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Revolt of Saint Titus - Wikipedia

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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Revolt of Saint Titus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MBoschini_Il_regno_tutto_di_Candia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MBoschini_Il_regno_tutto_di_Candia.jpg/120px-MBoschini_Il_regno_tutto_di_Candia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MBoschini_Il_regno_tutto_di_Candia.jpg/180px-MBoschini_Il_regno_tutto_di_Candia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MBoschini_Il_regno_tutto_di_Candia.jpg/240px-MBoschini_Il_regno_tutto_di_Candia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="534" /></a></span><br />The winged <a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Saint_Mark" title="Lion of Saint Mark">Lion of Saint Mark</a>, symbol of the Venetian Republic, standing guard over the <i>Regno di Candia</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>August 1363 – 1364</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> retains control of Crete</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Latin feudatories allied with the Greek population</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice"><img alt="Republic of Venice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luchino_dal_Verme" class="mw-redirect" title="Luchino dal Verme">Luchino dal Verme</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Marco Gradenigo,<br />Tito Venier,<br />John Callergi</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Revolt of Saint Titus</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Eπανάσταση του Αγίου Τίτου</span>) was a fourteenth-century rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Stato_da_Mar" class="mw-redirect" title="Stato da Mar">Venetian colony</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>. The rebels overthrew the official Venetian authorities and attempted to create an independent state, declaring Crete a republic under the protection of <a href="/wiki/Titus_(Biblical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus (Biblical)">Saint Titus</a> (<i>Άγιος Τίτος</i>): the "Republic of Saint Titus". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crete_under_Venice">Crete under Venice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolt_of_Saint_Titus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Crete under Venice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Latinokratia" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinokratia">Latinokratia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stato_da_M%C3%A0r" title="Stato da Màr">Stato da Màr</a></div> <p>Crete had been under Venetian rule since 1211, having been sold to Venice by <a href="/wiki/Boniface_I,_Marquess_of_Montferrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat">Boniface of Montferrat</a> at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a>. Owing to its central location along the trade routes, its size and its products, Crete had a strategic importance for the Venetian rule in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Occupied Crete was divided into <a href="/wiki/Fiefdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiefdom">fiefs</a> and a colony known as the "<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Candia" title="Kingdom of Candia">Kingdom of Candia</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Regno di Candia</i>) had been established, having as capital the city of Candia (present-day <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a>). The land was distributed to Venetian colonists (both nobles and citizens) on the condition that they paid taxes, manned Venetian warships and defended the possession in the name of the motherland. The Venetians ruled Crete primarily for their own interest, driving Cretans to forced labour or conscripting them for the wars of the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since 1207 and including that of Saint Titus, Crete saw fourteen rebellions against Venetian rule. The Saint Titus rebellion was the first in which the Latin colonists were actively involved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_revolt">The revolt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolt_of_Saint_Titus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: The revolt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Venice" title="Economic history of Venice">Economic history of Venice</a></div> <p>Venice demanded its colonies make large contributions to its food supply and the maintenance of its large fleets. On 8 August 1363, <a href="/wiki/Latins_(Middle_Ages)" title="Latins (Middle Ages)">Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudatories</a> in Candia were informed that a new tax, aimed to support the maintenance of the city's port, was to be imposed on them by the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Senate" title="Venetian Senate">Venetian Senate</a>. As the tax was viewed more beneficial to the Venetian merchants rather than to the land owners, there was strong objection among the feudatories. The news quickly reached the ears of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonardo_Dandolo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonardo Dandolo (page does not exist)">Leonardo Dandolo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Crete#Dukes_of_Candia" title="List of rulers of Crete">duke of Candia</a> (the colony's governor). After being informed about the feudatories' attitude, Dandolo summoned before him twenty of them and insisted that they conform to the Senate's order. Later in the day, around seventy of the feudatories gathered in the church of <a href="/wiki/Titus_(Biblical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus (Biblical)">St. Titus</a>, the island's patron saint. They decided to send three representatives to the duke, asking that the tax be suspended until a delegation had appealed to <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doge</a> <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Celsi" title="Lorenzo Celsi">Lorenzo Celsi</a> and the Senate in Venice. Dandolo, however, refused to negotiate and ordered the new tax to be proclaimed to the assembled feudatories, asking them to consent on penalty of death and confiscation of property. </p><p>The following day, disobedient feudatories stormed the ducal palace and arrested Dandolo and his counselors. Within a week, the revolt spread to the rest of the island and the commanders (rectors) of the main cities were substituted by men loyal to the insurgents. Marco Gradenigo the Elder (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Μάρκος Γραδόνικος</span>) was appointed governor and rector of the whole island. The figure of St. Titus was selected as the emblem of the newly established <b>Commune of Crete</b>. Greeks were admitted to the Grand Council and the Council of Feudatories, and restrictions concerning the <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordination</a> of Greek priests were abolished.<sup id="cite_ref-McKee_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKee-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The revolt of St. Titus was not the first attempt to dispute the Venetian dominion in Crete. Riots fomented by Greek nobles trying to regain their past privileges were frequent, but these did not have the character of a "national" uprising. However, the revolt of 1363 was unique in that it was initiated by the colonists themselves, who later allied with the Greeks of the island. Being a state colony, Crete featured a fiscal administration imposed over both the Latin and the indigenous population, thus creating the potential of a sympathy and later an alliance between the colonists and those being colonized. This was emphasized further by the fact that at the time of the revolt, settlers had been living in Crete for two or three generations and an <a href="/wiki/Acculturation" title="Acculturation">acculturation</a> process had made the local culture more familiar to them than that of their homeland Venice.<sup id="cite_ref-McKee_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKee-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venetian_reaction">Venetian reaction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolt_of_Saint_Titus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Venetian reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>News about the revolt reached Venice in early September. Crete being one of its major overseas possessions, the Senate considered the revolt to be a serious threat to its security, comparable to that posed by <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a>, its traditional enemy. Such was the concern on the issue that the authority for dealing with it passed from the Senate to the more powerful College. The first reaction of Venice was to attempt a reconciliation and send a delegation to Candia, expressing the hope that the colonists would again become faithful to the Republic of Venice. </p><p>After the failure of this attempt, Venice proceeded to organize an army to suppress the revolt. Requests for help were sent to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_V" title="Pope Urban V">Pope Urban V</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Genoa" title="Doge of Genoa">doge of Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan I of Naples">Joan I of Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Cyprus" title="Peter I of Cyprus">Peter I of Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis I of Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_V_Palaeologus" class="mw-redirect" title="John V Palaeologus">John V Palaeologus</a> and the Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Most responded positively, expressing their support and issuing decrees that instructed their subjects to refrain from making any contact or providing any aid to the insurgents on Crete. The Venetian government assigned the leadership of the army it was assembling to the <a href="/wiki/Verona,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona, Italy">Veronese</a> <a href="/wiki/Condottieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Condottieri">condottiero</a> <a href="/wiki/Luchino_dal_Verme" class="mw-redirect" title="Luchino dal Verme">Luchino dal Verme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowley_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gatteri_-_Joust_in_the_Piazza_St._Marco_celebrating_the_recovery_of_Candia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gatteri_-_Joust_in_the_Piazza_St._Marco_celebrating_the_recovery_of_Candia.jpg/250px-Gatteri_-_Joust_in_the_Piazza_St._Marco_celebrating_the_recovery_of_Candia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gatteri_-_Joust_in_the_Piazza_St._Marco_celebrating_the_recovery_of_Candia.jpg/375px-Gatteri_-_Joust_in_the_Piazza_St._Marco_celebrating_the_recovery_of_Candia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gatteri_-_Joust_in_the_Piazza_St._Marco_celebrating_the_recovery_of_Candia.jpg/500px-Gatteri_-_Joust_in_the_Piazza_St._Marco_celebrating_the_recovery_of_Candia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of a joust in the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_San_Marco" title="Piazza San Marco">Piazza San Marco</a> celebrating the recovery of Candia by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Lorenzo_Gatteri" title="Giuseppe Lorenzo Gatteri">Giuseppe Lorenzo Gatteri</a>, 1863.</figcaption></figure> <p>In anticipation of the Venetian army, the insurgents had begun to argue on the best way to proceed. Eventually, they settled for sending a delegation to Genoa, asking for assistance and offering it control of Crete. However, the Genoese kept their promise of neutrality and refused to intervene, forcing the delegation to depart Genoa empty-handed. The Venetian expeditionary fleet sailed from Venice on April 10, carrying foot soldiers, cavalry, mine sapper, and siege engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowley_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 7 May 1364, and before the delegation to Genoa had returned to Candia, the Venetian forces invaded Crete, landing on the beach of <a href="/wiki/Palaiokastro,_Heraklion" title="Palaiokastro, Heraklion">Palaiokastro</a>. Anchoring the fleet in <a href="/wiki/Fraskia_Bay" title="Fraskia Bay">Fraskia</a>, they marched east towards Candia and, facing little resistance, they succeeded in re-capturing the city on May 10. Marco Gradenigo the Elder and two of his counselors were executed, while most of the rebel leaders fled to the mountains. Having secured Candia, Venetian forces took punitive actions to discourage a future revolt. Rewards for the capture of the fugitive insurgents were announced, those having participated in the revolt were banished from living in any Venetian territory and their properties were confiscated. </p><p>News of the victory reached Venice in June 1364 and was greeted with prolonged celebrations in the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_San_Marco" title="Piazza San Marco">Piazza San Marco</a>, which as poet <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> described in a letter, included mock battles, banquets, games, races and <a href="/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">jousts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After the revolt, a new official, the <i>Capitaneus</i>, was appointed in Crete with the duty of protecting the Venetian dominion against any internal or foreign enemy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rebellion_of_the_Callergis">Rebellion of the Callergis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolt_of_Saint_Titus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Rebellion of the Callergis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The recapture of the principal cities did not signal the pacification of Crete. Despite the fact that the Latin leadership of the revolt had fallen apart, several feudatories were still hiding in the mountains and a significant portion of the Greek nobility, supported by Greek peasants, continued to harass the Venetian forces and settlers. The strongest resistance was instigated by the Greek <a href="/wiki/Kallergis_family" title="Kallergis family">Callergis noble family</a>, who resided in the western part of the island. They carried the insignia of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Emperor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and proclaimed that their struggle was for the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox</a> faith and for freedom from Latin rule. Soon, the entire western part of Crete was in the hands of the insurgents, forcing the Venetian authorities to mount yet another major campaign against them. </p><p>At the Doge's request, the Pope declared the war against the insurgents a <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">crusade</a>, promising remission of sins to those offering to fight in or support the war in Crete. The insurgents however managed to extend their domination further east, gaining control of most of the countryside. Eventually, it was only in 1368 and after several attempts that the resistance was shattered and the Venetian rule was consolidated over the entire island.<sup id="cite_ref-McKee_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKee-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolt_of_Saint_Titus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJacoby2014" class="citation book cs1">Jacoby, David (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z3ajBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA185">"The Economy of Latin Greece"</a>. <i>A Companion to Latin Greece</i>. Brill. pp.&#160;185–216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004284104" title="Special:BookSources/9789004284104"><bdi>9789004284104</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Economy+of+Latin+Greece&amp;rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Latin+Greece&amp;rft.pages=185-216&amp;rft.pub=Brill&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=9789004284104&amp;rft.aulast=Jacoby&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz3ajBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA185&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevolt+of+Saint+Titus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1990" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Jan (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/venetianempire00janm"><i>The Venetian Empire: A Sea Voyage</i></a></span>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0140119947" title="Special:BookSources/978-0140119947"><bdi>978-0140119947</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Venetian+Empire%3A+A+Sea+Voyage&amp;rft.pub=Penguin+Books&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0140119947&amp;rft.aulast=Morris&amp;rft.aufirst=Jan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvenetianempire00janm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevolt+of+Saint+Titus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKee-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKee_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKee_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKee_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKee1994" class="citation cs2">McKee, Sally (December 1994), "The Revolt of St Tito in fourteenth-century Venetian Crete: A reassessment", <i>Mediterranean Historical Review</i>, <b>9</b> (2): 173–204, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09518969408569670">10.1080/09518969408569670</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Mediterranean+Historical+Review&amp;rft.atitle=The+Revolt+of+St+Tito+in+fourteenth-century+Venetian+Crete%3A+A+reassessment&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=173-204&amp;rft.date=1994-12&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09518969408569670&amp;rft.aulast=McKee&amp;rft.aufirst=Sally&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevolt+of+Saint+Titus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSetton1976" class="citation book cs1">Setton, Kenneth (1976). <i>The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571, Vol. 1: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>. pp.&#160;249–257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-114-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-114-9"><bdi>978-0-87169-114-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Papacy+and+the+Levant%2C+1204-1571%2C+Vol.+1%3A+The+Thirteenth+and+Fourteenth+Centuries&amp;rft.pages=249-257&amp;rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&amp;rft.date=1976&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87169-114-9&amp;rft.aulast=Setton&amp;rft.aufirst=Kenneth&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevolt+of+Saint+Titus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crowley-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crowley_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crowley_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley2013" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Roger (2013). <i>City of Fortune: How Venice Ruled the Seas</i>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812980226" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812980226"><bdi>978-0812980226</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=City+of+Fortune%3A+How+Venice+Ruled+the+Seas&amp;rft.pub=Random+House&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-0812980226&amp;rft.aulast=Crowley&amp;rft.aufirst=Roger&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevolt+of+Saint+Titus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/History_of_Crete#Classical,_Hellenistic,_Roman,_Byzantine_and_Arab_Crete" title="History of Crete">Classical and Hellenistic period</a></li> <li>Roman period <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_League" title="Cretan League">Cretan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete_and_Cyrenaica" title="Crete and Cyrenaica">Crete and Cyrenaica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">First Byzantine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Arab period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Second Byzantine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Candia" title="Kingdom of Candia">Venetian period</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Revolt of Saint Titus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">Cretan War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">Siege of Candia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Ottoman period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1841)" title="Cretan Revolt (1841)">1841 revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1866%E2%80%931869)" title="Cretan revolt (1866–1869)">Great Cretan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1878)" title="Cretan revolt (1878)">1878 revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1897%E2%80%931898)" title="Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)">1897–1898 revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Cretan State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theriso_revolt" title="Theriso revolt">Theriso revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li>World War II <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_resistance" title="Cretan resistance">Resistance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Frankokratia_(1204–1797)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Frankokratia" title="Template:Frankokratia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Frankokratia" title="Template talk:Frankokratia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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Romaniae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Olive_Grove_of_Kountouras" title="Battle of the Olive Grove of Kountouras">Kountouras Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nymphaeum_(1214)" title="Treaty of Nymphaeum (1214)">Treaty of Nymphaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(1235)" title="Siege of Constantinople (1235)">Constantinople 1235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoese_occupation_of_Rhodes" title="Genoese occupation of Rhodes">Genoese occupation of Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Euboeote_Succession" title="War of the Euboeote Succession">War of the Euboeote Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pelagonia" title="Battle of Pelagonia">Pelagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(1260)" title="Siege of Constantinople (1260)">Constantinople 1260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquest_of_Constantinople" title="Reconquest of Constantinople">Constantinople 1261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Viterbo" title="Treaty of Viterbo">Treaty of Viterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prinitza" title="Battle of Prinitza">Prinitza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makryplagi" title="Battle of Makryplagi">Makryplagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Settepozzi" title="Battle of Settepozzi">Settepozzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neopatras" title="Battle of Neopatras">Neopatras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Demetrias" title="Battle of Demetrias">Demetrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Alexios_Kallergis" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolt of Alexios Kallergis">Revolt of Alexios Kallergis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_conquest_of_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes">Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Halmyros" title="Battle of Halmyros">Halmyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manolada" title="Battle of Manolada">Manolada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Genoese_War_(1348%E2%80%931349)" title="Byzantine–Genoese War (1348–1349)">Byzantine–Genoese War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Revolt of Saint Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Echinades_(1427)" title="Battle of the Echinades (1427)">Echinades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1444)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1444)">Rhodes 1444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_of_Sifis_Vlastos" title="Conspiracy of Sifis Vlastos">Vlastos' conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1463%E2%80%931479)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)">1st Ottoman–Venetian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1480)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1480)">Rhodes 1480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1499%E2%80%931503)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1499–1503)">2nd Ottoman–Venetian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1522)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1522)">Rhodes 1522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1537%E2%80%931540)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540)">3rd Ottoman–Venetian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1570%E2%80%931573)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)">4th Ottoman–Venetian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">5th Ottoman–Venetian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">Siege of Candia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morean_War" title="Morean War">6th Ottoman–Venetian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1714%E2%80%931718)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718)">7th Ottoman–Venetian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">Fall of the Republic of Venice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Courtenay-Constantinople.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin Empire"><img alt="Latin Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Arms_of_Courtenay-Constantinople.svg/50px-Arms_of_Courtenay-Constantinople.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Arms_of_Courtenay-Constantinople.svg/75px-Arms_of_Courtenay-Constantinople.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Arms_of_Courtenay-Constantinople.svg/100px-Arms_of_Courtenay-Constantinople.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span><br /><br /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Principality_of_Achaea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Principality of Achaea"><img alt="Principality of Achaea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Principality_of_Achaea.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Principality_of_Achaea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Principality_of_Achaea.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Principality_of_Achaea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Principality_of_Achaea.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Principality_of_Achaea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Lion_of_Saint_Mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Republic of Venice"><img alt="Republic of Venice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Lion_of_Saint_Mark.svg/50px-Seal_of_the_Lion_of_Saint_Mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Lion_of_Saint_Mark.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Lion_of_Saint_Mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Lion_of_Saint_Mark.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Lion_of_Saint_Mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="449" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Knights hospitaller"><img alt="Knights hospitaller" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span><br /><br /> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Republic_of_Genoa_(early).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Republic of Genoa"><img alt="Republic of Genoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coat_of_arms_of_Republic_of_Genoa_%28early%29.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Republic_of_Genoa_%28early%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coat_of_arms_of_Republic_of_Genoa_%28early%29.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Republic_of_Genoa_%28early%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coat_of_arms_of_Republic_of_Genoa_%28early%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Republic_of_Genoa_%28early%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Major centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarentza" title="Glarentza">Glarentza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos" title="Naxos">Naxos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">States and territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica" title="Kingdom of Thessalonica">Kingdom of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea" title="Principality of Achaea">Principality of Achaea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Akova" title="Barony of Akova">Akova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Arcadia" title="Barony of Arcadia">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Argos_and_Nauplia" title="Lordship of Argos and Nauplia">Argos and Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Bodonitsa" title="Marquisate of Bodonitsa">Bodonitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Chalandritsa" title="Barony of Chalandritsa">Chalandritsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Estamira" title="Barony of Estamira">Estamira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Geraki" title="Barony of Geraki">Geraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Gritzena" title="Barony of Gritzena">Gritzena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Kalavryta" title="Barony of Kalavryta">Kalavryta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Karytaina" title="Barony of Karytaina">Karytaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Nikli" title="Barony of Nikli">Nikli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Passavant" title="Barony of Passavant">Passavant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Patras" title="Barony of Patras">Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Veligosti" title="Barony of Veligosti">Veligosti and Damala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Vostitsa" title="Barony of Vostitsa">Vostitsa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Duchy of Athens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Salona" title="Lordship of Salona">Salona</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Neopatras" title="Duchy of Neopatras">Duchy of Neopatras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Cephalonia_and_Zakynthos" title="County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos">County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Chios" title="Lordship of Chios">Lordship of Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maona_of_Chios_and_Phocaea" title="Maona of Chios and Phocaea">Maona of Chios and Phocaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Company" title="Catalan Company">Catalan Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarrese_Company" title="Navarrese Company">Navarrese Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller Rhodes">Hospitaller Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triarchy_of_Negroponte" title="Triarchy of Negroponte">Triarchy of Negroponte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_the_Archipelago" title="Duchy of the Archipelago">Duchy of the Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stato_da_M%C3%A0r" title="Stato da Màr">Stato da Màr</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Candia" title="Kingdom of Candia">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands_under_Venetian_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionian Islands under Venetian rule">Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoni,_Messenia" title="Methoni, Messenia">Modon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Koroni" title="Koroni">Coron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Morea" title="Kingdom of the Morea">Kingdom of the Morea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafpaktos" title="Nafpaktos">Lepanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parga" title="Parga">Parga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preveza" title="Preveza">Preveza</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Emperor" title="Latin Emperor">Latin Emperors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_empresses" title="List of Latin empresses">Latin Empresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople">Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea#Princes_of_Achaea" title="Principality of Achaea">Princes of Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Achaea" title="Princess of Achaea">Princesses of Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailli_of_the_Principality_of_Achaea" title="Bailli of the Principality of Achaea">Baillis of Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Archbishopric_of_Patras" title="Latin Archbishopric of Patras">Archbishops of Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Archbishopric_of_Corinth" title="Latin Archbishopric of Corinth">Archbishops of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocco_family" title="Tocco family">Tocco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_I_Tocco" title="Carlo I Tocco">Carlo I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acciaioli_family" title="Acciaioli family">Acciaioli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_I_Acciaioli" title="Antonio I Acciaioli">Antonio I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Angevins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I of Naples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gattilusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gattilusi">Gattilusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallavicini_family" title="Pallavicini family">Pallavicini family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villehardouin_family" title="Villehardouin family">Villehardouin family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_I_of_Villehardouin" title="Geoffrey I of Villehardouin">Geoffrey I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Villehardouin" title="William of Villehardouin">William II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_I_Sanudo" title="Marco I Sanudo">Marco I Sanudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_I,_Marquess_of_Montferrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat">Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat</a></li> <li>Knights Hospitaller <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_d%27Aubusson" title="Pierre d&#39;Aubusson">Pierre d'Aubusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Heredia" title="Juan Fernández de Heredia">Juan Fernández de Heredia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Villiers_de_L%27Isle-Adam" title="Philippe Villiers de L&#39;Isle-Adam">Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foulques_de_Villaret" title="Foulques de Villaret">Foulques de Villaret</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Flor" title="Roger de Flor">Roger de Flor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaccaria" title="Zaccaria">Zaccaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_I_Zaccaria" title="Benedetto I Zaccaria">Benedetto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martino_Zaccaria" title="Martino Zaccaria">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centurione_II_Zaccaria" title="Centurione II Zaccaria">Centurione II</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cultural impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_the_Morea" title="Chronicle of the Morea">Chronicle of the Morea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_the_Tocco" title="Chronicle of the Tocco">Chronicle of the Tocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assizes_of_Romania" title="Assizes of Romania">Assizes of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Middle_East" title="Catholic Church in the Middle East">Catholic Church in the Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church_in_the_Middle_East" title="Latin Church in the Middle East">Latin Church in the Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Middle_Ages)" title="Latins (Middle Ages)">Latins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Greece" title="Catholic Church in Greece">Catholic Church in Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_literature" title="Cretan literature">Cretan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heptanese_school_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heptanese school (painting)">Heptanese school (painting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Greece">Cuisine of Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Frankish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argyrokastro_Castle" title="Argyrokastro Castle">Argyrokastro Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlemoutsi" title="Chlemoutsi">Chlemoutsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exomvourgo" title="Exomvourgo">Exomvourgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Rhodes" title="Fortifications of Rhodes">Fortifications of Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Magne" title="Grand Magne">Grand Magne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isova" title="Isova">Isova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Navarino_castle" title="Old Navarino castle">Old Navarino castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Knights_of_Rhodes" title="Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes">Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platamon_Castle" title="Platamon Castle">Platamon Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaraka_Monastery" title="Zaraka Monastery">Zaraka Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Genoese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Chios" title="Castle of Chios">Castle of Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Mytilene" title="Castle of Mytilene">Castle of Mytilene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Venetian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkadi_Monastery" title="Arkadi Monastery">Arkadi Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourtzi_Castle" title="Bourtzi Castle">Bourtzi Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frangokastello" title="Frangokastello">Frangokastello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortezza_of_Rethymno" title="Fortezza of Rethymno">Fortezza of Rethymno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Chania" title="Fortifications of Chania">Fortifications of Chania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Heraklion" title="Fortifications of Heraklion">Fortifications of Heraklion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneto_Monastery" title="Gouverneto Monastery">Gouverneto Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koules_Fortress" title="Koules Fortress">Koules Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toplou_Monastery" title="Toplou Monastery">Toplou Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Fortress" title="New Fortress">New Fortress, Corfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Fortress,_Corfu" title="Old Fortress, Corfu">Old Fortress, Corfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamidi" title="Palamidi">Palamidi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐587f7d4878‐gghx4 Cached time: 20241120164444 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.402 seconds Real time usage: 0.529 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 865/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 53131/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 591/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 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