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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_Sappho_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Head_Sappho_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg/100px-Head_Sappho_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Head_Sappho_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg/150px-Head_Sappho_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Head_Sappho_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg/200px-Head_Sappho_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1884" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e5a697;"> <a href="/wiki/Poetry_of_Sappho" title="Poetry of Sappho">Poetry</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist ----"> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Fragments:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ode_to_Aphrodite" title="Ode to Aphrodite">Ode to Aphrodite (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho_2" title="Sappho 2">(2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho_16" title="Sappho 16">(16)</a></li> <li><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sappho_31" title="Sappho 31">(31)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho_44" title="Sappho 44">(44)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithonus_poem" title="Tithonus poem">Tithonus poem (58)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho_94" title="Sappho 94">Sappho's Confession (94)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho_96" title="Sappho 96">(96)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_poem" title="Midnight poem"> Midnight poem (168B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Poem" title="Brothers Poem">Brothers poem</a></li></ul> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Papyri:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_7" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 7">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_1231" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1231">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1231</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e5a697;"> Related</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist ----"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcaeus" title="Alcaeus">Alcaeus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anactoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphic_stanza" title="Sapphic stanza">Sapphic stanza</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#e5a697;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sappho" title="Category:Sappho">Category</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sappho_sidebar" title="Template:Sappho sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sappho_sidebar" title="Template talk:Sappho sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sappho_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sappho sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anactoria</b> (or <b>Anaktoria</b>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀνακτορία</span>) is a woman mentioned in the work of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greek</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a>. Sappho, who wrote in the late seventh and early sixth centuries BCE, names Anactoria as the object of her desire in a poem numbered as <a href="/wiki/Sappho_16" title="Sappho 16">fragment 16</a>. Another of her poems, <a href="/wiki/Sappho_31" title="Sappho 31">fragment 31</a>, is traditionally called the "Ode to Anactoria", although no name appears in it. As portrayed by Sappho, Anactoria is likely to have been an aristocratic follower of hers, of marriageable age. It is possible that fragment 16 was written in connection with her wedding to an unknown man. The name "Anactoria" has also been argued to have been a <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a>, perhaps of a woman named Anagora from <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a>, or an archetypal creation of Sappho's imagination. </p><p>The English poet <a href="/wiki/Algernon_Charles_Swinburne" title="Algernon Charles Swinburne">Algernon Charles Swinburne</a>'s "Anactoria" was published in his 1866 collection, <i><a href="/wiki/Poems_and_Ballads" title="Poems and Ballads">Poems and Ballads</a></i>. "Anactoria" is written from the point of view of Sappho, who addresses the title character in a long monologue written in <a href="/wiki/Rhyming_couplets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhyming couplets">rhyming couplets</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iambic_pentameter" title="Iambic pentameter">iambic pentameter</a>. The monologue expresses Sappho's lust for her in sexually explicit terms; she first rejects art and the gods for Anactoria's love before reversing her stance and claiming to reject Anactoria in favour of poetry. Swinburne's poem created a sensation by openly approaching then-taboo topics such as <a href="/wiki/Lesbianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbianism">lesbianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dystheism" title="Dystheism">dystheism</a>. Anactoria later featured in an 1896 play by H. V. Sutherland and in the 1961 poetic series "Three Letters to Anaktoria" by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Robert Lowell</a>, in which an unnamed man loves her before transferring, unrequitedly, his affections to Sappho. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Sappho">In Sappho</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <div class="poem"> <p>Some say an army of horsemen, others<br /> say foot soldiers, still others say a fleet<br /> is the finest thing on the dark earth.<br /> I say it is whatever one loves.<br /> <br /> Everyone can understand this – consider<br /> that <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a>, far surpassing the beauty<br /> of mortals, left behind<br /> the best man of all<br /> <br /> to sail away to <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>. She remembered<br /> neither daughter nor dear parents,<br /> as [<a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a>] led her away<br /> <br /> . . . [un]bending . . . mind<br /> . . . lightly . . . thinks.<br /> . . . reminding me now<br /> of Anaktoria gone.<br /> <br /> I would rather see her lovely step<br /> and the radiant sparkle of her face<br /> than all the war chariots in <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a><br /> and soldiers battling in arms.<br /> <br /> Impossible . . . to happen<br /> . . . human, but to pray for a share<br /> . . . and for myself </p> </div><p>— <a href="/wiki/Sappho_16" title="Sappho 16">Sappho 16</a>, translated by Diane Rayor<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERayorLardinois201433_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERayorLardinois201433-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> </div><p>Anactoria is named by the ancient Greek poet <a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a>, who wrote in the late seventh and early sixth centuries BCE and is known for her <a href="/wiki/Love_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Love poetry">love poetry</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sappho_16" title="Sappho 16">fragment 16</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sappho compares her desire for Anactoria, who is described as being absent, with that of <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Paris_(mythology)" title="Paris (mythology)">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second poem, <a href="/wiki/Sappho_31" title="Sappho 31">fragment 31</a>, is traditionally called the "Ode to Anactoria", though no name appears in it.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been speculated that Anactoria may be the unnamed character in <a href="/wiki/Sappho_96" title="Sappho 96">fragment 96</a>, written to another of Sappho's female companions, possibly Atthis.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that poem, Sappho claims that the unnamed character still "thinks of [Sappho] constantly" despite living away in the city of <a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199180–81Barnstone2010305_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199180–81Barnstone2010305-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the phrasing of <a href="/wiki/Garry_Wills" title="Garry Wills">Garry Wills</a>, fragment 16 portrays Anactoria as "menacingly desirable".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1967442_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1967442-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sappho describes her manner of walking as attractive, and her face as having <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc">amarychma</i></span>, a word literally meaning 'flashing' or 'sparkling' and likely also to indicate beauty in movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown19897–9_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown19897–9-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on its allusions to other literary works, particularly those of <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, the term may also indicate that Anactoria was a young, virgin girl of marriageable age.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198913–14_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198913–14-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Anactoria portrayed in Sappho's work is generally considered to have been a follower of Sappho, who educated aristocratic girls with the partial aim of preparing them for marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198914_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198914-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A reference to "Anagora" in the <i><a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suda</a></i>, a tenth-century Byzantine encyclopaedia, is generally considered to refer to Anactoria;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERayorLardinois20145_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERayorLardinois20145-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the name "Anagora" has been interpreted as an error in the manuscripts,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198914_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198914-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or alternatively by <a href="/wiki/Denys_Page" title="Denys Page">Denys Page</a> as the real name of "Anactoria", to whom Page conjectures Sappho gave a pseudonym to protect her identity and reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord2011120_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord2011120-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Suda</i> names "Anagora" as a native of <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a>, a major Greek city of <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Miletus_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miletus-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christopher Brown suggests that Anactoria's absence in fragment 16 was because she had left Sappho's company to return to Miletus and marry;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198914_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198914-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eric Dodson-Robinson suggests that fragment 16 may have been written for performance at Anactoria's wedding, or for a <a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">sympotic</a> event shortly after it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson-Robinson201015–17_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson-Robinson201015–17-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, George Koniaris suggests that Anactoria may equally have left Sappho's company to be with her family or to work as a musician,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoniaris1967266_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoniaris1967266-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Most" title="Glenn W. Most">Glenn Most</a> points out that the poem gives no indication of the length of Anactoria's absence: he argues that it may only have been a matter of a few days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMost198112_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMost198112-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">Martin West</a> has argued that Sappho generally uses the name of the objects of her desire, such as Anactoria, when portraying their relationship with her as finished or her own attitude towards it as hostile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest1970318–320Most199635_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest1970318–320Most199635-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sappho's expressed love for Anactoria is one of few examples of a woman expressing same-sex desire to survive from pre-modern literature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERupp2012853–854_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERupp2012853–854-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andrew Ford has argued that Sappho's presentation of Anactoria may be <a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetypal</a> rather than a representation of any specific individual,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord2011120_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord2011120-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Judith_P._Hallett" title="Judith P. Hallett">Judith Hallett</a> and André Lardinois have suggested that the speaker may not have been intended as an autobiographical portrayal of Sappho herself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallett1979463Lardinois2021170_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallett1979463Lardinois2021170-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The classicist and archaeologist <a href="/wiki/David_Moore_Robinson" title="David Moore Robinson">David Moore Robinson</a> called the description of Anactoria in fragment 16 "the finest lines in all Sappho's poetry".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson1963242_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson1963242-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_classical_literature">In classical literature</h3></div> <p>Anactoria is almost unattested in ancient sources outside Sappho's works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord2011120_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord2011120-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is mentioned in a poem traditionally attributed to the first-century BCE Roman poet <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>; the fifteenth of his <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Heroides" title="Heroides">Heroides</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem is imagined as a letter from Sappho to her male lover <a href="/wiki/Phaon" title="Phaon">Phaon</a>, in which Sappho claims that her love for Phaon has made her former, female lovers, including Anactoria, seem worthless to her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord2011203_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord2011203-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second century CE, the rhetorician <a href="/wiki/Maximus_of_Tyre" title="Maximus of Tyre">Maximus of Tyre</a> compared the relationship between Sappho and Anactoria with that of the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a> and his male acolytes such as <a href="/wiki/Alcibiades" title="Alcibiades">Alcibiades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson20128_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson20128-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Maximus and the <i>Suda</i> list Anactoria as a favourite pupil of Sappho's.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198914_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198914-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_modern_culture">In modern culture</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema,_R.A.,_O.M._-_Sappho_and_Alcaeus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of a man, Alcaeus, playing the lyre to an enraptured woman, Sappho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema%2C_R.A.%2C_O.M._-_Sappho_and_Alcaeus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema%2C_R.A.%2C_O.M._-_Sappho_and_Alcaeus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema%2C_R.A.%2C_O.M._-_Sappho_and_Alcaeus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema%2C_R.A.%2C_O.M._-_Sappho_and_Alcaeus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema%2C_R.A.%2C_O.M._-_Sappho_and_Alcaeus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema%2C_R.A.%2C_O.M._-_Sappho_and_Alcaeus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7628" data-file-height="4172" /></a><figcaption><i>Sappho and Alcaeus</i> (1881), painted by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Alma-Tadema" title="Lawrence Alma-Tadema">Lawrence Alma-Tadema</a>. Anactoria's name is visible near the middle of the painting.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The nineteenth-century English poet <a href="/wiki/Algernon_Charles_Swinburne" title="Algernon Charles Swinburne">Algernon Charles Swinburne</a> wrote a long poem, "Anactoria", published in his 1866 collection <i><a href="/wiki/Poems_and_Ballads" title="Poems and Ballads">Poems and Ballads</a></i>. The poem is written from the point of view of Sappho, who addresses Anactoria in a long monologue written in <a href="/wiki/Rhyming_couplets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhyming couplets">rhyming couplets</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iambic_pentameter" title="Iambic pentameter">iambic pentameter</a>, which incorporates fragments from Sappho's poetry: the poem's first line is "My life is bitter with thy love", which alludes to fragment 130.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2013202_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2013202-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Anactoria" presents Sappho's love and lust for Anactoria as the source of her poetic inspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZonana199042–43_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZonana199042–43-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the conceit of the poem, Anactoria is about to leave Sappho, and Sappho initially longs for the goddess <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> to return Anactoria to her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook197187Greenberg199180_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook197187Greenberg199180-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end, however, Sappho rejects Anactoria and the gods in favour of poetry, which she had initially proclaimed herself willing to sacrifice for Anactoria's love.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook197190_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook197190-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catherine Maxwell has described both Anactoria and Sappho as poetic representations of Swinburne himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaxwell200140_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaxwell200140-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The poem was both sensational and controversial for its treatment of taboo topics such as <a href="/wiki/Lesbianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbianism">lesbianism</a>, cannibalism and <a href="/wiki/Dystheism" title="Dystheism">dystheism</a>, as well as for its parody of both Sapphic and Biblical texts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan1984180Wagner-Lawlor1996922_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan1984180Wagner-Lawlor1996922-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its content is sexually explicit and <a href="/wiki/Sadomasochism" title="Sadomasochism">sadomasochistic</a>; it was termed "frankly pornographic" in a 1971 article by David Cook.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook197177Dellamora199078_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook197177Dellamora199078-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swinburne's publication of "Anactoria", along with that of his "Sapphics", led to what Lawrence Lipking has termed his "<a href="/wiki/Ostracism" title="Ostracism">ostracism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipking19882_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELipking19882-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catherine Maxwell and Stefano Evangelista have described "Anactoria" as both "infamous" and among Swinburne's most famous poems.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaxwellEvangelista20136_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaxwellEvangelista20136-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later critics have read it as a commentary on <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> poetic authority, a critique of Victorian sexual and religious orthodoxies, and a meditation upon Sappho's position in history and literature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagner-Lawlor1996917_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagner-Lawlor1996917-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While a student at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, H. V. Sutherland wrote a verse drama, <i>Sappho, or Archilochus and Hipponax</i>, which was performed by Harvard and <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley</a> students in January 1896. In the play, Anactoria is initially loved by the poet <a href="/wiki/Alcaeus_of_Mytilene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcaeus of Mytilene">Alcaeus</a>, who leaves her for Sappho.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson1963219–220_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson1963219–220-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 1961 collection <i>Imitations</i>, the American poet <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Robert Lowell</a> wrote "Three Letters to Anaktoria", a series of poems including an adaptation of Sappho's fragment 31 as its first. In Lowell's poems, the unnamed, hypothetical man alluded to in fragment 31 becomes the main subject of the series: he loves Anaktoria, transfers his affections to Sappho, and later, in Lowell's words, "withdraws or dies".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipking1988118–119_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELipking1988118–119-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In painting, Anactoria's name is inscribed on one of the seats of the theatre depicted in the 1881 work <i>Sappho and Alcaeus</i> by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Alma-Tadema" title="Lawrence Alma-Tadema">Lawrence Alma-Tadema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson196332_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson196332-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sappho's poetry survives almost entirely in untitled fragments, which are known by numbers in modern editions. See <a href="#CITEREFGordon2002">Gordon 2002</a>, pp. v–vii, and <a href="#CITEREFGoffHarloe2021">Goff & Harloe 2021</a>, p. 396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ilja_Leonard_Pfeijffer" title="Ilja Leonard Pfeijffer">Ilja Leonard Pfeijffer</a> argues that Sappho also implicitly compares Anactoria with Helen, both emphasising her beauty and associating Sappho with Helen's rightful husband, <a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfeijffer20006_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfeijffer20006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Lavagnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Lavagnini (page does not exist)">Bruno Lavagnini</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Lavagnini" class="extiw" title="it:Bruno Lavagnini">it</a>]</span> speculated in 1937 that the absent character was Anactoria, and that she had gone to become a consort of the Lydian king <a href="/wiki/Alyattes" title="Alyattes">Alyattes</a> in Sardis. <a href="/wiki/Denys_Page" title="Denys Page">Denys Page</a> states that there is no textual evidence in Sappho on which to base this assertion, or the putative identification of the character with Anactoria.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An interpretation popular in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, that Sappho held a formal post as a teacher or "schoolmistress", is generally considered anachronistic and unsupported by the available evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell1967261Klinck200815–19RayorLardinois201415_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell1967261Klinck200815–19RayorLardinois201415-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distinction between Sappho's "companions" and "pupils", established in the <i>Suda</i>, is unlikely to have reflected reality: if Sappho did have a pedagogical role, which is not evidenced in her own writings, it is likely that it overlapped with her personal and erotic relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLachlan1997161Klinck200819Lardinois2022272_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLachlan1997161Klinck200819Lardinois2022272-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miletus-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Miletus_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Anaktoria</i> was an alternative name for Miletus: various traditions linked the name to a mythical king named <a href="/wiki/Anax_(mythology)" title="Anax (mythology)">Anax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitz1870162_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitz1870162-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The authorship of the poem is unclear: several scholars dispute the traditional identification of Ovid as the author.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarrant1981Rosati1996207Rimell1999110–111_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarrant1981Rosati1996207Rimell1999110–111-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles E. Murgia has suggested that it was written after Ovid's <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Epistula ex Ponto</i></span> and before the tragedies of <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a> (who died in 65 CE), possibly by an unknown poet of the generation after Ovid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurgia1985466,_472_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurgia1985466,_472-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">digamma</a> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ϝ</span></span>) written at the start of Anactoria's name, with a sound value similar to the English <i>w</i>, is unlikely to have been pronounced in Sappho's dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrins199644_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrins199644-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swinburne, in a letter of 1880, described Sappho as "the greatest poet that ever was at all".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagner-Lawlor1996917_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagner-Lawlor1996917-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERayorLardinois201433-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERayorLardinois201433_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRayorLardinois2014">Rayor & Lardinois 2014</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPurves2021">Purves 2021</a>, p. 176. For a translation of the poem, see <a href="#CITEREFSpraggs2006a">Spraggs 2006a</a>. For Sappho's dates, see <a href="#CITEREFKivilo2010">Kivilo 2010</a>, p. 198, n. 174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfeijffer20006-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfeijffer20006_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPfeijffer2000">Pfeijffer 2000</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWharton1908">Wharton 1908</a>, pp. 25, 35–36; <a href="#CITEREFPrins2020">Prins 2020</a>, p. 66 (for the name and its traditional nature); <a href="#CITEREFSpraggs2006b">Spraggs 2006b</a> (for the poem's text).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreenberg1991">Greenberg 1991</a>, pp. 80–81; <a href="#CITEREFBarnstone2010">Barnstone 2010</a>, p. 305. Greenberg numbers the fragment as 141, following <a href="#CITEREFBarnstone1962">Barnstone 1962</a>. For the identification of Atthis, see <a href="#CITEREFRayorLardinois2014">Rayor & Lardinois 2014</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199180–81Barnstone2010305-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199180–81Barnstone2010305_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreenberg1991">Greenberg 1991</a>, pp. 80–81; <a href="#CITEREFBarnstone2010">Barnstone 2010</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPage1955">Page 1955</a>, p. 93, citing <a href="#CITEREFLavagnini1937">Lavagnini 1937</a>, pp. 139–140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1967442-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1967442_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWills1967">Wills 1967</a>, p. 442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown19897–9-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown19897–9_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1989">Brown 1989</a>, pp. 7–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198913–14-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198913–14_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1989">Brown 1989</a>, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198914-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198914_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198914_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198914_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198914_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1989">Brown 1989</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell1967261Klinck200815–19RayorLardinois201415-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell1967261Klinck200815–19RayorLardinois201415_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell1967">Campbell 1967</a>, p. 261; <a href="#CITEREFKlinck2008">Klinck 2008</a>, pp. 15–19; <a href="#CITEREFRayorLardinois2014">Rayor & Lardinois 2014</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLachlan1997161Klinck200819Lardinois2022272-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLachlan1997161Klinck200819Lardinois2022272_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacLachlan1997">MacLachlan 1997</a>, p. 161; <a href="#CITEREFKlinck2008">Klinck 2008</a>, p. 19; <a href="#CITEREFLardinois2022">Lardinois 2022</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERayorLardinois20145-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERayorLardinois20145_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRayorLardinois2014">Rayor & Lardinois 2014</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord2011120-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord2011120_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord2011120_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord2011120_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFord2011">Ford 2011</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitz1870162-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitz1870162_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmitz1870">Schmitz 1870</a>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson-Robinson201015–17-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson-Robinson201015–17_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodson-Robinson2010">Dodson-Robinson 2010</a>, pp. 15–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoniaris1967266-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoniaris1967266_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoniaris1967">Koniaris 1967</a>, p. 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMost198112-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMost198112_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMost1981">Most 1981</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest1970318–320Most199635-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest1970318–320Most199635_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWest1970">West 1970</a>, pp. 318–320; <a href="#CITEREFMost1996">Most 1996</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERupp2012853–854-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERupp2012853–854_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRupp2012">Rupp 2012</a>, pp. 853–854.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallett1979463Lardinois2021170-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallett1979463Lardinois2021170_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallett1979">Hallett 1979</a>, p. 463; <a href="#CITEREFLardinois2021">Lardinois 2021</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson1963242-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson1963242_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobinson1963">Robinson 1963</a>, p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETarrant1981Rosati1996207Rimell1999110–111-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarrant1981Rosati1996207Rimell1999110–111_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTarrant1981">Tarrant 1981</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRosati1996">Rosati 1996</a>, p. 207; <a href="#CITEREFRimell1999">Rimell 1999</a>, pp. 110–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurgia1985466,_472-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurgia1985466,_472_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMurgia1985">Murgia 1985</a>, pp. 466, 472.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord2011203-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord2011203_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFord2011">Ford 2011</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson20128-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson20128_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnson2012">Johnson 2012</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrins199644-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrins199644_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrins1996">Prins 1996</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2013202-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2013202_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParker2013">Parker 2013</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZonana199042–43-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZonana199042–43_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZonana1990">Zonana 1990</a>, pp. 42–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook197187Greenberg199180-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook197187Greenberg199180_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCook1971">Cook 1971</a>, p. 87; <a href="#CITEREFGreenberg1991">Greenberg 1991</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook197190-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook197190_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCook1971">Cook 1971</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaxwell200140-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaxwell200140_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaxwell2001">Maxwell 2001</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagner-Lawlor1996917-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagner-Lawlor1996917_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagner-Lawlor1996917_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWagner-Lawlor1996">Wagner-Lawlor 1996</a>, p. 917.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan1984180Wagner-Lawlor1996922-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan1984180Wagner-Lawlor1996922_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorgan1984">Morgan 1984</a>, p. 180; <a href="#CITEREFWagner-Lawlor1996">Wagner-Lawlor 1996</a>, p. 922.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook197177Dellamora199078-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook197177Dellamora199078_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCook1971">Cook 1971</a>, p. 77; <a href="#CITEREFDellamora1990">Dellamora 1990</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELipking19882-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipking19882_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLipking1988">Lipking 1988</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaxwellEvangelista20136-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaxwellEvangelista20136_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaxwellEvangelista2013">Maxwell & Evangelista 2013</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson1963219–220-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson1963219–220_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobinson1963">Robinson 1963</a>, pp. 219–220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELipking1988118–119-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipking1988118–119_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLipking1988">Lipking 1988</a>, pp. 118–119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson196332-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson196332_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobinson1963">Robinson 1963</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarnstone1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Willis_Barnstone" title="Willis Barnstone">Barnstone, Willis</a> (1962). <i>Greek Lyric Poetry</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2771762">2771762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Lyric+Poetry&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2771762&rft.aulast=Barnstone&rft.aufirst=Willis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarnstone2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Willis_Barnstone" title="Willis Barnstone">Barnstone, Willis</a> (2010). <i>Greek Lyric Poetry</i>. Introduction by William E. McCulloh. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00389-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00389-8"><bdi>978-0-253-00389-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Lyric+Poetry&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-253-00389-8&rft.aulast=Barnstone&rft.aufirst=Willis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown1989" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Christopher (1989). "Anactoria and the Χαρίτων ἀμαρύγματα". <i>Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica</i>. <b>32</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">7–</span>15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20546993">10.2307/20546993</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0033-4987">0033-4987</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20546993">20546993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaderni+Urbinati+di+Cultura+Classica&rft.atitle=Anactoria+and+the+%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%E1%BC%80%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%8D%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=0033-4987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20546993%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20546993&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1967" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, D. A. (1967). <i>Greek Lyric Poetry: A Selection of Early Greek Lyric, Elegiac and Iambic Poetry</i>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/867865631">867865631</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Lyric+Poetry%3A+A+Selection+of+Early+Greek+Lyric%2C+Elegiac+and+Iambic+Poetry&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F867865631&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCook1971" class="citation journal cs1">Cook, David A. (1971). "The Content and Meaning of Swinburne's 'Anactoria'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Victorian Poetry</i>. <b>9</b> (1/2): <span class="nowrap">77–</span>93. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1530-7190">1530-7190</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40001590">40001590</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Poetry&rft.atitle=The+Content+and+Meaning+of+Swinburne%27s+%27Anactoria%27&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40001590%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1530-7190&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDellamora1990" class="citation book cs1">Dellamora, Richard (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masculinedesire00rich"><i>Masculine Desire: The Sexual Politics of Victorian Aestheticism</i></a></span>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-4267-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-4267-2"><bdi>0-8078-4267-2</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masculine+Desire%3A+The+Sexual+Politics+of+Victorian+Aestheticism&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-8078-4267-2&rft.aulast=Dellamora&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmasculinedesire00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDodson-Robinson2010" class="citation journal cs1">Dodson-Robinson, Eric (2010). "Helen's 'Judgement of Paris' and Greek Marriage Ritual in Sappho 16". <i>Arethusa</i>. <b>43</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fare.0.0032">10.1353/are.0.0032</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2152%2F34292">2152/34292</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1080-6504">1080-6504</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44578316">44578316</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arethusa&rft.atitle=Helen%27s+%27Judgement+of+Paris%27+and+Greek+Marriage+Ritual+in+Sappho+16&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2152%2F34292&rft.issn=1080-6504&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44578316%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fare.0.0032&rft.aulast=Dodson-Robinson&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFord2011" class="citation book cs1">Ford, Andrew L. (2011). <i>Aristotle as Poet: The Song for Hermias and Its Contexts</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973329-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973329-3"><bdi>978-0-19-973329-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aristotle+as+Poet%3A+The+Song+for+Hermias+and+Its+Contexts&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-973329-3&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Andrew+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoffHarloe2021" class="citation book cs1">Goff, Barbara; Harloe, Katherine (2021). "Sappho in the 20th Century and Beyond". In Finglass, P. J.; Kelly, Adrian (eds.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Sappho</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781316986974">10.1017/9781316986974</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2066%2F241243">2066/241243</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-63877-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-63877-4"><bdi>978-1-316-63877-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sappho+in+the+20th+Century+and+Beyond&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Sappho&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2066%2F241243&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316986974&rft.isbn=978-1-316-63877-4&rft.aulast=Goff&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.au=Harloe%2C+Katherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGordon2002" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Pamela (2002). "Introduction". In Warden, Susan (ed.). <i>Sappho: Poems and Fragments</i>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Lombardo" title="Stanley Lombardo">Stanley Lombardo</a>. Indianapolis: Hackett. pp. <span class="nowrap">v–</span>xxv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87220-591-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87220-591-6"><bdi>0-87220-591-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Sappho%3A+Poems+and+Fragments&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Ev-%3C%2Fspan%3Exxv&rft.pub=Hackett&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87220-591-6&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg1991" class="citation journal cs1">Greenberg, Robert A. (1991). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Erotion', 'Anactoria', and the Sapphic Passion". <i>Victorian Poetry</i>. <b>29</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">79–</span>87. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1530-7190">1530-7190</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40002057">40002057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Poetry&rft.atitle=%27Erotion%27%2C+%27Anactoria%27%2C+and+the+Sapphic+Passion&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E79-%3C%2Fspan%3E87&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40002057%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1530-7190&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHallett1979" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Judith_P._Hallett" title="Judith P. Hallett">Hallett, Judith</a> (1979). "Sappho and Her Social Context: Sense and Sensuality". <i>Signs</i>. <b>4</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">447–</span>464. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F493630">10.1086/493630</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0097-9740">0097-9740</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3173393">3173393</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Signs&rft.atitle=Sappho+and+Her+Social+Context%3A+Sense+and+Sensuality&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E447-%3C%2Fspan%3E464&rft.date=1979&rft.issn=0097-9740&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3173393%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F493630&rft.aulast=Hallett&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2012" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Marguerite (2012). "The Role of <i>Eros</i> in Improving the Pupil, or What Socrates Learned from Sappho". In Johnson, Marguerite; Tarrant, Harold (eds.). <i>Alcibiades and the Socratic Lover-Educator</i>. London: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. <span class="nowrap">7–</span>29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-0446-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-0446-3"><bdi>978-1-4725-0446-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Eros+in+Improving+the+Pupil%2C+or+What+Socrates+Learned+from+Sappho&rft.btitle=Alcibiades+and+the+Socratic+Lover-Educator&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4725-0446-3&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Marguerite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKivilo2010" class="citation book cs1">Kivilo, Maarit (2010). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/18797?language=en"><i>Early Greek Poets' Lives: The Shaping of the Tradition</i></a></span>. 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"Sappho's Company of Friends". <i>Hermes</i>. <b>136</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">15–</span>29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25162%2Fhermes-2008-0002">10.25162/hermes-2008-0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-0777">0018-0777</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40379149">40379149</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hermes&rft.atitle=Sappho%27s+Company+of+Friends&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0018-0777&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40379149%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25162%2Fhermes-2008-0002&rft.aulast=Klinck&rft.aufirst=Anne+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoniaris1967" class="citation journal cs1">Koniaris, George L. (1967). "On Sappho, Fr. 16 (L. 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(1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/abandonedwomenpo00lipk"><i>Abandoned Women and Poetic Tradition</i></a></span>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-48452-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-48452-1"><bdi>0-226-48452-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abandoned+Women+and+Poetic+Tradition&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-226-48452-1&rft.aulast=Lipking&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fabandonedwomenpo00lipk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell2001" class="citation book cs1">Maxwell, Catherine (2001). <i>The Female Sublime from Milton to Swinburne: Bearing Blindness</i>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5752-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5752-6"><bdi>978-0-7190-5752-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Female+Sublime+from+Milton+to+Swinburne%3A+Bearing+Blindness&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5752-6&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaxwellEvangelista2013" class="citation book cs1">Maxwell, Catherine; Evangelista, Stefano (2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/300/edited_volume/chapter/2256466">"Introduction"</a></span>. In Maxwell, Catherine; Evangelista, Stefano (eds.). <i>Algernon Charles Swinburne: Unofficial Laureate</i>. University of Manchester Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5261-3048-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5261-3048-8"><bdi>978-1-5261-3048-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Algernon+Charles+Swinburne%3A+Unofficial+Laureate&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.pub=University+of+Manchester+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-5261-3048-8&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Evangelista%2C+Stefano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fpub%2F300%2Fedited_volume%2Fchapter%2F2256466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacLachlan1997" class="citation book cs1">MacLachlan, Bonnie C. (1997). "Personal Poetry". In Gerber, Douglas E. (ed.). <i>A Companion to the Greek Lyric Poets</i>. Leiden: Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">133–</span>220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09944-1" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09944-1"><bdi>90-04-09944-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Personal+Poetry&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Greek+Lyric+Poets&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E133-%3C%2Fspan%3E220&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=90-04-09944-1&rft.aulast=MacLachlan&rft.aufirst=Bonnie+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1984" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Thaïs E. (1984). "Swinburne's Dramatic Monologues: Sex and Ideology". <i>Victorian Poetry</i>. <b>22</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">175–</span>195. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1530-7190">1530-7190</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40002965">40002965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Poetry&rft.atitle=Swinburne%27s+Dramatic+Monologues%3A+Sex+and+Ideology&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E175-%3C%2Fspan%3E195&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40002965%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1530-7190&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Tha%C3%AFs+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMost1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Most" title="Glenn W. Most">Most, Glenn</a> (1981). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3313814">"Sappho Fr. 16. 6-7L-P"</a></span>. <i>The Classical Quarterly</i>. <b>31</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0009838800021030">10.1017/S0009838800021030</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-8388">0009-8388</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/638456">638456</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-19</span></span> – via Academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Sappho+Fr.+16.+6-7L-P&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.date=1981&rft.issn=0009-8388&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F638456%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0009838800021030&rft.aulast=Most&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3313814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMost1996" class="citation book cs1">Most, Glenn (1996). "Reflecting Sappho". In Greene, Ellen (ed.). <i>Re-Reading Sappho: Reception and Transmission</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">11–</span>35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20603-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20603-8"><bdi>978-0-520-20603-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reflecting+Sappho&rft.btitle=Re-Reading+Sappho%3A+Reception+and+Transmission&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-520-20603-8&rft.aulast=Most&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurgia1985" class="citation journal cs1">Murgia, Charles E. (1985). "Imitation and Authenticity in Ovid: <i>Metamorphoses</i> 1.477 and <i>Heroides</i> 15". <i>The American Journal of Philology</i>. <b>106</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">456–</span>474. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F295197">10.2307/295197</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9475">0002-9475</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/295197">295197</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Philology&rft.atitle=Imitation+and+Authenticity+in+Ovid%3A+Metamorphoses+1.477+and+Heroides+15&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E456-%3C%2Fspan%3E474&rft.date=1985&rft.issn=0002-9475&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F295197%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F295197&rft.aulast=Murgia&rft.aufirst=Charles+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPage1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Denys_Page" title="Denys Page">Page, Denys</a> (1955). <i>Sappho and Alcaeus: An Introduction to the Study of Ancient Lesbian Poetry</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/848510784">848510784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sappho+and+Alcaeus%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Study+of+Ancient+Lesbian+Poetry&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F848510784&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=Denys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParker2013" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Sarah (2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/300/edited_volume/chapter/2256479/pdf">"Whose Muse? Sappho, Swinburne, and Amy Lowell"</a></span>. In Maxwell, Catherine; Evangelista, Stefano (eds.). <i>Algernon Charles Swinburne: Unofficial Laureate</i>. University of Manchester Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">193–</span>212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5261-3048-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5261-3048-8"><bdi>978-1-5261-3048-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Whose+Muse%3F+Sappho%2C+Swinburne%2C+and+Amy+Lowell&rft.btitle=Algernon+Charles+Swinburne%3A+Unofficial+Laureate&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E193-%3C%2Fspan%3E212&rft.pub=University+of+Manchester+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-5261-3048-8&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fpub%2F300%2Fedited_volume%2Fchapter%2F2256479%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPfeijffer2000" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ilja_Leonard_Pfeijffer" title="Ilja Leonard Pfeijffer">Pfeijffer, Ilja Leonard</a> (2000). "Shifting Helen: An Interpretation of Sappho, Fragment 16 (Voigt)". <i>The Classical Quarterly</i>. <b>50</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcq%2F50.1.1">10.1093/cq/50.1.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-8388">0009-8388</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1558930">1558930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Shifting+Helen%3A+An+Interpretation+of+Sappho%2C+Fragment+16+%28Voigt%29&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2000&rft.issn=0009-8388&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1558930%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcq%2F50.1.1&rft.aulast=Pfeijffer&rft.aufirst=Ilja+Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrins1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yopie_Prins" title="Yopie Prins">Prins, Yopie</a> (1996). "Sappho's Afterlife in Translation". In Greene, Ellen (ed.). <i>Re-Reading Sappho: Reception and Transmission</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">36–</span>67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20603-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20603-8"><bdi>978-0-520-20603-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sappho%27s+Afterlife+in+Translation&rft.btitle=Re-Reading+Sappho%3A+Reception+and+Transmission&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E36-%3C%2Fspan%3E67&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-520-20603-8&rft.aulast=Prins&rft.aufirst=Yopie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrins2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yopie_Prins" title="Yopie Prins">Prins, Yopie</a> (2020). <i>Victorian Sappho</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-05919-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-05919-8"><bdi>978-0-691-05919-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victorian+Sappho&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-691-05919-8&rft.aulast=Prins&rft.aufirst=Yopie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPurves2021" class="citation book cs1">Purves, Alex (2021). "Sappho's Lyric Sensibility". In Finglass, P. J.; Kelly, Adrian (eds.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Sappho</i>. 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"Swinburne's Sappho: The Muse as Sister-Goddess". <i>Victorian Poetry</i>. <b>28</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">39–</span>50. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1530-7190">1530-7190</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40002039">40002039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Poetry&rft.atitle=Swinburne%27s+Sappho%3A+The+Muse+as+Sister-Goddess&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40002039%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1530-7190&rft.aulast=Zonana&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnactoria" 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title="Sappho 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithonus_poem" title="Tithonus poem">Tithonus poem</a> (58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho_94" title="Sappho 94">94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho_96" title="Sappho 96">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_poem" title="Midnight poem">Midnight poem</a> (168B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Poem" title="Brothers Poem">Brothers Poem</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brygos_Painter_ARV_385_228_Alkaios_and_Sappho_-_Dionysos_and_maenad_(09).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Head of a woman painted on a red-figure vase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Brygos_Painter_ARV_385_228_Alkaios_and_Sappho_-_Dionysos_and_maenad_%2809%29.jpg/55px-Brygos_Painter_ARV_385_228_Alkaios_and_Sappho_-_Dionysos_and_maenad_%2809%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="55" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Brygos_Painter_ARV_385_228_Alkaios_and_Sappho_-_Dionysos_and_maenad_%2809%29.jpg/83px-Brygos_Painter_ARV_385_228_Alkaios_and_Sappho_-_Dionysos_and_maenad_%2809%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Brygos_Painter_ARV_385_228_Alkaios_and_Sappho_-_Dionysos_and_maenad_%2809%29.jpg/110px-Brygos_Painter_ARV_385_228_Alkaios_and_Sappho_-_Dionysos_and_maenad_%2809%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5154" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Papyri</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_7" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 7">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_1231" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1231">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1231</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editors and translators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Barnard" title="Mary Barnard">Mary Barnard</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sappho:_A_New_Translation" title="Sappho: A New Translation">Sappho: A New Translation</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Bergk" title="Theodor Bergk">Theodor Bergk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Carson" title="Anne Carson">Anne Carson</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/If_Not,_Winter" title="If Not, Winter">If Not, Winter</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dacier" title="Anne Dacier">Anne Dacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maxwell_Edmonds" title="John Maxwell Edmonds">John Maxwell Edmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Lobel" title="Edgar Lobel">Edgar Lobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Page" title="Denys Page">Denys Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva-Maria_Voigt" title="Eva-Maria Voigt">Eva-Maria Voigt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anactoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphic_stanza" title="Sapphic stanza">Sapphic stanza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-09-12T03:04:19Z","dateModified":"2025-02-28T07:22:04Z","headline":"name of a woman mentioned by Sappho"}</script> </body> </html>