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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Características_principais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Características_principais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Características principais</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Características_principais-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Características principais</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Características_principais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Físicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Físicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Físicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Físicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Químicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Químicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Químicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Químicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obtenção" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obtenção"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Obtenção</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obtenção-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compostos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compostos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Compostos</span> </div> </a> <button 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href="#Aplicações"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aplicações</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplicações-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Aplicações</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aplicações-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catalisador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catalisador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Catalisador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catalisador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Padrões_do_SI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Padrões_do_SI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Padrões do SI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Padrões_do_SI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Símbolo_de_prestígio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Símbolo_de_prestígio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Símbolo de prestígio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Símbolo_de_prestígio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outras_aplicações" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outras_aplicações"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Outras aplicações</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outras_aplicações-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-História" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#História"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>História</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-História-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Formas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produção_mundial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produção_mundial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Produção mundial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produção_mundial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Platina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 153 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">153 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%88%8B%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%90%E1%88%9D" title="ፕላቲነም — amárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፕላቲነም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plat%C3%ADn" title="Platín — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Platín" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="प्लैटिनम — angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="प्लैटिनम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بلاتين — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلاتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="پلاتين — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پلاتين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بلاتين — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلاتين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plat%C3%ADn" title="Platín — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Platín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piwapiskw" title="Piwapiskw — atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Piwapiskw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پلاتین — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پلاتین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A1_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Аҡ алтын — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аҡ алтын" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — balinês" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platino" title="Platino — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Platino" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Плаціна (хімічны элемент) — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Плаціна (хімічны элемент)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Плятына — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Плятына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emas_kodok" title="Emas kodok — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Emas kodok" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Платина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="प्लैटिनम — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्लैटिनम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="প্লাটিনাম — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্লাটিনাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="བེ་ལེ་ཊི་ནམ། — tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བེ་ལེ་ཊི་ནམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plat%C3%AD" title="Platí — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Platí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83h-g%C4%ADng" title="Băh-gĭng — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Băh-gĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platino" title="Platino — cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Platino" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%9D%E1%8F%98%E1%8F%85%E1%8E%BB" title="ᏝᏘᏅᎻ — cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏝᏘᏅᎻ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پلاتین — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پلاتین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinu" title="Platinu — córsico" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Platinu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="córsico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plat%C3%ABna" title="Platëna — kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Platëna" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Платина" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinwm" title="Platinwm — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Platinwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%87%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Λευκόχρυσος — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λευκόχρυσος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateno" title="Plateno — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plateno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platino" title="Platino — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Platino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaatina" title="Plaatina — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Plaatina" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platino" title="Platino — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Platino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پلاتین — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پلاتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platine" title="Platine — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Platine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaatin" title="Plaatin — frísio setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Plaatin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frísio setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanam" title="Platanam — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Platanam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanum" title="Platanum — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Platanum" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platino" title="Platino — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Platino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%AE" title="પ્લેટિનમ — guzerate" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્લેટિનમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guzerate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-k%C3%AEm" title="Pha̍k-kîm — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pha̍k-kîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="פלטינה — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלטינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="प्लैटिनम — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्लैटिनम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Պլատին — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պլատին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platino" title="Platino — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Platino" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platino" title="Platino — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Platino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plat%C3%ADna" title="Platína — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Platína" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platino" title="Platino — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Platino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%87%91" title="白金 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="白金" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrplati" title="jinmrplati — lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrplati" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="პლატინა — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პლატინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plat%C9%A9n%C9%A9" title="Platɩnɩ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Platɩnɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — quicuio" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="quicuio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Платина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪ್ಲಾಟಿನಮ್ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ಲಾಟಿನಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B8%88" title="백금 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백금" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plat%C3%AEn" title="Platîn — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Platîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина — komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Платина" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinom" title="Platinom — córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Platinom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Платина" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%80%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8" title="КӀяла муси — Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="КӀяла муси" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plattino" title="Plattino — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Plattino" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platino" title="Platino — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Platino" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plat%C4%ABns" title="Platīns — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Platīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volamahery" title="Volamahery — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Volamahery" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Платина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="പ്ലാറ്റിനം — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്ലാറ്റിനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Цагаан алт — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цагаан алт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯇꯤꯅꯝ — manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯇꯤꯅꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="प्लॅटिनम — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्लॅटिनम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Платина" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B0" title="ရွှေဖြူ — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရွှေဖြူ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ашо сырне — erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ашо сырне" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96" title="प्वलाख — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्वलाख" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinu" title="Platinu — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Platinu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%AE" title="ପ୍ଲାଟିନମ — oriá" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ଲାଟିନମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Платинæ — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Платинæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE" title="ਪਲੈਟੀਨਮ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਲੈਟੀਨਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platyna" title="Platyna — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Platyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%A0tin" title="Plàtin — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Plàtin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85" title="پلاٹینم — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پلاٹینم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%BC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="پلاټينيوم — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پلاټينيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qullqiya" title="Qullqiya — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qullqiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin%C4%83" title="Platină — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Platină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin%C3%A2" title="Platinâ — aromeno" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Platinâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Платина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="प्लेटिनम् — sânscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्लेटिनम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sânscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%A0tinu" title="Plàtinu — sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Plàtinu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%A0tinu" title="Plàtinu — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Plàtinu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balatiniyaam" title="Balatiniyaam — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Balatiniyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Платина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platini" title="Platini — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Platini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பிளாட்டினம் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிளாட்டினம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="ప్లాటినం — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్లాటినం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Платина" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="แพลทินัม — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แพลทินัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platino" title="Platino — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Platino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Агалтын — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Агалтын" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Платина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85" title="پلاٹینم — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پلاٹینم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platina" title="Platina — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Platina" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin" title="Platin — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Platin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platino" title="Platino — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Platino" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Платинум — kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Платинум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פלאטין — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פלאטין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Platinum" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimhau" title="Gimhau — zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gimhau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%91" title="鉑 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鉑" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-kim" title="Pe̍h-kim — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pe̍h-kim" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%87%91" title="白金 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白金" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhazi" title="IKhazi — zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IKhazi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q880#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Platina" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Platina"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Platina"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Platina" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Platina" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&oldid=68349598" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Platina&id=68349598&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPlatina"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPlatina"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Platina"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Platina&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Platinum" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q880" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> Para outros significados, veja <a href="/wiki/Platina_(desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" class="mw-disambig" title="Platina (desambiguação)">Platina (desambiguação)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68971778">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Platina">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Platina&oq=Platina">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Platina">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Platina">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Setembro de 2021</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox_v2" cellspacing="7" border="0" style="padding: 0.1em; width:300px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr class="topo" style="font-size:150%; background-color:#ffc0c0;"> <td width="10%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td width="80%" style="color:black;">Platina </td> <td width="10%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/32px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/48px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/64px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="background:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%ADdio" title="Irídio">Irídio</a> ← <b>Platina</b> → <a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro">Ouro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1dio" title="Paládio">Pd</a> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="5"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate;width:248px;background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Hidrogénio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/44px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/66px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/88px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="3" style="border:none;text-align:center;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"> <br />78</td> <td style="font-size:16pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><b>Pt</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lio" title="Hélio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtio" title="Lítio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%ADlio" title="Berílio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%A9nio" title="Oxigénio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%BAor" title="Flúor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3dio" title="Sódio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" 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style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Enxofre" title="Enxofre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rgon" title="Árgon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Potássio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1lcio" title="Cálcio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%A2ndio" title="Escândio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A2nio" title="Titânio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Van%C3%A1dio" title="Vanádio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B4mio" class="mw-redirect" title="Crômio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 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title="Índio (elemento químico)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Estanho" title="Estanho"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%B4nio" title="Antimônio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%BArio" title="Telúrio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td 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href="/wiki/Nept%C3%BAnio" title="Neptúnio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Plut%C3%B4nio" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutônio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Amer%C3%ADcio" title="Amerício"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BArio" title="Cúrio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Berqu%C3%A9lio" title="Berquélio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnio" title="Califórnio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Einst%C3%AAnio" title="Einstênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9rmio" title="Férmio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Mendel%C3%A9vio" title="Mendelévio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lio" title="Nobélio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Laur%C3%AAncio" title="Laurêncio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherf%C3%B3rdio" title="Rutherfórdio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAbnio" title="Dúbnio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Seab%C3%B3rgio" title="Seabórgio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3hrio" title="Bóhrio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1ssio" title="Hássio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rio" title="Meitnério"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmst%C3%A1cio" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstácio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentg%C3%AAnio" title="Roentgênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Copern%C3%ADcio" title="Copernício"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Nip%C3%B3nio" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipónio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Fler%C3%B3vio" title="Fleróvio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Mosc%C3%B3vio" title="Moscóvio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Liverm%C3%B3rio" title="Livermório"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#fcfecc;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesso" title="Tenesso"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Ogan%C3%A9sson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganésson"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↑ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><b>Pt</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↓ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Darmst%C3%A1dtio" title="Darmstádtio">Ds</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica">Tabela completa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_estendida" title="Tabela periódica estendida">Tabela estendida</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Aparência </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">branco acinzentado<br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Platinum_crystals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Platinum_crystals.jpg/250px-Platinum_crystals.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Platinum_crystals.jpg/375px-Platinum_crystals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Platinum_crystals.jpg/500px-Platinum_crystals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2084" data-file-height="1460" /></a></span><br /><small>Cristais de platina</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Informações gerais </th></tr> <tr> <td width="60%"><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Lista de elementos químicos">Nome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Lista de elementos químicos">símbolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_at%C3%B3mico" title="Número atómico">número</a> </td> <td width="40%">Platina, Pt, 78 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rie_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Série química">Série química</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metal_de_transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal de transição">Metal de transição</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupo_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Grupo (química)">Grupo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período (química)">período</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloco_da_tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Bloco da tabela periódica">bloco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupo_10_(qu%C3%ADmica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupo 10 (química)">10</a>, 6, d </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Densidade" title="Densidade">Densidade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Mohs" title="Escala de Mohs">dureza</a> </td> <td>21 090 <a href="/wiki/Quilograma_por_metro_c%C3%BAbico" title="Quilograma por metro cúbico">kg/m<sup class="exposant">3</sup></a>, 3,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Registro_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Registro CAS">Número CAS</a> </td> <td>7440-06-4 </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_EINECS" title="Número EINECS">Número EINECS</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Propriedade atómicas </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_at%C3%B3mica" title="Massa atómica">Massa atómica</a> </td> <td>195,084(9) <a href="/wiki/Unidade_de_massa_at%C3%B3mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Unidade de massa atómica">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_at%C3%B3mico" title="Raio atómico">Raio atómico</a> <small>(calculado)</small> </td> <td>139 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_covalente" title="Raio covalente">Raio covalente</a> </td> <td>128 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_de_Van_der_Waals" title="Raio de Van der Waals">Raio de Van der Waals</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Configura%C3%A7%C3%A3o_electr%C3%B3nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Configuração electrónica">Configuração electrónica</a> </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Xen%C3%B4nio" title="Xenônio">Xe</a>] 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>9</sup> 6s<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron" title="Elétron">Elétrons</a> <small>(por <a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADvel_de_energia" title="Nível de energia">nível de energia</a>)</small> </td> <td>2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Electron_shell_077_Iridium.svg" title="Ficheiro:Electron shell 077 Iridium.svg">ver imagem</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estado_de_oxida%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Estado de oxidação">Estado(s) de oxidação</a> </td> <td>6, 5, <b>4</b>, 3 , 2, 1, -1, -2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido" title="Óxido">Óxido</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido" title="Óxido">ligeiramente básico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estrutura_cristalina" title="Estrutura cristalina">Estrutura cristalina</a> </td> <td>cúbica centrada nas faces </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Propriedades físicas </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estados_f%C3%ADsicos_da_mat%C3%A9ria" class="mw-redirect" title="Estados físicos da matéria">Estado da matéria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3lido" title="Sólido">sólido</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponto_de_fus%C3%A3o" title="Ponto de fusão">Ponto de fusão</a> </td> <td>2 041,15 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponto_de_ebuli%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ponto de ebulição">Ponto de ebulição</a> </td> <td>4 098 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calor_de_fus%C3%A3o" title="Calor de fusão">Entalpia de fusão</a> </td> <td>19,6 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Entalpia_de_vaporiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Entalpia de vaporização">Entalpia de vaporização</a> </td> <td>510 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_cr%C3%ADtica" title="Temperatura crítica">Temperatura crítica</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Press%C3%A3o_cr%C3%ADtica" title="Pressão crítica">Pressão crítica</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unidade)" title="Pascal (unidade)">Pa</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Volume_molar" title="Volume molar">Volume molar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metro_c%C3%BAbico" title="Metro cúbico">m<sup class="exposant">3</sup></a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Press%C3%A3o_de_vapor" title="Pressão de vapor">Pressão de vapor</a> </td> <td>100 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unidade)" title="Pascal (unidade)">Pa</a> a 2815 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Velocidade_do_som" title="Velocidade do som">Velocidade do som</a> </td> <td>2 680 <a href="/wiki/Metro_por_segundo" title="Metro por segundo">m/s</a> a 20 <a href="/wiki/Grau_Celsius" title="Grau Celsius">°C</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Classe_magn%C3%A9tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Classe magnética">Classe magnética</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramagnetismo" title="Paramagnetismo">paramagnético</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Susceptibilidade_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Susceptibilidade magnética">Susceptibilidade magnética</a> </td> <td>2,8x10<sup>-4</sup> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Permeabilidade_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Permeabilidade magnética">Permeabilidade magnética</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_de_Curie" title="Temperatura de Curie">Temperatura de Curie</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Diversos </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eletronegatividade" title="Eletronegatividade">Eletronegatividade</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Pauling" title="Escala de Pauling">Pauling</a>)</small> </td> <td>2,28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calor_espec%C3%ADfico" title="Calor específico">Calor específico</a> </td> <td>130 <a href="/wiki/Joule_por_quilograma_por_kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joule por quilograma por kelvin">J/(kg·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Condutividade_el%C3%A9trica" title="Condutividade elétrica">Condutividade elétrica</a> </td> <td>9,66 × 10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unidade)" title="Siemens (unidade)">S</a>/m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Condutividade_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Condutividade térmica">Condutividade térmica</a> </td> <td>71,6 <a href="/wiki/Watt_por_metro_por_kelvin" title="Watt por metro por kelvin">W/(m·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.º <a href="/wiki/Potencial_de_ioniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Potencial de ionização">Potencial de ionização</a> </td> <td>870 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>1791 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>3.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>4.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>5.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>6.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>7.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>8.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>9.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>10.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px; margin-top:none; margin-left:none; margin-right:none;">Isótopos mais estáveis </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0px"> <table width="100%" rules="all" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Is%C3%B3topo" title="Isótopo">iso</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Abund%C3%A2ncia_natural" title="Abundância natural">AN</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Meia-vida" title="Meia-vida">Meia-vida</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Modo_de_decaimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Modo de decaimento">MD</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energia_de_decaimento" title="Energia de decaimento">Ed</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Produto_de_decaimento" title="Produto de decaimento">PD</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td><a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron-volt" title="Elétron-volt">MeV</a> </td></tr> <tr><td><sup>190</sup>Pt</td><td>0,01%</td><td>6,5 x 10<sup>11</sup> <a href="/wiki/Ano" title="Ano">a</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Emiss%C3%A3o_alfa" title="Emissão alfa">α</a></td><td>3,249</td><td><a href="/wiki/%C3%93smio" title="Ósmio"><sup>186</sup>Os</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>192</sup>Pt</td><td>0,782</td><td colspan="4">estável com 114 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>193</sup>Pt</td><td><a href="/wiki/Radiois%C3%B3topo_sint%C3%A9tico" title="Radioisótopo sintético">sintético</a></td><td>50 <a href="/wiki/Ano" title="Ano">a</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Captura_eletr%C3%B3nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Captura eletrónica">ε</a></td><td>0,057</td><td><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%ADdio" title="Irídio"><sup>193</sup>Ir</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>194</sup>Pt</td><td>32,97%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 116 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>195</sup>Pt</td><td>33,83%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 117 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>196</sup>Pt</td><td>25,24%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 118 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>198</sup>Pt</td><td>7,16%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 120 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 2px #ffc0c0 solid; font-size: 80%;"><i>Unidades do <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades" title="Sistema Internacional de Unidades">SI</a> & <a href="/wiki/Condi%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Normais_de_Temperatura_e_Press%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Condições Normais de Temperatura e Pressão">CNTP</a>, salvo indicação contrária.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa" class="mw-redirect" title="Predefinição:Elemento/infocaixa"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Elemento/infocaixa (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>platina</b> (do <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_espanhola" class="mw-redirect" title="Língua espanhola">espanhol</a> <i>platina</i>, diminutivo de <i>plata</i>, <a href="/wiki/Prata" title="Prata">prata</a>) é um <a href="/wiki/Elemento_qu%C3%ADmico" class="mw-redirect" title="Elemento químico">elemento químico</a> de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Símbolo químico">símbolo</a> <b>Pt</b> de <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_at%C3%B4mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Número atômico">número atômico</a> 78 (78 <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ton" title="Próton">prótons</a> e 78 <a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron" title="Elétron">elétrons</a>), e de <a href="/wiki/Massa_at%C3%B3mica" title="Massa atómica">massa atômica</a> igual a 195,08 <a href="/wiki/Unidade_de_massa_at%C3%B3mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Unidade de massa atómica">u</a> (78 u de <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ton" title="Próton">prótons</a> e 117,1 u de <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">nêutrons</a>). Ele é um elemento químico <a href="/wiki/Densidade" title="Densidade">denso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maleabilidade" title="Maleabilidade">maleável</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ductilidade" title="Ductilidade">dúctil</a>, tem pouca reatividade, precioso, tem coloração <a href="/wiki/Prata_(cor)" title="Prata (cor)">prata</a> branqueada e é um <a href="/wiki/Metal_de_transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal de transição">metal de transição</a>. Seu nome deriva do termo espanhol <i>platina</i>, do qual sua tradução literal é "pequena prata".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A platina é membro do <a href="/wiki/Grupo_de_platina" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupo de platina">grupo de platina</a> e está no <a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_10" title="Elementos do Grupo 10">Grupo 10</a>. Ela tem naturalmente seis isótopos. Ela é um elemento químico escasso, do qual se encontra em média na litosfera aproximadamente 5 μg/kg. Ela está especialmente nos depósitos dos minérios de <a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel">níquel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre">cobre</a>, principalmente na <a href="/wiki/%C3%81frica_do_Sul" title="África do Sul">África do Sul</a>, que responde por 80% da produção mundial. Por causa da sua escassez na crosta da Terra, já que são produzidas somente alguns milhões de toneladas, é considerado o metal mais caro e precioso.<span style="color:gray"><sup>[</sup></span><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma referência para confirmá-la." style="color:gray"><i>carece de fontes</i></span></a><span class="printfooter">?</span><span style="color:gray">]</span></sup> </p><p>A platina é um precioso elemento químico com baixa reatividade. E tem uma extraordinária resistência à <a href="/wiki/Corros%C3%A3o" title="Corrosão">corrosão</a>, inclusive sob altas temperaturas, e é também considerada um <a href="/wiki/Metal_nobre" title="Metal nobre">metal nobre</a>. Consequentemente, a platina é geralmente descoberta pela produção de um fase da platina com outro elemento químico. Como a platina é encontrada naturalmente nos <a href="/wiki/Aluvi%C3%A3o" title="Aluvião">aluviões</a> de diversos rios, ela foi utilizada pela primeira vez pelos nativos pré-colombianos da América do Sul para produzir artefatos. O seu primeiro registro na Europa data do Século XVI. Porém somente com <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Ulloa" title="Antonio de Ulloa">Antonio de Ulloa</a> vieram a conhecê-lo em 1735, porém só foi publicado à Europa em 1748. </p><p>A platina é utilizada nos <a href="/wiki/Conversor_catal%C3%ADtico" title="Conversor catalítico">conversores catalíticos</a>, nos equipamentos de laboratório, nos contatos elétricos e nos eletrodos, nas termorresistências, nos equipamentos odontológicos e na indústria de joias. Como é considerado um <a href="/wiki/Metal_pesado" title="Metal pesado">metal pesado</a>, ele conduz a muitos problemas de saúde sob o contato de seus sais, apesar de não ser um elemento químico tóxico.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Os compostos que contém platina, especialmente a <a href="/wiki/Cisplatina" title="Cisplatina">cisplatina</a> são aplicados no tratamento de quimioterapia para certos tipos de câncer.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Características_principais"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADsticas_principais"></span>Características principais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Características principais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Características principais"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Físicas"><span id="F.C3.ADsicas"></span>Físicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Físicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Físicas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A platina em seu <a href="/wiki/Estado_nativo" title="Estado nativo">estado nativo</a> é um material de <a href="/wiki/Cor" title="Cor">coloração</a> branca acinzentada opaca, precioso, <a href="/wiki/Maleabilidade" title="Maleabilidade">maleável</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ductilidade" title="Ductilidade">dúctil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lagowski_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lagowski-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Ela é mais dúctil do que o <a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro">ouro</a>, a prata ou o cobre, assim sendo entre os metais puros o mais dúctil, porém menos maleável do que o ouro.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> A pureza deste elemento torna-o mais duro que o ferro em estado nativo. A platina tem uma excelente resistência à <a href="/wiki/Corros%C3%A3o" title="Corrosão">corrosão</a>, e é um material com estabilidade em suas propriedades elétricas e sob altas temperaturas, porém ele é corroído por <a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%AAnio" title="Halogênio">halogênios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cianeto" title="Cianeto">cianetos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfeto" title="Sulfeto">sulfetos</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alcalino" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcalino">alcalinos</a> cáusticos. A platina é insolúvel em <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_clor%C3%ADdrico" title="Ácido clorídrico">ácido clorídrico</a> e <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_n%C3%ADtrico" title="Ácido nítrico">ácido nítrico</a>, porém dissolve-se em <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia" title="Água régia">água régia</a></i> aquecida produzindo o <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81cido_cloroplan%C3%ADtico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ácido cloroplanítico (página não existe)">ácido cloroplanítico</a>, H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suas propriedades físicas e líquidas estáveis o fazem convenientes nas aplicações industriais.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Sua resistência ao desgaste e sua opacidade é muito requisitada em joias de alto valor comercial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Químicas"><span id="Qu.C3.ADmicas"></span>Químicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Químicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Químicas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ver também: <a href="/wiki/Platinoides" title="Platinoides">Platinoides</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Platin_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_hei%C3%9Fem_K%C3%B6nigswasser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Platin_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_hei%C3%9Fem_K%C3%B6nigswasser.jpg/220px-Platin_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_hei%C3%9Fem_K%C3%B6nigswasser.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Platin_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_hei%C3%9Fem_K%C3%B6nigswasser.jpg/330px-Platin_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_hei%C3%9Fem_K%C3%B6nigswasser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Platin_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_hei%C3%9Fem_K%C3%B6nigswasser.jpg/440px-Platin_l%C3%B6st_sich_in_hei%C3%9Fem_K%C3%B6nigswasser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>A platina dissolve em <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia" title="Água régia">água régia</a></i> aquecida.</figcaption></figure> <p>O <a href="/wiki/Estado_de_oxida%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Estado de oxidação">estado de oxidação</a> mais comum da platina são os +2 e +4. Os estados de oxidação +1 e +3 são mais complexas de encontrar, e são somente estabilizadas por uma <a href="/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_met%C3%A1lica" title="Ligação metálica">ligação metálica</a> em espécies bimetálicas (ou polimetálicas). Como é esperado, os compostos de platina (II) tetracoordenados tendem a adotar 16 elétrons de valência. Embora a platina é geralmente inerte, ela dissolve a água régia produzido o ácido cloroplatínico aquoso (H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>):<sup id="cite_ref-Kauuf_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kauuf-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>Pt + 4 HNO<sub>3</sub> + 6 HCl → H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub> + 4 NO<sub>2</sub> + 4 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>De acordo com a <a href="/wiki/Teoria_HSAB" title="Teoria HSAB">teoria HSAB</a>, a platina tem uma grande afinidade com os sulfetos, como o <a href="/wiki/Dimetilsulf%C3%B3xido" title="Dimetilsulfóxido">dimetilsulfóxido</a>; os numerosos completos de DMSO tem sido apresentados e podem ser utilizados na seleção de solventes reativos.<sup id="cite_ref-han_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-han-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obtenção"><span id="Obten.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Obtenção</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Obtenção" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Obtenção"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Platinum-nugget.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Platinum-nugget.jpg/250px-Platinum-nugget.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Platinum-nugget.jpg/375px-Platinum-nugget.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Platinum-nugget.jpg/500px-Platinum-nugget.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5072" data-file-height="3496" /></a><figcaption>Pepita de platina extraída da mina Kondyor em <a href="/wiki/Krai_de_Khabarovsk" title="Krai de Khabarovsk">Krai de Khabarovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A platina pode ser obtida através de três processos: pela <a href="/wiki/Amalgama%C3%A7%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalgamação">amalgamação</a>, pela <a href="/wiki/Fus%C3%A3o" title="Fusão">fusão</a> e <a href="/wiki/Destila%C3%A7%C3%A3o_fracionada" title="Destilação fracionada">destilação fracionada</a> e pela <a href="/wiki/Eletr%C3%B3lise_%C3%ADgnea" title="Eletrólise ígnea">eletrólise ígnea</a> da água com <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%93xido_de_platina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Óxido de platina (página não existe)">óxido de platina</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compostos">Compostos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Compostos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Compostos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haletos">Haletos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Haletos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Haletos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O ácido hexacloroplatina é mencionado como o mais importante composto da platina, do qual serve como um precursor para outros compostos de platina. Por si só, ele tem várias aplicações na fotografia, nas gravuras de zinco, nas tintas indeléveis, na galvanização, nos espelhos, nas tintas de porcelana e como um catalisador.<sup id="cite_ref-krebs_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krebs-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O tratamento do ácido hexacloroplatina com um sal de amônia, como o <a href="/wiki/Cloreto_de_am%C3%B3nio" title="Cloreto de amónio">cloreto de amónio</a>, forma o hexacloroplatina de amônia,<sup id="cite_ref-Kauuf_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kauuf-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> que é um produto relativamente insolúvel nas soluções de <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%B4nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amônia">amônia</a>. Aquecendo este sal de amônia na presença de hidrogênio, temos uma reação de redução que produz a platina. A hexacloroplatina de potássio é similarmente insolúvel, e o ácido hexacloroplatina tem sido utilizado na determinação de íons de potássio por <a href="/wiki/Gravimetria" title="Gravimetria">gravimetria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quando o ácido hexacloroplatina é aquecido, ele se decompõe no cloreto de platina (IV) e o cloreto de platina (II) e a platina, embora as reações não ocorram gradualmente:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>(H<sub>3</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>·<i>n</i>H<sub>2</sub>O <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="está em equilíbrio com"><img alt="está em equilíbrio com" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Equilibrium.svg/15px-Equilibrium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Equilibrium.svg/23px-Equilibrium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Equilibrium.svg/30px-Equilibrium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="119" /></span></span> PtCl<sub>4</sub> + 2 HCl + (<i>n</i> + 2) H<sub>2</sub>O</dd> <dd>PtCl<sub>4</sub> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="está em equilíbrio com"><img alt="está em equilíbrio com" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Equilibrium.svg/15px-Equilibrium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Equilibrium.svg/23px-Equilibrium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Equilibrium.svg/30px-Equilibrium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="119" /></span></span> PtCl<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub></dd> <dd>PtCl<sub>2</sub> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="está em equilíbrio com"><img alt="está em equilíbrio com" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Equilibrium.svg/15px-Equilibrium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Equilibrium.svg/23px-Equilibrium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Equilibrium.svg/30px-Equilibrium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="119" /></span></span> Pt + Cl<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Todas as três reações são reversíveis. Tais reações também ocorrem com o brometo de platina (II) e o brometo de platina (IV). O <a href="/wiki/Hexafluoreto_de_platina" title="Hexafluoreto de platina">hexafluoreto de platina</a> é um forte oxidante, sendo capaz de oxidar o oxigênio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Óxidos"><span id=".C3.93xidos"></span>Óxidos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Óxidos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Óxidos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O óxido de platina (IV), PtO<sub>2</sub>, também conhecido como catalisador de Adams é um pó preto que é solúvel em soluções de <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xido_de_pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Hidróxido de potássio">KOH</a> e ácidos concentrados.<sup id="cite_ref-perry_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> PtO<sub>2</sub> e o menos comum PtO em que ambas as substâncias produzem calor. O óxido de platina (II,IV), Pt<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, é formado na reação abaixo: </p> <dl><dd>2 Pt<sup>2+</sup> + Pt<sup>4+</sup> + 4 O<sup>2−</sup> → Pt<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></dd></dl> <p>A platina forma também um trióxido, que está presente o estado de oxidação +4.<sup id="cite_ref-lagowski_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lagowski-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplicações"><span id="Aplica.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Aplicações</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar secção: Aplicações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Aplicações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Aufgeschnittener_Metall_Katalysator_f%C3%BCr_ein_Auto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aufgeschnittener_Metall_Katalysator_f%C3%BCr_ein_Auto.jpg/220px-Aufgeschnittener_Metall_Katalysator_f%C3%BCr_ein_Auto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aufgeschnittener_Metall_Katalysator_f%C3%BCr_ein_Auto.jpg/330px-Aufgeschnittener_Metall_Katalysator_f%C3%BCr_ein_Auto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aufgeschnittener_Metall_Katalysator_f%C3%BCr_ein_Auto.jpg/440px-Aufgeschnittener_Metall_Katalysator_f%C3%BCr_ein_Auto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption>Vista parcial de um <a href="/wiki/Conversor_catal%C3%ADtico" title="Conversor catalítico">conversor catalítico</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cerca das 245 toneladas de platina vendidas em 2010, 113 toneladas foram utilizados nos aparelhos de controle de emissão de poluentes (46%), 76 toneladas para o ramo da joalheria (31%). O restante, cerca de 35,5 toneladas foi utilizado para várias outras aplicações minoritárias, como nas aplicações financeiras, nos eletrodos, nos fármacos anti-cancerígenos, nas <a href="/wiki/Sonda_lambda" title="Sonda lambda">sondas lambda</a>, nas <a href="/wiki/Vela_de_igni%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Vela de ignição">velas de ignição</a> e nas turbinas.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs2010-yearbook_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs2010-yearbook-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catalisador">Catalisador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar secção: Catalisador" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Catalisador"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A principal aplicação da platina é como catalisador nas reações químicas, muitas vezes a platina preta. Ele tem sido empregado como um catalisador desde o século XVI, quando a platina preta foi utilizada como catalisador na ignição do hidrogênio. A aplicação mais importante está na indústria automobilística como um <a href="/wiki/Conversor_catal%C3%ADtico" title="Conversor catalítico">conversor catalítico</a>, quando permite a <a href="/wiki/Combust%C3%A3o" title="Combustão">combustão</a> completa em baixa concentração de hidrocarbonetos que não rendem a combustão para a exaustão de <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Dióxido de carbono">dióxido de carbono</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vapor_de_%C3%A1gua" title="Vapor de água">vapor de água</a>. A platina é também utilizada na indústria petrolífera como um catalisador em diversos processos, em especial na <a href="/wiki/Reforma_catal%C3%ADtica" title="Reforma catalítica">reforma catalítica</a> da nafta de gasolina com alta octanagem quando são ricos em compostos aromáticos. O PtO<sub>2</sub>, também conhecido como catalisador de Adams, é conveniente como um catalisador de hidrogênio, especialmente nos óleos vegetais.<sup id="cite_ref-krebs_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krebs-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> A platina metálica também catalisa sob decomposição do <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%B3xido_de_hidrog%C3%AAnio" title="Peróxido de hidrogênio">peróxido de hidrogênio</a> submerso em água ou em gás oxigênio.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Padrões_do_SI"><span id="Padr.C3.B5es_do_SI"></span>Padrões do SI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar secção: Padrões do SI" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Padrões do SI"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Platinum-Iridium_meter_bar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Platinum-Iridium_meter_bar.jpg/220px-Platinum-Iridium_meter_bar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Platinum-Iridium_meter_bar.jpg/330px-Platinum-Iridium_meter_bar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Platinum-Iridium_meter_bar.jpg/440px-Platinum-Iridium_meter_bar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4232" data-file-height="2781" /></a><figcaption>Protótipo da barra de um metro no Sistema Internacional</figcaption></figure> <p>De 1889 até 1960, o metro foi definido pelo comprimento de barra de liga de platina-irídio (90%:10%), conhecido como a barra de protótipo de metro do Sistema Internacional. A primeira barra foi feita de platina de 1799. O protótipo do quilograma de sistema Internacional foi definida com um cilindro feito de liga de platina-irídio em 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-meter_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meter-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O eletrodo padrão de hidrogênio também utiliza um pó de platina eletrolítica devido sua resistência a corrosão, e outras atribuições.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Símbolo_de_prestígio"><span id="S.C3.ADmbolo_de_prest.C3.ADgio"></span>Símbolo de prestígio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar secção: Símbolo de prestígio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Símbolo de prestígio"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Certifica%C3%A7%C3%B5es_por_vendas_de_grava%C3%A7%C3%A3o_musical" title="Certificações por vendas de gravação musical">Certificações por vendas de gravação musical</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Platinum_nuggets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Platinum_nuggets.jpg/220px-Platinum_nuggets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Platinum_nuggets.jpg/330px-Platinum_nuggets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Platinum_nuggets.jpg/440px-Platinum_nuggets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Um sortimento de pepitas de platina nativa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Como a platina é um elemento químico raro, muitos publicitários associam ele a saúde e exclusividade. Os cartões de crédito "Platinum" (Platina) tem mais benefícios se comparado com o cartões "Gold" (Ouro).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Sendo de que nenhum deles realmente costuma conter tais elementos em sua composição. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outras_aplicações"><span id="Outras_aplica.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Outras aplicações</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar secção: Outras aplicações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Outras aplicações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Farda militar, usado no ombro para comunicar a patente.</li> <li>Empregado no acabamento de armas de luxo, principalmente para engastes e detalhes em canos raiados;</li> <li>Fabricação de utensílios cirúrgicos, como pregos, <a href="/wiki/Tubos_de_ensaio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubos de ensaio">tubos para ensaios</a> e outros;</li> <li>Em odontologia protética para implantes e fixação de brocas;</li> <li>Usado nas pontas das velas de ignição dos lança-chamas a explosão e nas pontas dos <a href="/wiki/Para-raios" title="Para-raios">para-raios</a>;</li> <li>Utilizado para a produção de luvas que resistem a altas temperaturas;</li> <li>Implantes em <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">medicina</a>, como o DIU (Dispositivo Intra Uterino);</li> <li>Fabricação de instrumentos musicais, odontológicos e eletromagnéticos.</li> <li>Em medicamento no combate contra o câncer, na <a href="/wiki/Quimioterapia" title="Quimioterapia">quimioterapia</a>;</li> <li>Utilizado na indústria cerâmica como elemento decorativo em azulejos.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar secção: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os povos andinos descobriram a platina e a utilizavam como substituto da <a href="/wiki/Prata" title="Prata">prata</a>. Foi conhecido pelos espanhóis, em <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>, quando o navegador, explorador e <a href="/wiki/Astr%C3%B4nomo" title="Astrônomo">astrônomo</a> <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">espanhol</a> Antonio de Ulloa chegou à <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_do_Sul" title="América do Sul">América do Sul</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Platinum_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A left-pointing crescent, tangent on its right to a circle containing at its center a solid circular dot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Platinum_symbol.svg/75px-Platinum_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Platinum_symbol.svg/113px-Platinum_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Platinum_symbol.svg/150px-Platinum_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption>Este símbolo da alquimia da platina foi feito pela união dos símbolos da prata e ouro.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Almirante_Antonio_de_Ulloa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Almirante_Antonio_de_Ulloa.jpg/220px-Almirante_Antonio_de_Ulloa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Almirante_Antonio_de_Ulloa.jpg/330px-Almirante_Antonio_de_Ulloa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Almirante_Antonio_de_Ulloa.jpg/440px-Almirante_Antonio_de_Ulloa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5724" /></a><figcaption>Antonio de Ulloa é considerado o descobridor da platina.</figcaption></figure> <p>Em <a href="/wiki/1741" title="1741">1741</a>, foi levada para a <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Durante alguns <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo" title="Século">séculos</a> foi utilizada para falsificar o ouro, devido à semelhança de <a href="/wiki/Densidade" title="Densidade">densidade</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Wood (página não existe)">Charles Wood</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> um <a href="/wiki/Metalurgia" title="Metalurgia">metalúrgico</a>, encontrou várias amostras de platina colombiana na Jamaica, onde ele enviou para <a href="/wiki/William_Brownrigg" title="William Brownrigg">William Brownrigg</a> para investigação. <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Ulloa" title="Antonio de Ulloa">Antonio de Ulloa</a>, também batizado como descobridor da platina, retornou da <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">Espanha</a> após da Missão Geodésica da França em 1746 cumprindo oito anos de jornada. Conta-se que durante esta expedição descreveu que o processo de <a href="/wiki/Calcina%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Calcinação">calcinação</a> da platina é insubstituível, antecipando as descobertas das minas de platina. Após publicar este estudo em 1748, ele parou de pesquisar este novo metal. Em 1758, ele foi enviado para superintender as operações de mineração de <a href="/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)">mercúrio</a> em <a href="/wiki/Huancavelica" title="Huancavelica">Huancavelica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-weeks_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weeks-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em 1786, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_III_da_Espanha" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos III da Espanha">Carlos III da Espanha</a> proporcionou uma biblioteca e um laboratório para <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Fran%C3%A7ois_Chabaneau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-François Chabaneau (página não existe)">Pierre-François Chabaneau</a> para auxiliar em suas pesquisas sobre platina. Chabaneau sucedeu na remoção de diversas impurezas no minério com platina, incluindo <a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro">ouro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)">mercúrio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chumbo" title="Chumbo">chumbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre">cobre</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a>. Isto liderou um trabalho do qual acreditava que ele estava trabalhando com um metal simples, porém confiava que a rocha continha algum elemento químico desconhecido dos <a href="/wiki/Platinoides" title="Platinoides">platinoides</a>. Isto levou a resultados inconsistentes em seus experimentos. Na época, observou que a platina parecia maleável, porém quando ele ligou com irídio, ele se tornou muito mais frágil. Ocasionalmente o material sofria uma combustão completa, porém quando ligou com <a href="/wiki/%C3%93smio" title="Ósmio">ósmio</a>, ele se um material mais volátil. Depois de alguns meses, ele conseguiu produzir 23 quilogramas pura, a platina maleável foi produzida por martelamento e por compressão pela forma de esponja embora com a coloração rubro-branca. Também estudou as propriedades da invisibilidade da platina podem emprestar na produção de objetos, e junto com Joaquín Cabezas começaram a produzir comercialmente os lingotes e utensílios de platina. Isso iniciou o que é conhecido como "Idade da Platina" na Espanha.<sup id="cite_ref-weeks_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weeks-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a>, foi encontrada em grande quantidade na <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a> (montes <a href="/wiki/Urais" class="mw-redirect" title="Urais">Urais</a>), passando a ser comercializada. </p><p>Em 2007, <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a> ganhou o Prêmio Nobel de Química por determinar detalhadamente os mecanismos moleculares das oxidações do <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Monóxido de carbono">monóxido de carbono</a> em um conversor catalítico de platina.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formas">Formas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editar secção: Formas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Formas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A platina pode ser encontrada na forma <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metálica</a>. Desta forma nativa é encontrada como grãos arredondados ou achatados denominados pepitas de platina. Em geral é encontrada associada com outros metais como o <a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A2nio" title="Titânio">titânio</a>, o <a href="/wiki/%C3%93smio" title="Ósmio">ósmio</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%ADdio" title="Irídio">irídio</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1dio" title="Paládio">paládio</a> e o <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3dio" title="Ródio">ródio</a> ou na forma de óxido. Na forma combinada é encontrada principalmente no <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> <a href="/wiki/Esperrilite" class="mw-redirect" title="Esperrilite">sperrilita</a>. </p><p>Os maiores produtores mundiais de platina são <a href="/wiki/%C3%81frica_do_Sul" title="África do Sul">África do Sul</a> (mais de 80%), <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A1" title="Canadá">Canadá</a>. </p><p>Devido a sua escassez a platina é mais valiosa do que o <a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro">ouro</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Prata" title="Prata">prata</a>, embora não seja tão cobiçada. </p><p>Curiosamente a <a href="/wiki/Crosta_lunar" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosta lunar">crosta lunar</a> apresenta alta concentração de platina, porém de exploração inviável. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produção_mundial"><span id="Produ.C3.A7.C3.A3o_mundial"></span>Produção mundial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Editar secção: Produção mundial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Produção mundial"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Produção mundial em 2019, em mil toneladas por ano </caption> <tbody><tr> <td align="right">1.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81frica_do_Sul" title="África do Sul">África do Sul</a></td> <td align="right">133,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a></td> <td align="right">24,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">3.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></td> <td align="right">13,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">4.</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A1" title="Canadá">Canadá</a></td> <td align="right">7,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">5.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a></td> <td align="right">4,1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Fonte: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-platinum.pdf">USGS</a>. </p> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/platinum">"platinum (Pt)."</a> Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 24 April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=platinum">«platinum»</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.au=Harper%2C+Douglas&rft.btitle=platinum&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dplatinum&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Woods, Ian (2004). <i>The Elements: Platinum</i>. Col: The Elements. [S.l.]: Benchmark Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-7614-1550-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-7614-1550-3">978-0-7614-1550-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.btitle=The+Elements%3A+Platinum&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-1550-3&rft.pub=Benchmark+Books&rft.series=The+Elements&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/123081/AQG2ndEd_6_11Platinum.PDF">«Air Quality Guidelines – Second Edition»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2000</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.btitle=Air+Quality+Guidelines+%93+Second+Edition&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=WHO+Regional+Office+for+Europe%2C+Copenhagen%2C+Denmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euro.who.int%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0015%2F123081%2FAQG2ndEd_6_11Platinum.PDF&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|capítulo=</code> ignorado (<a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Erros_nas_refer%C3%AAncias#chapter_ignored" title="Ajuda:Erros nas referências">ajuda</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wheate, NJ; Walker, S; Craig, GE; Oun, R (2010). «The status of platinum anticancer drugs in the clinic and in clinical trials». <i>Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)</i>. <b>39</b> (35): 8113–27. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20593091">20593091</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1039%2FC0DT00292E">10.1039/C0DT00292E</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=The+status+of+platinum+anticancer+drugs+in+the+clinic+and+in+clinical+trials&rft.au=Craig%2C+GE&rft.au=Oun%2C+R&rft.au=Walker%2C+S&rft.aufirst=NJ&rft.aulast=Wheate&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=35&rft.jtitle=Dalton+transactions+%28Cambridge%2C+England+%3A+2003%29&rft.pages=8113-27&rft.volume=39&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FC0DT00292E&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20593091&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lagowski-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-lagowski_6-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-lagowski_6-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lagowski, J. J., ed. (2004). <i>Chemistry Foundations and Applications</i>. <b>3</b>. [S.l.]: Thomson Gale. pp. 267–268. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-02-865724-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-02-865724-1">0-02-865724-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.btitle=Chemistry+Foundations+and+Applications&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-02-865724-1&rft.pages=267-268&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">CRC press encyclopedia of materials and finishes, 2nd edition, Mel Schwartz , 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Materials handbook, fifteenth edition, McGraw-Hill, by John Vaccari, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">CRC contributors (2007–2008). «Platinum». In: Lide, David R. <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. <b>4</b>. New York: CRC Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8493-0488-0" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8493-0488-0">978-0-8493-0488-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=Platinum&rft.au=CRC+contributors&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.date=2007%2F2008&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0488-0&rft.pages=26&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Craig, Bruce D; Anderson, David S; International, A.S.M. (janeiro de 1995). «Platinum». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=KXwgAZJBWb0C&pg=RA1-PT8"><i>Handbook of corrosion data</i></a>. [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 8–9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-87170-518-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-87170-518-1">978-0-87170-518-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=Platinum&rft.au=Anderson%2C+David+S&rft.au=Craig%2C+Bruce+D&rft.au=International%2C+A.S.M.&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+corrosion+data&rft.date=1995-01&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-87170-518-1&rft.pages=8-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKXwgAZJBWb0C%26pg%3DRA1-PT8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kauuf-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kauuf_11-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kauuf_11-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_B._Kauffman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George B. Kauffman (página não existe)">Kauffman, George B.</a>; Thurner, Joseph J.; Zatko, David A. (1967). «Ammonium Hexachloroplatinate(IV)». <i><a href="/wiki/Inorganic_Syntheses" title="Inorganic Syntheses">Inorganic Syntheses</a></i>. Inorganic Syntheses. <b>9</b>: 182–185. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-470-13240-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-470-13240-1">978-0-470-13240-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470132401.ch51">10.1002/9780470132401.ch51</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=Ammonium+Hexachloroplatinate%28IV%29&rft.au=Thurner%2C+Joseph+J.&rft.au=Zatko%2C+David+A.&rft.aufirst=George+B.&rft.aulast=Kauffman&rft.date=1967&rft.genre=article&rft.isbn=978-0-470-13240-1&rft.jtitle=Inorganic+Syntheses&rft.pages=182-185&rft.volume=9&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9780470132401.ch51&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-han-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-han_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Han, Y.; Huynh, H. V.; Tan, G. K. (2007). «Mono- vs Bis(carbene) Complexes: A Detailed Study on Platinum(II)−Benzimidazolin-2-ylidenes». <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organometallics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organometallics (página não existe)">Organometallics</a></i>. <b>26</b> (18): 4612. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fom700543p">10.1021/om700543p</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=Mono-+vs+Bis%28carbene%29+Complexes%3A+A+Detailed+Study+on+Platinum%28II%29%88%92Benzimidazolin-2-ylidenes&rft.au=Huynh%2C+H.+V.&rft.au=Tan%2C+G.+K.&rft.aufirst=Y.&rft.aulast=Han&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=18&rft.jtitle=Organometallics&rft.pages=4612&rft.volume=26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fom700543p&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-krebs-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-krebs_13-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-krebs_13-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Krebs, Robert E. (1998). «Platinum». <i>The History and Use of our Earth's Chemical Elements</i>. [S.l.]: Greenwood Press. pp. 124–127. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-313-30123-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-313-30123-9">0-313-30123-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=Platinum&rft.au=Krebs%2C+Robert+E.&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Use+of+our+Earth%27s+Chemical+Elements&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-313-30123-9&rft.pages=124-127&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Smith, G. F.; Gring, J. L. (1933). «The Separation and Determination of the Alkali Metals Using Perchloric Acid. V. Perchloric Acid and Chloroplatinic Acid in the Determination of Small Amounts of Potassium in the Presence of Large Amounts of Sodium». <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Journal of the American Chemical Society">Journal of the American Chemical Society</a></i>. <b>55</b> (10): 3957–3961. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01337a007">10.1021/ja01337a007</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=The+Separation+and+Determination+of+the+Alkali+Metals+Using+Perchloric+Acid.+V.+Perchloric+Acid+and+Chloroplatinic+Acid+in+the+Determination+of+Small+Amounts+of+Potassium+in+the+Presence+of+Large+Amounts+of+Sodium&rft.au=Gring%2C+J.+L.&rft.aufirst=G.+F.&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.date=1933&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.pages=3957-3961&rft.volume=55&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja01337a007&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schweizer, A. E.; Kerr, G. T. (1978). «Thermal Decomposition of Hexachloroplatinic Acid». <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inorganic_Chemistry_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inorganic Chemistry (journal) (página não existe)">Inorganic Chemistry</a></i>. <b>17</b> (8): 2326–2327. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fic50186a067">10.1021/ic50186a067</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=Thermal+Decomposition+of+Hexachloroplatinic+Acid&rft.au=Kerr%2C+G.+T.&rft.aufirst=A.+E.&rft.aulast=Schweizer&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pages=2326-2327&rft.volume=17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fic50186a067&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perry-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-perry_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Perry, D. L. (1995). <i>Handbook of Inorganic Compounds</i>. [S.l.]: CRC Press. pp. 296–298. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8493-8671-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8493-8671-3">0-8493-8671-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.aufirst=D.+L.&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Inorganic+Compounds&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8493-8671-3&rft.pages=296-298&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs2010-yearbook-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-usgs2010-yearbook_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Loferski, P. J. (outubro 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/platinum/myb1-2010-plati.pdf">«2010 Minerals Yearbook; Platinum-group metals»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. USGS Mineral Resources Program<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em <span class="nowrap">17 julho</span> 2012</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120708061140/http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/platinum/myb1-2010-plati.pdf">Cópia arquivada <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 8 julho 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.au=Loferski%2C+P.+J.&rft.btitle=2010+Minerals+Yearbook%3B+Platinum-group+metals&rft.date=2011-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=USGS+Mineral+Resources+Program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fplatinum%2Fmyb1-2010-plati.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Petrucci, Ralph H. (2007). <i>General Chemistry: Principles & Modern Applications</i> 9th ed. [S.l.]: Prentice Hall. p. 606. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-13-149330-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-13-149330-2">0-13-149330-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.au=Petrucci%2C+Ralph+H.&rft.btitle=General+Chemistry%3A+Principles+%26+Modern+Applications&rft.date=2007&rft.edition=9th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-13-149330-2&rft.pages=606&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meter-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-meter_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gupta, S. V. (2010). «Chapter 4. Metre Convention and Evolution of Base Units». <i>Springer Series in Materials Science, Volume 122</i>. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 47. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-00738-5_4">10.1007/978-3-642-00738-5_4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=Chapter+4.+Metre+Convention+and+Evolution+of+Base+Units&rft.aufirst=S.+V.&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.btitle=Springer+Series+in+Materials+Science%2C+Volume+122&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=47&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-00738-5_4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HollemanAF-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Feltham, A. M.; Spiro, Michael (1971). «Platinized platinum electrodes». <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. <b>71</b> (2): 177. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr60270a002">10.1021/cr60270a002</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=Platinized+platinum+electrodes&rft.au=Spiro%2C+Michael&rft.aufirst=A.+M.&rft.aulast=Feltham&rft.date=1971&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.pages=177&rft.volume=71&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr60270a002&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gwin, John (1986). «Pricing Financial Institution Products». <i>Journal of Professional Services Marketing</i>. <b>1</b> (3): 91. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1300%2FJ090v01n03_07">10.1300/J090v01n03_07</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=Pricing+Financial+Institution+Products&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Gwin&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Professional+Services+Marketing&rft.pages=91&rft.volume=1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1300%2FJ090v01n03_07&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dixon, Joshua; Brownrigg, William (1801). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.de/books?id=525bAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7"><i>The literary life of William Brownrigg. To which are added an account of the coal mines near Whitehaven: And Observations on the means of preventing epidemic fevers</i></a>. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 52</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.au=Brownrigg%2C+William&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.btitle=The+literary+life+of+William+Brownrigg.+To+which+are+added+an+account+of+the+coal+mines+near+Whitehaven%3A+And+Observations+on+the+means+of+preventing+epidemic+fevers&rft.date=1801&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=52&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D525bAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPP7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weeks-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-weeks_23-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-weeks_23-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weeks, M. E. (1968). Journal of Chemical Education, ed. <i>Discovery of the Elements</i> 7ª ed. [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 385–407. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8486-8579-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8486-8579-2">0-8486-8579-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/23991202">23991202</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.au=Weeks%2C+M.+E.&rft.btitle=Discovery+of+the+Elements&rft.date=1968&rft.edition=7%AA&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8486-8579-2&rft.pages=385-407&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23991202&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ertl, Gerhard (2008). «Reactions at Surfaces: From Atoms to Complexity (Nobel Lecture)». <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. <b>47</b> (19): 385–407. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18357601">18357601</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.200800480">10.1002/anie.200800480</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.atitle=Reactions+at+Surfaces%3A+From+Atoms+to+Complexity+%28Nobel+Lecture%29&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.aulast=Ertl&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=19&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&rft.pages=385-407&rft.volume=47&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.200800480&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18357601&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ver também: <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_platina" title="Lista de países por produção de platina">Lista de países por produção de platina</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platinoide" title="Platinoide">Platinoide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galvaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Galvanização">Galvanização</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joia" class="mw-redirect" title="Joia">Joias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrogena%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Hidrogenação">Hidrogenação</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platina&action=edit&section=17" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Platinum&uselang=pt">Platina</a></span></b></div> </div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Pt">«A balanced historical account of the sequence of discoveries of platinum; illustrated.»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.btitle=A+balanced+historical+account+of+the+sequence+of+discoveries+of+platinum%3B+illustrated.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DPt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/platinum/">«WebElements.com - Platinum»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.btitle=WebElements.com+-+Platinum&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fplatinum%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Pt.html">«EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Platinum»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.btitle=EnvironmentalChemistry.com+-+Platinum&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenvironmentalchemistry.com%2Fyogi%2Fperiodic%2FPt.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabelaperiodica.org/platina/">«Platina - vídeos e imagens»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3APlatina&rft.btitle=Platina+-+v%C3deos+e+imagens&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabelaperiodica.org%2Fplatina%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tabela_periódica" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_compacta" title="Predefinição:Tabela periódica compacta"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; 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width:100%;" aria-describedby="periodic-table-legend"> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">1</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalinoterroso" title="Metal alcalinoterroso">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_3" title="Elementos do Grupo 3">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_4" title="Elementos do Grupo 4">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_5" title="Elementos do Grupo 5">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_6" title="Elementos do Grupo 6">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_7" title="Elementos do Grupo 7">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_8" title="Elementos do Grupo 8">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_9" title="Elementos do Grupo 9">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_10" title="Elementos do Grupo 10">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_11" title="Elementos do Grupo 11">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_12" title="Elementos do Grupo 12">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_boro" title="Grupo do boro">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_carbono" title="Grupo do carbono">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_nitrog%C3%AAnio" title="Grupo do nitrogênio">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Calcog%C3%AAnio" title="Calcogênio">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%AAnio" title="Halogênio">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1s_nobre" title="Gás nobre">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_1_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período 1 (química)">1</a> </th> <td title="Hidrogénio, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Hidrogénio"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Hélio, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lio" title="Hélio"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_2_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período 2 (química)">2</a> </th> <td title="Lítio, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtio" title="Lítio"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Berílio, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%ADlio" title="Berílio"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boro, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="Carbono, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="Azoto, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="Oxigénio, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%A9nio" title="Oxigénio"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="Flúor, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%BAor" title="Flúor"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Néon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_3_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 3 (química) (página não existe)">3</a> </th> <td title="Sódio, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3dio" title="Sódio"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Magnésio, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" title="Magnésio"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Alumínio, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Silício, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="Fósforo, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3sforo" title="Fósforo"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="Enxofre, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Enxofre" title="Enxofre"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Cloro, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Árgon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rgon" title="Árgon"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_4_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 4 (química) (página não existe)">4</a> </th> <td title="Potássio, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Potássio"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Cálcio, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1lcio" title="Cálcio"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Escândio, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%A2ndio" title="Escândio"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Titânio, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A2nio" title="Titânio"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="Vanádio, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Van%C3%A1dio" title="Vanádio"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Crômio, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B4mio" class="mw-redirect" title="Crômio"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Manganês, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Ferro, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Cobalto, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Níquel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Cobre, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Zinco, 30 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Gálio, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" title="Gálio"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Germânio, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A2nio" title="Germânio"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="Arsênio, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%AAnio" title="Arsênio"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Selênio, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%AAnio" title="Selênio"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Bromo, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Crípton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%ADpton" title="Crípton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_5_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 5 (química) (página não existe)">5</a> </th> <td title="Rubídio, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%ADdio" title="Rubídio"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Estrôncio, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Estr%C3%B4ncio" title="Estrôncio"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Ítrio, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtrio" title="Ítrio"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zircônio, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirc%C3%B4nio" title="Zircônio"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nióbio, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B3bio" title="Nióbio"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Molibdênio, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibd%C3%AAnio" title="Molibdênio"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Tecnécio, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tecn%C3%A9cio" title="Tecnécio"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Rutênio, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rut%C3%AAnio" title="Rutênio"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Ródio, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3dio" title="Ródio"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Paládio, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1dio" title="Paládio"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Prata, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prata" title="Prata"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Cádmio, 48 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1dmio" title="Cádmio"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="Índio (elemento químico), 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Índio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Estanho, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Estanho" title="Estanho"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Antimônio, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%B4nio" title="Antimônio"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Telúrio, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%BArio" title="Telúrio"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title="Iodo, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo"><span style="display:block">I</span></a> </td> <td title="Xenônio, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xen%C3%B4nio" title="Xenônio"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_6_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 6 (química) (página não existe)">6</a> </th> <td title="Césio, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sio" title="Césio"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Bário, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rio" title="Bário"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="Lantânio, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lant%C3%A2nio" title="Lantânio"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Cério, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rio" title="Cério"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Praseodímio, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseod%C3%ADmio" title="Praseodímio"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Neodímio, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neod%C3%ADmio" title="Neodímio"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Promécio, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9cio" title="Promécio"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Samário, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sam%C3%A1rio" title="Samário"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Európio, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pio" title="Európio"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gadolínio, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadol%C3%ADnio" title="Gadolínio"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Térbio, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9rbio" title="Térbio"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Disprósio, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dispr%C3%B3sio" title="Disprósio"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Hólmio, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3lmio" title="Hólmio"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Érbio, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rbio" title="Érbio"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Túlio, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAlio" title="Túlio"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Itérbio, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A9rbio" title="Itérbio"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lutécio, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cio" title="Lutécio"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Háfnio, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1fnio" title="Háfnio"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Tântalo (elemento químico), 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2ntalo_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Tântalo (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="Tungstênio, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%AAnio" title="Tungstênio"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Rênio, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AAnio" title="Rênio"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Ósmio, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93smio" title="Ósmio"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Irídio, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%ADdio" title="Irídio"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Ouro, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Mercúrio (elemento químico), 80 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Tálio, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1lio" title="Tálio"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Chumbo, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chumbo" title="Chumbo"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bismuto, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Polônio, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B4nio" title="Polônio"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="Ástato, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81stato" title="Ástato"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Rádon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1don" title="Rádon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_7_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 7 (química) (página não existe)">7</a> </th> <td title="Frâncio, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A2ncio" title="Frâncio"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rádio (elemento químico), 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Rádio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Actínio, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Act%C3%ADnio" title="Actínio"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Tório, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rio" title="Tório"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Protactínio, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protact%C3%ADnio" title="Protactínio"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="Urânio, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%A2nio" title="Urânio"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Neptúnio, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nept%C3%BAnio" title="Neptúnio"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Plutónio, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plut%C3%B3nio" title="Plutónio"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Amerício, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amer%C3%ADcio" title="Amerício"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Cúrio, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BArio" title="Cúrio"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Berquélio, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berqu%C3%A9lio" title="Berquélio"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Califórnio, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnio" title="Califórnio"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Einstênio, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einst%C3%AAnio" title="Einstênio"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Férmio, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9rmio" title="Férmio"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Mendelévio, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendel%C3%A9vio" title="Mendelévio"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="Nobélio, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lio" title="Nobélio"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Laurêncio, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Laur%C3%AAncio" title="Laurêncio"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rutherfórdio, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherf%C3%B3rdio" title="Rutherfórdio"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Dúbnio, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAbnio" title="Dúbnio"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Seabórgio, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seab%C3%B3rgio" title="Seabórgio"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bóhrio, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3hrio" title="Bóhrio"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hássio, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1ssio" title="Hássio"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Meitnério, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rio" title="Meitnério"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Darmstádtio, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmst%C3%A1dtio" title="Darmstádtio"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Roentgênio, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentg%C3%AAnio" title="Roentgênio"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Copernício, 112 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copern%C3%ADcio" title="Copernício"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Fleróvio, 114 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fler%C3%B3vio" title="Fleróvio"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Moscóvio, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mosc%C3%B3vio" title="Moscóvio"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Livermório, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Liverm%C3%B3rio" title="Livermório"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Tenesso, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesso" title="Tenesso"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a> </td> <td title="Oganesson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" class="wikitable" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">Metais alcalinos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalinoterroso" title="Metal alcalinoterroso">Metais alcalinos-terrosos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantan%C3%ADdeo" title="Lantanídeo">Lantanídeos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Actin%C3%ADdeo" title="Actinídeo">Actinídeos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_de_transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal de transição">Metais de<br />transição</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_p%C3%B3s-transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal pós-transição">Metais<br />pós-transição</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Semimetal" title="Semimetal">Semimetais</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A3o_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Não metal">Não-metais<br />poliatômicos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A3o_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Não metal">Diatômicos não metais</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1s_nobre" title="Gás nobre">Gases nobres</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Propriedades<br />químicas<br />desconhecidas </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; 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