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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Marota_Empire/_Pedi_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Marota_Empire/_Pedi_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>The Marota Empire/ Pedi Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Marota_Empire/_Pedi_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swazi_Campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swazi_Campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Swazi Campaigns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swazi_Campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sekhukhune_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sekhukhune_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Sekhukhune Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sekhukhune_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apartheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apartheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Apartheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apartheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_of_Totems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_Totems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Use of Totems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_Totems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inheritance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inheritance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Inheritance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inheritance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initiation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initiation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Initiation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initiation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Music and Arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Music_and_Arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Music and Arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Music_and_Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mmino_wa_Setšo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mmino_wa_Setšo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mmino wa Setšo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mmino_wa_Setšo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Categories_of_Mmino_wa_Setšo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categories_of_Mmino_wa_Setšo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Categories of Mmino wa Setšo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categories_of_Mmino_wa_Setšo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dinaka/Kiba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinaka/Kiba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1.1</span> <span>Dinaka/Kiba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinaka/Kiba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alternatives_to_Dinaka_or_Kiba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternatives_to_Dinaka_or_Kiba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1.1.1</span> <span>Alternatives to Dinaka or Kiba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternatives_to_Dinaka_or_Kiba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mmino_wa_bana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mmino_wa_bana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1.2</span> <span>Mmino wa bana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mmino_wa_bana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pedi_Heartland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pedi_Heartland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pedi Heartland</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pedi_Heartland-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pedi Heartland subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pedi_Heartland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Apartheid_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apartheid_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Apartheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apartheid_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsistence_and_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsistence_and_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Subsistence and economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subsistence_and_economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Subsistence and economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subsistence_and_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land_tenure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_tenure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Land tenure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_tenure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rulers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rulers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Rulers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Pedi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Pedi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable Pedi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Pedi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Sotho%27s" title="Noord-Sotho's – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Noord-Sotho's" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Педы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Педы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedi" title="Pedi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pedi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedioj" title="Pedioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pedioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedi_(herria)" title="Pedi (herria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pedi (herria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedi_(peuple)" title="Pedi (peuple) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pedi (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedi" title="Pedi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pedi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Педи – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Педи" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bapedi" title="Bapedi – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bapedi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedi" title="Pedi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pedi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedi_(folk)" title="Pedi (folk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pedi (folk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Педи (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Педи (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/EmaPedi" title="EmaPedi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="EmaPedi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedi" title="Pedi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pedi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Педі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Педі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1265850#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sotho-Tswana ethnic group of northeast South Africa</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Pedi people</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="nso"><span title="Northern Sotho-language text"><i lang="nso">Bapedi</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedi_Living_Culture_Route,_Limpopo,_South_Africa_(2417712111).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pedi_Living_Culture_Route%2C_Limpopo%2C_South_Africa_%282417712111%29.jpg/220px-Pedi_Living_Culture_Route%2C_Limpopo%2C_South_Africa_%282417712111%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pedi_Living_Culture_Route%2C_Limpopo%2C_South_Africa_%282417712111%29.jpg/330px-Pedi_Living_Culture_Route%2C_Limpopo%2C_South_Africa_%282417712111%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pedi_Living_Culture_Route%2C_Limpopo%2C_South_Africa_%282417712111%29.jpg/440px-Pedi_Living_Culture_Route%2C_Limpopo%2C_South_Africa_%282417712111%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2331" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pedi living culture route<br />Limpopo, South Africa</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">7,004,000<sup id="cite_ref-joshuaproject.net_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joshuaproject.net-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="South Africa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">4,618,576 (9.1% of population)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Botswana"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">14,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>First language</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Pedi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedi language">Pedi</a><br /><b> Second language</b><br /><a href="/wiki/English_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="English Language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a>, other South African <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu languages</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_traditional_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="African traditional religion">African traditional religion</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Lobedu_people" title="Lobedu people">Lobedu people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sotho_people" title="Sotho people">Sotho people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">Tswana people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulana_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulana people">Pulana people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lozi_people" title="Lozi people">Lozi people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kgalagadi_people" title="Kgalagadi people">Kgalagadi people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tl%C3%B4kwa_people" title="Tlôkwa people">Tlôkwa people</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Sotho-Tswana_peoples" title="Sotho-Tswana peoples">Sotho-Tswana peoples</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Pedi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data">Mopedi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data">Bapedi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Sepedi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Bopedi</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The <b>Pedi</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span title="Northern Sotho-language text"><i lang="nso"><b>Bapedi</b></i></span> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> - also known as the Northern Sotho,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Basotho ba Lebowa, bakgatla ba dithebe,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a> Sotho,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marota, or Dikgoshi<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_Pedi_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_Pedi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - are a <a href="/wiki/Sotho-Tswana_peoples" title="Sotho-Tswana peoples">Sotho-Tswana ethnic group</a> native to South Africa, Botswana, and Lesotho that speak Pedi or <i>Sepedi,</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is one of the 12 official languages in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are primarily situated in <a href="/wiki/Limpopo" title="Limpopo">Limpopo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Mpumalanga" title="Mpumalanga">Mpumalanga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Pedi people are part of the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples_of_South_Africa" title="Bantu peoples of South Africa">Bantu ethnic group</a>. Their common ancestors, along with the <a href="/wiki/Sotho_people" title="Sotho people">Sotho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">Tswana</a>, migrated from <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> to South Africa no later than the 7th century CE. Over time, they emerged as a distinct people between the 15th and 18th centuries, with some settling in the northern region of the Transvaal. The Pedi maintained close ties with their relatives and neighboring tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards the end of the 18th century, the primary Pedi state was established, led by supreme leaders from the Maroteng clan. In the early 19th century, the Pedi state faced significant challenges from the <a href="/wiki/Nguni_people" title="Nguni people">Nguni</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_people" title="Northern Ndebele people">Northern Ndebele</a> under <a href="/wiki/Mzilikazi" title="Mzilikazi">Mzilikazi</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swati</a>. A pivotal figure in preserving the Pedi state was <a href="/wiki/Sekwati" title="Sekwati">Sekwati I</a><sup id="cite_ref-southafrica.net_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southafrica.net-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1827–1861), the paramount leader who introduced reforms in the military and internal administration and welcomed <a href="/wiki/Christian_Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Missionaries">Christian missionaries</a>. </p><p>After Sekwati I's passing, his son <a href="/wiki/Sekhukhune" title="Sekhukhune">Sekhukhune</a> took control but reversed some reforms, including Christianization. From 1876 to 1879, the Pedi engaged in wars with the <a href="/wiki/Boers" title="Boers">Boers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a>, resulting in defeat and the Pedi state falling under Boer influence. In 1882, Sekhukhune was assassinated by conspirators, leading to the dismantling of the monarchy and statehood. In 1885, the Transvaal government only allocated a small territory to the Pedi, with the majority of the people living outside of it. </p><p>In the 1950s, the Sotho language committee recognized the Pedi language as distinct from Sesotho. </p><p>Throughout history, the Pedi actively participated in the struggle against <a href="/wiki/Colonisation_of_Africa" title="Colonisation of Africa">colonization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> in South Africa, joining the broader movement of African peoples fighting for their rights and freedom. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_Terminology">Name and Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rev. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Merensky" title="Alexander Merensky">Alexander Merensky</a>, a German missionary, had an extensive understanding of the Bapedi tribe, surpassing that of any other <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> of his time. According to Merensky, Sekhukhune's people were a fusion of various tribes, with the most significant group identifying as the "Bapedi" or "Baperi," meaning the "Family of the King." This tribe had settled along the Steelpoort River nearly two centuries prior, and Merensky found the name of their kingdom, 'Biri,' on antique Portuguese maps.<sup id="cite_ref-samilitaryhistory.org_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-samilitaryhistory.org-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The origin of the Bapedi name is uncertain, but it may have come from an ancestral figure or the land they inhabited. What is significant is that the tribe founded by Thobela and its various divisions revered the <a href="/wiki/Porcupine" title="Porcupine">porcupine</a> as their totem and identified as Bapedi.<sup id="cite_ref-samilitaryhistory.org_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-samilitaryhistory.org-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrica1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SouthAfrica1885.jpg/220px-SouthAfrica1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SouthAfrica1885.jpg/330px-SouthAfrica1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SouthAfrica1885.jpg/440px-SouthAfrica1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3336" data-file-height="2884" /></a><figcaption>South Africa in 1885.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Pedi_woman_breastfeeding._Alfred_Duggan-Cronin._South_Africa,_early_20th_century._The_Wellcome_Collection,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/A_Pedi_woman_breastfeeding._Alfred_Duggan-Cronin._South_Africa%2C_early_20th_century._The_Wellcome_Collection%2C_London.jpg/220px-A_Pedi_woman_breastfeeding._Alfred_Duggan-Cronin._South_Africa%2C_early_20th_century._The_Wellcome_Collection%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/A_Pedi_woman_breastfeeding._Alfred_Duggan-Cronin._South_Africa%2C_early_20th_century._The_Wellcome_Collection%2C_London.jpg/330px-A_Pedi_woman_breastfeeding._Alfred_Duggan-Cronin._South_Africa%2C_early_20th_century._The_Wellcome_Collection%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/A_Pedi_woman_breastfeeding._Alfred_Duggan-Cronin._South_Africa%2C_early_20th_century._The_Wellcome_Collection%2C_London.jpg/440px-A_Pedi_woman_breastfeeding._Alfred_Duggan-Cronin._South_Africa%2C_early_20th_century._The_Wellcome_Collection%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2512" data-file-height="3435" /></a><figcaption>A Pedi woman breastfeeding. Alfred Duggan-Cronin. South Africa, early 20th century. The Wellcome Collection, London</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proto-Sotho people are thought to have migrated south from <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">eastern Africa</a> (around the <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a>) in successive waves spanning five centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They made their way along with modern-day western <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, with the last group of Sotho speakers, the Hurutse, settling in the region west of <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a> around the 16th century. The Pedi people originated from the <a href="/wiki/Kgatla_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kgatla tribe">Kgatla</a> offshoot, a group of <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana speakers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In about 1650, they settled in the area to the south of the <a href="/wiki/Steelpoort_River" title="Steelpoort River">Steelpoort River</a>. Over several generations, linguistic and cultural homogeneity developed to a certain degree. Only in the last half of the 18th century did they broaden their influence over the region, establishing the Pedi paramountcy by bringing smaller neighboring chiefdoms under their control. </p><p>During migrations in and around this area, groups of people from diverse origins began to concentrate around dikgoro, or ruling nuclear groups. They identified themselves through symbolic allegiances to totemic animals such as tau (lion), kolobe (pig), and kwena (crocodile). The Pedi people show a considerable amount of Khoisan admixture.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Marota_Empire/_Pedi_Kingdom"><span id="The_Marota_Empire.2F_Pedi_Kingdom"></span>The Marota Empire/ Pedi Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Marota Empire/ Pedi Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pedi <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">polity</a> under King Thulare (c. 1780–1820)<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_Pedi_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_Pedi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was made up of land that stretched from present-day <a href="/wiki/Rustenburg" title="Rustenburg">Rustenburg</a> to the lowveld in the west and as far south as the <a href="/wiki/Vaal_River" title="Vaal River">Vaal River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pedi power was undermined during the <a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe</a> invaders from the south-east. A period of dislocation followed, after which the polity was re-stabilized under Thulare's son, Sekwati.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sekwati succeeded Thulare as paramount chief of the Pedi in the northern <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Limpopo" title="Limpopo">Limpopo</a>) and was frequently in conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Matabeleland" title="Matabeleland">Matabele</a> under Mzilikazi and plundered by the <a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swazi</a>. Sekwati has also engaged in numerous negotiations and struggles for control over land and labor with the <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>-speaking farmers (Boers) who have since settled in the region. </p><p>These disputes over land occurred after the founding of <a href="/wiki/Ohrigstad" title="Ohrigstad">Ohrigstad</a> in 1845, but after the town was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">Transvaal Republic</a> in 1857 and the <a href="/wiki/Lydenburg" title="Lydenburg">Republic of Lydenburg</a> was formed, an agreement was reached that the <a href="/wiki/Steelpoort_River" title="Steelpoort River">Steelpoort River</a> was the border between the Pedi and the Republic. The Pedi were well equipped to defend themselves, though, as Sekwati and his heir, Sekhukhune I were able to procure firearms, mostly through migrant labor to the <a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape" title="Kimberley, Northern Cape">Kimberley</a> diamond fields and as far as <a href="/wiki/Port_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Elizabeth">Port Elizabeth</a>. The Pedi paramountcy's power was also cemented by the fact that chiefs of subordinate villages, or kgoro, took their principal wives from the ruling house. This system of <a href="/wiki/Cousin_marriage" title="Cousin marriage">cousin marriage</a> resulted in the perpetuation of marriage links between the ruling house and the subordinate groups and involved the payment of an inflated magadi, or <a href="/wiki/Bride_price" title="Bride price">brideprice</a> mostly in the form of cattle, to the Maroteng house. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swazi_Campaigns">Swazi Campaigns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Swazi Campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Campaigns against the Pedi refer to a sequence of military operations undertaken by the Swazi in their endeavors to subjugate the Pedi people. Despite their persistent efforts, the Swazi forces faced significant challenges in conquering the Pedi's formidable mountain fortresses, which served as robust strongholds for the Pedi people. As a consequence of the Swazi's inability to completely overpower the Pedi, some Pedi fugitives successfully reassembled, allowing them to sustain their resistance against the Swazi forces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sekhukhune_Wars">Sekhukhune Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sekhukhune Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LL1882_pg008_SIKUKUNI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/LL1882_pg008_SIKUKUNI.jpg/220px-LL1882_pg008_SIKUKUNI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/LL1882_pg008_SIKUKUNI.jpg/330px-LL1882_pg008_SIKUKUNI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/LL1882_pg008_SIKUKUNI.jpg/440px-LL1882_pg008_SIKUKUNI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="1003" /></a><figcaption>King Sekhukhune 1881</figcaption></figure> <p>Sekhukhune I succeeded his father in 1861 and repelled an attack against the <a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swazi</a>. At the time, there were also border disputes with the <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a>, which led to the formation of <a href="/wiki/Burgersfort" title="Burgersfort">Burgersfort</a>, which was manned by volunteers from <a href="/wiki/Lydenburg" title="Lydenburg">Lydenburg</a>. By the 1870s, the Pedi were one of three alternative sources of regional authority, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swazi</a> and the ZAR (<a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek</a>). </p><p>Over time, tensions increased after Sekhukhune refused to pay taxes to the Transvaal government, and the Transvaal declared war in May 1876. It became known as the Sekhukhune War, the outcome of which was that the Transvaal commando's attack failed. After this, volunteers nevertheless continued to devastate Sekhukhune's land and provoke unrest, to the point where peace terms were met in 1877. </p><p>Unrest continued, and this became a justification for the British annexing the Transvaal in April 1877 under <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Shepstone" title="Theophilus Shepstone">Sir Theophilus Shepstone</a>. Following the annexation, the British also declared war on Sekhukhune I under <a href="/wiki/Garnet_Wolseley,_1st_Viscount_Wolseley" title="Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley">Sir Garnet Wolseley</a>, and defeated him in 1879. Sekhukhune was then imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, but later released after the first <a href="/wiki/South_African_War" class="mw-redirect" title="South African War">South African War</a>, when the Transvaal regained independence. </p><p>However, soon after his release, Sekhukhune was murdered by his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Mampuru_II" title="Mampuru II">Mampuru</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and because his heir had been killed in the war and his grandson, <a href="/wiki/Sekhukhune_II" title="Sekhukhune II">Sekhukhune II</a> was too young to rule, one of his other half-brothers, Kgoloko, assumed power as regent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apartheid">Apartheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Apartheid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1885, an area of 1,000 square kilometres (390 sq mi) was set aside for the Pedi, known as Geluk Location created by the Transvaal Republic's Native Location Commission. Later, according to <a href="/wiki/Apartheid_legislation" title="Apartheid legislation">apartheid segregation policy</a>, the Pedi would be assigned the <a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">homeland</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lebowa" title="Lebowa">Lebowa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_Totems">Use of Totems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Use of Totems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like the other Sotho-Tswana groups, the Bapedi people use totems to identify sister clans and kinship. The most widely used totems in Sepedi are as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Pedi </th></tr> <tr> <td>Warthog </td> <td>Kolobesodi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lion </td> <td>Tau </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crocodile </td> <td>Kwena </td></tr> <tr> <td>Porcupine </td> <td>Noko </td></tr> <tr> <td>Monkey </td> <td>Kgabo </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buck </td> <td>Phuthi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pangolin </td> <td>Kgaga </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buffalo </td> <td>Nare </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elephant </td> <td>Tlou </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlements">Settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In pre-conquest times, people settled on elevated sites in relatively large villages, divided into kgoro (pl. dikgoro, groups centered on agnatic family clusters). Each consisted of a group of households in huts built around a central area that served as a meeting place, cattle byre, graveyard, and ancestral shrine. Households' huts were ranked in order of seniority. Each wife of a polygynous marriage had her own round thatched hut, joined to other huts by a series of open-air enclosures (lapa) encircled by mud walls. Older boys and girls, respectively, would be housed in separate huts. Aspirations to live in a more modern style, along with practicality, have led most families to abandon the round hut style for rectangular, flat-tin-roofed houses. Processes of forced and semi-voluntary relocation and an apartheid government planning scheme implemented in the name of "betterment", have meant that many newer settlements and the outskirts of many older ones consist of houses built in grid formation, occupied by individual families unrelated to their neighbors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kgoshi – a loose collection of kinsmen with related males at its core, was as much a jural unit as a kinship one, since membership was defined by acceptance of the kgoro-head's authority rather than primarily by descent. Royal or chiefly kgoros sometimes underwent rapid subdivision as sons contended for positions of authority. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marriage was patrilocal. Polygamy was practiced mostly by people of higher, especially chiefly, status. Marriage was preferred with a close or classificatory cousin, especially a mother's brother's daughter, but this preference was most often realized in the case of ruling or chiefly families. Practiced by the ruling dynasty, during its period of dominance, it represented a system of political integration and control over the recycling of bridewealth (dikgomo di boela shakeng; returning of bride cattle). Cousin marriage meant that the two sets of prospective in-laws were closely connected even before the event of a marriage, and went along with an ideology of sibling-linkage, through which the Magadi (bridewealth) procured for a daughter's marriage would, in turn, be used to get a bride for her brother, and he would repay his sister by offering a daughter to her son in marriage. Cousin marriage is still practiced, but less frequently. Polygyny too is now rare, many marriages end in divorce or separation, and a large number of young women remain single and raise their children in small (and often very poor) female-headed households. But new forms of domestic cooperation have come into being, often between brothers and sisters, or matrilineally linked relatives.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (October 2019)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inheritance">Inheritance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Inheritance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Previously, the oldest son of a household within a polygynous family would inherit the house-property of his mother, including its cattle, and was supposed to act as custodian of these goods for the benefit of the household's other children. With the decline of cattle-keeping and the sharp increase in land shortages, this has switched to a system of last-born inheritance, primarily of land. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initiation">Initiation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Initiation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The life cycle for both sexes was differentiated by important rituals. Both girls and boys underwent <a href="/wiki/Initiation" title="Initiation">initiation</a>. Boys (bašemane, later mašoboro) spent their youth looking after cattle at remote outposts in the company of peers and older youths. Circumcision and initiation at koma (initiation school), held about once every five years, socialized youths into groups of cohorts or regiments (mephato) bearing the leader's name, whose members then maintained lifelong loyalty to each other, and often traveled together to find work on the farms or in the mines. Girls attended their own koma and were initiated into their own regiments (ditswa-bothuku), usually two years after the boys. Initiation is still practiced, and provides a considerable income to the chiefs who license it for a fee or, in recent years, to private entrepreneurs who have established initiation schools beyond the chiefs' jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsWinter1916_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsWinter1916-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_and_Arts">Music and Arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Music and Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Africa#Pedi-traditional" title="Music of South Africa">Music of South Africa § Pedi-traditional</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_Dancers_Performing_at_a_wedding.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Traditional_Dancers_Performing_at_a_wedding.png/220px-Traditional_Dancers_Performing_at_a_wedding.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Traditional_Dancers_Performing_at_a_wedding.png/330px-Traditional_Dancers_Performing_at_a_wedding.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Traditional_Dancers_Performing_at_a_wedding.png/440px-Traditional_Dancers_Performing_at_a_wedding.png 2x" data-file-width="1334" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Dancers Performing at a wedding</figcaption></figure> <p>Important crafts included metalsmithing, <a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">beadwork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a>, house building and painting, and woodworking (especially the making of drums). </p><p>The arts of the Pedi are known for metal forging, beading, pottery, woodworking, much more in drum making, and also painting.<sup id="cite_ref-africanivoryroute.co.za_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-africanivoryroute.co.za-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mmino_wa_Setšo"><span id="Mmino_wa_Set.C5.A1o"></span>Mmino wa Setšo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mmino wa Setšo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pedi music consists of a single six-note scale traditionally played on reeds, but currently it is played more on a jaw harp or autoharp. Migrants influenced by Kibala music play aluminum pipes of different heights to reproduce vocal harmonies. In traditional dances, women dance on their knees, usually accompanied by drums, backing vocals, and a lead singer. These dances involve vigorous topless shaking from the upper torso while the women kneel on the floor.<sup id="cite_ref-africanivoryroute.co.za_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-africanivoryroute.co.za-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Songs are also part of Pedi culture. While working, the Pedi sang together to finish the job faster. They had A song about killing a Lion to become a man; it was a bit peculiar. The act of killing a Lion is very unusual and is no longer practiced. In fact, it was so unusual that if a boy was successful, he would get high status and the ultimate prize - marrying the chief's daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-krugerpark.co.za_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krugerpark.co.za-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bapedi also have different types of cultural music: </p> <ol><li>Mpepetlwane: played by young girls;</li> <li>Mmatšhidi: played by older men and women;</li> <li>Kiba / Dinaka: played by men and boys and now joined by women;</li> <li>Dipela: played by everyone</li> <li>Makgakgasa is also played by older women.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Pedi music (mmino wa setso: traditional music, lit. music of origin) has a <a href="/wiki/Six-note_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Six-note scale">six-note scale</a>. The same applies to variants of Mmino wa Setšo as practiced by Basotho ba Leboa (Northern Sotho) tribes in the Capricorn, <a href="/wiki/Blouberg_(range)" title="Blouberg (range)">Blouberg</a>, Waterberg districts, as well as BaVhenda in the Vhembe district. Mmino wa Setšo (indigenous African music) can also be construed as African musicology, a concept that is often used to distinguish the study of indigenous African music from the dominant ethnomusicology discipline in academia. Ethnomusicology has a strong footprint in academia spanning several decades. Such a presence is evident in ethnomusicology journals that can be traced back to the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ethnomusicologists who study indigenous African music have been criticized for studying the subject from a subjective Western point of view, especially given the dominance of the Western musical canon in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South Africa, authors such as Mapaya<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicate that for many years, African Musicology has been studied from a multi-cultural perspective without success. Scholars of African Musicology such as Agawu,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mapaya,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nketia,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Nzewi<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> emphasize the study of indigenous African music from the perspective, and language of the practitioners (baletši). These scholars argue for the study of African Musicology from an angle that elevates the practitioners, their actions, and their interactions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Categories_of_Mmino_wa_Setšo"><span id="Categories_of_Mmino_wa_Set.C5.A1o"></span>Categories of Mmino wa Setšo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Categories of Mmino wa Setšo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mmino wa Setšo in Limpopo province has a number of categories. Categories of Mmino wa Setšo are distinguished according to the function they serve in the community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Dinaka/Kiba"><span id="Dinaka.2FKiba"></span>Dinaka/Kiba</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Dinaka/Kiba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The peak of Pedi (and northern Sotho) musical expression is arguably the kiba genre, which has transcended its rural roots to become a migrant style. In its men's version, it features an ensemble of players, each playing an aluminum end-blown pipe of a different pitch (naka, pl. dinaka) and together producing a descending melody that mimics traditional vocal songs with richly harmonized qualities. Mapaya<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides a detailed descriptive analysis of Dinaka/Kiba music and dance, from a Northern Sotho perspective. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Alternatives_to_Dinaka_or_Kiba">Alternatives to Dinaka or Kiba</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Alternatives to Dinaka or Kiba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the women's version, a development of earlier female genres that has recently been included within the definition of kiba, a group of women sing songs (koša ya dikhuru, loosely translated: knee-dance music). This translation has its roots in the traditional kneeling dance that involves salacious shaking movements of the breasts accompanied by chants. These dances are still very common among Tswana, Sotho, and Nguni women. This genre comprises sets of traditional songs steered by a lead singer accompanied by a chorus and an ensemble of drums (meropa), previously wooden but now made of oil drums and milk urns. These are generally sung at drinking parties and/or during celebrations such as weddings.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (October 2019)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mmino_wa_bana">Mmino wa bana</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mmino wa bana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Children occupy a special place in the broader category of Mmino wa Setšo. Research shows that mmino wa bana can be examined for its musical elements, educational validity, and general social functions<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pedi_Heartland">Pedi Heartland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Pedi Heartland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The present-day Pedi area, <a href="/wiki/Sekhukhuneland" title="Sekhukhuneland">Sekhukhuneland</a>, is situated between the <a href="/wiki/Olifants_River_(Limpopo)" title="Olifants River (Limpopo)">Olifants River</a> (Lepelle) and its tributary, the <a href="/wiki/Steelpoort_River" title="Steelpoort River">Steelpoort River</a> (Tubatse); bordered on the east by the <a href="/wiki/Drakensberg" title="Drakensberg">Drakensberg</a> range, and crossed by the Leolo mountains. But at the height of its power, the Pedi polity under Thulare (about 1780–1820) included an area stretching from the site of present-day <a href="/wiki/Rustenburg" title="Rustenburg">Rustenburg</a> in the west to the <a href="/wiki/Lowveld" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowveld">Lowveld</a> in the east, and ranging as far south as the <a href="/wiki/Vaal_River" title="Vaal River">Vaal River</a>. Reliable historians and sources also credit the Pedi kingdom as the first and dominant monarchy established in the region. The kingdom, which boasted numerous victories over the <a href="/wiki/Boers" title="Boers">Boers</a> and the British armies, was one of the strongest and largest in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a> in the mid- to late 1800s under the warrior king <a href="/wiki/Sekhukhune" title="Sekhukhune">Sekhukhune</a> I, whose kingdom stretched from the <a href="/wiki/Vaal_River" title="Vaal River">Vaal River</a> in the south to the <a href="/wiki/Limpopo_River" title="Limpopo River">Limpopo River</a> in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apartheid_2">Apartheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Apartheid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area under Pedi's control was severely limited when the polity was defeated by British troops in 1879. Reserves were created for this and for other <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho" title="Northern Sotho">Northern Sotho</a> groups by the <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transvaal Republic">Transvaal Republic</a>'s Native Location Commission. Over the next hundred years or so, these reserves were then variously combined and separated by a succession of government planners. By 1972, this planning had culminated in the creation of an allegedly independent national unit, or homeland, named <a href="/wiki/Lebowa" title="Lebowa">Lebowa</a>. In terms of the government's plans to accommodate ethnic groups separated from each other, this was designed to act as a place of residence for all <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Northern Sotho</a> speakers. But many Pedi had never resided here: since the polity's defeat, they had become involved in a series of labor-tenancy or sharecropping arrangements with white farmers, lived as tenants on crown land, purchased farms communally as freeholders, or moved to live in the townships adjoining Pretoria and Johannesburg on a permanent or semi-permanent basis. In total, however, the population of the <a href="/wiki/Lebowa" title="Lebowa">Lebowa</a> homeland increased rapidly after the mid-1950s, due to the forced relocations from rural areas and cities in common South Africa undertaken by apartheid's planners, and to voluntary relocations by which former labor tenants sought independence from the restrictive and deprived conditions under which they had lived on the white farms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (October 2019)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsistence_and_economy">Subsistence and economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Subsistence and economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pedi_people" title="Special:EditPage/Pedi people">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piccanins_and_their_charges._Overgrazed_Bapedi_reserve_near_Pietersburg,_Drakensberg_(35016470844).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Piccanins_and_their_charges._Overgrazed_Bapedi_reserve_near_Pietersburg%2C_Drakensberg_%2835016470844%29.jpg/220px-Piccanins_and_their_charges._Overgrazed_Bapedi_reserve_near_Pietersburg%2C_Drakensberg_%2835016470844%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Piccanins_and_their_charges._Overgrazed_Bapedi_reserve_near_Pietersburg%2C_Drakensberg_%2835016470844%29.jpg/330px-Piccanins_and_their_charges._Overgrazed_Bapedi_reserve_near_Pietersburg%2C_Drakensberg_%2835016470844%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Piccanins_and_their_charges._Overgrazed_Bapedi_reserve_near_Pietersburg%2C_Drakensberg_%2835016470844%29.jpg/440px-Piccanins_and_their_charges._Overgrazed_Bapedi_reserve_near_Pietersburg%2C_Drakensberg_%2835016470844%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption>Overgrazed Bapedi reserve near Pietersburg, Drakensberg</figcaption></figure> <p>The pre-conquest economy combined cattle-keeping with hoe cultivation. The principal crops were sorghum, pumpkins, and legumes, which were grown by women on fields allocated to them when they married. Women hoed and weeded, did pottery, built and decorated huts with mud; made sleeping mats and baskets, ground grain, cooked, brewed, and collected water and wood. Men did some work in fields at peak times; they hunted and herded; they did woodwork, prepared hides, and were metal workers and smiths. Most major tasks were done communally by matsema (work parties).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (October 2019)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The chief was depended upon to perform rainmaking for his subjects. The introduction of the animal-drawn plow, and of maize, later transformed the labor division significantly, especially when combined with the effects of labor migration. Men's leaving home to work for wages was initially undertaken by regimental groups of youths to satisfy the paramount's firepower requirements but later became increasingly necessary to individual households as population increase within the reserve and <a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">land degradation</a> made it impossible to subsist from cultivation alone. Despite increasingly long absences, male migrants nonetheless remained committed to the maintenance of their fields; plowing had now to be carried out during periods of leave or entrusted to professional plowmen or tractor owners. Women were left to manage and carry out all other agricultural tasks. Men, although subjected to increased controls in their lives as wage-laborers, fiercely resisted all direct attempts to interfere with the spheres of cattle-keeping and agriculture. Their resistance erupted in open rebellion, ultimately subdued, during the 1950s. In later decades, some families have continued to practice cultivation and keep stock. </p><p>In the early 1960s, about 48% of the male population was absent as wage-earners at any given time. Between the 1930s and the 1960s, most Pedi men would spend a short period working on nearby white farms, followed by a move to employment in the mines or domestic service, and later, especially in more recent times, to factories or industry. Female wage employment began more recently and is rarer and more sporadic. Some women work for short periods on farms; others have begun, since the 1960s, to work in domestic service in the towns of the Witwatersrand. But in recent years, there have been rising levels of education and expectations, combined with a sharp drop in employment rates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_tenure">Land tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Land tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pre-colonial system of communal or tribal tenure, which was broadly similar to that practiced throughout the southern African region, was crystallized but subtly altered, by the colonial administration. A man was granted land by the chief for each of his wives; unused land was reallocated by the chief rather than being inherited within families. Overpopulation resulting from the government's relocation policies resulted in this system being modified; a household's fields, together with its residential plot, are now inherited, ideally by the youngest married son. Christian Pedi communities that owned freehold farms were removed to the reserve without compensation, but since 1994, many have now reoccupied their land or are preparing to do so, under restitution legislation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ancestors are viewed as intermediaries between humans and The Creator or God (Modimo/Mmopi) and are communicated to by calling on them using a process of burning incense, making an offering, and speaking to them (go phasa). If necessary, animal sacrifice may be done or beer presented to the children on both the mother's and father's sides. A key figure in the family ritual was the kgadi (who was usually the father's elder sister).<sup id="cite_ref-southafrica.net_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southafrica.net-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The position of ngaka (diviner) was formerly inherited patrilineally but is now commonly inherited by a woman from her paternal grandfather or great-grandfather. This is often manifested through illness and through violent possession by spirits (malopo) <sup id="cite_ref-southafrica.net_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southafrica.net-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the body, the only cure for which is to train as a diviner. There has been a proliferation of diviners in recent times, with many said to be motivated mainly by a desire for material gain.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rulers">Rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulare_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thulare I (page does not exist)">Thulare I</a> </td> <td>Thulare unified many smaller <a href="/wiki/Sotho-Tswana_peoples" title="Sotho-Tswana peoples">Sotho-Tswana</a> tribes and founded the Marota Empire with the Bapedi in the seat of leadership. He died in 1824, on the day of a solar eclipse and this is the first definite date that can be established in the history of the Bapedi. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molekutu_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molekutu I (page does not exist)">Molekutu I</a> </td> <td>After the death of Thulare I, his eldest son Molekutu I ascended to the throne only to be killed two years later with the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Mzilikazi" title="Mzilikazi">Mzilikazi</a> north of the Vaal. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phetedi_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phetedi I (page does not exist)">Phetedi I</a> </td> <td>Molekutu I was succeeded by his brother. Phetedi but Phetedi ruled for less than a year before befalling the same fate as his older brother Molekutu under the spear of <a href="/wiki/Mzilikazi" title="Mzilikazi">Mzilikazi's impi</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekwati" title="Sekwati">Sekwati I</a> </td> <td>Sekwati was the youngest son of Thulare I repelled Mzilikazi and the Mthwakazi attacks by holding ground in the forests north of <a href="/wiki/Magoebaskloof" title="Magoebaskloof">Magoebaskloof</a>. Long after the defeat of Mzilikazi at <a href="/wiki/Magaliesberg" title="Magaliesberg">Silkaatsnek</a>, Sekwati I returned to the lands of the Marota and ascended to the throne as Kgošigolo. Sekwati died in 1861. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhukhune" title="Sekhukhune">Sekhukhune I</a> </td> <td>Upon the death of Sekwati, Sekhukhune challenged his brother <a href="/wiki/Mampuru_II" title="Mampuru II">Mampuru II</a> to combat in a succession dispute. Mampuru II is said to have declined and Sekhukhune was made Kgoši. Sekhukhune expanded both the wealth and military power of the Marota empire and when war broke out between the ZAR and the Marota, Sekhukhune was victorious. After another war with British forces Sekhukhune was captured and held in Pretoria. Sekhukune was later assassinated by his brother Mampuru II. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mampuru_II" title="Mampuru II">Mampuru II</a> </td> <td>There is much debate over the succession dispute of Sekhukhune and Mampuru II. What is known is that with the aid of British forces, Mampuru succeeded in overthrowing Sekhukhune and personally killed him in 1882. Mampuru himself ruled in exile for about a year before being executed by the ZAR government for the murder of his brother. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kgoloko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kgoloko (page does not exist)">Kgoloko</a> <i>(regent)</i> </td> <td>After the death of Sekhukhune's son Morwamoche II, It was decided that Kgoloko the son of Sekwati and half brother of both Sekhukhune I and Mampuru II would rule as regent until Sekhukhune's grandson and son of Morwamoche II was old enough to rule. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhukhune_II" title="Sekhukhune II">Sekhukhune II</a> </td> <td>Sekhukhune II was the grandson of Sekhukhune I and the son of Morwamoche II and succeeded his uncle Kgoloko as soon as he was deemed old enough. Sekhukhune II took advantage of wartime conditions during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Anglo-Boer War</a> to reshape the pattern of colonial relations imposed on them by the ZAR, to attempt to re-establish the dominance of the Marota in the eastern Transvaal and to negotiate favourable terms with the occupying British military forces once the ZAR was defeated. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulare_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thulare II (page does not exist)">Thulare II</a> </td> <td>Thulare II the son of Sekhukhune II died without issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morwamoche_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morwamoche III (page does not exist)">Morwamoche III</a> </td> <td>Upon the death of his older brother, Morwamoche III held the throne until his death. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mankopodi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mankopodi (page does not exist)">Mankopodi</a> <i>(regent)</i> </td> <td>When Morwamoche III died, his heir Rhyane Thulare was too young to rule and so Morwamoche III's wife and mother to Rhyane ruled as regent. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyane_Thulare_Sekhukhune_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhyane Thulare Sekhukhune III (page does not exist)">Rhyane Thulare Sekhukhune III</a> </td> <td>Had allegedly refused to ascend to the throne without his mother's blessing. Rhyane however did not renounce his claim to the rulership. Rhyane reasserted his claim for the throne in 1989. Rhyane Thulare died in 2007. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kgagudi_Kenneth_Sekhukhune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kgagudi Kenneth Sekhukhune (page does not exist)">Kgagudi Kenneth Sekhukhune</a> aS <i>(regent)</i> </td> <td>Kgagudi Kenneth Sekhukhune was the son of Morwamoche III and was installed as "acting king" in 1976 until such time as the complications surrounding Rhyane Thulare's succession was sorted out. However, when Rhyane Thulare died, Kgagudi Kenneth Sekhukhune attempted to establish himself as the rightful Kgošikgolo <i>(King)</i> of the Bapedi. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Victor_Thulare_III" title="Victor Thulare III">Victor Thulare III</a> as Thulare III </td> <td>Thulare III was the son of Rhyane Thulare and had disputed the kingship with the acting king, his uncle, Sekhukhune III. A court ruling in 2018 recognised Thulare III as the incumbent, but this was still disputed by his uncle, who declared his son, Sekwati II Khutšo Sekhukhune, the new king. Thulare III was confirmed as king in July 2020 after the court ruled Sekwati II's rule unlawful and ordered him to vacate the throne. Thulare III died on 6 January 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manyaku_Thulare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manyaku Thulare (page does not exist)">Manyaku Thulare</a> <i>(regent)</i> </td> <td>Upon the death of her son, the Queen mother Manyaku Thulare was announced as regent for the Bapedi people.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramphelane Thulare, the uncle of the late King Victor Thulare III announced that none of the late kings 5 children are eligible to ascend the throne as their mothers are not "candle wives".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bapedi nation intends to marry a 'candle wife' in Lesotho who will give birth to the heir to the throne as per the wishes of the late king. Therefore, Queen mother Manyaku Thulare will act as the regent until the candle wife is married.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Pedi">Notable Pedi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable Pedi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesetja_Kganyago" title="Lesetja Kganyago">Lesetja Kganyago</a>, governor of <a href="/wiki/South_African_Reserve_Bank" title="South African Reserve Bank">South African Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lekganyane" title="Edward Lekganyane">Edward Lekganyane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zion_Christian_Church" title="Zion Christian Church">Zion Christian Church</a> (ZCC) leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engenas_Lekganyane" title="Engenas Lekganyane">Engenas Lekganyane</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Zion_Christian_Church" title="Zion Christian Church">Zion Christian Church</a> (ZCC),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefako_Makgatho" title="Sefako Makgatho">Sefako Makgatho</a>, second President of the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a>, born in Ga-Mphahlele village</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malegapuru_William_Makgoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Malegapuru William Makgoba">Malegapuru William Makgoba</a>, doctor</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thabo_Makhanyo_Madiye_Makgoba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thabo Makhanyo Madiye Makgoba (page does not exist)">Thabo Makhanyo Madiye Makgoba</a>, Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Makhura" title="David Makhura">David Makhura</a>, Premier of Gauteng Province</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Malema" title="Julius Malema">Julius Malema</a>, former leader of the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Youth_League" title="African National Congress Youth League">ANC Youth League</a> and current commander in chief of the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_Fighters" title="Economic Freedom Fighters">Economic Freedom Fighters</a> (EFF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mampuru_II" title="Mampuru II">Mampuru II</a>, King of the Pedi (1879–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Maponya" title="Richard Maponya">Richard Maponya</a> a South African businessman and founder and first president of the <a href="/wiki/National_African_Federated_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="National African Federated Chamber of Commerce">National African Federated Chamber of Commerce</a> (NAFCOC); born in Lenyeye, Tzaneen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassel_Mathale" title="Cassel Mathale">Cassel Mathale</a>, third premier of Limpopo province</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Chaka_Chaka" title="Yvonne Chaka Chaka">Yvonne Chaka Chaka</a>, born Yvonne Machaka, South African singer, songwriter and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebo_Mathosa" title="Lebo Mathosa">Lebo Mathosa</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Meshoe" title="Kenneth Meshoe">Kenneth Meshoe</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mokaba" title="Peter Mokaba">Peter Mokaba</a>, former leader of the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Youth_League" title="African National Congress Youth League">ANC Youth League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Mokgokoloshi" title="Lydia Mokgokoloshi">Lydia Mokgokoloshi</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sello_Moloto" title="Sello Moloto">Sello Moloto</a>, former premier of Limpopo province</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trott_Moloto" title="Trott Moloto">Trott Moloto</a> former South African National Soccer coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathole_Motshekga" title="Mathole Motshekga">Mathole Motshekga</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Motsoaledi" title="Aaron Motsoaledi">Aaron Motsoaledi</a>, Minister of Health, South Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Motsoaledi" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroline Motsoaledi">Caroline Motsoaledi</a>, political activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Motsoaledi" title="Elias Motsoaledi">Elias Motsoaledi</a>, anti-apartheid activist, one of the eight men sentenced to life imprisonment at the <a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Trial" title="Rivonia Trial">Rivonia Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Es%27kia_Mphahlele" title="Es'kia Mphahlele">Es'kia Mphahlele</a>, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letlapa_Mphahlele" title="Letlapa Mphahlele">Letlapa Mphahlele</a>, former president of the <a href="/wiki/Pan_Africanist_Congress_of_Azania" title="Pan Africanist Congress of Azania">Pan Africanist Congress</a> (PAC).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_Ngoepe" title="Gift Ngoepe">Gift Ngoepe</a>, baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Ngoyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilian Ngoyi">Lilian Ngoyi</a>, anti-apartheid activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maite_Nkoana-Mashabane" title="Maite Nkoana-Mashabane">Maite Nkoana-Mashabane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Rural_Development_and_Land_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform">Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform</a>, South Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngoako_Ramatlhodi" title="Ngoako Ramatlhodi">Ngoako Ramatlhodi</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Limpopo" title="Premier of Limpopo">premier of Limpopo</a> province</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Ramokgopa" title="Gwen Ramokgopa">Gwen Ramokgopa</a>, deputy <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Health_(South_Africa)" title="Minister of Health (South Africa)">Minister of Health</a>, former MEC of Health in <a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauteng Province">Gauteng Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamphela_Ramphele" title="Mamphela Ramphele">Mamphela Ramphele</a>, former director at the World Bank, former principal of the University of Cape Town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sello_Rasethaba" title="Sello Rasethaba">Sello Rasethaba</a>, businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Sefolosha" title="Thabo Sefolosha">Thabo Sefolosha</a>, American basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekukuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekukuni">King Matsebe Sekhukhune</a>, son of King Sekwati; fought two wars: first successfully in 1876 against the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">SAR</a> and their Swazi allies, then unsuccessfully against the British and Swazi in 1879 during the Sekukuni Wars</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiphus_Semenya" title="Caiphus Semenya">Caiphus Semenya</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Sexwale" title="Tokyo Sexwale">Tokyo Sexwale</a> former Premier of Gauteng.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caster_Semenya" title="Caster Semenya">Caster Semenya</a>, athlete and Olympic Games medal winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Sephuma" title="Judith Sephuma">Judith Sephuma</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Tloubatla" title="Hilda Tloubatla">Hilda Tloubatla</a>, singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Tsoai" title="Africa Tsoai">Africa Tsoai</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_KG" title="Master KG">Master KG</a>, famous artist and composer of the popular song Jerusalema</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgosientsho_Ramokgopa" title="Kgosientsho Ramokgopa">Kgosientsho Ramokgopa</a>, former mayor of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Tshwane_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality">City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuti_Mahanyele" title="Phuti Mahanyele">Phuti Mahanyele</a>, CEO of Shanduka Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamo_Mphela" title="Kamo Mphela">Kamo Mphela</a>, amapiano artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focalistic" title="Focalistic">Focalistic</a>, rapper</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">Tswana people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_people" title="Sotho people">Sotho people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotho-Tswana_peoples" title="Sotho-Tswana peoples">Sotho-Tswana peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_people" title="Lozi people">Lozi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokoni" title="Bokoni">Bokone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-joshuaproject.net-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-joshuaproject.net_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/13990">"Pedi, North Sotho"</a>. <i>joshuaproject.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mail+%26+Guardian&rft.atitle=Calls+for+calm+over+fractious+BaPedi+kingship&rft.date=2021-01-11&rft.aulast=Koko&rft.aufirst=Khaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmg.co.za%2Fnews%2F2021-01-11-calls-for-calm-over-fractious-bapedi-kingship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/queen-manyaku-thulare-appointed-acting-queen-of-the-bapedi-nation/">"Queen Mother Manyaku Thulare appointed regent of the Bapedi nation"</a>. 21 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Queen+Mother+Manyaku+Thulare+appointed+regent+of+the+Bapedi+nation&rft.date=2021-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabcnews.com%2Fsabcnews%2Fqueen-manyaku-thulare-appointed-acting-queen-of-the-bapedi-nation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/News/bapedi-kingdom-announces-stand-in-queen-while-awaiting-candle-wife-20210322">"Bapedi kingdom announces stand-in queen, while awaiting 'candle wife'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bapedi+kingdom+announces+stand-in+queen%2C+while+awaiting+%27candle+wife%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Fnews24%2FSouthAfrica%2FNews%2Fbapedi-kingdom-announces-stand-in-queen-while-awaiting-candle-wife-20210322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/rifts-in-bapedi-nation-over-appointment-of-queen-mother-as-regent/ar-BB1eAJYB">"Rifts in Bapedi nation over appointment of Queen Mother as regent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN&rft.atitle=Rifts+in+Bapedi+nation+over+appointment+of+Queen+Mother+as+regent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-za%2Fnews%2Fother%2Frifts-in-bapedi-nation-over-appointment-of-queen-mother-as-regent%2Far-BB1eAJYB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-19953000">"Profile: South Africa's Kgalema Motlanthe"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 13 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+South+Africa%27s+Kgalema+Motlanthe&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-19953000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelius1984" class="citation book cs1">Delius, Peter (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/landbelongstousp00deli"><i>The Land Belongs to Us: The Pedi Polity, the Boers, and the British in the Nineteenth-century Transvaal</i></a></span>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-05148-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-05148-5"><bdi>978-0-520-05148-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Land+Belongs+to+Us%3A+The+Pedi+Polity%2C+the+Boers%2C+and+the+British+in+the+Nineteenth-century+Transvaal&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-520-05148-5&rft.aulast=Delius&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flandbelongstousp00deli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinsey1973a" class="citation journal cs1">Kinsey, H.W. (June 1973a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol025hk.html">"The Sekukuni Wars"</a>. <i>Military History Journal</i>. <b>2</b> (5). South African Military History Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+History+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Sekukuni+Wars&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.date=1973-06&rft.aulast=Kinsey&rft.aufirst=H.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsamilitaryhistory.org%2Fvol025hk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinsey1973b" class="citation journal cs1">Kinsey, H.W. (December 1973b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol026nk.html">"The Sekukuni Wars Part II"</a>. <i>Military History Journal</i>. <b>2</b> (6). South African Military History Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+History+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Sekukuni+Wars+Part+II&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=6&rft.date=1973-12&rft.aulast=Kinsey&rft.aufirst=H.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsamilitaryhistory.org%2Fvol026nk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsWinter1916" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Noel; Winter, C. A. T. (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siris-libraries.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!557865!0"><i>The Kgoma Or Initiation Rites of the Bapedi: Bantu Tribe of Sekukuniland</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Southern Africa Association for the Advancement of Science">Southern Africa Association for the Advancement of Science</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kgoma+Or+Initiation+Rites+of+the+Bapedi%3A+Bantu+Tribe+of+Sekukuniland&rft.pub=Southern+Africa+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft.au=Winter%2C+C.+A.+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiris-libraries.si.edu%2Fipac20%2Fipac.jsp%3Furi%3Dfull%3D3100001~%21557865%210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmiesMurrayScottWarren1953" class="citation journal cs1">Amies, C; Murray, N.L.; Scott, J.G.; Warren, R.S. (1953). "Trachoma in the South African Bantu; a survey in Sekukuniland". <i>International Review of Trachoma</i>. <b>30</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">405–</span>10. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13135066">13135066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+Trachoma&rft.atitle=Trachoma+in+the+South+African+Bantu%3B+a+survey+in+Sekukuniland&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E405-%3C%2Fspan%3E10&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13135066&rft.aulast=Amies&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Murray%2C+N.L.&rft.au=Scott%2C+J.G.&rft.au=Warren%2C+R.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongmore1952" class="citation journal cs1">Longmore, L. (1952). "Death and burial customs of the Bapedi of Sekukuniland". <i>African Studies</i>. <b>11</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">83–</span>84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00020185208706871">10.1080/00020185208706871</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-0184">0002-0184</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Studies&rft.atitle=Death+and+burial+customs+of+the+Bapedi+of+Sekukuniland&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E83-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00020185208706871&rft.issn=0002-0184&rft.aulast=Longmore&rft.aufirst=L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Northern_Sotho_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Northern Sotho people">Northern Sotho people</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/isabel_maree/6206966875/">The Loreto Mission, Glen Cowie, Sekukuniland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohrigstad.net/Overview/History-Culture/The-Pedi.html?print=1&tmpl=component">The Pedi</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa166" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa" title="Template:Ethnic groups in South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa166" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa" title="Ethnic groups in South Africa">Ethnic groups in South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples_of_South_Africa" title="Bantu peoples of South Africa">Bantu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nguni_people" title="Nguni people">Nguni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhaca_people" title="Bhaca people">Bhaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpondomise_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpondomise people">Mpondomise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengu_people" title="Fengu people">Fengu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlubi_people" title="Hlubi people">Hlubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ndebele_people" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ndebele people">Ndebele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pondo people">Pondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thembu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Thembu people">Thembu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_people" title="Xhosa people">Xhosa</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gcaleka" title="Gcaleka">Gcaleka</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gqunukhwebe" title="Gqunukhwebe">Gqunukhwebe</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gaika_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaika people">Gaika</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Xesibe" class="mw-redirect" title="Xesibe">Xesibe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fingo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Fingo people">Fingo</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Khumalo_clan" title="Khumalo clan">Khumalo</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sotho-Tswana_peoples" title="Sotho-Tswana peoples">Sotho-Tswana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_people" title="Sotho people">Basotho/S. Sotho</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Koena_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Koena tribe">Bakoena</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taung_tribe" title="Taung tribe">Bataung</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tlokwa_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlokwa tribe">Batlokwa</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pedi/N. Sotho</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lobedu_people" title="Lobedu people">Balobedu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mabelane_tribe" title="Mabelane tribe">Mabelane</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">Tswana</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Balete_people" title="Balete people">Balete</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_people" title="Tsonga people">Tsonga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hlengwe</li> <li>Xika</li> <li>N'walungu</li> <li>Gwamba</li> <li>Tswha</li> <li>Rhonga</li> <li>Hlanganu</li> <li>Nhlave</li> <li>Bila</li> <li>Dzonga</li> <li>Copi</li> <li>Ndzawu</li> <li>Thonga</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venda_people" title="Venda people">Venda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ngona</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khoisan" title="Khoisan">Khoisan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoekhoe" title="Khoekhoe">Khoekhoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nama_people" title="Nama people">Nama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandloper_peoples" title="Strandloper peoples">Strandloper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_people" title="San people">San</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C7%83Kung_people" title="ǃKung people">ǃKung</a></li> <li>ǀXam</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans" title="White South Africans">Whites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_diaspora_in_Africa#South_Africa" title="British diaspora in Africa">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Boers" title="Boers">Boers</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Dutch" title="Cape Dutch">Cape Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Huguenots_in_South_Africa" title="Huguenots in South Africa">Huguenots</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans#Migrations" title="White South Africans">Angolans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_South_Africa" title="Germans in South Africa">Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_South_Africa" title="Greeks in South Africa">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora#South_Africa" title="Irish diaspora">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_South_Africans" title="Italian South Africans">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Africa" title="History of the Jews in South Africa">Jews</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner-Jews" title="Afrikaner-Jews">Afrikaner-Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_South_Africa" title="Lebanese people in South Africa">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans#Migrations" title="White South Africans">Mozambicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_South_Africans" title="Norwegian South Africans">Norwegians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Poles in South Africa">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_South_African" title="Portuguese South African">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_South_Africa" title="Serbs in South Africa">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_South_Africa" title="Turks in South Africa">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans#Migrations" title="White South Africans">Zimbabweans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloureds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Coloureds" title="Cape Coloureds">Cape Coloureds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Malays" title="Cape Malays">Cape Malays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griquas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oorlam_people" title="Oorlam people">Oorlams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_South_Africans" title="Indian South Africans">Indians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_South_Africans" title="Tamil South Africans">Tamils</a></li> <li>Telegu/Andhras</li> <li>Hindi</li> <li>Urdu</li> <li>Gujaratis <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Memons_in_South_Africa" title="Memons in South Africa">Memons</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Surtis</span></li></ul></li> <li>Koknis</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabweans_in_South_Africa" title="Zimbabweans in South Africa">Zimbabweans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_South_Africans" title="Chinese South Africans">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_South_Africa" title="Somalis in South Africa">Somalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_South_Africa" title="Nigerians in South Africa">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_South_Africa" title="Japanese people in South Africa">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_South_Africa" title="Koreans in South Africa">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_South_Africa" title="Pakistanis in South Africa">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox683" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1265850#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85099137">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119720881">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119720881">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007531419705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Pedi people</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Pedi+people&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Pedi+people">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Pedi+people&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Pedi people</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Pedi+people&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Pedi+people">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Pedi+people&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&oldid=1272811542">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pedi_people&oldid=1272811542</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northern_Sotho" title="Category:Northern Sotho">Northern Sotho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchies_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Monarchies of South Africa">Monarchies of South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sotho-Tswana_peoples_in_South_Africa" title="Category:Sotho-Tswana peoples in South Africa">Sotho-Tswana peoples in South Africa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_May_2013" title="Category:EngvarB from May 2013">EngvarB from May 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2021">Use dmy dates from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Northern_Sotho-language_text" 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