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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ladino?</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Ladino?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nynorsk?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nynorsk?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Nynorsk?</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">4 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Nynorsk?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Catalan</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Catalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galician" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galician"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Galician</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Galician-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages_Listed?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages_Listed?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Languages Listed?</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">5 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Languages_Listed?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Split_this_article?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Split_this_article?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Split this article?</span> </div> </a> <span 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innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ParseTree.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/ParseTree.svg/25px-ParseTree.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/ParseTree.svg/38px-ParseTree.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/ParseTree.svg/50px-ParseTree.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="120"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Linguistics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Linguistics">Linguistics</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Linguistics/Applied" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Linguistics/Applied">Applied Linguistics</a></span> </td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Noun-linguistics.svg/38px-Noun-linguistics.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Noun-linguistics.svg/51px-Noun-linguistics.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="29" data-file-height="32"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Linguistics" title="Portal:Linguistics">Linguistics portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Linguistics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Linguistics">WikiProject Linguistics</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Linguistics" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Linguistics">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Linguistics</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Linguistics</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Linguistics</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Linguistics articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-unknown"><a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_Linguistics_articles" title="Category:Unknown-importance Linguistics articles">???</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has not yet received a rating on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Linguistics/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Linguistics/Assessment">project's importance 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table inactive-wikiproject"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People_icon_dead.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/25px-People_icon_dead.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/38px-People_icon_dead.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/50px-People_icon_dead.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Endangered_languages" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Endangered languages">Endangered languages</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles"> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:INACTIVEWP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:INACTIVEWP">inactive</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People_icon_dead.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/40px-People_icon_dead.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/60px-People_icon_dead.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/80px-People_icon_dead.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Endangered_languages" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Endangered languages">WikiProject Endangered languages</a>, a project which is currently considered to be <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:INACTIVEWP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:INACTIVEWP">inactive</a></b>.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Endangered languages</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Endangered languages</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Endangered languages</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Endangered languages articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/25px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/38px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/50px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Languages" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Languages">Languages</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/55px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/83px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/110px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/42px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Language" title="Portal:Language">Language portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Languages" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Languages">WikiProject Languages</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a> on Wikipedia. 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padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:#F0F2F5; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em">Section sizes</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style=""> <caption>Section size for <a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">Language revitalization</a> (61 sections) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Section name</th> <th>Byte<br/>count</th> <th>Section<br/>total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#(Top)" title="Language revitalization">(Top)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F81B1B;">4,984</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8E5E5;font-weight:bold;">4,984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Degrees_of_language_endangerment" title="Language revitalization">Degrees of language endangerment</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8F6F6;">92</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8DEDE;font-weight:bold;">6,683 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#UNESCO's_Language_Vitality_and_Endangerment_Framework" title="Language revitalization">UNESCO's Language Vitality and Endangerment Framework</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8CECE;">1,004</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">1,004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Another_scale" title="Language revitalization">Another scale</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:red;">5,587</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">5,587 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Theory" title="Language revitalization">Theory</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8E7E7;">437</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8BFBF;font-weight:bold;">13,998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Steps_in_reversing_language_shift" title="Language revitalization">Steps in reversing language shift</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F81A1A;">5,021</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">5,021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Factors_in_successful_language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">Factors in successful language revitalization</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8AAAA;">1,804</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">1,804 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Revival_linguistics" title="Language revitalization">Revival linguistics</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8A2A2;">1,978</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8DEDE;">6,736 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Compromise" title="Language revitalization">Compromise</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8B5B5;">1,545</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">1,545 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Traditionalist" title="Language revitalization">Traditionalist</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F86B6B;">3,213</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">3,213 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Specific_examples" title="Language revitalization">Specific examples</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F87272;">3,046</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:red;font-weight:bold;">58,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Africa" title="Language revitalization">Africa</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8DBDB;">698</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">698 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Americas" title="Language revitalization">Americas</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8FAFA;">17</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8D3D3;">9,269 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#North_America" title="Language revitalization">North America</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F84B4B;">3,912</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8E2E2;">5,794 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:4.8em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Tlingit" title="Language revitalization">Tlingit</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8A6A6;">1,882</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">1,882 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#South_America" title="Language revitalization">South America</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F86060;">3,458</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">3,458 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Asia" title="Language revitalization">Asia</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8FAFA;">13</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8B7B7;">15,779 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Hebrew" title="Language revitalization">Hebrew</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8CFCF;">967</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">967 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Sanskrit" title="Language revitalization">Sanskrit</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F83333;">4,458</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">4,458 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Soyot" title="Language revitalization">Soyot</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8DFDF;">617</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">617 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Ainu" title="Language revitalization">Ainu</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8C5C5;">1,197</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">1,197 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Manchu" title="Language revitalization">Manchu</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8D6D6;">825</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">825 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Spanish" title="Language revitalization">Spanish</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F81C1C;">4,964</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">4,964 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Western_Armenian" title="Language revitalization">Western Armenian</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F89191;">2,367</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">2,367 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Other_Asian" title="Language revitalization">Other Asian</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8EAEA;">371</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">371 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Europe" title="Language revitalization">Europe</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8D7D7;">804</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F89D9D;">21,889 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Basque" title="Language revitalization">Basque</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F81111;">5,211</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">5,211 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Irish" title="Language revitalization">Irish</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F86363;">3,393</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">3,393 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Scottish_Gaelic" title="Language revitalization">Scottish Gaelic</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8CBCB;">1,061</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">1,061 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Manx" title="Language revitalization">Manx</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F89E9E;">2,063</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">2,063 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Cornish" title="Language revitalization">Cornish</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8D9D9;">758</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">758 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Breton" title="Language revitalization">Breton</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8F8F8;">59</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">59 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Caló" title="Language revitalization">Caló</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8D0D0;">949</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">949 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Livonian" title="Language revitalization">Livonian</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F84B4B;">3,911</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">3,911 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Old_Prussian" title="Language revitalization">Old Prussian</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F86969;">3,247</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">3,247 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Yola" title="Language revitalization">Yola</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8E7E7;">433</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">433 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Oceania" title="Language revitalization">Oceania</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8FAFA;">16</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8D8D8;">8,119 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Australia" title="Language revitalization">Australia</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F82C2C;">4,622</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">4,622 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#New_Zealand" title="Language revitalization">New Zealand</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F89595;">2,268</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">2,268 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Hawaiian" title="Language revitalization">Hawaiian</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8C4C4;">1,213</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">1,213 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Current_revitalization_efforts" title="Language revitalization">Current revitalization efforts</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8F0F0;">242</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8E4E4;font-weight:bold;">5,288 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Mexico" title="Language revitalization">Mexico</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8CCCC;">1,031</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">1,031 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Canada" title="Language revitalization">Canada</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8DADA;">733</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">733 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Chile" title="Language revitalization">Chile</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8CECE;">986</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Singapore" title="Language revitalization">Singapore</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F89494;">2,296</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">2,296 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Health_benefits_of_language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">Health benefits of language revitalization</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F85656;">3,674</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8EBEB;font-weight:bold;">3,674 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Criticism" title="Language revitalization">Criticism</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F88080;">2,747</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8EFEF;font-weight:bold;">2,747 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#See_also" title="Language revitalization">See also</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8E6E6;">458</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8F1F1;font-weight:bold;">2,142 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Digital_projects_and_repositories" title="Language revitalization">Digital projects and repositories</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8C9C9;">1,103</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">1,103 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Organizations" title="Language revitalization">Organizations</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8E9E9;">381</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">381 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Lists" title="Language revitalization">Lists</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8F2F2;">200</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Notes" title="Language revitalization">Notes</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8F9F9;">26</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8FAFA;font-weight:bold;">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#References" title="Language revitalization">References</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8F9F9;">30</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8FAFA;font-weight:bold;">30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Further_reading" title="Language revitalization">Further reading</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8D4D4;">869</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8F7F7;font-weight:bold;">869 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#External_links" title="Language revitalization">External links</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8F8F8;">59</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8E7E7;font-weight:bold;">4,516 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Organizations" title="Language revitalization">Organizations</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8D7D7;">799</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">799 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Canada" title="Language revitalization">Canada</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8F3F3;">178</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">178 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#United_States" title="Language revitalization">United States</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8CACA;">1,095</td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8F2F2;">1,964 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:3.2em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#California" title="Language revitalization">California</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8D4D4;">869</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">869 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Technologies" title="Language revitalization">Technologies</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8DEDE;">643</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">643 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin-left:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization#Techniques" title="Language revitalization">Techniques</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#F8D3D3;">873</td> <td style="text-align:right;color:transparent;">873 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total</th> <th style="text-align:right">103,757</th> <th style="text-align:right">103,757 </th></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/36px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/54px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/72px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="40"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text">On 10 April 2023, it was proposed that this article be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves">moved</a> to <a href="/wiki/Language_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Language revival">Language revival</a>. 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Student editor(s): <a href="/wiki/User:Kc_cotton" title="User:Kc cotton">Kc cotton</a>. </p><p><span style="font-size:85%;">Above undated message substituted from <a href="/wiki/Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org_assignment" title="Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment">Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:PrimeBOT" title="User:PrimeBOT">PrimeBOT</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:PrimeBOT" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:PrimeBOT">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-PrimeBOT-2022-01-17T02:12:00.000Z-Wiki_Education_Foundation-supported_course_assignment_4" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">02:12, 17 January 2022 (UTC)</a></span><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-PrimeBOT-2022-01-17T02:12:00.000Z-Wiki_Education_Foundation-supported_course_assignment_4"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-PrimeBOT-2022-01-17T02:12:00.000Z-Wiki_Education_Foundation-supported_course_assignment_4"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id=""in_lieu_of"?" data-mw-thread-id="h-"in_lieu_of"?-2008-10-22T10:18:00.000Z"><span id=".22in_lieu_of.22.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-"in_lieu_of"?-2008-10-22T10:18:00.000Z"></span>"in lieu of"?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-"in_lieu_of"?-2008-10-22T10:18:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: "in lieu of"?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Jalopeura-2008-10-22T10:18:00.000Z-"in_lieu_of"?"></span>Number 5 under "Steps in reversing language shift" reads: </p> <dl><dd>Where the state permits it, and where numbers warrant, encourage the use of the language in lieu of compulsory state education.</dd></dl> <p>I am a native speaker of English, and I do not understand how a language could be used "in lieu of" education. Is this a standard expression in some form of English? I am from the US, and it makes no sense to me, but perhaps it makes sense in some other dialect(s). I see how a language could be used "in lieu of" the official state language in compulsory education, and would recommend changing the wording here. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Jalopeura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Jalopeura (page does not exist)">Jalopeura</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Jalopeura" title="User talk:Jalopeura">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Jalopeura-2008-10-22T10:18:00.000Z-"in_lieu_of"?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">10:18, 22 October 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Jalopeura-2008-10-22T10:18:00.000Z-"in_lieu_of"?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Jalopeura-2008-10-22T10:18:00.000Z-"in_lieu_of"?"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Old_Norwegian" data-mw-thread-id="h-Old_Norwegian-2007-10-28T06:42:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Old_Norwegian-2007-10-28T06:42:00.000Z"></span>Old Norwegian<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Old_Norwegian-2007-10-28T06:42:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Old Norwegian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Kiven-2007-10-28T06:42:00.000Z-Old_Norwegian"></span>Why is Old Norwegian a revived language? Old Norwegian is the dialect of Old Norse spoken in Norway, that later evolved into modern Norwegian. I don't see how you can "revive" such a language. <small>—Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Kiven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Kiven (page does not exist)">Kiven</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Kiven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:Kiven (page does not exist)">talk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Kiven" title="Special:Contributions/Kiven">contribs</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Kiven-2007-10-28T06:42:00.000Z-Old_Norwegian" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">06:42, 28 October 2007 (UTC)</a></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Kiven-2007-10-28T06:42:00.000Z-Old_Norwegian"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Kiven-2007-10-28T06:42:00.000Z-Old_Norwegian"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:43:00.000Z-Kiven-2007-10-28T06:42:00.000Z"></span>Akkurat! I've nothing against <a href="/wiki/Old_Norwegian" title="Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a> but it has no business here. <a href="/wiki/User:Robertgreer" title="User:Robertgreer">Robert Greer</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Robertgreer" title="User talk:Robertgreer">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:43:00.000Z-Kiven-2007-10-28T06:42:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">03:43, 17 December 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:43:00.000Z-Kiven-2007-10-28T06:42:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:43:00.000Z-Kiven-2007-10-28T06:42:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:43:00.000Z"></span>If Old Norwegian had to go, then so do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Katharevousa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek Katharevousa (page does not exist)">Greek Katharevousa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, which have all evolved into other modern languages. <a href="/wiki/User:Suomichris" title="User:Suomichris">Suomichris</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Suomichris" title="User talk:Suomichris">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:43:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:45, 7 April 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:43:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:43:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T02:38:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z"></span>The entry seems to refer to Modern Norwegian (in the form of standardised written languages), especially Nynorsk. Nynorsk isn't based on <a href="/wiki/Old_Norwegian" title="Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a>, however (otherwise it would be much more similar to Modern Icelandic), but on modern dialects that are still spoken. --<a href="/wiki/User:Florian_Blaschke" title="User:Florian Blaschke">Florian Blaschke</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Florian_Blaschke" title="User talk:Florian Blaschke">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T02:38:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">02:38, 23 August 2013 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T02:38:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T02:38:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" data-mw-thread-id="h-Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas-2006-01-19T22:57:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas-2006-01-19T22:57:00.000Z"></span>Indigenous languages of the Americas<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas-2006-01-19T22:57:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Indigenous languages of the Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Babbage-2006-01-19T22:57:00.000Z-Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas"></span>"Indigenous languages of the Americas" should be replaced with specific languages -- I'll make a list and add it here. --<a href="/wiki/User:Babbage" title="User:Babbage">babbage</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Babbage-2006-01-19T22:57:00.000Z-Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">22:57, 19 January 2006 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Babbage-2006-01-19T22:57:00.000Z-Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Babbage-2006-01-19T22:57:00.000Z-Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Ladino?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Ladino?-2006-12-24T20:55:00.000Z"><span id="Ladino.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Ladino?-2006-12-24T20:55:00.000Z"></span>Ladino?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Ladino?-2006-12-24T20:55:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ladino?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Jd2718-2006-12-24T20:55:00.000Z-Ladino?"></span>The <a href="/wiki/Ladino" class="mw-disambig" title="Ladino">Ladino</a> article says that it is in decline everywhere. Is this correct? Should it be removed from this page? <a href="/wiki/User:Jd2718" title="User:Jd2718">Jd2718</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Jd2718-2006-12-24T20:55:00.000Z-Ladino?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">20:55, 24 December 2006 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Jd2718-2006-12-24T20:55:00.000Z-Ladino?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Jd2718-2006-12-24T20:55:00.000Z-Ladino?"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Nynorsk?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Nynorsk?-2006-12-24T21:00:00.000Z"><span id="Nynorsk.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Nynorsk?-2006-12-24T21:00:00.000Z"></span><a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Nynorsk</a>?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Nynorsk?-2006-12-24T21:00:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nynorsk?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Jd2718-2006-12-24T21:00:00.000Z-Nynorsk?"></span>To be revived, mustn't a language be endangered? <a href="/wiki/User:Jd2718" title="User:Jd2718">Jd2718</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Jd2718-2006-12-24T21:00:00.000Z-Nynorsk?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:00, 24 December 2006 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Jd2718-2006-12-24T21:00:00.000Z-Nynorsk?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Jd2718-2006-12-24T21:00:00.000Z-Nynorsk?"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:46:00.000Z-Jd2718-2006-12-24T21:00:00.000Z"></span>Has apparently been removed, but its presence could've been justified on the grounds that it was a recovered language of the nineteenth century (more precisely, an amalgam of dialects which may or may not have been in danger of dying out). <a href="/wiki/User:Robertgreer" title="User:Robertgreer">Robert Greer</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Robertgreer" title="User talk:Robertgreer">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:46:00.000Z-Jd2718-2006-12-24T21:00:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">03:46, 17 December 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:46:00.000Z-Jd2718-2006-12-24T21:00:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:46:00.000Z-Jd2718-2006-12-24T21:00:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:46:00.000Z"></span>Taking this out again. Nynorsk, as I understand it, is the written form of the the "Scandinavian" spoken in Norway at a certain time. It thus isn't any more 'endangered' than 16th century English, and doesn't have a place on this page. <a href="/wiki/User:Suomichris" title="User:Suomichris">Suomichris</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Suomichris" title="User talk:Suomichris">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:46:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:45, 7 April 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:46:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Robertgreer-2007-12-17T03:46:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T03:36:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z"></span>Your understanding is wrong. Robert has explained it quite correctly. Nynorsk is a (relatively) standardised written language based on an amalgamation of <i>modern</i> Norwegian dialects that are <i>still spoken</i>, so your comparison makes no sense at all.</dd> <dd>(I might note that Nynorsk was more artificially constructed than other standard languages, but written standards in general have aspects of planning, making the boundaries notoriously murky and leading to a continuum between written standards and auxlangs/conlangs, at least the class based on groups of related languages/dialects. Standard German, for example, also has aspects of many different German dialects, including even Low German, resulting in a hybrid that is distinctive and notably different, <i>on every linguistic level</i>, from any traditional German dialect ever spoken. However, that's the outcome of a more organic development, which, on the other hand, still involved a lot of conscious meddling with the language. This aspect is often severely underestimated. Just think of the neologisms in Basque, some of which were made up out of thin air by Larramendi and others, especially so-called purists – it's not usually called purism, though, but instead praised for enriching and furthering the language, once coinages prove successful and become deeply imbedded in the language, such as creations of medieval German monks –, or think of Turkish, where neologisms from various sources, including wholesale invention, were also introduced successfully; or think of Estonian, for which Johannes Aavik not only invented <i>words</i>, but even certain <i>word forms</i>, yes, <i>morphology</i>, some of which became an accepted part of the language.)</dd> <dd>That said, Ivar Aasen didn't really set out to revitalise Norwegian as such (given that it was not seriously endangered in the 19th century – let alone extinct – as a spoken everyday language), but its written tradition (the term <i>Nynorsk</i>, New Norwegian, was a conscious reference to <i>Mellomnorsk</i>, Middle Norwegian, as Nynorsk was supposed to be its modern continuation).</dd> <dd>(However, Aasen may have felt that Norwegian was very vulnerable to Danish influence and mixing because of the close relatedness and resemblance of the two languages. Aasen's goal was indeed to sharpen the profile of Norwegian and to help to preserve its distinctiveness and identity, though when writers and printers intentionally worked to make Swedish and Danish orthography and vocabulary diverge from the 16th century on, that was basically the same thing! Or just think of how the differences between Czech and Slovak are consciously being exaggerated now, let alone even more similar languages or languages that are basically different national standards of the same dialect.)</dd> <dd>I'd say Nynorsk is a somewhat special case. It's more akin to Occitan and Low German revivalism or to the cases of Irish and Scottish Gaelic, but here the complication is that the languages in question are seriously endangered, and were already endangered to an extent when the revivalist movements started, at least more than Norwegian was in the 19th century (though to Aasen and certainly others, it must sure have looked like Danish was about to replace Norwegian completely in a few generations; the Bokmål-type hybrid of Norwegian core structure with lots of Danish influences, especially in lexicon, must already have existed at the time anyway). But here as well, the boundaries are murky. Whether Norwegian was in serious danger of going extinct in the long term in the 19th century is a matter of subjective judgment, even for us, despite our hindsight. --<a href="/wiki/User:Florian_Blaschke" title="User:Florian Blaschke">Florian Blaschke</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Florian_Blaschke" title="User talk:Florian Blaschke">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T03:36:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">03:36, 23 August 2013 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T03:36:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T03:36:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Catalan" data-mw-thread-id="h-Catalan-2007-07-16T08:06:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Catalan-2007-07-16T08:06:00.000Z"></span>Catalan<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Catalan-2007-07-16T08:06:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Catalan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Purplefire-2007-07-16T08:06:00.000Z-Catalan"></span>I wouldn't say Catalan has ever been an endangered language as a whole, particularly in Catalonia. It was a banned language, which is different. Nowadays it may be considered endangered, though, in France and Italy. <a href="/wiki/User:Purplefire" title="User:Purplefire">Purplefire</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Purplefire-2007-07-16T08:06:00.000Z-Catalan" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">08:06, 16 July 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Purplefire-2007-07-16T08:06:00.000Z-Catalan"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Purplefire-2007-07-16T08:06:00.000Z-Catalan"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Galician" data-mw-thread-id="h-Galician-2008-03-03T18:48:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Galician-2008-03-03T18:48:00.000Z"></span>Galician<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Galician-2008-03-03T18:48:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Galician"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-213.60.79.142-2008-03-03T18:48:00.000Z-Galician"></span>I don't understand how Galician, spoken and/or understood by the vast majority of the population at the time it was made a joint co-offciial language following the demise of the Franco regime could ne "revived". Whether or not it is actually enjoying a social revival is also a moot question. Surely this article should be claerer about wahat is meant by "revival" as opposed to standardisation of fully normal social usage of a language. <a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implijer:Neal" class="extiw" title="br:Implijer:Neal">Neal</a> <small>—Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/213.60.79.142" title="Special:Contributions/213.60.79.142">213.60.79.142</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:213.60.79.142&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:213.60.79.142 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-213.60.79.142-2008-03-03T18:48:00.000Z-Galician" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">18:48, 3 March 2008 (UTC)</a></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-213.60.79.142-2008-03-03T18:48:00.000Z-Galician"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-213.60.79.142-2008-03-03T18:48:00.000Z-Galician"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Languages_Listed?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Languages_Listed?-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z"><span id="Languages_Listed.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Languages_Listed?-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z"></span>Languages Listed?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Languages_Listed?-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Languages Listed?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?"></span>A lot of the languages listed seem odd to include as examples of 'language revitalization', especially Czech (with 12 million speakers), Basque (with more than 1 million), and Taiwanese (with between 15 and 49 million speakers). On the ground language revitalization is usually working with only a few speakers (if any) on languages. I wonder about making two categories for this page: a section for languages with language populations of speakers, but which are still under threat (such as Basque), and languages, for example, of North America, with a very low number of speakers. These situations warrant different treatments, I think. It would also be nice to have citations that these languages listed are 'endangered'. </p><p>Thoughts? <a href="/wiki/User:Suomichris" title="User:Suomichris">Suomichris</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Suomichris" title="User talk:Suomichris">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:45, 7 April 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Suomichris-2008-04-07T21:45:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?"></span> </p> <ul><li><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Nairam-2008-12-07T21:46:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?"></span>You miss one important point: some of the languages you consider inapropriate for the list had indeed been endangered and revitalised in the past. For example, Czech in the 19th century. Nowadays, Czech does have 10 million speakers or so, but this concerns the present time, not the 19th century.</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Nairam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Nairam (page does not exist)">Nairam</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Nairam" title="User talk:Nairam">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Nairam-2008-12-07T21:46:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:46, 7 December 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Nairam-2008-12-07T21:46:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Nairam-2008-12-07T21:46:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?"></span> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Yobmod-2008-12-10T17:14:00.000Z-Nairam-2008-12-07T21:46:00.000Z"></span>And when was it endangered? The Czech language article makes no mention of it ever being so.<a href="/wiki/User:Yobmod" title="User:Yobmod">Yobmod</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Yobmod" title="User talk:Yobmod">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Yobmod-2008-12-10T17:14:00.000Z-Nairam-2008-12-07T21:46:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:14, 10 December 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Yobmod-2008-12-10T17:14:00.000Z-Nairam-2008-12-07T21:46:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Yobmod-2008-12-10T17:14:00.000Z-Nairam-2008-12-07T21:46:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Czech_National_Revival" title="Czech National Revival"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Man_vyi-2009-02-27T14:44:00.000Z-Yobmod-2008-12-10T17:14:00.000Z"></span>Czech National Revival</a> is relevant for the revitalization of Czech. <a href="/wiki/User:Man_vyi" title="User:Man vyi">Man vyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Man_vyi" title="User talk:Man vyi">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Man_vyi-2009-02-27T14:44:00.000Z-Yobmod-2008-12-10T17:14:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:44, 27 February 2009 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Man_vyi-2009-02-27T14:44:00.000Z-Yobmod-2008-12-10T17:14:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Man_vyi-2009-02-27T14:44:00.000Z-Yobmod-2008-12-10T17:14:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl><p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Gailtb-2009-02-27T14:07:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?"></span> Unicted for months moved from article for citing:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style></p><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawai'ian</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_language" title="Leonese language">Leonese</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">West Frisian</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>I'm just glancing through the contents list of Fishman (2001). Irish, Frisian, Basque, Catalan and Ainu all appear in chapter titles. I've tried to widen the definition at the beginning of the article. Fishman uses the term threatened, or weaker language. The majority of the world's languages probably fall into that category. But listing them all here is not going to be very useful. Perhaps we should just focus on key examples, of which Hebrew has to be one. Cornish and Irish revitalisation are also described in Wikipedia, so there seem like useful examples for further reading. <a href="/wiki/User:Gailtb" title="User:Gailtb">Gailtb</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Gailtb" title="User talk:Gailtb">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Gailtb-2009-02-27T14:07:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:07, 27 February 2009 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Gailtb-2009-02-27T14:07:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Gailtb-2009-02-27T14:07:00.000Z-Languages_Listed?"></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232521257">.mw-parser-output .reflist-talk{margin:auto 0;border:1px dashed var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:4px;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-talk-title{font-weight:bold}</style><div class="reflist-talk"> <p class="reflist-talk-title">References</p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smolicz, J. J. & Radzik, R. (2004). Belarusian as an endangered language: Can the mother tongue of an independent state be made to die? <i>International Journal of Educational Development</i> 24 (5), 511–528.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Split_this_article?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Split_this_article?-2008-04-09T19:34:00.000Z"><span id="Split_this_article.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Split_this_article?-2008-04-09T19:34:00.000Z"></span>Split this article?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Split_this_article?-2008-04-09T19:34:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Split this article?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Suomichris-2008-04-09T19:34:00.000Z-Split_this_article?"></span>In thinking about this article yesterday, I wonder if there isn't space for two articles. 'Language revitalization' on the one hand, to cover endangered languages and attempts to revive them, and 'Language revival', which could cover efforts to promote languages such as Latin, Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, etc., which are not dead in that they have descendant languages. </p><p>Thoughts on this? Another possibility would be to put a separate section in 'language revitalization' to clarify how it is different than efforts to promote Latin, Sanskrit, etc. </p><p><a href="/wiki/User:Suomichris" title="User:Suomichris">Suomichris</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Suomichris" title="User talk:Suomichris">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Suomichris-2008-04-09T19:34:00.000Z-Split_this_article?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:34, 9 April 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Suomichris-2008-04-09T19:34:00.000Z-Split_this_article?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Suomichris-2008-04-09T19:34:00.000Z-Split_this_article?"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T14:07:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-09T19:34:00.000Z"></span>A separate section sounds good to me. At the very least, I'd say that a qualifier would require <i>actual communication</i> in the language, not merely (for example) translating or writing things into the language. For instance, I'm a speaker of Old English, and there are a few people whom I communicate with, and this is often our medium of choice. <a href="/wiki/User:W%C5%8Ddenhelm" title="User:Wōdenhelm">— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:W%C5%8Ddenhelm" title="User talk:Wōdenhelm">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T14:07:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-09T19:34:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:07, 7 March 2009 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T14:07:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-09T19:34:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T14:07:00.000Z-Suomichris-2008-04-09T19:34:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="No_criticism?" data-mw-thread-id="h-No_criticism?-2008-08-23T23:42:00.000Z"><span id="No_criticism.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-No_criticism?-2008-08-23T23:42:00.000Z"></span>No criticism?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-No_criticism?-2008-08-23T23:42:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: No criticism?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Titanium_Dragon-2008-08-23T23:42:00.000Z-No_criticism?"></span>There's no section on criticism of language revitalization, while there probably should be. Many people have criticized it as being divisive and keeping people poor or isolated from the larger world culture, as it isolates them by preventing them from communicating as well. <a href="/wiki/User:Titanium_Dragon" title="User:Titanium Dragon">Titanium Dragon</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Titanium_Dragon" title="User talk:Titanium Dragon">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Titanium_Dragon-2008-08-23T23:42:00.000Z-No_criticism?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">23:42, 23 August 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Titanium_Dragon-2008-08-23T23:42:00.000Z-No_criticism?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Titanium_Dragon-2008-08-23T23:42:00.000Z-No_criticism?"></span> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-70.50.46.202-2009-01-25T08:24:00.000Z-Titanium_Dragon-2008-08-23T23:42:00.000Z"></span>I do not think such section is needed. As it speaks of reviving languages, not promoting monolingualism and poor education. Nothing prevents bein open to the world numerous cultures and economy in your own language. Easy example : Wikipedia in many endangered languages. Though critics might have a purpose if the article refers to a specific case promoting monolingualism. Which I think it is not the case for the moment. <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/70.50.46.202" title="Special:Contributions/70.50.46.202">70.50.46.202</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:70.50.46.202&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:70.50.46.202 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-70.50.46.202-2009-01-25T08:24:00.000Z-Titanium_Dragon-2008-08-23T23:42:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">08:24, 25 January 2009 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-70.50.46.202-2009-01-25T08:24:00.000Z-Titanium_Dragon-2008-08-23T23:42:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-70.50.46.202-2009-01-25T08:24:00.000Z-Titanium_Dragon-2008-08-23T23:42:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Babbage-2010-06-15T06:59:00.000Z-70.50.46.202-2009-01-25T08:24:00.000Z"></span>While I happen to believe that revitalization is a worthwhile goal, I support the need for a section on criticism of the endeavor. Such a section would be useful even to supporters of revitalization, as it would help them to be more informed. <a href="/wiki/User:Babbage" title="User:Babbage">babbage</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Babbage" title="User talk:Babbage">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Babbage-2010-06-15T06:59:00.000Z-70.50.46.202-2009-01-25T08:24:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">06:59, 15 June 2010 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Babbage-2010-06-15T06:59:00.000Z-70.50.46.202-2009-01-25T08:24:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Babbage-2010-06-15T06:59:00.000Z-70.50.46.202-2009-01-25T08:24:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Disputed" data-mw-thread-id="h-Disputed-2008-12-03T16:31:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Disputed-2008-12-03T16:31:00.000Z"></span>Disputed<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Disputed-2008-12-03T16:31:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Disputed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Yobmod-2008-12-03T16:31:00.000Z-Disputed"></span>Many of the supposedly "revived" languages discussed here were never even endangered, let alone near extinction. Either the definition is wrong, or the examples are, either way this article is original research and in desperate need of citations.<a href="/wiki/User:Yobmod" title="User:Yobmod">Yobmod</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Yobmod" title="User talk:Yobmod">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Yobmod-2008-12-03T16:31:00.000Z-Disputed" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">16:31, 3 December 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Yobmod-2008-12-03T16:31:00.000Z-Disputed"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Yobmod-2008-12-03T16:31:00.000Z-Disputed"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Anglo-Saxon" data-mw-thread-id="h-Anglo-Saxon-2009-03-07T13:59:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Anglo-Saxon-2009-03-07T13:59:00.000Z"></span>Anglo-Saxon<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Anglo-Saxon-2009-03-07T13:59:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Anglo-Saxon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T13:59:00.000Z-Anglo-Saxon"></span>I'm just asking (I have no intention of inserting this into the article at all), would the <a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ang:">recent minor revival</a> of <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a> be considered a legitimate (or even semi) language revitalization? I know of several people who speak it, and some of us actually use it as a preferred means of communication, but there arent any modern native speakers– yet. So far, its primary use is among those interested in ancient European history, as well as adherents to <a href="/wiki/Germanic_Neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic Neopaganism">Heathenry</a>. <a href="/wiki/User:W%C5%8Ddenhelm" title="User:Wōdenhelm">— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:W%C5%8Ddenhelm" title="User talk:Wōdenhelm">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T13:59:00.000Z-Anglo-Saxon" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">13:59, 7 March 2009 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T13:59:00.000Z-Anglo-Saxon"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T13:59:00.000Z-Anglo-Saxon"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Akerbeltz-2010-06-15T21:17:00.000Z-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T13:59:00.000Z"></span>Interesting question but I would hazard a guess that it doesn't count as language revival if a community is not aiming to establish at least a nucleus of native speakers. <a href="/wiki/Manx" class="mw-disambig" title="Manx">Manx</a> is small but definitely has always aimed for neo-native speakers. Same goes for <a href="/wiki/Palawa_kani" title="Palawa kani">Palawa kani</a>. <a href="/wiki/User:Akerbeltz" title="User:Akerbeltz">Akerbeltz</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Akerbeltz" title="User talk:Akerbeltz">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Akerbeltz-2010-06-15T21:17:00.000Z-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T13:59:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:17, 15 June 2010 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Akerbeltz-2010-06-15T21:17:00.000Z-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T13:59:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Akerbeltz-2010-06-15T21:17:00.000Z-Wōdenhelm-2009-03-07T13:59:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Criticism" data-mw-thread-id="h-Criticism-2013-07-26T21:21:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Criticism-2013-07-26T21:21:00.000Z"></span>Criticism<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Criticism-2013-07-26T21:21:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Joshisanonymous-2013-07-26T21:21:00.000Z-Criticism"></span>I removed the line about many linguists not caring about revitalization because the source given, a book on revitalization by Tasaku Tsunoda is not likely to support such an assertion. I haven't read the book, but I checked a peer-reviewed book review, written by another linguist who works in revitalization, who did not mention or seem concerned about anything in the book being against revitalization efforts. I suppose there could be a line or two about linguists' lack of concern as a description of the problems revitalization efforts face, but in that case those linguists should probably be referenced. As it was, it appeared that Tsunoda was against revitalization, which is disingenuous. Feel free to add the line back in if you have a more reasonable source, though. <small><span class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Joshisanonymous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Joshisanonymous (page does not exist)">Joshisanonymous</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Joshisanonymous" title="User talk:Joshisanonymous">talk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Joshisanonymous" title="Special:Contributions/Joshisanonymous">contribs</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Joshisanonymous-2013-07-26T21:21:00.000Z-Criticism" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:21, 26 July 2013 (UTC)</a></span></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Joshisanonymous-2013-07-26T21:21:00.000Z-Criticism"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Joshisanonymous-2013-07-26T21:21:00.000Z-Criticism"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T04:12:00.000Z-Joshisanonymous-2013-07-26T21:21:00.000Z"></span>Keep in mind the possibility that Tsunoda talks about <i>other</i> linguists, not himself. Moreover, reading a review isn't an acceptable substitute for checking what the book <i>actually says</i>, so you shouldn't be surprised that your edit was undone. That said, you do have a point: a verbatim quote from the book would be helpful. --<a href="/wiki/User:Florian_Blaschke" title="User:Florian Blaschke">Florian Blaschke</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Florian_Blaschke" title="User talk:Florian Blaschke">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T04:12:00.000Z-Joshisanonymous-2013-07-26T21:21:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">04:12, 23 August 2013 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T04:12:00.000Z-Joshisanonymous-2013-07-26T21:21:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T04:12:00.000Z-Joshisanonymous-2013-07-26T21:21:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Joshisanonymous-2013-08-25T17:19:00.000Z-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T04:12:00.000Z"></span>Fair enough. I've since checked the cited pages on Google Books and he is in fact referring to other linguists. Shouldn't the page at least refer directly to Tsunoda's sources instead of Tsunoda, though? <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Joshisanonymous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Joshisanonymous (page does not exist)">Joshisanonymous</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Joshisanonymous" title="User talk:Joshisanonymous">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Joshisanonymous-2013-08-25T17:19:00.000Z-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T04:12:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:19, 25 August 2013 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Joshisanonymous-2013-08-25T17:19:00.000Z-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T04:12:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Joshisanonymous-2013-08-25T17:19:00.000Z-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-23T04:12:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-25T21:34:00.000Z-Joshisanonymous-2013-08-25T17:19:00.000Z"></span>That depends on what these sources say, and how many there are. It doesn't make sense to refer to, say, a dozen or even only half a dozen linguists who say they don't care about revitalisation because 1) it would be cumbersome to list them all 2) these sources would need to be checked first (to avoid misrepresenting them too), and they may not be freely available in Google Books or elsewhere online 3) we should use summaries and review-style articles 4) we should not use primary sources 5) the sampling is not necessarily representative (what if there are 20 more linguists who say they do care?) 6) we should not engage in compilation (synthesis!) or OR. There's nothing wrong with referring to Tsunoda's reporting of other linguists' attitudes, and in fact, it is the much easier and better solution. --<a href="/wiki/User:Florian_Blaschke" title="User:Florian Blaschke">Florian Blaschke</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Florian_Blaschke" title="User talk:Florian Blaschke">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-25T21:34:00.000Z-Joshisanonymous-2013-08-25T17:19:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:34, 25 August 2013 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-25T21:34:00.000Z-Joshisanonymous-2013-08-25T17:19:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Florian_Blaschke-2013-08-25T21:34:00.000Z-Joshisanonymous-2013-08-25T17:19:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id=""Lovers"" data-mw-thread-id="h-"Lovers"-2016-04-24T17:27:00.000Z"><span id=".22Lovers.22"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-"Lovers"-2016-04-24T17:27:00.000Z"></span>"Lovers"<span data-mw-comment-end="h-"Lovers"-2016-04-24T17:27:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: "Lovers""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-46.189.28.182-2016-04-24T17:27:00.000Z-"Lovers""></span>We're told that "some lovers" are revitalising Manx. This strikes me as comical (and incorrect) use of English, since "lovers" without any further qualification (such as "art lovers" or "pasta lovers") can really only mean people in a sexual relationship! Of course the meaning isn't unclear, but surely "some enthusiasts" (or something else) would be better? <small class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/46.189.28.182" title="Special:Contributions/46.189.28.182">46.189.28.182</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:46.189.28.182" title="User talk:46.189.28.182">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-46.189.28.182-2016-04-24T17:27:00.000Z-"Lovers"" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:27, 24 April 2016 (UTC)</a></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-46.189.28.182-2016-04-24T17:27:00.000Z-"Lovers""><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-46.189.28.182-2016-04-24T17:27:00.000Z-"Lovers""></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="The_case_of_Italian--not_a_great_example" data-mw-thread-id="h-The_case_of_Italian--not_a_great_example-2017-01-14T07:49:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-The_case_of_Italian--not_a_great_example-2017-01-14T07:49:00.000Z"></span>The case of Italian--not a great example<span data-mw-comment-end="h-The_case_of_Italian--not_a_great_example-2017-01-14T07:49:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The case of Italian--not a great example"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alázhlis-2017-01-14T07:49:00.000Z-The_case_of_Italian--not_a_great_example"></span>From the article: </p><p>"In addition, literary languages have sometimes risen to the level of becoming first languages of very large language communities. An example is standard Italian, which originated as a literary language derived from the language of 13th-century Florence, especially as used by such important Florentine writers as Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio. This language existed for several centuries primarily as a literary vehicle, with few native speakers; even as late as 1861, on the eve of Italian unification, the language only counted about 500,000 speakers, many non-native, out of a total population of c. 22,000,000. The subsequent success of the language has been through conscious development, where speakers of any of the numerous Italian languages were taught standard Italian as a second language and subsequently imparted it to their children, who learned it as a first language.[citation needed]" </p><p>While this is true, it is very ironic to use as an example in this article because the success of standard Italian came at the expense of the other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">languages of Italy</a>... Alternatively, this could be considered <a href="/wiki/Dialect_leveling" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialect leveling">dialect leveling</a> since the languages that it was replacing were all closely related to standard Italian. I propose that a better example be sought. <a href="/wiki/User:Al%C3%A1zhlis" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Alázhlis">Alázhlis</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Al%C3%A1zhlis" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Alázhlis">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Alázhlis-2017-01-14T07:49:00.000Z-The_case_of_Italian--not_a_great_example" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">07:49, 14 January 2017 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alázhlis-2017-01-14T07:49:00.000Z-The_case_of_Italian--not_a_great_example"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alázhlis-2017-01-14T07:49:00.000Z-The_case_of_Italian--not_a_great_example"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links_modified" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links_modified-2017-05-11T11:46:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links_modified-2017-05-11T11:46:00.000Z"></span>External links modified<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links_modified-2017-05-11T11:46:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links modified"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-05-11T11:46:00.000Z-External_links_modified"></span>Hello fellow Wikipedians, </p><p>I have just modified 3 external links on <a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">Language revitalization</a>. 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I made the following changes: </p> <ul><li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140409141047/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/">https://web.archive.org/web/20140409141047/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/">http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/</a></li> <li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017090003/http://www.ahg.gov.ie/en/20YearStrategyfortheIrishLanguage/Publications/Report%20of%20Coimisi%C3%BAn%20na%20Gaeltachta.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20131017090003/http://www.ahg.gov.ie/en/20YearStrategyfortheIrishLanguage/Publications/Report%20of%20Coimisi%C3%BAn%20na%20Gaeltachta.pdf</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ahg.gov.ie/en/20YearStrategyfortheIrishLanguage/Publications/Report%20of%20Coimisi%C3%BAn%20na%20Gaeltachta.pdf">http://www.ahg.gov.ie/en/20YearStrategyfortheIrishLanguage/Publications/Report%20of%20Coimisi%C3%BAn%20na%20Gaeltachta.pdf</a></li> <li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120630141837/http://schola.ning.com/">https://web.archive.org/web/20120630141837/http://schola.ning.com/</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://schola.ning.com/">http://schola.ning.com/</a></li></ul> <p>When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs. </p><p>This message was posted before February 2018. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(proposals)/Archive_145#Disable_messages_left_by_InternetArchiveBot" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive 145">After February 2018</a>, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by <b><span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span></b>. 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This message is updated dynamically through the template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Source_check" title="Template:Source check">source check</a>}}</code> <small>(last update: 5 June 2024)</small>. </p> <ul><li>If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iabot.wmcloud.org/index.php?page=reportfalsepositive">this tool</a>.</li> <li>If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iabot.wmcloud.org/index.php?page=manageurlsingle">this tool</a>.</li></ul> <p>Cheers.—<a href="/wiki/User:InternetArchiveBot" title="User:InternetArchiveBot"><b><span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span></b></a> <span style="color:green;font-family:Rockwell">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:InternetArchiveBot" title="User talk:InternetArchiveBot">Report bug</a>)</span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-05-11T11:46:00.000Z-External_links_modified" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">11:46, 11 May 2017 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-05-11T11:46:00.000Z-External_links_modified"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-05-11T11:46:00.000Z-External_links_modified"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links_modified_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links_modified_2-2017-12-14T17:59:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links_modified_2-2017-12-14T17:59:00.000Z"></span>External links modified<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links_modified_2-2017-12-14T17:59:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links modified"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-12-14T17:59:00.000Z-External_links_modified_2"></span>Hello fellow Wikipedians, </p><p>I have just modified 2 external links on <a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">Language revitalization</a>. 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I made the following changes: </p> <ul><li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090706051224/http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20090706051224/http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm">http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm</a></li> <li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130810115929/http://www.jessielittledoe.com/jessie_CV.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20130810115929/http://www.jessielittledoe.com/jessie_CV.pdf</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jessielittledoe.com/jessie_CV.pdf">http://www.jessielittledoe.com/jessie_CV.pdf</a></li></ul> <p>When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs. </p><p>This message was posted before February 2018. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(proposals)/Archive_145#Disable_messages_left_by_InternetArchiveBot" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive 145">After February 2018</a>, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by <b><span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span></b>. 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This message is updated dynamically through the template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Source_check" title="Template:Source check">source check</a>}}</code> <small>(last update: 5 June 2024)</small>. </p> <ul><li>If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iabot.wmcloud.org/index.php?page=reportfalsepositive">this tool</a>.</li> <li>If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iabot.wmcloud.org/index.php?page=manageurlsingle">this tool</a>.</li></ul> <p>Cheers.—<a href="/wiki/User:InternetArchiveBot" title="User:InternetArchiveBot"><b><span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span></b></a> <span style="color:green;font-family:Rockwell">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:InternetArchiveBot" title="User talk:InternetArchiveBot">Report bug</a>)</span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-12-14T17:59:00.000Z-External_links_modified_2" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:59, 14 December 2017 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-12-14T17:59:00.000Z-External_links_modified_2"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-12-14T17:59:00.000Z-External_links_modified_2"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Cornish" data-mw-thread-id="h-Cornish-2018-03-10T11:23:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Cornish-2018-03-10T11:23:00.000Z"></span>Cornish<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Cornish-2018-03-10T11:23:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cornish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-46.233.77.71-2018-03-10T11:23:00.000Z-Cornish"></span>This seems to be unnecessarily tokenistic as an article. There's been so much written about the successful revival of Cornish, its recognition by the UK government, its funding, large-scale publication of literature, introduction on public signage, swearing in of MPs from Cornwall in Cornish, .... (I could go on). </p><p>The rather lame 'several attempts' seems to be damning with faint praise or implying failure. Very POV. Suggest either removing the section until someone can take the time to deliver something more objective or at least a partial upgrade. <small class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/46.233.77.71" title="Special:Contributions/46.233.77.71">46.233.77.71</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:46.233.77.71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:46.233.77.71 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-46.233.77.71-2018-03-10T11:23:00.000Z-Cornish" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">11:23, 10 March 2018 (UTC)</a></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-46.233.77.71-2018-03-10T11:23:00.000Z-Cornish"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-46.233.77.71-2018-03-10T11:23:00.000Z-Cornish"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Current_Revitalization_Efforts" data-mw-thread-id="h-Current_Revitalization_Efforts-2019-06-05T17:01:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Current_Revitalization_Efforts-2019-06-05T17:01:00.000Z"></span>Current Revitalization Efforts<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Current_Revitalization_Efforts-2019-06-05T17:01:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Current Revitalization Efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Kc_cotton-2019-06-05T17:01:00.000Z-Current_Revitalization_Efforts"></span>Hello, I have added/started a section addressing current revitalization efforts. I think it will be beneficial to distinguish examples of successful revitalization from current efforts going on around the world. <a href="/wiki/User:Kc_cotton" title="User:Kc cotton">Kc cotton</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Kc_cotton" title="User talk:Kc cotton">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Kc_cotton-2019-06-05T17:01:00.000Z-Current_Revitalization_Efforts" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:01, 5 June 2019 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Kc_cotton-2019-06-05T17:01:00.000Z-Current_Revitalization_Efforts"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Kc_cotton-2019-06-05T17:01:00.000Z-Current_Revitalization_Efforts"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Criticism_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-Criticism_2-2019-10-27T19:59:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Criticism_2-2019-10-27T19:59:00.000Z"></span>Criticism<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Criticism_2-2019-10-27T19:59:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-LindsayBotterill-2019-10-27T19:59:00.000Z-Criticism_2"></span>Just out of curiosity: should Kenan Malik's criticisms be included in this section? </p><p>I am asking because he isn't a linguist, unlike McWhorter. Additionally, his criticism seems to ignore a lot of the cultural aspects of language; it's too simplistic and reduces language to a utilitarian object. Basically, I don't really think he has a strong case against revitalization. While I am for revitalization, I do think the criticisms need to be more thought-provoking than his to warrant being used on this page. </p><p>On the other hand, McWhorter's criticism are much more fitting. </p><p>Hello all, I will be briefly editing this page for my ANTHROPOLOGY 473 Living Languages class. Please feel free to add/change anything I add or let me know of errors etc. Thanks, Lindsay <a href="/wiki/User:LindsayBotterill" title="User:LindsayBotterill">LindsayBotterill</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:LindsayBotterill" title="User talk:LindsayBotterill">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-LindsayBotterill-2019-10-27T19:59:00.000Z-Criticism_2" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:59, 27 October 2019 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-LindsayBotterill-2019-10-27T19:59:00.000Z-Criticism_2"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-LindsayBotterill-2019-10-27T19:59:00.000Z-Criticism_2"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment" data-mw-thread-id="h-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment-2020-12-14T04:27:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment-2020-12-14T04:27:00.000Z"></span>The five degrees of language endangerment<span data-mw-comment-end="h-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment-2020-12-14T04:27:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: The five degrees of language endangerment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T04:27:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment"></span>A UNESCO language vitality and endangerment document from 2003 identifies 6 degrees of language endangerment with descriptive names for each degree. I'm thinking that because the current five stages don't have a source to link back to, I'll add these in as an alternative method of assessing a language's degree of endangerment<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/User:Chaalb123" title="User:Chaalb123">Chaalb123</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Chaalb123" title="User talk:Chaalb123">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T04:27:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">04:27, 14 December 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T04:27:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T04:27:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment"></span> </p><p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T04:34:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment"></span>The same UNESCO document identifies factors that we would apply the degrees of endangerment to so that one could assess the language's overall level of endangerment. Given the previous discussion on this talk page about how a language is classified for revitalization (previously endangered or not), I'm thinking this may be helpful here for context about how a language becomes classified as endangered </p><p><a href="/wiki/User:Chaalb123" title="User:Chaalb123">Chaalb123</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Chaalb123" title="User talk:Chaalb123">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T04:34:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">04:34, 14 December 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T04:34:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T04:34:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment"></span> </p><p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Lukewarm_Cabbage-2021-10-18T18:14:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment"></span>Many linguists (i.e. Warner et al) have started using "dormant" instead of "extinct" -- maybe this distinction should be reflected, too. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Lukewarm_Cabbage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Lukewarm Cabbage (page does not exist)">Lukewarm Cabbage</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Lukewarm_Cabbage" title="User talk:Lukewarm Cabbage">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Lukewarm_Cabbage-2021-10-18T18:14:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">18:14, 18 October 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Lukewarm_Cabbage-2021-10-18T18:14:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Lukewarm_Cabbage-2021-10-18T18:14:00.000Z-The_five_degrees_of_language_endangerment"></span> </p> <dl><dd>"Dormant" and "extinct" can both be useful terms. "Though a dormant language has no proficient users, it retains some social uses. In contrast, an extinct language is no longer claimed by any extant community as the language of their heritage identity. Extinct languages are lacking in both users and societal uses. Some extinct languages, such as Latin, may continue to be used as second-languages only for specific, restricted, often vehicular, functions, that are generally not related to ethnic identity."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1232521257"><div class="reflist-talk"> <p class="reflist-talk-title">References</p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Language_vitality_and_endangerment_EN.pdf">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Language_vitality_and_endangerment_EN.pdf</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/enterprise-faq/what-difference-between-dormant-language-and-extinct-language-0">Link to Ethnologue</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <p><br/> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Factors_in_successful_language_revitlization" data-mw-thread-id="h-Factors_in_successful_language_revitlization-2020-12-14T05:14:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Factors_in_successful_language_revitlization-2020-12-14T05:14:00.000Z"></span>Factors in successful language revitlization<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Factors_in_successful_language_revitlization-2020-12-14T05:14:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Factors in successful language revitlization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T05:14:00.000Z-Factors_in_successful_language_revitlization"></span>Hi everyone, I'll briefly be editing this page for my Indigenous Studies class on Endangered Languages and Language Revitalization. Feel free to change, add, or tag me to correct errors. </p><p>I'm going to add to this section a brief description of the role that immersive learning plays in language revitalization - giving the examples of modern Hebrew and Maori </p><p><a href="/wiki/User:Chaalb123" title="User:Chaalb123">Chaalb123</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Chaalb123" title="User talk:Chaalb123">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T05:14:00.000Z-Factors_in_successful_language_revitlization" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">05:14, 14 December 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T05:14:00.000Z-Factors_in_successful_language_revitlization"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Chaalb123-2020-12-14T05:14:00.000Z-Factors_in_successful_language_revitlization"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Inclusion_of_sign_languages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Inclusion_of_sign_languages-2022-04-19T15:57:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Inclusion_of_sign_languages-2022-04-19T15:57:00.000Z"></span>Inclusion of sign languages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Inclusion_of_sign_languages-2022-04-19T15:57:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Inclusion of sign languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Matthall.research-2022-04-19T15:57:00.000Z-Inclusion_of_sign_languages"></span>This article would benefit from the inclusion of efforts to document, preserve, and revitalize sign languages as well. The vast majority of the world's documented sign languages face an especially potent combination of threats, including the rarity of generational transmission, small population size, scarcity of use in educational contexts, low social prestige, decreasing population size (due in part to the increasing availability in hearing technologies that lead to language shift favoring spoken languages), and contact with (& corresponding language shift toward) more globally-dominant sign languages (among which American Sign Language is the primary offender). </p><p>Good references include: <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/User:Matthall.research" title="User:Matthall.research">Matthall.research</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Matthall.research" title="User talk:Matthall.research">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Matthall.research-2022-04-19T15:57:00.000Z-Inclusion_of_sign_languages" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">15:57, 19 April 2022 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Matthall.research-2022-04-19T15:57:00.000Z-Inclusion_of_sign_languages"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Matthall.research-2022-04-19T15:57:00.000Z-Inclusion_of_sign_languages"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1232521257"><div class="reflist-talk"> <p class="reflist-talk-title">References</p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/10e_95.1Braithwaite.pdf">https://www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/10e_95.1Braithwaite.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2020.06.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2020.06.008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/6/2/98">https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/6/2/98</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> NONAKA, A. (2004). The forgotten endangered languages: Lessons on the importance of remembering from Thailand's Ban Khor Sign Language. Language in Society, 33(5), 737-767. doi:10.1017/S004740450404504X</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26191233">https://www.jstor.org/stable/26191233</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/52754243/SignLanguageRevitalizationChapter_author_preprint-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1650387396&Signature=TRZ2aWqP6N-lJq5XG3npKsbTbIIkT2EJbrDsTyp8sol65GviZvjGbp-DZjrykv-YQhjelH6FmeyhijC-31zX79CRszBNFKUURgV6gXPP8stEOhbcRulDDpicADuJHrKiK38jfVyDchTEa17AO7ZWsWx~dgy06LJy0LcWHhQzyQoQosIH8JbZIyKS33WsFd43kcd5~KOsG7oweDSTVP6b8XBngiyd3LJaL6gl6zC7co4xL981G3CWfoWRJpB1C6ALksOvwSb5CcZBtrNvACtEVd25vyNIIMQPOKExC7z8s96JRuwvnG0N1HvZDPytYHkd59qawZRAMIHhvsfZoiaruA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA">https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/52754243/SignLanguageRevitalizationChapter_author_preprint-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1650387396&Signature=TRZ2aWqP6N-lJq5XG3npKsbTbIIkT2EJbrDsTyp8sol65GviZvjGbp-DZjrykv-YQhjelH6FmeyhijC-31zX79CRszBNFKUURgV6gXPP8stEOhbcRulDDpicADuJHrKiK38jfVyDchTEa17AO7ZWsWx~dgy06LJy0LcWHhQzyQoQosIH8JbZIyKS33WsFd43kcd5~KOsG7oweDSTVP6b8XBngiyd3LJaL6gl6zC7co4xL981G3CWfoWRJpB1C6ALksOvwSb5CcZBtrNvACtEVd25vyNIIMQPOKExC7z8s96JRuwvnG0N1HvZDPytYHkd59qawZRAMIHhvsfZoiaruA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Requested_move_10_April_2023" data-mw-thread-id="h-Requested_move_10_April_2023-20230410194700"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Requested_move_10_April_2023-20230410194700"></span>Requested move 10 April 2023<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Requested_move_10_April_2023-20230410194700"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Requested move 10 April 2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <div class="boilerplate mw-archivedtalk" style="background-color: #efe; margin: 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px dotted #aaa;"> <dl><dd><i><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Maddy_from_Celeste-20230418202100-Requested_move_10_April_2023"></span>The following is a closed discussion of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves">requested move</a>. <span style="color:red"><b>Please do not modify it.</b></span> Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Move_review" title="Wikipedia:Move review">move review</a> after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.</i></dd></dl> <p>The result of the move request was: <b>not moved.</b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves/Closing_instructions#Closure_by_a_page_mover" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves/Closing instructions">closed by non-admin page mover</a>)</small> <b style="font-family:Monospace">-- <a href="/wiki/User:Maddy_from_Celeste" title="User:Maddy from Celeste">Maddy from Celeste</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Maddy_from_Celeste" title="User talk:Maddy from Celeste">WAVEDASH</a>)</b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Maddy_from_Celeste-20230418202100-Requested_move_10_April_2023" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">20:21, 18 April 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Maddy_from_Celeste-20230418202100-Requested_move_10_April_2023"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Maddy_from_Celeste-20230418202100-Requested_move_10_April_2023"></span> </p> <hr/> <p><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-90.252.42.166-20230410194700-Requested_move_10_April_2023"></span>Language revitalization</a> → <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Language_revival&redirect=no">Language revival</a></span> – Per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMONNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMMONNAME">WP:COMMONNAME</a>. Also just makes more sense.<a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/90.252.42.166" title="Special:Contributions/90.252.42.166">90.252.42.166</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:90.252.42.166" title="User talk:90.252.42.166">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-90.252.42.166-20230410194700-Requested_move_10_April_2023" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:47, 10 April 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-90.252.42.166-20230410194700-Requested_move_10_April_2023"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-90.252.42.166-20230410194700-Requested_move_10_April_2023"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-90.252.42.166-20230410194900-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"></span>sorry, meant to propose this for moving to <b><a href="/wiki/Language_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Language revival">Language revival</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/90.252.42.166" title="Special:Contributions/90.252.42.166">90.252.42.166</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:90.252.42.166" title="User talk:90.252.42.166">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-90.252.42.166-20230410194900-90.252.42.166-20230410194700" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:49, 10 April 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-90.252.42.166-20230410194900-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-90.252.42.166-20230410194900-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-TartarTorte-20230410212600-90.252.42.166-20230410194900"></span>No worries, fixed the template/→ part for you. Best! <a href="/wiki/User:TartarTorte" title="User:TartarTorte"><b style="color: #ea5a5a;">Tartar</b></a><a href="/wiki/User_talk:TartarTorte" title="User talk:TartarTorte"><b>Torte</b></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-TartarTorte-20230410212600-90.252.42.166-20230410194900" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:26, 10 April 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-TartarTorte-20230410212600-90.252.42.166-20230410194900"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-TartarTorte-20230410212600-90.252.42.166-20230410194900"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Roger_8_Roger-20230410224700-TartarTorte-20230410212600"></span>Well spotted. I think revitalisation isn't just less used, it is wrong, because it has a different meaning. <a href="/wiki/User:Roger_8_Roger" title="User:Roger 8 Roger">Roger 8 Roger</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Roger_8_Roger" title="User talk:Roger 8 Roger">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Roger_8_Roger-20230410224700-TartarTorte-20230410212600" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">22:47, 10 April 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Roger_8_Roger-20230410224700-TartarTorte-20230410212600"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Roger_8_Roger-20230410224700-TartarTorte-20230410212600"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Uanfala-20230411073000-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"></span>Oppose</b>. "Revitalization" is by far the more common term in the literature: just have a look at the article's references section, there are twice as many texts with that in its title than with "revival". – <a href="/wiki/User:Uanfala" title="User:Uanfala">Uanfala</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Uanfala" title="User talk:Uanfala">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Uanfala-20230411073000-90.252.42.166-20230410194700" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">07:30, 11 April 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Uanfala-20230411073000-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Uanfala-20230411073000-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"></span></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Buidhe-20230411073600-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"></span>Oppose</b> The current title gets <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C48&q=%22Language+revitalization+%22&btnG=">twice</a> as many results <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C48&q=%22Language+revival+%22&btnG=">as the proposed one</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=language+revival%2Clanguage+revitalization&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=en-2019&smoothing=3">NGRAMS indicates</a> that at one point "revival" was more popular, but "revitalization" overtook it around 2000. This is not even counting "revitalisation" results, which could make it even more lopsided. (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Buidhe" title="User talk:Buidhe">t</a> · <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Buidhe" title="Special:Contributions/Buidhe">c</a>) <b><a href="/wiki/User:Buidhe" title="User:Buidhe"><span style="color: black">buidhe</span></a></b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Buidhe-20230411073600-90.252.42.166-20230410194700" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">07:36, 11 April 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Buidhe-20230411073600-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Buidhe-20230411073600-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Roger_8_Roger-20230411090800-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"></span>Comment</b> This is not about common usage in which more than one option, meaning the same thing, is viable, making a google search misleading, because the words mean different things, not the same thing. First, the meanings according to a wiki dictionary check - "As verbs the difference between revitalise and revive is that revitalise is to give new (l), (l), (l) or (l) to something while revive is to return to life; to recover life or strength; to live anew; to become reanimated or reinvigorated." Thus, it depends what this article is about. Bringing back from extinction (Hebrew, Sanskrit etc) is for 'revive', whereas reversing a decline (Maori, Welsh etc) is for 'revitalise'. This article looks to be about language revival. An option would be to start a new article about language revitalisation. If they are currently intermingled, we should separate them. <a href="/wiki/User:Roger_8_Roger" title="User:Roger 8 Roger">Roger 8 Roger</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Roger_8_Roger" title="User talk:Roger 8 Roger">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Roger_8_Roger-20230411090800-90.252.42.166-20230410194700" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">09:08, 11 April 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Roger_8_Roger-20230411090800-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Roger_8_Roger-20230411090800-90.252.42.166-20230410194700"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Uanfala-20230411103900-Roger_8_Roger-20230411090800"></span>As the article makes clear, this distinction between language "revival" and "revitalisation" is only made by some authors. I'm agnostic on whether we need separate articles for the two concepts, but if we decide to split, then the new article will have to be at <a href="/wiki/Language_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Language revival">Language revival</a>, because that's the narrower topic. And, as far as I can see, the majority of content in the current article is about reversing language shift, not about bringing back dead languages. – <a href="/wiki/User:Uanfala" title="User:Uanfala">Uanfala</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Uanfala" title="User talk:Uanfala">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Uanfala-20230411103900-Roger_8_Roger-20230411090800" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">10:39, 11 April 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Uanfala-20230411103900-Roger_8_Roger-20230411090800"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Uanfala-20230411103900-Roger_8_Roger-20230411090800"></span></dd></dl></li></ul> <div style="padding-left: 1.6em; font-style: italic; border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1; margin: 0.5em 0; padding-top: 0.5em">The discussion above is closed. <b style="color: #FF0000;">Please do not modify it.</b> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.</div> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Spanish_in_the_Philippines" data-mw-thread-id="h-Spanish_in_the_Philippines-20240126151400"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Spanish_in_the_Philippines-20240126151400"></span>Spanish in the Philippines<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Spanish_in_the_Philippines-20240126151400"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Spanish in the Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-139.135.147.25-20240126151400-Spanish_in_the_Philippines"></span>Spanish is in no way experiencing a revival in the Philippines. Just because former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed a decree re-introducing the language as an <i>elective</i> in schools does not mean the language is seeing an increase in usage. In fact, the number of Spanish speakers has declined from a little less than 500,000 during her administration to 400,000 in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, more students are choosing to picking up Mandarin and Japanese instead. As of 2020, nearly as many students chose Japanese as their foreign language elective versus Spanish, and Mandarin is the fastest growing.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average Filipino could not care less about reintroducing Spanish into schools or society.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What's more, the section is written with a very biased stance. There has been no government promotion of the language since Arroyo's administration and "demand for Spanish-speakers"? Absolutely not. - <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/139.135.147.25" title="Special:Contributions/139.135.147.25">139.135.147.25</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:139.135.147.25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:139.135.147.25 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-139.135.147.25-20240126151400-Spanish_in_the_Philippines" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">15:14, 26 January 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-139.135.147.25-20240126151400-Spanish_in_the_Philippines"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-139.135.147.25-20240126151400-Spanish_in_the_Philippines"></span> </p><p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Joseph20202021-20240226073200-Spanish_in_the_Philippines"></span>There is a Spanish language revival in the Philippines right now: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruLG-chUDlg">5 Things You Did Not Know About Filipino Spanish</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtz9QCVqAA8">Two Filipinos speak Fluent Spanish at the Streets of Makati</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CU31o0Uv3zU">Modern Filipinos speaking SPANISH as if it was the 1800s</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-10/inside-the-push-to-bring-back-spanish-into-the-philippines/11356590">The Philippines is fronting up to its Spanish heritage, and for some it's paying off</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125951615.pdf">The Revival of Spanish Through Hispano-Filipino Literature in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/145561/ARI27-2009_Rodriguez-Ponga_Spanish_Philippines.pdf">New Prospects for the Spanish Language in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353808493_Promoting_Spanish_Language_in_the_Philippines_Politics_Representations_and_Discourses">Promoting Spanish Language in the Philippines: Politics, Representations, and Discourses</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opinion.inquirer.net/30553/the-return-of-spanish">The return of Spanish</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seameo-innotech.org/portfolio_page/spanish-language-program-in-philippine-public-secondary-schools/">Spanish Language Program in Philippine Public Secondary Schools</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://po.pnuresearchportal.org/ejournal/index.php/apherj/article/view/82/72">INTEGRATIVE APPLICATION ON DEPED SPECIAL PROGRAM IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE: STUDENTS’ ACCEPTABILITY AND TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/User:Joseph20202021" title="User:Joseph20202021">Joseph20202021</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Joseph20202021" title="User talk:Joseph20202021">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_revitalization#c-Joseph20202021-20240226073200-Spanish_in_the_Philippines" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">07:32, 26 February 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Joseph20202021-20240226073200-Spanish_in_the_Philippines"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Joseph20202021-20240226073200-Spanish_in_the_Philippines"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1232521257"><div class="reflist-talk"> <p class="reflist-talk-title">References</p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201015152055/https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/10/06/opinion/columnists/spanish-is-an-endangered-filipino-language/776874/">"Spanish is an endangered Filipino language"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Manila_Times" title="The Manila Times">The Manila Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/10/06/opinion/columnists/spanish-is-an-endangered-filipino-language/776874/">the original</a> on October 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manila+Times&rft.atitle=Spanish+is+an+endangered+Filipino+language&rft.date=2020-10-06&rft.aulast=Mojarro&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manilatimes.net%2F2020%2F10%2F06%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fspanish-is-an-endangered-filipino-language%2F776874%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalk%3ALanguage+revitalization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calesaproject-cbhe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Report-2-on-Plurilingualism.pdf">Plurilingualism and Foreign Language Education: A Review of the FL Curriculums in the Philippines</a>, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lajornadafilipina.com/culture/should-we-replace-filipino-with-spanish-reddit/">Should We Replace Filipino With Spanish? Here’s What ‘Redditors’ Think</a>, <i>La Jornada Filipina</i>, 3 September 2020.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&oldid=1251164165">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Language_revitalization&oldid=1251164165</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Linguistics_articles" title="Category:C-Class Linguistics articles">C-Class Linguistics articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_Linguistics_articles" title="Category:Unknown-importance Linguistics articles">Unknown-importance Linguistics articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_applied_linguistics_articles" title="Category:C-Class applied linguistics articles">C-Class applied linguistics articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Applied_Linguistics_Task_Force_articles" title="Category:Applied Linguistics Task Force articles">Applied Linguistics Task Force articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Linguistics_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Linguistics articles">WikiProject Linguistics articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_language_articles" title="Category:C-Class language articles">C-Class language articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_language_articles" title="Category:High-importance language articles">High-importance language articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Languages_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Languages articles">WikiProject Languages articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Anthropology_articles" title="Category:C-Class Anthropology articles">C-Class Anthropology articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_Anthropology_articles" title="Category:Unknown-importance Anthropology articles">Unknown-importance Anthropology articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Oral_tradition_articles" title="Category:C-Class Oral tradition articles">C-Class Oral tradition articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_Oral_tradition_articles" title="Category:Unknown-importance Oral tradition articles">Unknown-importance Oral tradition articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oral_tradition_taskforce_articles" title="Category:Oral tradition taskforce articles">Oral tradition taskforce articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 October 2024, at 19:05<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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