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advertisement</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: outdoor advertisement"> <meta name="keywords" content="outdoor advertisement"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="outdoor advertisement"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 426</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: outdoor advertisement</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">426</span> An Empirical Investigation of Relationships between Consumer Involvement and Advertisement Effectiveness </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasim%20Karami%20Mal%20Amiri">Nasim Karami Mal Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Razm%20Azma"> Farhad Razm Azma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parts of consumer involvement in regards to one product are related to advertisement strategies. Different consumer involvement has different answers to the effectiveness of advertisement. This study has divided the market considering the characteristics and relationship between consumer involvement and the effectiveness of advertisement. The results of this study show consumer involvement which does affect parts of marketing. A positive and direct relationship among consumer involvement and the eventual effectiveness of advertisement has been shown. A great amount of consumer involvement is directly related to advertisement effectiveness. Therefore, consumer involvement is a critical factor in advertisement strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20involvement" title="consumer involvement">consumer involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisement%20effectiveness" title=" advertisement effectiveness"> advertisement effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20marketing" title=" effective marketing "> effective marketing </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13105/an-empirical-investigation-of-relationships-between-consumer-involvement-and-advertisement-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">425</span> Effect of Urban Informal Settlements and Outdoor Advertisement on the Quality of Built Environment and Urban Upgrading in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amao%20Funmilayo%20Lanrewaju">Amao Funmilayo Lanrewaju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Ogunlade"> T. Ogunlade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines the causes and characteristics of informal settlements and outdoor advertisement in the evaluation of quality of environment. The paper identifies the problems that have aided informal settlements to: Urbanization, poverty, growth of informal sector, non-affordability of land and housing shortage. The paper asserts that the informal settlements have serious adverse effects on the people’s health, their built environment and quality of life. The secondary data was obtained from books, journals and seminar papers. The paper argues that, although the urban upgrading possesses great potential for improving quality of built environment in informal settlements, there is a need to repackage the upgrading exercise so that majority can benefit from it. It is necessary to incorporate community participation into the urban upgrading in order to assist the very poor that cannot take care of their housing consumption needs. Therefore, government is encouraged to see informal settlements as a solution to new city planning rather than problem to the urban areas. This paper suggests the implementation of policies and planning, physical infrastructural development, social economic improvement, environment and health improvement. Government, private and communities interventions on informal settlements are required in order to prevent further decay for sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20environment" title="quality of environment">quality of environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20settlements" title=" informal settlements"> informal settlements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20upgrading" title=" urban upgrading"> urban upgrading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20advertisement" title=" outdoor advertisement"> outdoor advertisement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26292/effect-of-urban-informal-settlements-and-outdoor-advertisement-on-the-quality-of-built-environment-and-urban-upgrading-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">424</span> Analyzing the Influence of Gender onto Advertisement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamara%20Storozhenko">Tamara Storozhenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the paper, we want to highlight the influence of the advertising field on gender and vice versa. We will show what it was like before and the way it has changed until nowadays. We will also analyze when and how advertisements are used to create gender stereotypes and at which moment gender became a shaping advertisement. In this paper, we work not only with pure advertisements (e.g., videos and printed materials) but also with films that contain ads. Special attention is placed on the separation of goods for the ‘male ones’ and ‘female ones’, specifically if they can be used independently of gender and sex (food items and some kinds of personal supplies). Also, in this paper, we represent the history of several advertising campaigns, including the following reaction of the society that demonstrated that some of the gender stereotypes were finding resonance while some of them were not heard. Moreover, advertisements could be used as a tool for creating new ones or developing stereotypes that had already existed, and it wasn’t always successful. In the final part of the paper, we would like to analyze the current situation in this area and show how the change of understanding gender made advertisement change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisement" title="advertisement">advertisement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20studies" title=" gender studies"> gender studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycholinguistics" title=" psycholinguistics"> psycholinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title=" sociolinguistics"> sociolinguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129957/analyzing-the-influence-of-gender-onto-advertisement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">423</span> Assessing the Attitude and Belief towards Online Advertisement in Pakistan and China Mainland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prih%20Bukhari">Prih Bukhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the proposed paper is to determine if the perception of online advertisement formed due to attitude and belief vary among two different countries or not. Specifically, it seeks to find out how people from China and Pakistan perceive online advertisement. Public attitude and belief towards advertising have been a focus of attention to explore a path to a better strategy of advertising. The ‘belief’ factor was analyzed through 4 items, i.e., product information, entertainment, and increase in economy’ whereas, the ‘attitude’ factor was analyzed thorough questions based on 4 items, i.e. ‘overall, I consider online advertising a good thing’; 'overall, I like online advertising’; ‘'I consider online advertising very essential’; and 'I would describe my overall attitude toward online advertising very favorably’. As such, it provides theoretical basis to explain similarities and differences of beliefs and attitude towards advertising across the two countries. Given its mixed method approach, both quantitative and qualitative method is used to carry out research. A questionnaire-based survey and focus group interviews were conducted. The sample size was of 500 participants. For analysis survey copies were then collected from which 497 were received whereas focus group interviews were collected from both nations. The findings showed that the belief factor among both countries had no significant relation with the perception of online advertisement. However, the attitude had a significant relation with the perception about online advertisement. Also it was observed that despite of different backgrounds, perception about online advertisement based on beliefs and attitude were found largely to be similar. Implications and future studies are provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=belief" title=" belief"> belief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20advertisement" title=" online advertisement"> online advertisement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100938/assessing-the-attitude-and-belief-towards-online-advertisement-in-pakistan-and-china-mainland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">422</span> Impact of Television Advertisement on Children Behaviour : A Qualitative Research in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarbjit%20Singh">Sarbjit Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar%20Lal"> Amit Kumar Lal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In India there is no governing body to control advertisement apart from ASCI due to which most of the companies are targeting children in their advertisements that have a negative impact on their behaviour. The main purpose of this research paper is to find out the impact of the television advertisement on the behaviour of the children as observed and reported by parents. The exploratory research design is adopted by using in-depth interviews with 20 parents in various cities of Punjab on the basis semi-structured interviews a self-administered structured Questionnaire was developed for data collection. Exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation is used to analyse the data from 100 parents from the conjoint cities of Punjab. (Jalandhar, Amritsar and Ludhiana) The finding suggests that children demand those products which are more advertised. Parents believe that television advertisements are affecting the study of their children. Moreover, the children are becoming more violent, stubborn and rebellious. They try to start copying from the advertisements and indulge in bad habits. Children demand, nag and pester their parents to purchase the advertised product. This research paper would help advertisers to understand children behaviour towards advertisements and more over what should be done to control the negative impact of advertisement on children. Advertisers can also understand the parental perception towards advertisement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisement" title="advertisement">advertisement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behaviour" title=" consumer behaviour"> consumer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20perception" title=" children perception"> children perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teen%20marketing" title=" teen marketing"> teen marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3938/impact-of-television-advertisement-on-children-behaviour-a-qualitative-research-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">421</span> Correlation between Indoor and Outdoor Air</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20A.%20Radaideh">Jamal A. Radaideh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziad%20N.%20Shatnawi"> Ziad N. Shatnawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both indoor and outdoor air quality is investigated throughout residential areas of Al Hofuf city/ Eastern province of Saudi Arabia through a multi‐week multiple sites measurement and sampling survey. Concentration levels of five criteria air pollutants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were measured and analyzed during the study period from January to May 2014. For this survey paper, three different sites, roadside RS, urban UR, and rural RU were selected. Within each site type, six locations were assigned to carryout air quality measurements and to study varying indoor/outdoor air quality for each pollutant. Results indicate that a strong correlation between indoor and outdoor air exists. The I/O ratios for the considered criteria pollutants show that the strongest relationship between indoor and outdoor air is found by analyzing of carbon dioxide, CO2 (0.88), while the lowest is found by both NO2 and SO2 (0.7). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria%20air%20pollutants" title="criteria air pollutants">criteria air pollutants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%2Foutdoor%20air%20pollution" title=" indoor/outdoor air pollution"> indoor/outdoor air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%2Foutdoor%20ratio" title=" indoor/outdoor ratio"> indoor/outdoor ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21435/correlation-between-indoor-and-outdoor-air" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">420</span> Discovering the Effects of Guerrilla Advertisements on Perceiver's Ad Attitude, Ad Likability and Purchase Intention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Y.%20Ozkan">S. Y. Ozkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Taftaf"> S. Taftaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate the possible effects of guerrilla advertising on consumers' attitudes as well as purchase intentions in comparison with traditional advertising. Participants who were over 18 years of age were recruited and completed an online questionnaire. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of the four well-known brand conditions. The study had a within-subjects design where each participant evaluated two advertisements, one guerrilla advertisement, and one traditional advertisement od one respective brand. Participants rated both traditional advertisement and guerrilla advertisement on ad attitude, ad likability, and purchase intention scales. Ad attitude was measured by using both positive and negative adjectives. The hypotheses were tested by paired samples t-test analysis. The results indicated that perceivers were able to differentiate advertisements that include guerrilla techniques and advertisements that include traditional methods from one another. Regardless of the brand manipulation, guerrilla advertisements lead significantly higher positive ad attitude, negative ad attitude, ad likability, and purchase intention compared to traditional advertisements. Therefore, the results showed that while using guerrilla advertising, companies should be aware of any ethical concerns that may emerge in consumers' minds. Present study is one of the rare studies that measures the perceptions of guerrilla and traditional advertisements in an empirical manner in Turkish context, showing that guerrilla advertisements may stimulate negative ad attitudes together with positive ad attitudes, increasing ad likability and purchase intention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ad%20attitude" title="ad attitude">ad attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guerrilla%20advertisement" title=" guerrilla advertisement"> guerrilla advertisement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purchase%20intention" title=" purchase intention"> purchase intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20advertisement" title=" traditional advertisement"> traditional advertisement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126009/discovering-the-effects-of-guerrilla-advertisements-on-perceivers-ad-attitude-ad-likability-and-purchase-intention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">419</span> An Open Source Advertisement System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pushkar%20Umaranikar">Pushkar Umaranikar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Pollett"> Chris Pollett</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An online advertisement system and its implementation for the Yioop open source search engine are presented. This system supports both selling advertisements and displaying them within search results. The selling of advertisements is done using a system to auction off daily impressions for keyword searches. This is an open, ascending price auction system in which all accepted bids will receive a fraction of the auctioned day’s impressions. New bids in our system are required to be at least one half of the sum of all previous bids ensuring the number of accepted bids is logarithmic in the total ad spend on a keyword for a day. The mechanics of creating an advertisement, attaching keywords to it, and adding it to an advertisement inventory are described. The algorithm used to go from accepted bids for a keyword to which ads are displayed at search time is also presented. We discuss properties of our system and compare it to existing auction systems and systems for selling online advertisements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20markets" title="online markets">online markets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20ad%20system" title=" online ad system"> online ad system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20auctions" title=" online auctions"> online auctions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=search%20engines" title=" search engines"> search engines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46605/an-open-source-advertisement-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">418</span> The Application of Fuzzy Set Theory to Mobile Internet Advertisement Fraud Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinming%20Ma">Jinming Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tianbing%20Xia"> Tianbing Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janusz%20Getta"> Janusz Getta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the application of fuzzy set theory to implement of mobile advertisement anti-fraud systems. Mobile anti-fraud is a method aiming to identify mobile advertisement fraudsters. One of the main problems of mobile anti-fraud is the lack of evidence to prove a user to be a fraudster. In this paper, we implement an application by using fuzzy set theory to demonstrate how to detect cheaters. The advantage of our method is that the hardship in detecting fraudsters in small data samples has been avoided. We achieved this by giving each user a suspicious degree showing how likely the user is cheating and decide whether a group of users (like all users of a certain APP) together to be fraudsters according to the average suspicious degree. This makes the process more accurate as the data of a single user is too small to be predictable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20internet" title="mobile internet">mobile internet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisement" title=" advertisement"> advertisement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-fraud" title=" anti-fraud"> anti-fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20set%20theory" title=" fuzzy set theory"> fuzzy set theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135225/the-application-of-fuzzy-set-theory-to-mobile-internet-advertisement-fraud-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">417</span> Indoor and Outdoor Concentration of PM₁₀, PM₂.₅ and PM₁ in Residential Building and Evaluation of Negative Air Ions (NAIs) in Indoor PM Removal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Arfaeinia">Hossein Arfaeinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Nadali"> Azam Nadali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Asadgol"> Zahra Asadgol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Fahiminia"> Mohammad Fahiminia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indoor and outdoor particulate matters (PM) were monitored in 20 residential buildings in a two-part study. In part I, the levels of indoor and outdoor PM₁₀, PM₂.₅ and PM₁ was measured using real time GRIMM dust monitors. In part II, the effect of negative air ions (NAIs) method was investigated on the reduction of indoor concentration of PM in these residential buildings. Hourly average concentration and standard deviation (SD) of PM₁₀ in indoor and outdoor at residential buildings were 90.1 ± 33.5 and 63.5 ± 27.4 µg/ m3, respectively. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM₂.₅ in residential buildings were 49.5 ± 18.2 and 39.4± 18.1 µg/ m3 and for PM₁ the concentrations were 6.5 ± 10.1and 4.3 ± 7.7 µg/ m3, respectively. Indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios and concentrations of all size fractions of PM were strongly correlated with wind speed and temperature whereas a good relationship was not observed between humidity and I/O ratios of PM. We estimated that nearly 71.47 % of PM₁₀, 79.86 % of PM₂.₅ and of 61.25 % of PM₁ in indoor of residential buildings can be removed by negative air ions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20matter%20%28PM%29" title="particle matter (PM)">particle matter (PM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air" title=" indoor air"> indoor air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20air%20ions%20%28NAIs%29" title=" negative air ions (NAIs)"> negative air ions (NAIs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20building" title=" residential building"> residential building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76064/indoor-and-outdoor-concentration-of-pm10-pm25-and-pm1-in-residential-building-and-evaluation-of-negative-air-ions-nais-in-indoor-pm-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">416</span> An Empirical Study on the Effect of Physical Exercise and Outdoor Lighting on Pupils’ Eyesight</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Jun%20Xiong">Zhang Jun Xiong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To explore the effect of physical exercise and outdoor lighting on the improvement of pupils' eyesight. Methods: A total of 208 first grade students in a primary school in Chengdu were enrolled in the study, 104 of whom were nearsighted and 104 had normal vision. They were randomly divided into indoor exercise group, outdoor exercise group, indoor control group and outdoor control group. Indoor and outdoor exercise groups performed moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise three times a week, 60 minutes each time; The indoor and outdoor control groups had normal study and life during the experiment, without exercise intervention. The experiment lasted for one academic year, and the visual indicators of the subjects were tested before and after the experiment. Results: After the experiment, the visual fatigue index of the subjects with normal vision in the outdoor exercise group, indoor exercise group and outdoor control group decreased by 1.5 ± 2.89, 1.4 ± 3.05, 2.12 ± 2.66 respectively, and the diopter index decreased by 0.30D ± 0.09, 0.41D ± 0.16, 0.40D ± 0.19 respectively, while the visual fatigue score of the subjects with normal vision in the indoor control group increased by 2.3 ± 2.15, and the diopter decreased by 0.53D ± 0.22, There were significant differences in visual fatigue and diopter among the subjects with normal vision in each group (P<0.001). After the experiment, the visual fatigue index of the myopic subjects in the outdoor exercise group, indoor exercise group and outdoor control group decreased by 1.8 ± 1.95, 0.8 ± 1.81, 1.1 ± 1.85 respectively, and the diopter index decreased by 0.35D ± 0.21, 0.52D ± 0.24, 0.52D ± 0.15 respectively, while the visual fatigue score of the myopic subjects in the indoor control group increased by 1.3 ± 2.66, and the diopter decreased by 0.62D ± 0.29. There were significant differences between groups in visual fatigue and diopter (P<0.001). Conclusion: Both physical exercise and outdoor lighting can have a beneficial effect on children's vision, and the superposition effect of the two is better. It is suggested that outdoor physical exercise should be carried out more in primary school. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20exercise" title="physical exercise">physical exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20lighting" title=" outdoor lighting"> outdoor lighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pupil" title=" pupil"> pupil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vision" title=" vision"> vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myopia" title=" myopia"> myopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161492/an-empirical-study-on-the-effect-of-physical-exercise-and-outdoor-lighting-on-pupils-eyesight" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">415</span> Green Initiative and Marketing Approach: Developing a Better Marketing Approach of Green Initiatives by an Apparel Brand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaishali%20Joshi">Vaishali Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pallav%20Joshi"> Pallav Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environment concern has become an important topic and continues to acquire more popularity in the coming scenario. We all are exposed to messages daily, which encourage us to involve in green behavior. Factors such as Global Warming, Climate change are creating a big buzz amongst the people. Realizing this, many firms/companies are adopting the bright way of making profit along with creating a brand image, by going green. These firms/companies persuade consumers to use purchase eco-friendly products for the benefit of the environment and the society. In such scenario, it becomes very essential for such firms/companies to approach the customers in a better way. In other words, we can say that marketing approach plays a crucial role for such firm/companies. Hence in this research study, we have tried to create a marketing approach for the firms/companies for selling the eco-friendly apparels. We have studied the hypothetical apparel brand who has taken a green initiative of making their products eco-friendly. We have named this hypothetical brand as “Go-Green”. By taking this hypothetical brand we have studied about how this brand can achieve better marketing approach. In particular, we have studied the four types of print advertisements of this brand as follows :(i) print advertisement showing only eco-friendly apparel (ii) print advertisement showing eco-friendly apparel labeled with eco-label (iii) print advertisement showing eco-friendly apparel along with information about the benefit of the featured apparel and (iv) print advertisement showing eco-friendly apparel with both eco-label and information about the benefit of the featured apparel. The conclusion of this research suggest that respondents more positively evaluate the print advertisement of eco-friendly apparel labeled with eco-labels and information about the benefit of the featured apparel, compared by other three print advertisement. Moreover, in this research study, we have studied environment knowledge, as the moderating factor affecting the consumer green purchase behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-friendly%20apparel" title="eco-friendly apparel">eco-friendly apparel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=print%20advertisement" title=" print advertisement"> print advertisement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-label" title=" eco-label"> eco-label</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment%20knowledge" title=" environment knowledge"> environment knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32063/green-initiative-and-marketing-approach-developing-a-better-marketing-approach-of-green-initiatives-by-an-apparel-brand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">414</span> Nonverbal Signs in Television Advertisements: A Semiotics Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yemi%20Mahmud">Yemi Mahmud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols as significations in a communication process. Television advertisement combines verbal and nonverbal signs to apprise consumers of products’ deliverables. This makes the language of television advertisement an important area of semiotic research. This paper focuses on nonverbal signs in television advertisement in purposively selected advertisements of two Nivea beauty products television advertisements: New Nivea Natural Fairness and Nivea Natural Fairness Lotion in Nigeria to investigate signs in meaning construction. It studies the interpretative realities of the signification of the nonverbal signs in television advertisements in Nigeria; examining signs in relation to the embedded and contextual meanings they are capable of exhuming vis-a-vis, viewers’ social and cultural senses extrapolated to draw inferences. The paper anchors its research on visual rhetorics and concludes that signs, as nonverbal elements in television advertisements, form part of the entire linguistic system of meaning transmission, noting that interpretations do not rely, solely, on the intrinsic properties of signs as signifiers, but on the imbued sociocultural elements that suggest meaning to viewers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nivea" title="Nivea">Nivea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonverbal%20signs" title=" nonverbal signs"> nonverbal signs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiotics" title=" semiotics"> semiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signification" title=" signification"> signification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signifiers" title=" signifiers"> signifiers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=television%20advertisement" title=" television advertisement"> television advertisement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97490/nonverbal-signs-in-television-advertisements-a-semiotics-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">413</span> Childhood Respiratory Diseases Related to Indoor and Outdoor Air Temperature in Shanghai, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanjuan%20Sun">Chanjuan Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shijie%20Hong"> Shijie Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jialing%20Zhang"> Jialing Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuchao%20Guo"> Yuchao Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhijun%20Zou"> Zhijun Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Huang"> Chen Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Studies on associations between air temperature and childhood respiratory diseases are lack in China. Objectives: We aim to analyze the relationship between air temperature and childhood respiratory diseases. Methods: We conducted the on-site inspection into 454 residences and questionnaires survey. Indoor air temperature were from field inspection and outdoor air temperature were from website. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations. Results: Indoor extreme hot air temperature was positively correlated with duration of a common cold (>=2 weeks), and outdoor extreme hot air temperature was also positively related with pneumonia among children. Indoor and outdoor extreme cold air temperature was a risk factor for rhinitis among children. The biggest indoor air temperature difference (indoor maximum air temperature minus indoor minimum air temperature) (Imax minus Imin) (the 4th quartile, >4 oC) and outdoor air temperature difference (outdoor maximum air temperature minus outdoor minimum air temperature) (Omax minus Omin) (the 4th quartile, >8oC) were positively related to pneumonia among children. Meanwhile, indoor air temperature difference (Imax minus Imin) (the 4th quartile, >4 oC) was positively correlated with diagnosed asthma among children. Air temperature difference between indoor and outdoor was negatively related with the most childhood respiratory diseases. This may be partly related to the avoidance behavior. Conclusions: Improper air temperature may affect the respiratory diseases among children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20temperature" title="air temperature">air temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20air%20temperature" title=" extreme air temperature"> extreme air temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20temperature%20difference" title=" air temperature difference"> air temperature difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20diseases" title=" respiratory diseases"> respiratory diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120913/childhood-respiratory-diseases-related-to-indoor-and-outdoor-air-temperature-in-shanghai-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">412</span> Subjectivity in Miracle Aesthetic Clinic Ambient Media Advertisement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wegig%20Muwonugroho">Wegig Muwonugroho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Subjectivity in advertisement is a ‘power’ possessed by advertisements to construct trend, concept, truth, and ideology through subconscious mind. Advertisements, in performing their functions as message conveyors, use such visual representation to inspire what’s ideal to the people. Ambient media is advertising medium making the best use of the environment where the advertisement is located. Miracle Aesthetic Clinic (Miracle) popularizes the visual representation of its ambient media advertisement through the omission of face-image of both female mannequins that function as its ambient media models. Usually, the face of a model in advertisement is an image commodity having selling values; however, the faces of ambient media models in Miracle advertisement campaign are suppressed over the table and wall. This face concealing aspect creates not only a paradox of subjectivity but also plurality of meaning. This research applies critical discourse analysis method to analyze subjectivity in obtaining the insight of ambient media’s meaning. First, in the stage of textual analysis, the embedding attributes upon female mannequins imply that the models are denoted as the representation of modern women, which are identical with the identities of their social milieus. The communication signs aimed to be constructed are the women who lose their subjectivities and ‘feel embarrassed’ to flaunt their faces to the public because of pimples on their faces. Second, in the stage of analysis of discourse practice, it points out that ambient media as communication media has been comprehensively responded by the targeted audiences. Ambient media has a role as an actor because of its eyes-catching setting, and taking space over the area where the public are wandering around. Indeed, when the public realize that the ambient media models are motionless -unlike human- stronger relation then appears, marked by several responses from targeted audiences. Third, in the stage of analysis of social practice, soap operas and celebrity gossip shows on the television become a dominant discourse influencing advertisement meaning. The subjectivity of Miracle Advertisement corners women by the absence of women participation in public space, the representation of women in isolation, and the portrayal of women as an anxious person in the social rank when their faces suffered from pimples. The Ambient media as the advertisement campaign of Miracle is quite success in constructing a new trend discourse of face beauty that is not limited on benchmarks of common beauty virtues, but the idea of beauty can be presented by ‘when woman doesn’t look good’ visualization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambient%20media" title="ambient media">ambient media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisement" title=" advertisement"> advertisement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjectivity" title=" subjectivity"> subjectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31386/subjectivity-in-miracle-aesthetic-clinic-ambient-media-advertisement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">411</span> Measurement and Evaluation of Outdoor Lighting Environment at Night in Residential Community in China: A Case Study of Hangzhou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiantao%20Weng">Jiantao Weng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yujie%20Zhao"> Yujie Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the improvement of living quality and demand for nighttime activities in China, the current situation of outdoor lighting environment at night needs to be assessed. Lighting environment at night plays an important role to guarantee night safety. Two typical residential communities in Hangzhou were selected. A comprehensive test method of outdoor lighting environment at night was established. The road, fitness area, landscape, playground and entrance were included. Field measurements and questionnaires were conducted in these two residential communities. The characteristics of residents’ habits and the subjective evaluation on different aspects of outdoor lighting environment at night were collected via questionnaire. A safety evaluation system on the outdoor lighting environment at night in the residential community was established. The results show that there is a big difference in illumination in different areas. The lighting uniformities of roads cannot meet the requirement of lighting standard in China. Residents pay more attention to the lighting environment of the fitness area and road than others. This study can provide guidance for the design and management of outdoor lighting environment at night. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20community" title="residential community">residential community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lighting%20environment" title=" lighting environment"> lighting environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=night" title=" night"> night</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20measurement" title=" field measurement"> field measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109702/measurement-and-evaluation-of-outdoor-lighting-environment-at-night-in-residential-community-in-china-a-case-study-of-hangzhou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">410</span> Celebrity Endorsement: How It Works When a Celebrity Fits the Brand and Advertisement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B6ksel%20%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek">Göksel Şimşek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Celebrities are admired, appreciated and imitated all over the world. As a natural result of this, today many brands choose to work with celebrities for their advertisements. It can be said that the more the brands include celebrities in their marketing communication strategies, the tougher the competition in this field becomes and they allocate a large portion of their marketing budget to this. Brands invest in celebrities who will represent them in order to build the image they want to create. This study aimed to bring under spotlight the perceptions of Turkish customers regarding the use of celebrities in advertisements and marketing communication and try to understand their possible effects on subsequent purchasing decisions. In addition, consumers’ reactions and perceptions were investigated in the context of the product-celebrity match, to what extent the celebrity conforms to the concept of the advertisement and the celebrity-target audience match. In order to achieve this purpose, a quantitative research was conducted as a case study concerning Mavi Jeans (textile company). Information was obtained through survey. The results from this case study are supported by relevant theories concerning the main subject. The most valuable result would be that instead of creating an advertisement around a celebrity in demand at the time, using a celebrity that fits the concept of the advertisement and feeds the concept rather than replaces it, that is celebrity endorsement, will lead to more striking and positive results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=celebrity%20endorsement" title="celebrity endorsement">celebrity endorsement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product-celebrity%20match" title=" product-celebrity match"> product-celebrity match</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising" title=" advertising"> advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sciences" title=" social sciences"> social sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7611/celebrity-endorsement-how-it-works-when-a-celebrity-fits-the-brand-and-advertisement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">409</span> Outdoor Visible Light Communication Channel Modeling under Fog and Smoke Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V%C3%A9ronique%20Georlette">Véronique Georlette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastien%20Bette"> Sebastien Bette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvain%20Brohez"> Sylvain Brohez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Point"> Nicolas Point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronique%20Moeyaert"> Veronique Moeyaert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visible light communication (VLC) is a communication technology that is part of the optical wireless communication (OWC) family. It uses the visible and infrared spectrums to send data. For now, this technology has widely been studied for indoor use-cases, but it is sufficiently mature nowadays to consider the outdoor environment potentials. The main outdoor challenges are the meteorological conditions and the presence of smoke due to fire or pollutants in urban areas. This paper proposes a methodology to assess the robustness of an outdoor VLC system given the outdoor conditions. This methodology is put into practice in two realistic scenarios, a VLC bus stop, and a VLC streetlight. The methodology consists of computing the power margin available in the system, given all the characteristics of the VLC system and its surroundings. This is done thanks to an outdoor VLC communication channel simulator developed in Python. This simulator is able to quantify the effects of fog and smoke thanks to models taken from environmental and fire engineering scientific literature as well as the optical power reaching the receiver. These two phenomena impact the communication by increasing the total attenuation of the medium. The main conclusion drawn in this paper is that the levels of attenuation due to fog and smoke are in the same order of magnitude. The attenuation of fog being the highest under the visibility of 1 km. This gives a promising prospect for the deployment of outdoor VLC uses-cases in the near future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20modeling" title="channel modeling">channel modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fog%20modeling" title=" fog modeling"> fog modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meteorological%20conditions" title=" meteorological conditions"> meteorological conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20wireless%20communication" title=" optical wireless communication"> optical wireless communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoke%20modeling" title=" smoke modeling"> smoke modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visible%20light%20communication" title=" visible light communication"> visible light communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127864/outdoor-visible-light-communication-channel-modeling-under-fog-and-smoke-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">408</span> Impact of Advertisement on Audience Retention of YouTube Comedy Skits – The Most Watched Content on YouTube in Lagos, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igbozuruike%20Chigozie%20Jude">Igbozuruike Chigozie Jude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agwu%20Agwu%20Ejem"> Agwu Agwu Ejem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated that advertisement has an impact on audience retention on YouTube Comedy skits, which is the most watched content on YouTube in Lagos, Nigeria. The main objective was to determine if the advertisements affect the average number of times they spend watching YouTube comedy skits. The study was anchored on Festinger's (1952) cognitive dissonance theory. The research method for this exercise was a survey to get responses from people in Lagos state on how they react to the advertisements they face when watching YouTube comedy skits in Lagos state. The sample size derived from the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) Table was 384 YouTube users. The instrument that was used to gather data was a questionnaire. The findings showed that the adverts have far-reaching exposure by the target audience, but most of the audience perceived them to be intrusive. It was also found that there is not enough evidence to infer that advertisement is indeed impacting audience retention on YouTube comedy skits in Lagos, Nigeria. The reason is that, for a majority of the audience, adverts do not essentially affect their retention on those skits, but for a considerable percentage (34%), these adverts do break their concentration and affect how much time they end up spending on the YouTube comedy skits. It was recommended that, among others, there should be regular monitoring and adaptation of YouTube advertisements to the audience preferences and behaviors of the audience. Insights on changes or trends in audience preferences can be gained through surveys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisement" title="advertisement">advertisement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audience" title=" audience"> audience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YouTube" title=" YouTube"> YouTube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comedy%20skits" title=" comedy skits"> comedy skits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagos%20Nigeria" title=" Lagos Nigeria"> Lagos Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168576/impact-of-advertisement-on-audience-retention-of-youtube-comedy-skits-the-most-watched-content-on-youtube-in-lagos-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">407</span> D3Advert: Data-Driven Decision Making for Ad Personalization through Personality Analysis Using BiLSTM Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandesh%20Achar">Sandesh Achar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Personalized advertising holds greater potential for higher conversion rates compared to generic advertisements. However, its widespread application in the retail industry faces challenges due to complex implementation processes. These complexities impede the swift adoption of personalized advertisement on a large scale. Personalized advertisement, being a data-driven approach, necessitates consumer-related data, adding to its complexity. This paper introduces an innovative data-driven decision-making framework, D3Advert, which personalizes advertisements by analyzing personalities using a BiLSTM network. The framework utilizes the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) dataset for development. The employed BiLSTM network, specifically designed and optimized for D3Advert, classifies user personalities into one of the sixteen MBTI categories based on their social media posts. The classification accuracy is 86.42%, with precision, recall, and F1-Score values of 85.11%, 84.14%, and 83.89%, respectively. The D3Advert framework personalizes advertisements based on these personality classifications. Experimental implementation and performance analysis of D3Advert demonstrate a 40% improvement in impressions. D3Advert’s innovative and straightforward approach has the potential to transform personalized advertising and foster widespread personalized advertisement adoption in marketing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalized%20advertisement" title="personalized advertisement">personalized advertisement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20Learning" title=" deep Learning"> deep Learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MBTI%20dataset" title=" MBTI dataset"> MBTI dataset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BiLSTM%20network" title=" BiLSTM network"> BiLSTM network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLP." title=" NLP."> NLP.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184326/d3advert-data-driven-decision-making-for-ad-personalization-through-personality-analysis-using-bilstm-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">406</span> Musically Yours: Impact of Social Media Advertisement Music per the Circadian Rhythm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payal%20Bose">Payal Bose</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The impact of music on consumers' attention and emotions at different parts of the day are rarely/never studied. Music has been widely studied in different parameters, such as in-store music and its atmospheric effects, to understand consumer arousal, in-store traffic, perceptions of visual stimuli, and actual time spent in the store. Further other parameters such as tempo, shopper's age, volume, music preference, and its usage as foreground or background music acting as a mediator and impacting consumer behavior is also well researched. However, no study has traversed the influence of music on social media advertisements and its impact on the consumer mind. Most studies have catered to the influence of music on consumers conscious. A recent study found that playing pleasant music is more effective on weekdays in enhancing supermarkets' sales than on weekends. This led to a more pertinent question about the impact of music on different parts of the day and how it impacts the attention and emotion in the consumers’ mind is an interesting question to be asked given the fact that there is a high usage of social media advertisement consumption in the recent past on a day-to-day basis. This study would help brands on social media to structure their advertisements and engage more consumers towards their products. Prior literature has examined the effects or influence of music on consumers largely in retail, brick-and-mortar format. Hence most of the outcomes are favorable for physical retail environments. However, with the rise of Web 3.0 and social media marketing, it would be interesting to see how consumers' attention and emotion can be studied with the effects of music embedded in an advertisement during different parts of the day. A smartphone is considered a personal gadget, and viewing social media advertisements on them is mostly an intimate experience. Hence in a social media advertisement, most of the viewing happens on a one-on-one basis between the consumer and the brand advertisement. To the best of our knowledge, little or no work has explored the influence of music on different parts of the day (per the circadian rhythm) in advertising research. Previous works on social media advertisement have explored the timing of social media posts, deploying Targeted Content Advertising, appropriate content, reallocation of time, and advertising expenditure. Hence, I propose studying advertisements embedded with music during different parts of the day and its influence on consumers' attention and emotions. To address the research objectives and knowledge gap, it is intended to use a neuroscientific approach using fMRI and eye-tracking. The influence of music embedded in social media advertisement during different parts of the day would be assessed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title="music">music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromarketing" title=" neuromarketing"> neuromarketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circadian%20rhythm" title=" circadian rhythm"> circadian rhythm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engagement" title=" engagement"> engagement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168129/musically-yours-impact-of-social-media-advertisement-music-per-the-circadian-rhythm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">405</span> Research on the Impact on Building Temperature and Ventilation by Outdoor Shading Devices in Hot-Humid Area: Through Measurement and Simulation on an Office Building in Guangzhou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hankun%20Lin">Hankun Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiqiang%20Xiao"> Yiqiang Xiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiaosheng%20Zhan"> Qiaosheng Zhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shading devices (SDs) are widely used in buildings in the hot-humid climate areas for reducing cooling energy consumption for interior temperature, as the result of reducing the solar radiation directly. Contrasting the surface temperature of materials of SDs to the glass on the building façade could give more analysis for the shading effect. On the other side, SDs are much more used as the independence system on building façade in hot-humid area. This typical construction could have some impacts on building ventilation as well. This paper discusses the outdoor SDs’ effects on the building thermal environment and ventilation, through a set of measurements on a 2-floors office building in Guangzhou, China, which install a dynamic aluminum SD-system around the façade on 2<sup>nd</sup>-floor. The measurements recorded the in/outdoor temperature, relative humidity, velocity, and the surface temperature of the aluminum panel and the glaze. After that, a CFD simulation was conducted for deeper discussion of ventilation. In conclusion, this paper reveals the temperature differences on the different material of the façade, and finds that the velocity of indoor environment could be reduced by the outdoor SDs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20shading%20devices" title="outdoor shading devices">outdoor shading devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-humid%20area" title=" hot-humid area"> hot-humid area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71054/research-on-the-impact-on-building-temperature-and-ventilation-by-outdoor-shading-devices-in-hot-humid-area-through-measurement-and-simulation-on-an-office-building-in-guangzhou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">404</span> The Impact of Online Advertising on Generation Y’s Purchase Decision in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mui%20Joo%20Tang">Mui Joo Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eang%20Teng%20Chan"> Eang Teng Chan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advertising is commonly used to foster sales and reputation of an institution. It is at first the growth of print advertising that has increased the population and number of periodicals of newspaper and its circulation. The rise of Internet and online media has somehow blurred the role of media and advertising though the intention is still to reach out to audience and to increase sales. The relationship between advertising and audience on a product purchase through persuasion has been developing from print media to online media. From the changing media environment and audience, it is the concern of this research to study the impact of online advertising to such a relationship cycle. The content of online advertisements is much of text, multimedia, photo, audio and video. The messages of such content format may indeed bring impacts to its audience and its credibility. This study is therefore reflecting the effectiveness of online advertisement and its influences on generation Y in their purchasing behavior. This study uses Media Dependency Theory to analyze the relationship between the impact of online advertisement and media usage pattern of generation Y. Hierarchy of Effectiveness Model is used as a marketing communication model to study the effectiveness of advertising and further to determine the impact of online advertisement on generation Y in their purchasing decision making. This research uses online survey to reach out the sample of generation Y. The results have shown that online advertisements do not affect much on purchase decision making even though generation Y relies much on the media content including online advertisement for its information and believing in its credibility. There are few other external factors that may interrupt the effectiveness of online advertising. The very obvious influence of purchasing behavior is actually derived from the peers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generation%20Y" title="generation Y">generation Y</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purchase%20decision" title=" purchase decision"> purchase decision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=print%20media" title=" print media"> print media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20advertising" title=" online advertising"> online advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persuasion" title=" persuasion"> persuasion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69810/the-impact-of-online-advertising-on-generation-ys-purchase-decision-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">403</span> Using Industrial Service Quality to Assess Service Quality Perception in Television Advertisement: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20L.%20Martins">Ana L. Martins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20S.%20Saraiva"> Rita S. Saraiva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20C.%20Ferreira"> João C. Ferreira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Much effort has been placed on the assessment of perceived service quality. Several models can be found in literature, but these are mainly focused on business-to-consumer (B2C) relationships. Literature on how to assess perceived quality in business-to-business (B2B) contexts is scarce both conceptually and in terms of its application. This research aims at filling this gap in literature by applying INDSERV to a case study situation. Under this scope, this research aims at analyzing the adequacy of the proposed assessment tool to other context besides the one where it was developed and by doing so analyzing the perceive quality of the advertisement service provided by a specific television network to its B2B customers. The INDSERV scale was adopted and applied to a sample of 33 clients, via questionnaires adapted to interviews. Data was collected in person or phone. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection was performed. Qualitative data analysis followed content analysis protocol. Quantitative analysis used hypotheses testing. Findings allowed to conclude that the perceived quality of the television service provided by television network is very positive, being the Soft Process Quality the parameter that reveals the highest perceived quality of the service as opposed to Potential Quality. To this end, some comments and suggestions were made by the clients regarding each one of these service quality parameters. Based on the hypotheses testing, it was noticed that only advertisement clients that maintain a connection to the television network from 5 to 10 years do show a significant different perception of the TV advertisement service provided by the company in what the Hard Process Quality parameter is concerned. Through the collected data content analysis, it was possible to obtain the percentage of clients which share the same opinions and suggestions for improvement. Finally, based on one of the four service quality parameter in a B2B context, managerial suggestions were developed aiming at improving the television network advertisement perceived quality service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B2B" title="B2B">B2B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=INDSERV" title=" INDSERV"> INDSERV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20service%20quality" title=" perceived service quality"> perceived service quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74834/using-industrial-service-quality-to-assess-service-quality-perception-in-television-advertisement-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">402</span> Relationship of Indoor and Outdoor Levels of Black Carbon in an Urban Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daria%20Pashneva">Daria Pashneva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julija%20Pauraite"> Julija Pauraite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agne%20Minderyte"> Agne Minderyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vadimas%20Dudoitis"> Vadimas Dudoitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Davuliene"> Lina Davuliene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristina%20Plauskaite"> Kristina Plauskaite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inga%20Garbariene"> Inga Garbariene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steigvile%20Bycenkiene"> Steigvile Bycenkiene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Black carbon (BC) has received particular attention around the world, not only for its impact on regional and global climate change but also for its impact on air quality and public health. In order to study the relationship between indoor and outdoor BC concentrations, studies were carried out in Vilnius, Lithuania. The studies are aimed at determining the relationship of concentrations, identifying dependencies during the day and week with a further opportunity to analyze the key factors affecting the indoor concentration of BC. In this context, indoor and outdoor continuous real-time measurements of optical BC-related light absorption by aerosol particles were carried out during the cold season (from October to December 2020). The measurement venue was an office located in an urban background environment. Equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentration was measured by an Aethalometer (Magee Scientific, model AE-31). The optical transmission of carbonaceous aerosol particles was measured sequentially at seven wavelengths (λ= 370, 470, 520, 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm), where the eBC mass concentration was derived from the light absorption coefficient (σab) at 880 nm wavelength. The diurnal indoor eBC mass concentration was found to vary in the range from 0.02 to 0.08 µgm⁻³, while the outdoor eBC mass concentration - from 0.34 to 0.99 µgm⁻³. Diurnal variations of eBC mass concentration outdoor vs. indoor showed an increased contribution during 10:00 and 12:00 AM (GMT+2), with the highest indoor eBC mass concentration of 0.14µgm⁻³. An indoor/outdoor eBC ratio (I/O) was below one throughout the entire measurement period. The weekend levels of eBC mass concentration were lower than in weekdays for indoor and outdoor for 33% and 28% respectively. Hourly mean mass concentrations of eBC for weekdays and weekends show diurnal cycles, which could be explained by the periodicity of traffic intensity and heating activities. The results show a moderate influence of outdoor eBC emissions on the indoor eBC level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20carbon" title="black carbon">black carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20quality" title=" indoor air quality"> indoor air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%2FO%20ratio" title=" I/O ratio"> I/O ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135114/relationship-of-indoor-and-outdoor-levels-of-black-carbon-in-an-urban-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">401</span> Portrayal of Women in Television Advertisement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priya%20Sarah%20Vijoy">Priya Sarah Vijoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to analyze the Portrayal of women in Television Advertisements. This research study is conducted to analyze how women are portrayed in Television Advertisements. Advertising dates back to several hundreds of years. Right from the beginning, the seller wanted his goods to be sold and he used various techniques for achieving his objective. Advertisements have consistently confined women to traditional mother, home, or beauty/sex-oriented roles that are not representative of women’s diversity. Currently, in our society the television stereotyping of woman is the dominating forces in the media that degrade women and limit their representation. Thus the study analyzes how women are portrayed in Television advertisements and find whether roles of women in Television Advertisement are related to the product or not. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising" title="advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotyping" title=" stereotyping"> stereotyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=television" title=" television"> television</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women "> women </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23877/portrayal-of-women-in-television-advertisement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">400</span> Interior Outdoors of Tomorrow: A Study on the Rising Influence of the 'Interior' Vocabulary in the Design of Outdoor Spaces and the Fading Role of the Architectural Discourse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Massimo%20Imparato">Massimo Imparato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aims to identify the background of the contemporary trends in the design of commercial outdoors, and the reasons for the radical change in the traditional relationship between architecture and interior design, where the latter is taking over the construction of the visual narrative framing the users’ experience, which was ruled in the past by the architectural discourse. The design of commercial interiors, in fact, influences the way in which their outdoor spaces are organized and used more than ever before, and reflects the multi-faceted changes in the consumers’ behaviors and their interaction with the built environment. The study starts with the analysis of the evolution of sheltered outdoor spaces to achieve a broader understanding of the shift of meaning of subjects such as private and public domains, and to consider the varied ways of interaction/integration between the building and its exterior space. The study identifies the major social, physical and cultural aspects influencing the design of contemporary commercial outdoor spaces, suggests a new framework for their understanding and draws the methodological guidelines for the development of a structured approach to the design of commercial outdoors. The purpose of the paper is to stress the influence of the design of interiors into the public realm, to indicate new directions in this field of research, and to provide new methodological tools for interior design professionals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interior%20design" title="interior design">interior design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20design" title=" landscape design"> landscape design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20narrative" title=" visual narrative"> visual narrative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20design" title=" outdoor design"> outdoor design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55889/interior-outdoors-of-tomorrow-a-study-on-the-rising-influence-of-the-interior-vocabulary-in-the-design-of-outdoor-spaces-and-the-fading-role-of-the-architectural-discourse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">399</span> Preschoolers’ Involvement in Indoor and Outdoor Learning Activities as Predictors of Social Learning Skills in Niger State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okoh%20Charity%20N.">Okoh Charity N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the predictive power of preschoolers’ involvement in indoor and outdoor learning activities on their social learning skills in Niger state, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. Correlational research design was employed in the study. The population of the study consisted of 8,568 Nursery III preschoolers across the 549 preschools in the five Local Education Authorities in Niger State. A sample of 390 preschoolers drawn through multistage sampling procedure. Two instruments; Preschoolers’ Learning Activities Rating Scale (PLARS) and Preschoolers’ Social Learning Skills Rating Scale (PSLSRS) developed by the researcher were used for data collection. The reliability coefficients obtained for the PLARS and PSLSRS were 0.83 and 0.82, respectively. Data collected were analyzed using simple linear regression. Results showed that 37% of preschoolers’ social learning skills are predicted by their involvement in indoor learning activities, which is statistically significant (p < 0.05). It also shows that 11% of preschoolers’ social learning skills are predicted by their involvement in outdoor learning activities, which is statistically significant (p < 0.05). Therefore, it was recommended among others, that government and school administrators should employ qualified teachers who will stand as role models for preschoolers’ social skills development and provide indoor and outdoor activities and materials for preschoolers in schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschooler" title="preschooler">preschooler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20learning" title=" social learning"> social learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20activities" title=" indoor activities"> indoor activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20activities" title=" outdoor activities"> outdoor activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150984/preschoolers-involvement-in-indoor-and-outdoor-learning-activities-as-predictors-of-social-learning-skills-in-niger-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">398</span> Path loss Signals Determination in a Selected Buildings in Kazaure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musefiu%20Aderinola">Musefiu Aderinola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20A.%20Amuda"> F. A. Amuda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Outages of GSM signals may be experienced at some indoor locations even when there are strong outdoor receptions. This is often traced to the building penetration loss, which account for increased attenuation of received GSM signals level when a mobile signal device is moved indoor from outdoor. In this work, measurement of two existing GSM operators signal level were made outside and inside two selected buildings- mud and block which represent the prevalent building types in Kazaure, Jigawa State, Nigeria. A gionee P2 mobile phone with RF signal tracker software installed in it was used and the result shows that an average loss of 10.62dBm and 4.25dBm for mud and block buildings respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penetration%20loss" title="penetration loss">penetration loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20reception" title=" outdoor reception"> outdoor reception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gionee%20P2" title=" Gionee P2"> Gionee P2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RF%20signal%20tracker" title=" RF signal tracker"> RF signal tracker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mud%20and%20block%20building" title=" mud and block building"> mud and block building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49651/path-loss-signals-determination-in-a-selected-buildings-in-kazaure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">397</span> Outdoor Physical Play as Critical to Early Childhood Development: Findings from Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20S.%20Alghamdi">Rana S. Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Play in early childhood education has been stifled across the world due to an overemphasis on academic achievement and a reduced focus on physical play and motor development. In Saudi Arabia, teachers reticent to allocate more time to play for fear of retribution from parents and administrators that children are losing academic seat time. This practice has proven to be detrimental to the social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development of children. Teachers are pressured to prioritize Arabic, math, and science while providing minimal time for physical activities. Administrators tend to push for an ever-increasing emphasis on academia in order to achieve higher test scores. However, young children often find it difficult to concentrate if they are not able to get out energy through physical play. Furthermore, many youth educators are not qualified to oversee physical activities, and many facilities are unprepared for safe, outdoor play. This results in children getting little to no outdoor activity. They are stuck in a strict academic regimen that may dampen the creativity and imagination easily fostered through cooperative play. For a stronger educational system and more well-rounded students, Saudi schools should enact policies that extend the number of required hours dedicated to outdoor and physical play. They should also offer training for unqualified teachers. This training should focus on the benefits of physical play and instruct them on how to facilitate these activities safely and effectively. School administrators must focus on providing adequate equipment and safe environments for the purpose of outdoor play and education. In doing so, they will be setting their students up for a successful future and improving their abilities in all aspects of education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20childhood%20education" title="early childhood education">early childhood education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=play" title=" play"> play</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor" title=" outdoor"> outdoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131621/outdoor-physical-play-as-critical-to-early-childhood-development-findings-from-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20advertisement&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20advertisement&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20advertisement&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20advertisement&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20advertisement&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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