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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:ISO/IEC_19788##" title="Talk:ISO/IEC 19788">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22ISO%2FIEC+19788%22">"ISO/IEC 19788"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22ISO%2FIEC+19788%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22ISO%2FIEC+19788%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22ISO%2FIEC+19788%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22ISO%2FIEC+19788%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22ISO%2FIEC+19788%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>ISO/IEC 19788</b> <i>Information technology – Learning, education and training – Metadata for learning resources</i><sup id="cite_ref-ISOcatalogue_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISOcatalogue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a multi-part standard prepared by <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_36" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 36">subcommittee SC 36</a> of the <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1">joint technical committee ISO/IEC JTC 1</a>, Information Technology for Learning, Education and Training. </p><p>It is recognized as a horizontal standard dealing with a subject relevant to a number of committees or sectors and of crucial importance to ensure the coherence of the corpus of standardization deliverables. It provides specifications of generic data elements attributes and rules used to define the semantic meaning of any type of information in a predictable way with the aim of supporting multilingual and cultural adaptability requirements from a global perspective. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Original_purpose">Original purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Original purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core">ISO 15836 Dublin Core</a> (DC) and the <a href="/wiki/Learning_object_metadata" title="Learning object metadata">IEEE 1484.12.1-2002 Learning Object Metadata (LOM)</a> are widely used to describe learning resources. However, interoperability among DC data sets is challenging, as best practices are only recommended. Instead of using <a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a>, a DC Date element can be written in plain language and not processed by queries. Ambiguous definitions pose another challenge as data elements and vocabulary values can be interpreted in a subjective way. For example, the DC Date can be linked to resource creation time, update or publication. In the LOM, the Cost element can only have a “yes” or “no” values. This is also true for LOM records as they are based on a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Application_profile" title="Application profile">Application profiles</a>. The ISO/IEC 19788 standard is intended to provide optimal compatibility with both DC and the LOM and supports multilingual and cultural adaptability requirements from a global perspective. The standard has two primary purposes: </p> <ul><li>facilitate the identification and specification of the metadata elements required to describe a learning resource by providing metadata elements and their attributes</li> <li>support search, discovery, acquisition, evaluation, and use of learning resources by learners, instructors or automated software processes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_Element_Specification_(DES)"><span id="Data_Element_Specification_.28DES.29"></span>Data Element Specification (DES)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Data Element Specification (DES)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To avoid ambiguity and provide interoperability, metadata learning resources (MLR) data elements are documented using attributes. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Attribute</th> <th>Usage </th></tr> <tr> <td>Identifier</td> <td>Sequential numbering of DES within a part. For example, <i>ISO_IEC_19788-2:2011::DES0100</i> (Title) is the first data element defined in part 2. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Property name</td> <td>data element name string </td></tr> <tr> <td>Definition</td> <td>data element definition string </td></tr> <tr> <td>Linguistic indicator</td> <td>indicates if multiple linguistic equivalents are possible or not </td></tr> <tr> <td>Domain</td> <td>resource class of items that can be described by the data element, such as <i>Audience</i> or <i>Learning activity</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Codomain</td> <td>can either be a literal (such as a book title) or a resource class (a set of accepted values, such as a list of terms identifiers from a controlled vocabulary list). </td></tr> <tr> <td>Content value rules</td> <td>rule set attached to the DES, for example the mandatory use of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (ISO/IEC 10646-1:2003) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Refines</td> <td>indicates if a DES is a refinement of another one. For example, constraining the values to ISO 8601 for the <i>Date</i> Dublin Core data element in a new data element is considered as a refinement of the first one. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Example(s)</td> <td>optional example(s) of value </td></tr> <tr> <td>Note(s)</td> <td>optional additional information, such as best practice </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resource_Description_Framework_Approach">Resource Description Framework Approach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Resource Description Framework Approach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">Resource Description Framework</a> is a method for conceptual description of metadata information. Assertions about a learning resource are made using triples (subject, predicate, object) where <i>subject</i> represents the learning resource, <i>predicate</i> is a property identifier and <i>object</i> is the property value. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <caption align="bottom" style="caption-side: bottom; text-align: center;">A MLR triple for the title property of a learning resource </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Subject</th> <th>Predicate</th> <th>Object </th></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-18162-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-18162-2">0-262-18162-2</a></td> <td>ISO_IEC_19788-2:2011::DES0100</td> <td>Turtle, Termites, and Traffic Jams@en </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In a MLR triple, the <i>subject</i> is always the literal of an identifier of the learning resource, such as a <a href="/wiki/URI" class="mw-redirect" title="URI">URI</a> or <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>. The <i>predicate</i> is also a literal, the MLR data element specification (DES) identifier. For example, <i>ISO_IEC_19788-2:2011::DES0100</i> tells us that this DES can be found in part 2 of the standard and DES0100 is the data element used to identify the title of the learning resource. Finally, the <i>object</i> can be a literal (in this example, the book title) or a resource class (a set of accepted values, such as a list of terms identifiers from a controlled vocabulary list). </p><p>Computers can easily connect and query <a href="/wiki/Linked_data" title="Linked data">linked data</a> structured information. For example, a teacher wishing to annotate a learning resource may do it a single <a href="/wiki/RDFa" title="RDFa">RDFa</a> triple. A repository service could gather all the information about a given learning resource from a wide variety of external sources, providing much richer information than a single provider record. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parts_description">Parts description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Parts description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_1:_Framework">Part 1: Framework</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Part 1: Framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Provides principles, rules and structures for the specification of the description of a learning resource </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_2:_Dublin_Core_elements">Part 2: Dublin Core elements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Part 2: Dublin Core elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Provides a based level made of the 15 data element set for the description of learning resources, from the <i>ISO 15836:2009 The Dublin Core metadata element set</i>, using the framework provided in Part 1. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_3:_Basic_application_profile">Part 3: Basic application profile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Part 3: Basic application profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Specifies, through adding constraints to the use of some data elements, how the ISO/IEC 19788-2 element set can be used as a starting point for adopting the ISO/IEC 19788 standard. </p><p>Part 3 promotes interoperability among repositories. It is expected that users communities will enhance this application profile by adding data elements from other authorities such as IEEE-LOM and Dublin Core extension and by adding vocabulary constrains. </p><p>Future editions of this part will likely include additional data element from Parts 4 and beyond such as Technical or Educational data elements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_4:_Technical_elements">Part 4: Technical elements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Part 4: Technical elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Provides information in the form of metadata elements about conditions pertaining to the technical requirements, location, and size information </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_5:_Educational_elements">Part 5: Educational elements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Part 5: Educational elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Provides an extensive set of data elements describing the intended or actual use of learning resources across various jurisdictional, cultural and linguistic settings. The description of pedagogical use of a learning resource includes annotations, contributions, curriculum, educational outcome, audience and learning activity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_7:_Bindings">Part 7: Bindings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Part 7: Bindings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part 7 provides RDF mappings of the different MLR entities introduced in the MLR framework: Data element specifications, resource classes, data elements, application profiles, MLR records and data element group specifications. It also provides an OWL 2 DL ontology for the resource classes and data element specifications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_8:_Data_elements_for_MLR_records">Part 8: Data elements for MLR records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Part 8: Data elements for MLR records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This Part enables the support storage of learning resource description in databases and the exchange of descriptions through harvesting mechanisms. It can be used to keep track of the record editing process including global metadata author identification, last record update and application profile used for the description of a learning resource. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_9:_Data_elements_for_Persons">Part 9: Data elements for Persons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Part 9: Data elements for Persons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Provides data elements for the description of persons (natural or legal) that are related to the description of a learning resource. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_11:_Migration_from_LOM_to_MLR">Part 11: Migration from LOM to MLR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Part 11: Migration from LOM to MLR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Provides guidance in the form of rules and heuristics for the conversion of an IEEE 1484.12.1-2002 (LOM) record to a MLR data element set. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ISOcatalogue-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISOcatalogue_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/advanced-search/x/title/status/P/docNumber/19788/docPartNo/docType/0/langCode/ics/currentStage/true/searchAbstract/true/stage/stageDateStart/stageDateEnd/committee/sdg">ISO catalogue entries for ISO/IEC 19788</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19788&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourdaGauthierCatteauGomez_de_Regil2010" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bourda, Yolaine; Gauthier, Gilles; Catteau, Olivier; Gomez de Regil, Rosa-Maria (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sticef.univ-lemans.fr/num/vol2010/08r-bourda/sticef_2010_bourda_08r.htm">"Métadonnées pour ressources d'apprentissage (MLR) - Nouvelle norme ISO de description de ressources pédagogiques"</a>, <i>Sticef</i> (in French), <b>17</b><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sticef&rft.atitle=M%C3%A9tadonn%C3%A9es+pour+ressources+d%27apprentissage+%28MLR%29+-+Nouvelle+norme+ISO+de+description+de+ressources+p%C3%A9dagogiques&rft.volume=17&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Bourda&rft.aufirst=Yolaine&rft.au=Gauthier%2C+Gilles&rft.au=Catteau%2C+Olivier&rft.au=Gomez+de+Regil%2C+Rosa-Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsticef.univ-lemans.fr%2Fnum%2Fvol2010%2F08r-bourda%2Fsticef_2010_bourda_08r.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+19788" class="Z3988"></span> </p><p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurrier2008" class="citation cs2">Currier, Sarah (April 2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111001055953/http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue55/currier/">"Metadata for Learning Resources: An Update on Standards Activity for 2008"</a>, <i>Ariadne</i>, <b>55</b>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue55/currier/">the original</a> on 1 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ariadne&rft.atitle=Metadata+for+Learning+Resources%3A+An+Update+on+Standards+Activity+for+2008&rft.volume=55&rft.date=2008-04&rft.aulast=Currier&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ariadne.ac.uk%2Fissue55%2Fcurrier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+19788" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IEC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60027" title="IEC 60027">60027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60034" title="IEC 60034">60034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60038" title="IEC 60038">60038</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKM_code" title="RKM code">60062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_series_of_preferred_numbers" title="E series of preferred numbers">60063</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60068" title="IEC 60068">60068</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_Tracking_Index" title="Comparative Tracking Index">60112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60228" title="IEC 60228">60228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60269" title="IEC 60269">60269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">60297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60309" title="IEC 60309">60309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60320" title="IEC 60320">60320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60364" title="IEC 60364">60364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60446" title="IEC 60446">60446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_754" title="IEEE 754">60559</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60601" title="IEC 60601">60601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870" title="IEC 60870">60870</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870-5" title="IEC 60870-5">60870-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870-6" title="IEC 60870-6">60870-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60906-1" title="IEC 60906-1">60906-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">60908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60929" title="IEC 60929">60929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">60958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_60980-344&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEC 60980-344 (page does not exist)">60980-344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">61030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131" title="IEC 61131">61131</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131-3" title="IEC 61131-3">61131-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IO-Link" title="IO-Link">61131-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61162" title="IEC 61162">61162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61334" title="IEC 61334">61334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61355" title="IEC 61355">61355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61360" title="IEC 61360">61360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61400" title="IEC 61400">61400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61499" title="IEC 61499">61499</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61508" title="IEC 61508">61508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61511" title="IEC 61511">61511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61850" title="IEC 61850">61850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61851" title="IEC 61851">61851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61883" title="IEC 61883">61883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_nomenclature" title="Battery nomenclature">61960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61968" title="IEC 61968">61968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61970" title="IEC 61970">61970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP-XACT" title="IP-XACT">62014-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">62026</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62056" title="IEC 62056">62056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62061" title="IEC 62061">62061</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62196" title="IEC 62196">62196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_62262" title="EN 62262">62262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62264" title="IEC 62264">62264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62304" title="IEC 62304">62304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62325" title="IEC 62325">62325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62351" title="IEC 62351">62351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES47" title="AES47">62365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62366" title="IEC 62366">62366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62379" title="IEC 62379">62379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Addressable_Lighting_Interface" title="Digital Addressable Lighting Interface">62386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62455" title="IEC 62455">62455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">62680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62682" title="IEC 62682">62682</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62700" title="IEC 62700">62700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63110" title="IEC 63110">63110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63119" title="IEC 63119">63119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63382" title="IEC 63382">63382</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ISO/IEC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10021" title="ISO/IEC 10021">10021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">13346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHEG-5" title="MHEG-5">13522-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">19788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24727" title="ISO/IEC 24727">24727</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24744" title="ISO/IEC 24744">24744</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Remote_Console" title="Universal Remote Console">24752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000-series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27040" title="ISO/IEC 27040">27040</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_29119" title="ISO/IEC 29119">29119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_33001" title="ISO/IEC 33001">33001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_81346" title="IEC 81346">81346</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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