CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91347dbb6f293e14',cH: 'lFD9.9SrrnNHvf1PYovo_WxRjq6rQJN0zujiixMtz6I-1739781820-1.2.1.1-.IONvYpv3UGBdMaLkftWYyMwhMb3BLHfWnuVueTGZTxRXYsZBX_F77s_C_CXRvm0',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Batool%20Kadham%20Salman&__cf_chl_tk=JPyk8_S3y89uhKVo6CRrE.Oaezt7_Q8hyq1spOknquc-1739781820-1.0.1.1-AxnQYO2rfudS26BVBwEsuVOLk0X58MdcngtOU39dHXk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739781820',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Batool%20Kadham%20Salman&__cf_chl_f_tk=JPyk8_S3y89uhKVo6CRrE.Oaezt7_Q8hyq1spOknquc-1739781820-1.0.1.1-AxnQYO2rfudS26BVBwEsuVOLk0X58MdcngtOU39dHXk",md: "zZ214fTlf21kXM6V1K2WaGYBuPSMvOzeH2QLlyKe19s-1739781820-1.2.1.1-YPbb..w1XRHng8BrGl7p2YFo0yP1PeEBLz9YVuGfCb2P4xEU6Amo4eCmCd7L4rvUH8szEbtxbSNFXOwWN218LJf3hrP8DKf9i7HyqYu5Iw7UGfX5xsgYZb35adVMBz.q6Zr9RSQlFyVXJ.OVWD6vOsWAjyoHi1lQdk0H8jXJZgno7rojMKeNvHXmcVBT5BF8kkXuXGX5oHOWUfCDPWtEGFfjJ7kTbf9hcojVXaLERNxsy1Jyl4ArYNUrVA2Sp7FHG49L9suhBujBKJRkkbUtG_Hukxa1riQgKDmG9MH3ZePN2Npf1x6GCLSmDRNPJb6tpQkJyYOWvNSz5Ey2_E1Z.iDIAwSDP2ZPt5.7E9K3kJfUBQCqndh2JEEtxmAyLUaS3E3Wq46CcLrpFG2ijq6MQdMhWy9Kd4LG90mgYgZd6amZEPjdtw9BU0.dt70smxV.LkFo9001xxzOhbXpCvaiNYKbFiu3hB.eyB3XUDpcw.iHk8cfYWmfKnJB1hADJOEhNBsbe7q5GDAtOakHQOtGfRvpKlgebVUeNk98q6UV_shNXdbHzLFbjxEH3KVXROR8X5pU41le6pOJyLNC.Z.c90EXN7qVS4aw1Ia_q3qire4ZtkeSacS8hxL.OPfTPX1EqLgbb6jD9Igv7tr6gGHanzSe00FhapLalsPeqpxi18PzBbHyU4ossinesvK27Kg4BLmJtxguno2adPeseGVzTPOQREdL90u4ag56KL603ftWr_u_0hRv7Ge5jLx8Lq82201bV0hP6nZFL8YeoXjmIcexpFmWKc5W47HU6NiXppZUBT4rovIe08ck9ZwS.eygJiMTl_BqlZXjdsgU3dFn9Mn8HcOLwI7hY3nOTsmDcNpBlSDbKz2ya_4v6bploK4y3rKpK_Yx2diDDVSy956AMUlK4mDod.Dxq3hlah6FA4h33qUVGBE_6ltguU8Sx2yoSvelE7yU5JG62c4OeOtChI.ZMBWVdYI3GqQEMr2DtYmPZidLps.VeDTf050okqp1QuJlR_Wwz_n51tYoGQ.YOgK_JjKCWHFX7icABb4gUfDmctRmrT57qkBaTLw1m8u8zC2lTMcd2n5V9Jj.e9JidMkXNAJMR3uTXZOo2c1k6f.mVuYlra5dzVSQrVPqV8HPnAzLTLV6W4VsdzXkg1cjuP2DIFEbXRTPJj05W2IltyFyo6xUE2hbimYQudbA0nmiMPjmbSabHtjnsqpFPxtsRtxkUecGSFCLvVHIxtosP1ALJ93mqq6647FZx.KHRGfEBKSR2bUQNBH2wzdjyH_SHyzWPdbXINetKtbRlW0rt8L9mP4Fli4xHpc75wzauSO70AoggPpvhetkY60V4ezstZG1yVlGF_SAYsBXViLU7mrMaA3j5rumQUfou3EFyD6Ppu2ZNSK7GCKSQSuTh7Vd_PqaxRyKIRfZBF6MaqtFOveRUR6Wqap7Lnf7Oj.rENc9tBpXt.Qglys2Rmos.8nZmIlGqTpxLSEpuKy744E.kbxEaAXHcMrNzzUYnS9nRJX2GFgQP.dtavvlbZc9OU06CLshF75JR58hq9UmoT4Ht5YWnQCrl3C93WT244UqBtzJ4Nz.osCr1dhadX6gp15vRcpbDW9Uv2NZ.vulWaj8t6tjf7pGdOJnYVoQye5fr95kvUwt14BGegt._Uz9opOSI.kUz68XpkAs5cy2Vp9eiCrJ86me1flT3O6288qT6.eRk7BtCGlAFBoJC4kVkIy967BYhLcKaUR5qaqYNAgTo4308xD3OCc7ZM1I7b2OukY1uWkahqH38zGKkhznvbjtoIVQBoSwaoA248nReZd19VLmQo_64qiOlUHXU9naaBj5rnKDdwrTnI9Kl8WwKEJ4Zo1in9xuBuQ546XAqden2i5ShB0SvNcXmE7mFMgaRDS3UpJn4mGq1A..tdZR0KeUJ_dGZvKbDJBYAHWZsKXkja21ZhPIRDxoSOSUJLXCCgqZ",mdrd: "pcXDu4TeLpq.qIlZzYyEtS1mV1aCW88XKfuEAMjZb10-1739781820-1.2.1.1-l3ydsRQR7oEUSpftJKTdTr_9u3zGeFhxCfK1NzrprqvD0gmGsxY0QFiKls5fqSaWOnCtH1dLXTUfEluQl80blTAkCMF_bg.fWs0T_P_7SSm7oamjdLTgY9LlkaeMwACJ_jvp1YzHdy8JCrb2wNj9R23VpXLj6tKIEYF4J0bv2Lfo9xo_xXrPncKaqbyxM3yUwusFCtP3pY2.3ykBt_y1tknTsQW8x902HXMctkaOGXcpqiaWeEugQU32xil4.PfykFzhQCyix8X9dDKCrojjLO0qxo6UBffQqDVJl7Knqr_QbOd6ID_lsJkHHSCQusEffB5J2Bz4CyYWg9nnbxu5f2vCz2zS9bu4XpXrvOblBSrgq.lsV7nkDqQIjaysJzrtKFS0owgTRZGW1eDblR7TKVRPMIdXr09UPPZF7fxUj_HDHZ0CqzeYzzBVBi4x8BSFS_KpoJ4A8VJElcEvKJqVfSD_3mYYQiRRLlrA2z0NvVoa3LMnMkKTGKx6hS6tO7eFJcFTvhirJMjjuUwDTE6J31a58yeBJdPQJfPUGH5GWzUDHX3.vz17iqiuz0vlnh2DIkaQRCxf1aEEpvI8XUV_j1MvqM.6Wn7O_GpEUxM7VInf_00a3NoB0UyEqlCVi3DSIZwEzLADmKPkHImPk0ul17wExXphBE1Ttmf8peqCxUbPTwC1eOSgYLWvARpLZvJeNBQNBUS9ogufwpjGTHNTyWpb006r5zxGcC1VRJRBSWGNOUv1Ngmx2md6qFIIFjr37rBqMPEPSXEUZwH_8l9LZABE8bZMFrvglR6uClMcVYB7nOrzoqIhodFP.TgFZxpfaJcHeZ6ZVkomTV3zFb7vf7O8ilZkdlniGFZvu2Yo2TtdrLuAP4tTY9USu.WaFX3WUdlbRwuavcTWNBPILJvoB_CoZAJSnREyHneNYkZG8a1h8VzOT1k.LBnsFDIynk8ibEca0aheN0TUwslR_ev535NH7HOxL8drUWSrdtDjQk9IQ.iP8rhUHk94vOWvbrXG5Wt0MEytRny3T.hclAJEHbz_cdpExD21JFYCkq9laqbxwIQllea3E7kGnNn_Bf0UBW_XWrAFgn8qvn8LllsWLML0ygWkvvMBPCihIFZzXEvXbwfH_5mmeiox9lP6reWaGBSnpmAAlFZzzl2rtsWyATq5t7y6v5sk8JaHR6CTikkhSE.Whyqa7qGW_Hjb2dGIZNLJMCIoiuAg9yG3DXb.DObKP.6uNjhBH4sPec2gowPXgkRKYETewmrGk1pPTAZgdsKhkDJZVWof9CM9br455LkiSIPCcVmm3xEXlCyR7zZkI9Njd1AmmjsbL9_x8Y8hNdrZAA2LdoH1Y1INKw8x63_L0UTLODR8vNZfUrlUhFQjtviIrA6KOI15qyH.eENK3uQqQ_53zwBFnRvPUIAe_IYc4YIGnyawGcCnZSR2yr5VOVuxom6B9hg8VPm4lCagBTZScGdR9SvdcuN2jmOUaeLV_BRpG2n2s9pfkzRCQrO4fbeRPFTHV72kIYs4SFd5a_SPQPHaBl.0uSW1Vxs9L3R8bg7G1gBExquUSHxO6V8dXKL97z3CKs.mluq26kzlUP94soHSMfWfvKVIcK72DMj6PpFdLSYDEn2YGE.pAIzhq3tyCBNLXlDd.nWGP3s2blrGzhFFDTWSDo3xeun6zyxRMhtPtsa6o0Gebkwmyd.vvIio2UqH1iqX_IeNbyhZ56n9oecI9QS1I4o3XV2Wapyf_4H8.C..Mt9DmYxJk8kcQ8W1NP.UboWFEP87a1eIe1M4fS40oM7w368gsoiPOX5doOt1.VvN6rR64K5qpoJ7ZwxLvqmovIKr2DWA6zCID65PUsx7Lclv1JqFzpQrKUL.O0HERYRXrRYQkX3qnxJEcf2xIv22gY1ZKxZRVEgoQKIIqb2iSUdIHDIsmDdg6uitZ8UXKtxTYCo_ASlt5AnVyohxVSDCF.vASW2H1RFNO.u4NqGMnRq9Mv.lgkdssw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91347dbb6f293e14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Batool%20Kadham%20Salman&__cf_chl_rt_tk=JPyk8_S3y89uhKVo6CRrE.Oaezt7_Q8hyq1spOknquc-1739781820-1.0.1.1-AxnQYO2rfudS26BVBwEsuVOLk0X58MdcngtOU39dHXk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>