such information is in any way communicated to Groupe Le Monde, it will be deleted.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"></h2> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>4. HOW DO WE USE YOUR DATA?</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">This section explains the main purposes for which we use the data described in section 3.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">4.1. Operations required to provide products or services</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Display of subscription offers available and conditions applicable in your geographical area</li><li>Treatment of your subscription to our publications and execution of this contract;</li><li>Treatment of your order for products or services and execution of this order;</li><li>Managing subscriptions to our newsletters and/or email alerts;</li><li>Billing; collection of payment;</li><li>Managing deliveries and tracking orders;</li><li>Customer relations: our customer service can be reached by mail, telephone, email or chat for any questions or complaints;</li><li>Conducting satisfaction surveys;</li><li>Sending information about changes or updates to our services;</li><li>Management of unpaid bills and disputes; fighting fraud</li><li>Managing the exercise of your rights regarding your personal data, under the conditions provided for in Article 9;</li><li>Ensuring compliance with applicable legislation, our contracts and the General Terms and Conditions of Use.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">4.2. Marketing and sales prospecting operations relating to Groupe Le Monde's publications, products and services</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Compliance with postal standards, updating, enrichment and deduplication of your personal information in Groupe Le Monde’s dedicated database;</li><li>Sending information about our press group, its publications and its activity;</li><li>Sending marketing, advertising and promotional offers related to our products and services by mail, targeted mailing, email, mobile notifications, social media or any other medium;</li><li>Personalized loyalty or commercial prospecting actions;</li><li>Organizing contests or other promotional operations;</li><li>Collecting customer reviews;</li><li>Compiling sales statistics.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">4.3. Operations related to commercial partnerships</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Sharing, exchanging or renting files with commercial partners in compliance with the regulations in force and security requirements;</li><li>Sending marketing, advertising and promotional messages related to the products and services by mail, targeted mailing, email, mobile notifications, social media or any other medium;</li><li>Organizing contests or other promotional operations or events with commercial partners.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">4.4. Purposes associated with depositing cookies on your browser</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Operation and optimization of browsing and use of the services of our sites and applications</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Adapting of the presentation of our sites and applications to your terminal’s display preferences (language used, display resolution, operating system, etc.) during your visits, depending on the hardware and software for viewing or reading that your terminal uses;</li><li>Storing of information relating to a form that you have completed on our website (registration or access to your account) or to products, services or information that you have chosen on our website (service subscribed to, content consulted, purchase made, etc.);</li><li>Automatic connection to reserved or personal areas of our website, such as your account, using login information or data that you have previously provided to us;</li><li>Providing social media sharing tools;</li><li>Managing our platforms and carrying out internal technical operations to solve problems, analyze data, and carry out testing, research, analysis, studies and surveys;</li><li>Implementing security and anti-fraud measures;</li><li>Quality measures to ensure that our content is displayed properly on your device.</li><li>Access to audiovisual and interactive content</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Traffic and audience measurement</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Compiling traffic statistics and volume and use of the various elements that make up our website (categories and content visited, path) in order to improve the interest and the use of our services;</li><li>Counting of the total number of ads displayed by us on our advertising spaces, classification and statistics;</li><li>Audience analysis based on advertising campaign results;</li><li>Analysis of interests and behaviors;</li><li>Improved customer/user knowledge for personalization purposes.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Ad customization on our websites and applications</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Adapting our advertising space to your device’s display preferences (identifying ads, compiling traffic statistics and volume and use of the various elements that make up our website: categories and content visited, path) in order to improve the interest and the use of our services;</li><li>Tailoring the ads displayed on your device as you browse our websites and applications to your device’s technical characteristics (1), to your browsing and the cookies that you have previously accepted (2), to your interests and habits (3), to data that you have previously provided to us (4), and, if necessary, to the geographical location data of your device (5);</li><li>Recognizing you to display personalized ads on our website, on third-party sites and social media;</li><li>Measuring the effectiveness of our advertising campaigns and offer of services.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Personalization of the reader's path</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Personalizing some of the editorial content suggested to match the reader's supposed interests</li><li>Personalizing the products and services offered by Le Monde</li><li>Measuring the effectiveness of our personalization services</li><li>Interacting with social media</li></ul> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>5. HOW LONG DO WE STORE YOUR DATA?</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">Your personal data will be stored for the duration provided for in the regulations in force or that is proportionate to the purpose for which it was recorded. Certain storage periods correspond to the legitimate interests of Groupe Le Monde as specified in the introduction.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The storage period may vary depending on whether we have an ongoing contractual relationship with you (you are an active customer), whether we have had a contractual relationship with you in the past (you are an inactive customer), or whether we have never had such a relationship with you (you are a prospect). Your browsing data that is collected by the cookies that you have authorized has a specific storage period.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The table below shows how long your data is stored for the main categories of data.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">In any case, we regularly review the information we store. When storing this data is no longer justified by legal, commercial or customer account management requirements, or if you have exercised your right to modification or deletion, we will securely delete your data.</p> <p class="article__paragraph "><strong>Data category</strong></p> <p class="article__paragraph "><strong>Purpose</strong></p> <p class="article__paragraph "><strong>Storage period</strong></p> <p class="article__paragraph "><strong>Prospect data</strong></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">All data</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Creating and managing a prospect file</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">3 years from the collection of the data or the last contact from the prospect</p> <p class="article__paragraph "><strong>Active customer data</strong></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">All data</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Customer account management</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Throughout the duration of the contractual relationship</p> <p class="article__paragraph "><strong>Inactive customer data</strong></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Data related to the execution of the contract</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Customer account management, orders, deliveries, invoicing, payments</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">10 years from the end of the contract or the last contact from the inactive customer</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Identification and contact data - Inactive customers Daily press</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Sending information about updates to our publication and our offers</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">5 years from the end of the contract or the last contact from the inactive customer</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Identification and contact data - Inactive customers Press</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Magazines</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Sending information about updates to our publications and our offers</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">5 years from the end of the contract or the last contact from the inactive customer</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">(10 years for last name, first name and mailing address)</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Identification data</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">– Digital subscribers</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Sending information about updates to our publication and our offers</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">5 years from the end of the contract or the last contact from the inactive customer</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Identification and contact data - Newsletter subscribers</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Sending information about updates to our publications and our offers</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">3 years from unsubscription or the last contact from the Customer</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Identification and contact data - Web account subscribers</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Sending information about updates to our publications and our offers</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">3 years from unsubscription or the last contact from the Customer</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Identification and contact data - Mail order purchasers</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Sending information about updates to our publications and our offers</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">5 years from the shipping of the product or the last contact from the inactive customer</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">(10 years for last name, first name and mailing address)</p> <p class="article__paragraph "><strong>Data generated by cookies</strong></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Data related to your browsing on our</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">online services</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Operation and optimization of services</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Measuring traffic.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Personalization of content and advertising</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">13 months maximum</p> <p class="article__paragraph "><strong>Assumed data</strong></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Data relating to your use and supposed interests</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Sending information and offers that are assumed to match your interests and uses</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Annual update</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"></h2> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>6. WHO MAY HAVE ACCESS TO THE DATA WE COLLECT?</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">6.1. Access to data within Groupe Le Monde</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The following may have access to some of your data:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Employees in the subscription, customer relations, administrative, accounting and management control, IT and marketing & sales departments.</li><li>M Publicité, Groupe Le Monde's advertising agency.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">Access to your data is based on individual and limited access authorizations. Personnel with access to personal data are subject to an obligation of confidentiality (through a nominal and personal commitment to confidentiality)</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">6.2. Transfer of data</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The following may have access to some of your data:</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Subcontractors</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">They provide services on our behalf, including:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Subscription management</li><li>Securing online payments and fighting fraud</li><li>Delivering publications</li><li>Shipping orders</li><li>Managing telephone calls, sending postal or email</li><li>Personalizing content for websites and mobile applications</li><li>Carrying out maintenance operations and technical developments</li><li>Collecting customer reviews</li><li>Providing analytical solutions or audience measurement statistics</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">Our subcontractors’ access to your data is governed by contracts that specify their obligations to protect the security and confidentiality of the data.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Social media platforms</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The use of social media to interact with our websites and applications (in particular the Facebook and Twitter "share" buttons) is likely to lead to data exchanges between Groupe Le Monde and these social networks. For example, if you are logged in to Facebook and visit a page on www.lemonde<a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/">.fr</a>, Facebook may collect this information. Similarly, if you view an wwwwww.lemonde.frndee on www.lemondemonde<a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/">.fr</a> and click the "tweet" button, Twitter will collect this information. Please consult the privacy policies of the various social networks to learn about how they collect and process your data.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Our commercial partners</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">They promote products or services on their own behalf or on behalf of advertisers. Please note that if you decide to subscribe to our commercial partners' products or services and you allow them to access some of your data, including by logging into their websites or applications, their privacy policies and cookie deposits will be applicable. We have no control over how our commercial partners collect or process your data on their own platforms.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Police, judicial or administrative authorities</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">When we are legally required to do so, or to protect the rights, property and safety of Groupe Le Monde.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"></h2> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>7. IS YOUR DATA TRANSFERRED OUTSIDE THE EUROPEAN UNION?</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">We store your personal data within the European Union. However, some processing involves transfers to subcontractors or commercial partners located in other countries, some of which may have less protective privacy laws than those in force in your country of residence. If such a transfer were to occur, we ensure that the processing is carried out in accordance with this Privacy Policy and that it is governed by the European Commission's standard contractual clauses which ensure an adequate level of protection of the privacy and fundamental rights of individuals.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"></h2> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>8. HOW IS YOUR DATA PROTECTED?</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">As a data controller, we implement the appropriate technical and organizational measures, in accordance with the applicable law, to protect your personal data against alteration, accidental or unlawful loss, use, disclosure or unauthorized access, including:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Designation of a data protection officer;</li><li>Creation of a unit dedicated to information systems security;</li><li>Raising awareness about the confidentiality requirements of our employees who have access to your personal data;</li><li>Controlling access to our premises and computer platforms;</li><li>Implementing a computer security policy throughout the company;</li><li>Securing data access, sharing and transfer;</li><li>High standards for data protection requirements when selecting subcontractors and partners.</li></ul> <h2 class="article__sub-title"></h2> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>9. WHAT ARE YOUR RIGHTS?</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">9.1. Your right to access your personal data</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">You have the right to access your personal data and request to have it corrected, completed or updated. You may also request to have your data deleted, or object to their processing, provided that you have a legitimate reason.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">You may request to exercise your right to data portability, which is the right to receive the personal data you have provided to us in an organized, commonly used format, and you have the right to send this data to another data controller.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Finally, you have the right to specify your will with regard to the conservation, deletion and communication of your personal data after your death.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">You may exercise your rights by contacting Groupe Le Monde's personal data protection officer at the following address: 67-69 Avenue Pierre Mendès-France, 75013 PARIS Cedex 1, France, or via the <a href="https://dpo.lemonde.fr/contact">contact form</a>.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Before responding to your request, we may verify your identity and/or ask you to provide additional information in order to fulfill your request. We will make every effort to respond to your request within a reasonable time and, in any event, within the time limits set by law.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">If you should find our response unsatisfactory, you may file a complaint with the French National Commission for Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL): https: <a href="https://www.cnil.fr/fr/plaintes">//www.cnil.fr/fr/plaintes</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">9.2. Your right to object to commercial communications</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">We may use your contact information for marketing purposes, in accordance with applicable law and the terms of this Privacy Policy. You may object to these communications at any time, depending on the communication channel we use to send them to you.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Commercial communications by electronic means (email and text message):</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">We follow the rules laid out in Article L.34-5 of the French Post Office and Telecommunications Code, which requires obtaining your prior and express consent for sending commercial prospecting by electronic means (email, push notifications or text messages).</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">This is why, on the forms you fill out when you subscribe to one of our products or services, when you create an account on our websites or applications, or during any other contact with us, you are expressly asked for your consent:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>to receive offers from Groupe Le Monde</li><li>to receive offers from Groupe Le Monde’s partners</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">Exception: your express prior consent is not required when you are already a customer of Groupe Le Monde and the purpose of our solicitation is to offer you products or services similar to those we already provide.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">In any case, you may to refuse to receive these communications by carrying out the following actions:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>For email, by clicking on the unsubscribe link provided in each email, by going to your online account or by contacting customer service.</li><li>For text messages, by sending a STOP SMS to the number indicated in the message or by contacting our customer service.</li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Commercial communications on mobile applications</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">When you first open Groupe Le Monde's mobile applications on your smartphone or tablet, you can grant permission to receive mobile or "push" notifications. These notifications allow us to communicate editorial content to you (news alerts, content recommended by the newsroom), and may, from time to time, be used for commercial offers. You can disable these notifications at any time in your smartphone’s settings.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Commercial telephone communications</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">We may contact you by telephone to offer you products or services. If you do not wish to be contacted, you can put your name on the “do not call list” accessible on the website <a href="http://www.bloctel.gouv.fr/">www.bloctel.gouv.fr</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Telephone prospecting, including of persons registered on the do not call list, is still authorized by law when the purpose is to provide newspapers, periodicals or magazines.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Solicitations by any other means</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Please contact our customer service to inform them that you do not wish to be the subject of these solicitations.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">9.3. Your right to accept and manage cookies</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Except in the case of a specific exceptions, cookies may only be stored on your device with your consent. You may modify your preferences regarding the acceptance or refusal of cookies on your device at any time, either through the<a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/confidentialite/"> configuration tool</a> that we provide on our websites and applications, or on your browser, or online with various operators.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">In order to configure the cookies to suit your wishes as closely as possible, we recommend that you configure your browser, taking into account the purpose of the cookies.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Links to other websites</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Our Service may contain links to third-party websites or services that are not owned or controlled by Le Monde. Le Monde assumes no responsibility for the content, privacy policies, or practices of any third-party website or service. We do not guarantee the offers provided by of these entities/individuals or their websites.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">WE STRONGLY RECOMMEND THAT YOU READ THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICIES OF ALL THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES OR SERVICES YOU VISIT FROM OUR SITE.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">How can you exercise your rights?⇒ Cookies that do not require consent</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Our provider AT INTERNET deposits a cookie that does not require consent with the exclusive aim of measuring the traffic to our site and of producing anonymous audience statistics. You have the right to oppose the use of this cookie by clicking on this button</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">⇒ Configure your cookies in the Le Monde cookie configuration tool</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Le Monde provides a simple tool you can use to configure cookies depending on their category: social media cookies, analytics cookies, advertising cookies, reader path personalization cookies, cookies for audiovisual and interactive content, etc.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The choices you make with this tool will only be valid for your navigation on the Le Monde website.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">To use this tool, <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/confidentialite/">click here</a>.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">You can also express your choices about cookies on your computer's browser or on online websites. In both cases, your choices will apply to your entire Internet browsing experience, not just to the Le Monde website.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">You can also express your choices about cookies on your computer's browser or on online websites. In both cases, your choices will apply to your entire Internet browsing experience, not just to the Le Monde website.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">⇒ Configure your cookies in your browser</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">You can configure your browser to accept or reject cookies before a cookie is stored, or to systematically accept or reject the storage of all cookies on your device.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">We must warn you that if you configure your browser to refuse technical and functional cookies, this may impact your browsing experience on our websites, or even prevent the use of some of our services that require the use of these cookies.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">In this case, we decline all responsibility for the consequences related to the reduced functioning of our websites and our services due to our inability to store or consult the cookies required for their operation that you would have refused or deleted.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Each browser has a different way to manage cookies and your preferences. These processes are described in your browser’s help menu, which will explain how to change your cookie preferences.</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Microsoft Internet Explorer <a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/fr-FR/windows-vista/Block-or-allow-cookies">http://windows.microsoft.com/fr-FR/windows-vista/Block-or-allow-cookies</a></li><li>Microsoft Edge <a href="https://privacy.microsoft.com/fr-fr/windows-10-microsoft-edge-and-privacy">https://privacy.microsoft.com/fr-fr/windows-10-microsoft-edge-and-privacy</a></li><li>Apple Safari <a href="http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?path=Safari/3.0/fr/9277.html">http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?path=Safari/3.0/fr/9277.html</a></li><li>Google Chrome <a href="http://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=fr&hlrm=en&answer=95647">http://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=fr&hlrm=en&answer=95647</a></li><li>Mozilla Firefox <a href="http://support.mozilla.org/fr/kb/Activer%2520et%2520d%25C3%25A9sactiver%2520les%2520cookies">https://support.mozilla.org/fr/kb/activer-desactiver-cookies-preferences</a></li><li>Opera <a href="http://help.opera.com/Windows/10.20/fr/cookies.html">http://help.opera.com/Windows/10.20/fr/cookies.html</a></li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">Adobe Flash Player Flash Cookies</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Adobe Flash Player is a computer application that allows rapid development of dynamic content using Flash. Flash (and similar applications) stores settings, preferences and usage of such content using technology similar to cookies. However, Adobe Flash Player manages this information and your choices through a different interface than that provided by your browser.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">If your terminal is able to view content developed with Flash, we recommend that you access your Flash cookie tools directly from the website <a href="http://www.adobe.com/fr">http://www.adobe.com/fr</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">“Do not track”</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">You can also set your browser to send a code to tell websites that you do not want to be tracked (the "Do not track" option).</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Microsoft Internet Explorer <a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/fr-fr/internet-explorer/use-tracking-protection#ie=ie-11">http://windows.microsoft.com/fr-fr/internet-explorer/use-tracking-protection#ie = ie-11</a></li><li>Microsoft Edge <a href="https://privacy.microsoft.com/fr-fr/windows-10-microsoft-edge-and-privacy">https://privacy.microsoft.com/fr-fr/windows-10-microsoft-edge-and-privacy</a></li><li>Apple Safari <a href="http://support.apple.com/kb/PH11952">http://support.apple.com/kb/PH11952</a></li><li>Google Chrome <a href="https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/114836">https ://support.google.com/chrome/answer/114836</a></li><li>Mozilla Firefox <a href="https://support.mozilla.org/fr/kb/comment-activer-option-ne-pas-pister">https ://support.mozilla.org/en/kb/how-to-enable-not-tracking-option</a></li><li>Opera <a href="http://help.opera.com/Windows/12.10/fr/notrack.html">http://help.opera.com/Windows/12.10/fr/notrack.html</a></li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">⇒Make your choice online</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Audience measurement and analytics cookies</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Analytics cookies allow us to obtain anonymous statistics on the number of visitors to our site in order to optimize it and to detect possible malfunctions. They are deposited on our websites and applications by Google Analytics, Amplitude, Chartbeat, Weborama, ACPM.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">If you do not want our websites and services to store cookies in your browser for audience measurement purposes, you can click on the following links for more information:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Google Analytics cookies <a href="https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout">https ://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout</a></li><li>Amplitude cookies <a href="https://amplitude.com/privacy">https://amplitude.com/privacy</a></li><li>Chartbeat cookies <a href="https://chartbeat.com/privacy/">https://chartbeat.com/privacy/</a></li><li>Weborama cookie <a href="https://weborama.com/fr/respect-de-la-vie-privee/">https://weborama.com/fr/respect-de-la-vie-privee/</a></li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">"Social Media" cookies</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">We use several sharing buttons on our site.</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>To manage your data on Facebook <a href="https://www.facebook.com/help/cookies/">https ://www.facebook.com/help/cookies/</a></li><li>To manage your data on Twitter <a href="https://support.twitter.com/articles/20170518-utilisation-des-cookies-et-des-technologies-similaires-par-twitter">https ://support.twitter.com/articles/20170518-use-of-cookies-and-similar-technologies-by-twitter</a></li><li>To manage your data on Pinterest <a href="https://policy.pinterest.com/fr/cookies">https://policy.pinterest.com/en/cookies</a></li><li>To manage your data on LinkedIn <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/cookie-policy?_l=fr_FR">https ://www.linkedin.com/legal/cookie-policy?_l=fr_FR</a></li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">Disabling these cookies will prevent you from interacting with social media.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Advertising cookies</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">We use the Doubleclick platform to manage advertising on our websites.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- To manage Doubleclick's cookies <a href="https://www.google.com/settings/u/0/ads/authenticated">https ://www.google.com/settings/u/0/ads/authenticated</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">We also use the Outbrain platform to suggest articles based on popularity and your interests, as well as sponsored articles.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- Learn more about interest-based targeting</p> <p class="article__paragraph "><a href="http://www.youronlinechoices.com/fr/a-propos-de-la-publicite-comportementale/">http://www.youronlinechoices.com/fr/a-propos-de-la-publicite-comportementale/</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- To disable the Outbrain targeting technology <a href="https://www.outbrain.com/legal/privacy#privacy-policy">https://www.outbrain.com/legal/privacy#privacy-policy</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">You can also go to the <a href="http://youronlinechoices.com/">http://youronlinechoices.com</a> website, provided by the digital advertising professionals that are part of the European Digital Advertising Alliance (EDAA) and managed in France by the Interactive Advertising Bureau France.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">This European platform is shared by hundreds of Internet advertising professionals and constitutes a centralized interface allowing you to express your refusal or acceptance of the cookies used by these companies to tailor the advertisements displayed on your device based on your navigation information:</p> <p class="article__paragraph "><a href="http://www.youronlinechoices.com/fr/controler-ses-cookies/">http://www.youronlinechoices.com/fr/controler-ses-cookies/</a></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Finally, some cookies are deposited by third-party service providers for personalized advertising purposes. You may click on the following links to learn more about their policies and exercise your rights:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Rubicon cookies <a href="http://www.rubiconproject.com/privacy/consumer-online-profile-and-opt-out/">http://www.rubiconproject.com/privacy/consumer-online-profile-and-opt-out/</a></li><li>Google Ad Manager cookies <a href="https://www.google.com/settings/u/0/ads/authenticated">https://www.google.com/settings/u/0/ads/authenticated</a></li><li>AppNexus cookies <a href="https://www.appnexus.com/fr/platform-privacy-policy">https://www.appnexus.com/fr/platform-privacy-policy</a></li><li>Weborama cookie <a href="https://weborama.com/fr/respect-de-la-vie-privee/">https://weborama.com/fr/respect-de-la-vie-privee/</a></li><li>Index Exchange cookie <a href="http://www.indexexchange.com/privacy/">http://www.indexexchange.com/privacy/</a></li><li>Spotx <a href="https://www.spotx.tv/privacy-policy/">https://www.spotx.tv/privacy-policy/</a></li><li>Criteo <a href="https://privacy.eu.criteo.com/">https://privacy.eu.criteo.com</a></li><li>Liveramp <a href="https://liveramp.com/privacy/">https://liveramp.com/privacy/</a></li><li>Openx <a href="https://www.openx.com/legal/privacy-policy/">https://www.openx.com/legal/privacy-policy/</a></li><li>Triplelift <a href="https://triplelift.com/privacy/">https://triplelift.com/privacy/</a></li><li>Integral Ad Science <a href="https://integralads.com/fr/cookie-policy/">https://integralads.com/fr/cookie-policy/</a></li><li>Amazon <a href="https://www.amazon.fr/adprefs">https://www.amazon.fr/adprefs</a></li><li>Powerspace <a href="https://powerspace.com/fr/privacy/">https://powerspace.com/fr/privacy/</a></li><li>Smart <a href="https://smartadserver.fr/politique-confidentialite-entreprise/">https://smartadserver.fr/politique-confidentialite-entreprise/</a></li><li>Sublime <a href="https://www.sublime.xyz/en/legal-mentions">https://www.sublime.xyz/en/legal-mentions</a></li><li>Teads <a href="https://www.teads.com/privacy-policy/">https://www.teads.com/privacy-policy/</a></li><li>Dailymotion <a href="https://www.dailymotion.com/legal/privacy">https://www.dailymotion.com/legal/privacy</a></li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">Reader path personalization cookies</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">These cookies are deposited by our providers:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li>Chartbeat cookie <a href="https://chartbeat.com/privacy/">https://chartbeat.com/privacy/</a></li><li>Forecast cookie</li><li>Mediego cookie <a href="https://www.mediego.com/fr/politique-de-confidentialite-donnees-personnelles/">https://www.mediego.com/fr/politique-de-confidentialite-donnees-personnelles/</a></li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">To disable these cookies, please go to our configuration tool <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/confidentialite/">here</a>.</p> <p class="article__paragraph "></p> </section> </section> </article> </main> <footer id="footer" class="footer footer--free"> <section class="zone zone--footer old__zone"> <section class="footer__main"> <section class="footer__top"> <section class="footer__category-container"> <section class="footer__category footer__category-sections js-footer-category"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">Sections</h3> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/international/" >World</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/politics/" >French politics</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/france/" >France</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/les-decodeurs/" >Les Décodeurs</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/sports/" >Sports</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/environment/" >Environment</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/science/" >Science</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/campus/" >Campus</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/le-monde-africa/" >Le Monde Africa</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/pixels/" >Pixels</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/health/" >Health</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/obituaries/" >Obituaries</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/archives-du-monde/" >Archives</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/about-us/" >About Us</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/syndication/" >Le Monde Syndication</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="https://about.pressreader.com/hotels/le-monde/en/?utm_campaign=hospitality-le-monde&utm_source=le-monde&utm_medium=footer&utm_content=english" >Le Monde for hotels</a></li> </ul> </section> <section class="footer__category footer__category-elections js-footer-category"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">French Focus</h3> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/rugby-world-cup-2023/" >Rugby World Cup 2023</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/tour-de-france/" >Tour de France 2023</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/paris-olympics-2024/" >Paris Olympics 2024</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/emmanuel-macron/" >Emmanuel Macron</a></li> </ul> </section> <section class="footer__category footer__category-opinion js-footer-category"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">Opinion</h3> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/editorials/" >Editorials</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/columns/" >Columns</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/analysis/" >Analysis</a></li> </ul> </section> </section> <section class="footer__middle"> <section class="footer__cta"> <p class="footer__title"> Subscription </p> <a class="footer__link footer__link--cta" href="https://abo.lemonde.fr/" > <span class="footer__icon icon__subscribe"></span> Sign up </a> <a class="footer__link footer__link--cta" href="https://secure.lemonde.fr/sfuser/connexion" > <span class="footer__icon icon__connexion"></span> Sign In </a> </section> <section class="footer__cta"> <p class="footer__title"> <span class="footer__icon icon__newsletter-footer"></span> Le Monde in English </p> <a class="footer__link footer__link--cta footer__subscribe-link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/newsletters/le-monde-in-english/" > Sign up to receive our daily selection of "Le Monde" <br> articles translated into English. <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/newsletters/le-monde-in-english/" class="btn button--empty footer__subscribe-button"> Sign up </a> </a> </section> </section> <section class="footer__category footer__category-legales"> <input type="checkbox" tabindex="-1" name="footer__toggle" class="footer__category-checkbox" id="infos-legales"> <label for="infos-legales" class="footer__category-label"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">Informations légales le Monde</h3> </label> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/mentions-legales" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Mentions légales </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/cgv" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Conditions générales </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Charte du Groupe </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/confidentialite/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Politique de confidentialité </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/faq/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Aide (FAQ) </a> </li> </ul> </section> </section> </section> <section class="footer__mandatory"> <h3 class="footer__title">Le Monde Legal informations</h3> <ul class="footer__links footer__links--list"> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/legal-information" > Legal Information </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/article/2022/04/06/groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct_5979823_115.html" > Group Policy </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/privacy-policy/" > Privacy Policy </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list gdpr-cs-parameters-link" href="/en/#" > Cookie Preferences </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/cgv-en" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Terms & Conditions </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="/en/faq/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> FAQ </a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="footer__bottom"> <p class="footer__title">Follow Le Monde</p> <section class="footer__social"> <ul class="footer__links footer__links--social"> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.facebook.com/Le-Monde-in-English-108626768479797" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__facebook icon__facebook--footer"></span> Facebook </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.youtube.com/@LeMondeInEnglish" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__youtube"></span> Youtube </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.instagram.com/lemonde_en/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__instagram icon__instagram--footer"></span> Instagram </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@lemonde_en" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__tiktok icon__icon__tiktok--footer"></span> TikTok </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.reddit.com/user/LeMonde_en/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__reddit icon__reddit--footer"></span> Reddit </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/rss/une.xml" > <span class="footer__icon icon__rss"></span> RSS feed </a> </li> </ul> </section> </section> </section> </footer> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/common.060c9c04b1c0a752.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/article.8397d9c03633152c.js" async="1"></script> <div id="overlay" class="overlay"></div> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="ads" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/ads.50cf0b802284c947.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/1467d885278be3ad.b0d32c81b778964dfeafdda3ac193744ce59e1e0.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="analytics" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/anltcs.86a3a2c38da7133d.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/forecast.93cfb7091dcec4f8.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="personalization" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/survey.e9b89561e2bc9db2.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="mediaPlatforms" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/scls.3a1f2d741287c345.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="analytics" data-gdpr-src="https://news.google.com/swg/js/v1/swg.js" async="1" subscriptions-control="manual"></script> </body> </html>