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The role of climate fluctuations in the development and contraction of agriculture in Asia Minor and the Middle East from the 4th till the 7th c. AD" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Over the recent decades, archaeologists have unearthed abundant evidence for the existence of a prosperous rural world in the late antique East. However, only very slowly did the historians of late antiquity become aware of this phenomenon and" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://shh-mpg.academia.edu/AdamIzdebski" /> <meta name="description" content="Over the recent decades, archaeologists have unearthed abundant evidence for the existence of a prosperous rural world in the late antique East. However, only very slowly did the historians of late antiquity become aware of this phenomenon and" /> <title>(PDF) Why did agriculture flourish in the late antique East? The role of climate fluctuations in the development and contraction of agriculture in Asia Minor and the Middle East from the 4th till the 7th c. AD | Adam Izdebski - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/1140852/Why_did_agriculture_flourish_in_the_late_antique_East_The_role_of_climate_fluctuations_in_the_development_and_contraction_of_agriculture_in_Asia_Minor_and_the_Middle_East_from_the_4th_till_the_7th_c_AD" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732470400000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732470400000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Over the recent decades, archaeologists have unearthed abundant evidence for the existence of a prosperous rural world in the late antique East. However, only very slowly did the historians of late antiquity become aware of this phenomenon and comprehensive studies of its agricultural and socio-economic aspects started to appear as recently as the last few years. One of the key factors which must have facilitated the unparalleled development of agriculture underlying the prosperity of the late antique countryside were climatic fluctuations. Thanks to the growing body of scientific evidence, in particular palynological and limnological research, it is now possible to claim with relative certainty that late antiquity was a period of unusual humidity in the climatic history of the Mediterranean, and it was followed by a particularly dry centuries of the early Middle Ages. This study evaluates the degree to which these changes influenced agricultural developments by discussing three regional case studies: south-western Asia Minor (Lycia, Caria and Pisidia), the plains of south-central Anatolia, and Palestine. In almost every case, the more favourable late antique hydrological conditions made significantly easier, if not encouraged, the expansion of cultivation into environmentally marginal lands, while this boom in agricultural production must have created incentives for the development of rural economy in areas with more stable natural conditions. These complex technological and socio-economic processes attest to the capability of the eastern Roman society to respond skilfully to the changing natural conditions, which it owed to the complexity and flexibility inherited from the previous generations.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Adam Izdebski"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2011-12-07","dateModified":"2014-06-04","datePublished":null,"headline":"Why did agriculture flourish in the late antique East? The role of climate fluctuations in the development and contraction of agriculture in Asia Minor and the Middle East from the 4th till the 7th c. AD","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Late Antique and Byzantine History","Late Antique Archaeology","Byzantine Studies","Late Antiquity","Impacts Of Climatic Change On Agriculture","Agricultural History","Ancient Agriculture \u0026 Farming (Archaeology)"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/1140852/Why_did_agriculture_flourish_in_the_late_antique_East_The_role_of_climate_fluctuations_in_the_development_and_contraction_of_agriculture_in_Asia_Minor_and_the_Middle_East_from_the_4th_till_the_7th_c_AD","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"shh-mpg"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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{"work":{"id":1140852,"created_at":"2011-12-07T00:26:52.500-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-15T22:33:14.543-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Over the recent decades, archaeologists have unearthed abundant evidence for the existence of a prosperous rural world in the late antique East. However, only very slowly did the historians of late antiquity become aware of this phenomenon and comprehensive studies of its agricultural and socio-economic aspects started to appear as recently as the last few years. One of the key factors which must have facilitated the unparalleled development of agriculture underlying the prosperity of the late antique countryside were climatic fluctuations. Thanks to the growing body of scientific evidence, in particular palynological and limnological research, it is now possible to claim with relative certainty that late antiquity was a period of unusual humidity in the climatic history of the Mediterranean, and it was followed by a particularly dry centuries of the early Middle Ages. This study evaluates the degree to which these changes influenced agricultural developments by discussing three regional case studies: south-western Asia Minor (Lycia, Caria and Pisidia), the plains of south-central Anatolia, and Palestine. In almost every case, the more favourable late antique hydrological conditions made significantly easier, if not encouraged, the expansion of cultivation into environmentally marginal lands, while this boom in agricultural production must have created incentives for the development of rural economy in areas with more stable natural conditions. These complex technological and socio-economic processes attest to the capability of the eastern Roman society to respond skilfully to the changing natural conditions, which it owed to the complexity and flexibility inherited from the previous generations.","more_info":"Millennium. Jahrbuch zu Kultur und Geschichte des ersten Jahrtausends n. Chr. (2011) 291-312"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Why did agriculture flourish in the late antique East? The role of climate fluctuations in the development and contraction of agriculture in Asia Minor and the Middle East from the 4th till the 7th c. AD","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [1022646]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":7945787,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Why did agriculture flourish in the late antique East? 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The role of climate fluctuations in the development and contraction of agriculture in Asia Minor and the Middle East from the 4th till the 7th c. AD</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1022646" href="https://shh-mpg.academia.edu/AdamIzdebski"><img alt="Profile image of Adam Izdebski" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1022646/2983565/25357994/s65_adam.izdebski.jpg" />Adam Izdebski</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Over the recent decades, archaeologists have unearthed abundant evidence for the existence of a prosperous rural world in the late antique East. However, only very slowly did the historians of late antiquity become aware of this phenomenon and comprehensive studies of its agricultural and socio-economic aspects started to appear as recently as the last few years. One of the key factors which must have facilitated the unparalleled development of agriculture underlying the prosperity of the late antique countryside were climatic fluctuations. Thanks to the growing body of scientific evidence, in particular palynological and limnological research, it is now possible to claim with relative certainty that late antiquity was a period of unusual humidity in the climatic history of the Mediterranean, and it was followed by a particularly dry centuries of the early Middle Ages. This study evaluates the degree to which these changes influenced agricultural developments by discussing three regional case studies: south-western Asia Minor (Lycia, Caria and Pisidia), the plains of south-central Anatolia, and Palestine. In almost every case, the more favourable late antique hydrological conditions made significantly easier, if not encouraged, the expansion of cultivation into environmentally marginal lands, while this boom in agricultural production must have created incentives for the development of rural economy in areas with more stable natural conditions. These complex technological and socio-economic processes attest to the capability of the eastern Roman society to respond skilfully to the changing natural conditions, which it owed to the complexity and flexibility inherited from the previous generations.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":7945787,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1140852/Why_did_agriculture_flourish_in_the_late_antique_East_The_role_of_climate_fluctuations_in_the_development_and_contraction_of_agriculture_in_Asia_Minor_and_the_Middle_East_from_the_4th_till_the_7th_c_AD"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":7945787,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1140852/Why_did_agriculture_flourish_in_the_late_antique_East_The_role_of_climate_fluctuations_in_the_development_and_contraction_of_agriculture_in_Asia_Minor_and_the_Middle_East_from_the_4th_till_the_7th_c_AD"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="7945787" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/1140852/Why_did_agriculture_flourish_in_the_late_antique_East_The_role_of_climate_fluctuations_in_the_development_and_contraction_of_agriculture_in_Asia_Minor_and_the_Middle_East_from_the_4th_till_the_7th_c_AD" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="14986321" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14986321/The_environmental_archaeological_and_historical_evidence_for_regional_climatic_changes_and_their_societal_impacts_in_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_in_Late_Antiquity">The environmental, archaeological and historical evidence for regional climatic changes and their societal impacts in the Eastern Mediterranean in Late Antiquity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1022646" href="https://shh-mpg.academia.edu/AdamIzdebski">Adam Izdebski</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30710739" href="https://uw.academia.edu/TomaszWaliszewski">Tomasz Waliszewski</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The environmental, archaeological and historical evidence for regional climatic changes and their societal impacts in the Eastern Mediterranean in Late Antiquity","attachmentId":38497245,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14986321/The_environmental_archaeological_and_historical_evidence_for_regional_climatic_changes_and_their_societal_impacts_in_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_in_Late_Antiquity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14986321/The_environmental_archaeological_and_historical_evidence_for_regional_climatic_changes_and_their_societal_impacts_in_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_in_Late_Antiquity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="39478163" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39478163/P_Erdkamp_Climate_change_and_the_productive_landscape_in_the_Mediterranean_region_in_the_Roman_period_Working_paper_version_June_9_2019">P. Erdkamp, ‘Climate change and the productive landscape in the Mediterranean region in the Roman period’, Working paper, version June 9, 2019</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6090142" href="https://vub.academia.edu/PaulErdkamp">Paul Erdkamp</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"P. Erdkamp, ‘Climate change and the productive landscape in the Mediterranean region in the Roman period’, Working paper, version June 9, 2019","attachmentId":59625167,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39478163/P_Erdkamp_Climate_change_and_the_productive_landscape_in_the_Mediterranean_region_in_the_Roman_period_Working_paper_version_June_9_2019","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39478163/P_Erdkamp_Climate_change_and_the_productive_landscape_in_the_Mediterranean_region_in_the_Roman_period_Working_paper_version_June_9_2019"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="80696313" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80696313/Climate_Change_in_the_Breadbasket_of_the_Roman_Empire_Explaining_the_Decline_of_the_Fayum_Villages_in_the_Third_Century_CE_">Climate Change in the Breadbasket of the Roman Empire—Explaining the Decline of the Fayum Villages in the Third Century CE*</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="659455" href="https://unibas.academia.edu/SabineRHuebner">Sabine R. Huebner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Studies in Late Antiquity, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper focuses on one of the most productive wheat-growing regions in the entire Roman Empire, the Arsinoite nome (modern Fayum) in Egypt. Towards the end of the third century CE, multiple formerly thriving farming villages at the edges of the district went into decline and were eventually abandoned. This paper presents a new perspective on causes of this abandonment by synthesizing existing research. The papyri as well as the archaeological record imply that irrigation problems arising simultaneously from the third century CE lay at the heart of the problem and led to the progressive desertification of formerly agricultural land. The surviving documentation allows us to trace what increasing water stress meant on the ground for the local population and what adaption strategies they undertook to deal with the degradation and desertification of their farmlands. While socio-economic factors certainly played a role in the decline of these settlements, a change in environmental condi...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Climate Change in the Breadbasket of the Roman Empire—Explaining the Decline of the Fayum Villages in the Third Century CE*","attachmentId":86993360,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80696313/Climate_Change_in_the_Breadbasket_of_the_Roman_Empire_Explaining_the_Decline_of_the_Fayum_Villages_in_the_Third_Century_CE_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80696313/Climate_Change_in_the_Breadbasket_of_the_Roman_Empire_Explaining_the_Decline_of_the_Fayum_Villages_in_the_Third_Century_CE_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="19734639" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19734639/A_Collapse_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_New_results_and_theories_on_the_interplay_between_climate_and_societies_in_Byzantium_and_the_Near_East_ca_1000_1200_AD">A Collapse of the Eastern Mediterranean? New results and theories on the interplay between climate and societies in Byzantium and the Near East, ca. 1000–1200 AD</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="390011" href="https://oeaw.academia.edu/JohannesPreiserKapeller">Johannes Preiser-Kapeller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Paper published in Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 65 (2015) p. 195-242. Abstract: This paper discusses a recently proposed scenario of a climate-induced “Collapse of the Eastern Mediterranean” in the 11th century AD. It demonstrates that such a scenario cannot be maintained when confronted with proxy data from various regions. On the other hand, data on the interplay between environment and economy in the Komnenian period (1081–1185) and evidence for a change of climatic conditions in the period of the Angeloi (1185–1204) is presented, arguing that climatic parameters should be taken into consideration when comparing socio-economic dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean with those in Western Europe. The necessity of further research on the regional as well as over-regional level for many aspects of the interaction between human society and environment in the medieval Eastern Mediterranean is highlighted.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Collapse of the Eastern Mediterranean? New results and theories on the interplay between climate and societies in Byzantium and the Near East, ca. 1000–1200 AD","attachmentId":57154756,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19734639/A_Collapse_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_New_results_and_theories_on_the_interplay_between_climate_and_societies_in_Byzantium_and_the_Near_East_ca_1000_1200_AD","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19734639/A_Collapse_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_New_results_and_theories_on_the_interplay_between_climate_and_societies_in_Byzantium_and_the_Near_East_ca_1000_1200_AD"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="44179624" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44179624/Climate_Change_in_the_Breadbasket_of_the_Roman_Empire_Explaining_the_Decline_of_the_Fayum_Villages_in_the_Third_Century_CE_SLA_4_2020_486_518">Climate Change in the Breadbasket of the Roman Empire - Explaining the Decline of the Fayum Villages in the Third Century CE, SLA 4 (2020), 486–518.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="659455" href="https://unibas.academia.edu/SabineRHuebner">Sabine R. Huebner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Studies in Late Antiquity 4.4, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper focuses on one of the most productive wheat-growing regions in the entire Roman Empire, the Arsinoite nome (modern Fayum) in Roman Egypt. Towards the end of the third century CE, multiple formerly thriving farming villages at the edges of the district went into decline and were eventually abandoned. This paper presents a new perspective on causes of this abandonment by synthesizing existing research. The papyri as well as the archaeological record imply that irrigation problems arising simultaneously from the third century CE lay at the heart of the problem and led to the progressive desertification of formerly agricultural land. The surviving documentation allows us to trace what increasing water stress meant on the ground for the local population and what adaption strategies they undertook to deal with the degradation and desertification of their farmlands. While socio-economic factors certainly played a role in the decline of these settlements, a change in environmental conditions should be considered as well. In fact, natural proxies record a general shift in East African Monsoon patterns at the source areas of the Nile and consecutively lower Nile flood levels from the beginning of the third century on.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Climate Change in the Breadbasket of the Roman Empire - Explaining the Decline of the Fayum Villages in the Third Century CE, SLA 4 (2020), 486–518.","attachmentId":65523508,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44179624/Climate_Change_in_the_Breadbasket_of_the_Roman_Empire_Explaining_the_Decline_of_the_Fayum_Villages_in_the_Third_Century_CE_SLA_4_2020_486_518","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44179624/Climate_Change_in_the_Breadbasket_of_the_Roman_Empire_Explaining_the_Decline_of_the_Fayum_Villages_in_the_Third_Century_CE_SLA_4_2020_486_518"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="37628873" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37628873/Some_Thoughts_on_Climate_Change_Local_Environment_and_Grain_Production_in_Byzantine_Northern_Anatolia">Some Thoughts on Climate Change, Local Environment, and Grain Production in Byzantine Northern Anatolia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57299833" href="https://princeton.academia.edu/JohnHaldon">John Haldon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The interrelationships between environment, climate and society are by definition highly complex, and only a close analysis of the specific mechanics of change can reveal any putative causal connections. This paper will take the case of Byzantine Anatolia between the 6th and 8th c., together with the case of the small provincial city of Euchaïta in the Pontus, and examine some of the evidence for such causal links. As part of this discussion, I will suggest some of the reasons for the survival of the eastern Roman empire during the crisis of the later 7th and early 8th c.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Some Thoughts on Climate Change, Local Environment, and Grain Production in Byzantine Northern Anatolia","attachmentId":57613438,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37628873/Some_Thoughts_on_Climate_Change_Local_Environment_and_Grain_Production_in_Byzantine_Northern_Anatolia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37628873/Some_Thoughts_on_Climate_Change_Local_Environment_and_Grain_Production_in_Byzantine_Northern_Anatolia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="14503300" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14503300/THE_ENVIRONMENTAL_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_AND_HISTORICAL_EVIDENCE_FOR_REGIONAL_CLIMATIC_CHANGES_AND_THEIR_SOCIETAL_IMPACTS_IN_THE_EASTERN_MEDITERRANEAN_IN_LATE_ANTIQUITY_by_A_Izdebski_J_Pickett_N_Roberts_and_T_Waliszewski_in_Quaternary_Science_Reviews_136_March_2016_189_208_">THE ENVIRONMENTAL, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND HISTORICAL EVIDENCE FOR REGIONAL CLIMATIC CHANGES AND THEIR SOCIETAL IMPACTS IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN IN LATE ANTIQUITY, by A. Izdebski, J. Pickett, N. Roberts, and T. Waliszewski [in Quaternary Science Reviews 136 (March 2016): 189-208]</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="503826" href="https://uga.academia.edu/JordanPickett">Jordan Pickett</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1022646" href="https://shh-mpg.academia.edu/AdamIzdebski">Adam Izdebski</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30710739" href="https://uw.academia.edu/TomaszWaliszewski">Tomasz Waliszewski</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">in press, “The environmental, archaeological and historical evidence for climatic changes and their societal impacts in the Eastern Mediterranean in Late Antiquity”, with A. Izdebski, N. Roberts, and T. Waliszewski for Quaternary Science Review 2015. This paper examines the evidence for climatic changes in the Eastern Mediterranean for the period 200-800 AD and offers hypotheses on the role of climatic fluctuations in the societal developments that occurred in this region at the end of Antiquity. The geographical focus of the paper includes Anatolia and the Levant, two major regions of the Eastern Roman Empire that are rich in environmental, historical and archaeological data.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE ENVIRONMENTAL, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND HISTORICAL EVIDENCE FOR REGIONAL CLIMATIC CHANGES AND THEIR SOCIETAL IMPACTS IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN IN LATE ANTIQUITY, by A. Izdebski, J. Pickett, N. Roberts, and T. Waliszewski [in Quaternary Science Reviews 136 (March 2016): 189-208]","attachmentId":38332465,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14503300/THE_ENVIRONMENTAL_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_AND_HISTORICAL_EVIDENCE_FOR_REGIONAL_CLIMATIC_CHANGES_AND_THEIR_SOCIETAL_IMPACTS_IN_THE_EASTERN_MEDITERRANEAN_IN_LATE_ANTIQUITY_by_A_Izdebski_J_Pickett_N_Roberts_and_T_Waliszewski_in_Quaternary_Science_Reviews_136_March_2016_189_208_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14503300/THE_ENVIRONMENTAL_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_AND_HISTORICAL_EVIDENCE_FOR_REGIONAL_CLIMATIC_CHANGES_AND_THEIR_SOCIETAL_IMPACTS_IN_THE_EASTERN_MEDITERRANEAN_IN_LATE_ANTIQUITY_by_A_Izdebski_J_Pickett_N_Roberts_and_T_Waliszewski_in_Quaternary_Science_Reviews_136_March_2016_189_208_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="468813" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/468813/Archaeobotanical_evidence_for_the_interrelationship_of_agricultural_decision_making_and_climate_change_in_the_ancient_Near_East">Archaeobotanical evidence for the interrelationship of agricultural decision-making and climate change in the ancient Near East</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="357405" href="https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/SimoneRiehl">Simone Riehl</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary International, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Archaeobotanical evidence for the interrelationship of agricultural decision-making and climate change in the ancient Near East","attachmentId":2103426,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/468813/Archaeobotanical_evidence_for_the_interrelationship_of_agricultural_decision_making_and_climate_change_in_the_ancient_Near_East","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/468813/Archaeobotanical_evidence_for_the_interrelationship_of_agricultural_decision_making_and_climate_change_in_the_ancient_Near_East"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="8547507" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8547507/The_climate_and_environment_of_Byzantine_Anatolia_Integrating_Science_History_and_Archaeology_in_Journal_of_Interdisciplinary_History_45_2_2014_113_162">The climate and environment of Byzantine Anatolia: Integrating Science, History, and Archaeology, in: Journal of Interdisciplinary History 45/2, 2014, 113-162</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7951233" href="https://oeaw.academia.edu/SabineLadstaetter">Sabine Ladstaetter</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The climate and environment of Byzantine Anatolia: Integrating Science, History, and Archaeology, in: Journal of Interdisciplinary History 45/2, 2014, 113-162","attachmentId":34921825,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8547507/The_climate_and_environment_of_Byzantine_Anatolia_Integrating_Science_History_and_Archaeology_in_Journal_of_Interdisciplinary_History_45_2_2014_113_162","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8547507/The_climate_and_environment_of_Byzantine_Anatolia_Integrating_Science_History_and_Archaeology_in_Journal_of_Interdisciplinary_History_45_2_2014_113_162"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="78692935" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78692935/Agricultural_adaptation_to_highland_climate_in_Iron_Age_Anatolia">Agricultural adaptation to highland climate in Iron Age Anatolia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5780" href="https://bu.academia.edu/JohnMarston">John M. Marston</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Agricultural adaptation to highland climate in Iron Age Anatolia","attachmentId":85651192,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78692935/Agricultural_adaptation_to_highland_climate_in_Iron_Age_Anatolia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78692935/Agricultural_adaptation_to_highland_climate_in_Iron_Age_Anatolia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":7945787,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":7945787,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_7945787" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="44601060" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44601060/_Adapting_to_a_Diverse_Landscape_Agriculture_in_Hellenistic_and_Roman_Anatolia_A_Companion_to_Ancient_Agriculture_2020_edited_by_D_Hollander_and_T_Howe_">"Adapting to a Diverse Landscape: Agriculture in Hellenistic and Roman Anatolia." A Companion to Ancient Agriculture (2020)(edited by D. Hollander & T. 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class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="44611541" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44611541/Climate_variability_and_landscape_dynamics_in_the_Late_Hellenistic_and_Roman_north_eastern_Peloponnese">Climate variability and landscape dynamics in the Late Hellenistic and Roman north-eastern Peloponnese</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="185175" href="https://uppsala.academia.edu/AntonBonnier">Anton Bonnier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Antiquity, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Climate variability and landscape 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