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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Uzado_de_indicoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzado_de_indicoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Uzado de indicoj</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uzado_de_indicoj-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Baskuli Uzado de indicoj subsekcio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uzado_de_indicoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-En_matematiko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#En_matematiko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>En matematiko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-En_matematiko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-En_kemio_kaj_nuklea_fiziko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#En_kemio_kaj_nuklea_fiziko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>En kemio kaj nuklea fiziko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-En_kemio_kaj_nuklea_fiziko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ekzemploj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekzemploj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Ekzemploj</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Indico (notacio)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ĉi tiu artikolo ekzistas nur en ĉi tiu 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Aldonu la artikolon por aliaj lingvoj" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aldoni lingvojn</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12349255#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldoni interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Aldoni ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Indico_(notacio)" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskuto:Indico_(notacio)" rel="discussion" title="Diskuto pri la artikolo [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝanĝi lingvan varianton" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Esperanto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vidoj"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Indico_(notacio)"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&action=history" title="Antaŭaj versioj de ĉi tiu paĝo. 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							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">Estas neniuj versioj de ĉi tiu paĝo, do ĝi eble <b>ne</b> estis <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Markitaj_versioj" title="Helpo:Markitaj versioj">kvalite kontrolita</a>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><table class="noprint plainlinks" style="margin: 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #9932cc;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em;text-align: center;"> <div style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width:52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Merge-arrows.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kunigi"><img alt="Kunigi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/40px-Merge-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/60px-Merge-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/80px-Merge-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width: 100%;"><b>Oni sugestas <a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Kunigendaj_artikoloj" title="Vikipedio:Kunigendaj artikoloj">kunigi</a> ĉi tiun artikolon kun <a href="/wiki/Indico" class="mw-disambig" title="Indico">Indico</a>.<hr /></b> <div style="font-size:90%;">Bonvolu diskuti en la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuto:Indico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskuto:Indico (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Diskuto:Indico</a>. Nur ensalutintaj uzantoj povas aranĝi tion.</div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Indico</b> estas malgrandaj signoj supre aŭ sube de la ĉefa linio de la teksto. Kutime ili estadas skribitaj dekstre aŭ (malpli ofte) maldekstre de iu signo de la ĉefa linio. </p><p>Ekzemplo de supra indico: A<sup>B</sup> </p><p>Ekzemplo de suba indico: A<sub>B</sub> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uzado_de_indicoj">Uzado de indicoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Uzado de indicoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Uzado de indicoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="En_matematiko">En <a href="/wiki/Matematiko" title="Matematiko">matematiko</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: En matematiko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: En matematiko"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En matematiko supra indico kutime signifas <a href="/wiki/Potenco" class="mw-disambig" title="Potenco">potencon</a>: </p> <dl><dd><i>a<sup>1</sup> = a</i></dd> <dd><i>a<sup>2</sup> = a · a</i></dd> <dd><i>a<sup>3</sup> = a · a · a</i></dd> <dd>ktp.</dd></dl> <p>Por <a href="/wiki/Matrico" title="Matrico">matrico</a> supra indico <b>T</b> signifas <a href="/wiki/Transpono" title="Transpono">transponon</a>. Ekzemple <i>A<sup>T</sup></i> , kie <i>A</i> estas matrico. </p><p>Suba indico kutime signifas elekton de certa valoro el kelkaj. Ĉi ĉiuj eroj kune estas tiel <a href="/wiki/Indeksita_familio" title="Indeksita familio">indeksita familio</a>. En <a href="/wiki/Komputado" title="Komputado">komputado</a> la respektiva objekto estas <a href="/wiki/Tabelo_(datumtipo)" title="Tabelo (datumtipo)">tabelo (datumtipo)</a>. </p><p>Ekzemple <i>a<sub>1</sub></i> estas unu valoro kaj <i>a<sub>2</sub></i> estas la alia. </p><p>Subaj estas estadas uzatoj por priskribado de elementoj de matricoj: </p><p><i>A = </i>|<i> a<sub>i j</sub> </i>| </p> <table border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td>| </td> <td><i>a<sub>1 1</sub></i> </td> <td><i>a<sub>1 2</sub></i> </td> <td>... </td> <td><i>a<sub>1 n</sub></i> </td> <td>| </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>| </td> <td><i>a<sub>2 1</sub></i> </td> <td><i>a<sub>2 2</sub></i> </td> <td>... </td> <td><i>a<sub>2 n</sub></i> </td> <td>| </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>A</i> = </td> <td>| </td> <td>. </td> <td>. </td> <td> </td> <td>. </td> <td>| </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>| </td> <td>. </td> <td>. </td> <td> </td> <td>. </td> <td>| </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>| </td> <td><i>a<sub>m 1</sub></i> </td> <td><i>a<sub>m 2</sub></i> </td> <td>... </td> <td><i>a<sub>m n</sub></i> </td> <td>| </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>kie <i>A</i> - matrico de amplekso <i>m*n</i> , </p> <dl><dd><i>a<sub>i j</sub></i> - elementoj de la matrico ,</dd> <dd><i>i</i> = <i>1 ... m</i> ,</dd> <dd><i>j</i> = <i>1 ... n</i> .</dd></dl> <p>Simile estas indico de eroj de <a href="/wiki/Vektoro" title="Vektoro">vektoro</a>: </p><p><i>x=</i>| <i>x<sub>i</sub></i> | . </p><p>En tiuj partoj de matematiko kie oni ne uzas potencon (ekzemple ĉe <a href="/wiki/Tensoro" title="Tensoro">tensoroj</a>) oni uzas ankaŭ supran indicon por elekto de valoroj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="En_kemio_kaj_nuklea_fiziko">En <a href="/wiki/Kemio" title="Kemio">kemio</a> kaj nuklea <a href="/wiki/Fiziko" title="Fiziko">fiziko</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: En kemio kaj nuklea fiziko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: En kemio kaj nuklea fiziko"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En kemio kaj nuklea fiziko indicoj estadas uzataj por priskribi ĉefajn atributoj de eroj kaj substancoj. </p><p>La priskribo ĝenerale estas ĉi tia: <sub>a</sub><sup>b</sup>A<sub>c</sub><sup>d</sup>, </p><p>kie A - ero (protono ktp) aŭ <a href="/wiki/Kemia_elemento" title="Kemia elemento">kemia elemento</a>, </p> <dl><dd>a - kvanto da <a href="/wiki/Protono" title="Protono">protonoj</a> en ĉiu ero,</dd> <dd>b - suma kvanto da protonoj kaj <a href="/wiki/Ne%C5%ADtrono" title="Neŭtrono">neŭtronoj</a> en ĉiu ero,</dd> <dd>c - kvanto da kune estantaj la samaj eroj en kombinaĵo,</dd> <dd>d - elektra <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cargo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŝargo">ŝargo</a> de ĉiuj kune estantaj eroj en mezurunuoj de ŝargo de protono.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ekzemploj">Ekzemploj</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakti sekcion: Ekzemploj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Ekzemploj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>H<sub>2</sub> - 2 <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomoj</a> de <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogeno</a> kune - <a href="/wiki/Molekulo" title="Molekulo">molekulo</a> de hidrogeno. </p><p><sup>238</sup>U - <a href="/wiki/Uranio" title="Uranio">uranio</a> de <a href="/wiki/Atoma_maso" class="mw-redirect" title="Atoma maso">atoma maso</a> 238. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfata_iono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfata iono (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Sulfata iono</a> SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> - 1 atomo de <a href="/wiki/Sulfuro" title="Sulfuro">sulfuro</a> kun 4 atomoj de <a href="/wiki/Oksigeno" title="Oksigeno">oksigeno</a> kaj kun elektra ŝarĝo -2 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indico_(notacio)&action=edit&section=5" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Vidu ankaŭ"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Printilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Printilo">Printilo</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Elŝutita el "<a dir="ltr" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indico_(notacio)">https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indico_(notacio)</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kategorioj" title="Specialaĵo:Kategorioj">Kategorioj</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Matematika_notacio" title="Kategorio:Matematika notacio">Matematika notacio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Kemio" title="Kategorio:Kemio">Kemio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Fiziko" title="Kategorio:Fiziko">Fiziko</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kaŝita kategorio: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Kunigendaj_artikoloj" title="Kategorio:Kunigendaj artikoloj">Kunigendaj artikoloj</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La teksto disponeblas laŭ la permesilo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo">Krea Komunaĵo Atribuite-Samkondiĉe 4.0 Neadaptita</a>; eble aldonaj kondiĉoj aplikeblas. 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