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</div> </form> </div> </div> <hr/> <div id="content" class="span-13 append-1"> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-13326"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/05/11/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b7%d8%b4-%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%b3/#respond" title="Comment on الزحف العمراني والآفات والعطش تهدد بساتين النخيل العراقية">No Comments</a></span> Posted on May 11th, 2011 by Hussein Al-Bayati</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/05/11/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b7%d8%b4-%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%b3/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to الزحف العمراني والآفات والعطش تهدد بساتين النخيل العراقية">الزحف العمراني والآفات والعطش تهدد بساتين النخيل العراقية</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-decline-of/" rel="tag">Agriculture decline of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/date-harvests/" rel="tag">Date Harvests</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dates/" rel="tag">Dates</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/features/" rel="tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a9/" rel="tag">مدينة الحلة</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9/" rel="tag">المحمودية</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84/" rel="tag">بابل</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; direction: rtl"> <p><a title="20110511_dateharvest_01 by Gorillas Guides, on Flickr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.flickr.com/photos/gorillasguides/5711244566/" class="external" target="_blank"><img style="margin: 10px 0px 5px 20px; display: inline; float: right" alt="20110511_dateharvest_01" align="right" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304im_/http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2700/5711244566_ec34846320_o.jpg" width="300" height="520"/></a>مع تساقط زخات المطر بين شهري تشرين الأول وتشرين الثاني في وسط وجنوب العراق ، تكون التمور قد أينعت وتساقطت بتأثير حرارة الشمس ، حينها تعلو الابتسامة على وجه الفلاح الذي يكون قد سعد بمردود جهده. </p> <p>وعلى رغم ان السنوات القليلة الماضية شهدت أنتاجا ضعيفاً من التمور ، بسبب الملوحة وندرة المياه الا ان الموسم الحالي يبشر عن نتائج افضل مع تحسن وسائل الري وتوفر الكهرباء بقدر اكبر . </p> <p>وتتوزع في محافظات العراق المختلفة لاسيما البصرة والحلة وكربلاء أصنافا من النخيل يقدر عددها ب 650 صنفاً . ويمتلك العراق اليوم 11 مليون نخلة وتسعى وزارة الزراعة إلى الوصول إلى 30 مليون نخلة خلال السنوات العشر المقبلة.</p> <p>يقول المهندس الزراعي فوزي تركي ان أعداد النخيل تراجعت في العراق الى أقل من ثلاثة ملايين بعد عام 2003، لكن هناك وعيا بضرورة البدء بحملات شعبية لزراعة النخيل ، لكن هذا الوعي لم يرافقه التطبيق الميداني.</p> </p></div> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/05/11/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b7%d8%b4-%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%b3/#more-13326" class="more-link">» أقرأ التفاصيل .. | Read the rest of this entry »</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12286"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/01/29/afp-iraq-water-shortages-raising-ethnic-tensions/#respond" title="Comment on AFP: Iraq water shortages raising ethnic tensions">No Comments</a></span> Posted on January 29th, 2011 by Abdus-Samad</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/01/29/afp-iraq-water-shortages-raising-ethnic-tensions/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to AFP: Iraq water shortages raising ethnic tensions">AFP: Iraq water shortages raising ethnic tensions</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/early-warning/" title="View all posts in Early Warning" rel="category tag">Early Warning</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-department/" rel="tag">agriculture department</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/arable-land/" rel="tag">arable land</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/drinking-water/" rel="tag">drinking water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dukan/" rel="tag">Dukan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dukan-dam/" rel="tag">dukan dam</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/electricity/" rel="tag">electricity</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/farmers/" rel="tag">farmers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irrigation/" rel="tag">irrigation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kirkuk/" rel="tag">Kirkuk</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kurdistan/" rel="tag">Kurdistan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kurdistan-region/" rel="tag">kurdistan region</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kurds/" rel="tag">kurds</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rainfall/" rel="tag">rainfall</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/resources/" rel="tag">Resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rural-areas/" rel="tag">rural areas</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sulaimaniyah/" rel="tag">sulaimaniyah</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkmen/" rel="tag">Turkmen</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unemployment/" rel="tag">unemployment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-flow/" rel="tag">water flow</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortage/" rel="tag">water shortage</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortages/" rel="tag">Water Shortages</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-supplies/" rel="tag">water supplies</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <blockquote><p>A worsening water shortage in Iraq is raising tensions in the multi-ethnic Kirkuk province, where Arab farmers accuse the Kurdistan region of ruining them by closing the valves to a dam in winter.</p> <p>"We are harmed by the Kurds, and the officials responsible for Baghdad and Kirkuk will not lift a finger," said Sheikh Khaled al-Mafraji, a leader of the Arab Political Council that groups mainly Sunni tribal leaders.</p> <p>At the heart of the conflict is the Dukan dam, built in 1955 in Iraq’s northern autonomous region of Kurdistan, 75 kilometres (50 miles) northeast of Kirkuk province.</p> <p>"They release too much water from June to September while from October it is the opposite: there is not enough drinking water and even less to irrigate our lands," Mafraji complained.</p> <p>Kirkuk province with its rich oil reserves has 250,000 hectares (617,740 acres) of arable land and 16 percent of its workforce engaged in agriculture, according to UN figures. Winter crops include wheat and corn, and summer harvests are mainly sesame, tomatoes and watermelon.</p> <p>A UN factsheet in October 2010 showed that while more rain fell in 2009 compared with 2008, the situation is still critical. Rainfall is now 50 percent below average.</p> <p>"The central government must intervene immediately to ask that our brothers in the north (Kurds) provide the necessary amounts of water for irrigation," Mafraji said, threatening to hold demonstrations if his voice was not heard.</p> <p>Out of Kirkuk’s estimated 900,000 inhabitants, some 31 percent live in rural areas, UN data shows. They represent all of Iraq’s faiths, and are ethnic Arabs, Turkmen or Kurds.</p> <p>Largely because of its oil riches, Kirkuk is at the centre of a tussle between Iraq’s central government and authorities in Kurdistan, who want to add it to their own region, currently made up of three provinces.</p> <p>"Our suffering began in 2005, when the peasants were forced to set aside one-third of their land and cultivate only small patches near the artesian well" where there was water, said Abdul Rahman al-Obeidi, who owns 450 hectares west of Kirkuk.</p> <p>"The peasants claimed that they (the Kurds) cut off water supplies to force them to leave the area. They do not understand there is a shortage and believe it is a political conflict," he added.</p> <p>For him, it "is the lack of coordination between the authorities in Baghdad and Sulaimaniyah (the province in which the Dukan dam lies) which fuels the notion that the Kurds are responsible."</p> <p>The growing water deficit and dams built by Iraq’s neighbours have significantly reduced the water flow in a country that was until the late 1950s a breadbasket of the Arab world.</p> <p>"The dam holds 1.3 million cubic metres of water," said Shihab Hakim Nader, director of water resources in Kirkuk province.</p> <p>"There is a strategic reserve of 700,000 cubic metres (which must not be used), which means there remains 600,000 cubic metres that can be used. But the rain is becoming more scarce, and the level of the dam is decreasing."</p> <p>"Also, the Kirkuk area receives only 30 cubic metres per second of water, when it should be receiving 75. This is only sufficient for drinking water," he added.</p> <p>The issue is a ticking bomb in a province with strong ethnic loyalties, where Arabs accuse Kurds of intentionally harming the province.</p> <p>"The water issue is critical, and thousands of people driven to unemployment blame their situation on Kurdistan," said Sheikh Burhan Mezher, the head of Kirkuk’s agriculture department.</p> <p>According to Tahseen Kader, a former minister of water resources for the Kurdistan region’s government, the closure of Dukan’s gates is routine and not a matter for concern.</p> <p>"Every year, even during the time of the old regime (of Saddam Hussein who was ousted in 2003) we used to close the dam gates during the winter," he said.</p> <p>Kader said that was done "to conserve water for agriculture in the late spring, and for the production of electricity," and claimed the notion that political motives had driven the dam closure was absurd.</p> <p>"The majority of the inhabitants of the province of Kirkuk are Kurdish, so why would we harm them? We don’t want to harm anyone," he said.</p> </blockquote> <p>Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.france24.com/en/20110129-iraq-water-shortages-raising-ethnic-tensions" class="external" target="_blank">France24 – Iraq water shortages raising ethnic tensions</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11862"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/12/05/rudaw-kurdistans-parched-land-in-dire-need-of-rain/#respond" title="Comment on Rudaw: Kurdistan’s Parched Land in Dire Need of Rain">No Comments</a></span> Posted on December 5th, 2010 by Abdus-Samad</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/12/05/rudaw-kurdistans-parched-land-in-dire-need-of-rain/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Rudaw: Kurdistan’s Parched Land in Dire Need of Rain">Rudaw: Kurdistan’s Parched Land in Dire Need of Rain</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agricultural-land/" rel="tag">agricultural land</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/biyare-district/" rel="tag">Biyare district</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/choman-district/" rel="tag">Choman district</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dams/" rel="tag">Dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/drought/" rel="tag">drought</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/erbil/" rel="tag">Erbil</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/farmers/" rel="tag">farmers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/farms/" rel="tag">farms</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/global-warming/" rel="tag">Global warming</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/graseen-district/" rel="tag">Graseen district</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iranian-border/" rel="tag">iranian border</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iraqi-kurdistan/" rel="tag">Iraqi kurdistan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irrigation/" rel="tag">irrigation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kurdistan/" rel="tag">Kurdistan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kurdistan-meteorology-and-seismology-directorate-kmsd/" rel="tag">Kurdistan Meteorology and Seismology Directorate (KMSD)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kurdistan-region/" rel="tag">kurdistan region</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kurdistan-regional-government/" rel="tag">kurdistan regional government</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kurds/" rel="tag">kurds</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/makhmour/" rel="tag">Makhmour</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/qaraj-district/" rel="tag">Qaraj district</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rainfall/" rel="tag">rainfall</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rainfall-levels/" rel="tag">rainfall levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rania/" rel="tag">Rania</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sulaymaniyah/" rel="tag">Sulaymaniyah</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tawela-district/" rel="tag">Tawela District</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-levels-in-reservoirs-and-dams-and-rivers/" rel="tag">water levels in reservoirs and dams and rivers</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>ERBIL, Iraqi Kurdistan:  An agricultural official from the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) is warning that if there is no rain by December 15th in areas around Erbil and southern Sulaimani, and by the end of this month in other areas of Kurdistan, 85 percent of farms will remain uncultivated this year.</p> <p><a title="20101205_rudaw_drought_article_photo_witrh_caption by Gorillas Guides, on Flickr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.flickr.com/photos/gorillasguides/5233792677/" class="external" target="_blank"><img style="display: inline; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px" height="214" alt="20101205_rudaw_drought_article_photo_witrh_caption" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304im_/http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5088/5233792677_1b764d63e1_o.jpg" width="375" align="right"/></a>It was this fear that made many Kurds congregate last week in different towns and cities praying for rain, a religious ritual practiced by Muslims worldwide asking God to send His merciful rain.</p> <p>Khaled Suleiman, a 44-year-old farmer, has had his seeds and pesticides ready for nearly two months but he has not been able to cultivate his land because of lack of rain. He fears his land will stay uncultivated this year.</p> <p>Suleiman lives in Qaraj district close to Erbil, the capital of the federal region of Kurdistan. Suleiman’s livelihood depends on his approximately 66 hectares of land. He said that, out of 401 hectares of agricultural land in his village, only 13 hectares of it had been cultivated this year.</p> <p>“We fear we will have a dry year and cannot raise our cattle too. If there is no rain by mid-December then there will be no cultivation here,” he said.</p> <p>There are around 1.5 million hectares of agricultural land in Kurdistan, 88 percent of which depends on rain for cultivation. The Qeraj, Kandinawe and Shemamak plains near Erbil are the areas most under the threat of drought this year.</p> <p>Saeed Mustafa, director of agriculture in Makhmour, said only 668 hectares of the area’s 66,890 hectares of agricultural land had been cultivated this year.</p> <p>According to figures obtained by Rudaw from the Kurdistan Meteorology and Seismology Directorate (KMSD), the highest rate of rainfall in Erbil province this year has been in Choman district, near the border with Iran, which has so far seen 12.3 millimeters.</p> <p>In Sulaimani province, the highest rate of rainfall has been in the Tawela area, also close to the Iranian border, which has reached at 8.7 millimeters.  In Duhok province the highest rate has been 8.1 millimeters in the Graseen area.</p> <p>At the same time last year, Choman had seen 176.8 millimeters of rainfall, Biyare 252.4 millimeters and Graseen 88.8 millimeters.</p> <p>KMSD’s head, Hassan Wehab, said his office did not possess advanced enough technology to forecast several months ahead.</p> <p>“We have 27 weather registration centers and we can only forecast the weather for the next 48 hours,” Wehab said.</p> <p>But he said the delay in rainfall is not necessarily a sign of drought since the rainy season is not over yet. KMSD officials say the rain shortage is mostly due to global warming which has affected other areas of the Middle East, such as Lebanon, Jordan, and Palestine/Israel.</p> <p>The looming threat of drought has made some farmers in Kurdistan criticize Kurdistan’s Ministry of Agriculture for failing to implement irrigation projects to reduce their dependence on rainfall.</p> <p>Anwar Omar, director of planning at the Ministry of Agriculture, blamed the low number of irrigation projects on the small budget allocated for this.</p> <p>“In Kurdistan’s five-year strategic agricultural plan, around 70 percent of the budget was earmarked for building dams and irrigation projects, but unfortunately over the past two years only 25 percent of the budget has been injected into the projects,” Omar said. “Because of the budget shortage we have only been able to irrigate 15 percent of agricultural land.”</p> <p>Officials at the Ministry of Agriculture say that, out of 25 proposed dams, only 14 have been approved by the government, and these 14 are only at the stage of signing contracts and surveying.</p> <p>Two dams, one in Koya, south of Erbil, and the other in Garmyan, south of Sulaimani, are currently under construction and are expected to be completed by the end of this year, but they are unlikely to be functioning until after this year.</p> <p><strong>Source:</strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurds/3340.html" class="external" target="_blank">Kurdistan’s Parched Land in Dire Need of Rain</a> | By Rawa Abdulla | Rudaw in English</p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11554"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/10/05/%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7/#respond" title="Comment on ديالى .. "مدينة البرتقال"تحرق بساتينها بسبب قلة المياه">No Comments</a></span> Posted on October 5th, 2010 by Harith</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/10/05/%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to ديالى .. "مدينة البرتقال"تحرق بساتينها بسبب قلة المياه">ديالى .. "مدينة البرتقال"تحرق بساتينها بسبب قلة المياه</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-decline-of/" rel="tag">Agriculture decline of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/citrus-orchards-death-of/" rel="tag">citrus orchards - death of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/diyala/" rel="tag">Diyala</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>ديالى: أقدم فلاحو منطقة ناحية أبي صيدا (27 كم) شمال شرق بعقوبة مركزمحافظة ديالى، التي كانت تعرف ب"مدينة البرتقال" على حرق بساتينهم التي جفت بسبب قلة المياه وانعدام الخدمات التي تقدم اليهم في الوقت نفسه يحدوهم </p> <p>أمل ضعيف جدا أن يتمكنوا من زراعة غيرها، يجري كل هذا وسط صمت حكومي كبير اعتاد عليه العراقيين منذ أكثر من ست سنوات اغلب البساتين الزراعية في منطقته، والتي كانت تسمى "مدينة البرتقال" لكثرته فقدت بريقها منذ اربعة أعوام وأصبحت أسواقها تستقبل الحمضيات المستوردة بعدما كانت بساتينها الغناء مصدرا لأحسن أنواع الحمضيات وفي مقدمتها البرتقال.</p> </p></div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11240"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/07/04/photo-essay-women-fetching-water/#comments" title="Comment on Photo Essay: Women Fetching Water">2 Comments</a></span> Posted on July 4th, 2010 by Umm Fatima</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/07/04/photo-essay-women-fetching-water/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Photo Essay: Women Fetching Water">Photo Essay: Women Fetching Water</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/photos/" title="View all posts in Photos" rel="category tag">Photos</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/postcards-from-iraq/" title="View all posts in Postcards from Iraq" rel="category tag">Postcards from Iraq</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/women/" title="View all posts in Women and Children" rel="category tag">Women and Children</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/diwaniya/" rel="tag">Diwaniya</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/drinkable-water/" rel="tag">drinkable water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/fertiliser/" rel="tag">fertiliser</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food/" rel="tag">food</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/infrastructure/" rel="tag">infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/neglect/" rel="tag">neglect</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/photo/" rel="tag">Photo</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/photos/" rel="tag">Photos</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/poverty/" rel="tag">Poverty</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/riverbanks/" rel="tag">riverbanks</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rural-areas/" rel="tag">rural areas</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rural-poverty/" rel="tag">rural poverty</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/squatter-camps/" rel="tag">squatter camps</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/streams/" rel="tag">streams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/team-members/" rel="tag">Team Members</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/umm-fatima/" rel="tag">Umm Fatima</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-contamination/" rel="tag">Water Contamination</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-situation/" rel="tag">water situation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-children/" rel="tag">Women and Children</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>Villages and rural areas have suffered a lot, the agriculture is collapsing or has collapsed in many places and  many people have moved to the cities to try to find work. Mostly there is no work to be found and what work they find is badly paid day labourer work. So they live in a squalid squatter camps and try to survive. </p> <p>For those who stay life is almost as tough. The rural areas have been neglected for a very long time and lack basic infrastructure and facilities the most desperate need is for clean drinkable water. Even for those villages on riverbanks or with wells or streams the water situation is desperate. The water is untreated and so it is often contaminated with fertiliser or faecal organisms. But an added hardship is that the women and the children have to go to the ponds and the stream to fetch the water and then carry it back. I recently visited my mother who lives in a small village in a quite difficult to travel to part of Diwnaiyah. She decided this year that she was too frail to make the journey to the city where I live with my husband and children for a holiday. So her holiday this year is that my sisters and I have travelled to her and fixed things in the house and in her field where she grows her food.</p> <p>I had forgotten how very very hard work it is to fetch and carry water.</p> <div style="clear: both">Umm Fatima </div> <div style="padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px; width: 460px; padding-top: 5px"> <div class="container"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="frame"> <p>In this first photograph the women and children set off to fetch their water. If you look at the sky and their shadows you can see that they have left it quite late. I can tell you from experience that it is best to get this job as early as possible before the heat of the sun make the job even harder than it already is. </p> <p><a title="water_fetching_diwaniyah_village_photo_essay_01 by Gorillas Guides, on Flickr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.flickr.com/photos/27086036@N02/4759233943/" class="external" target="_blank"><img style="display: block; float: none; margin: 0px auto 5px" height="337" alt="water_fetching_diwaniyah_village_photo_essay_01" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304im_/http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4097/4759233943_db242d9b88_o.jpg" width="450"/></a></p> </p></div> <p> </div> </p></div> </p></div> <div style="clear: both"> </div> <div style="padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px; width: 460px; padding-top: 5px"> <div class="container"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="frame"> <p>The second photograph shows how you collect the water from a pond or a stream: </p> <p>You put all of your containers on the bank then you get into the water and fill them one by one. </p> <p><a title="water_fetching_diwaniyah_village_photo_essay_02 by Gorillas Guides, on Flickr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.flickr.com/photos/27086036@N02/4759233371/" class="external" target="_blank"><img style="display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto" height="337" alt="water_fetching_diwaniyah_village_photo_essay_02" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304im_/http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4139/4759233371_f49941cff2_o.jpg" width="450"/></a></p> </p></div> <p> </div> </p></div> </p></div> <div style="clear: both"> </div> <div style="padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px; width: 460px; padding-top: 5px"> <div class="container"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="frame"> <p>The third photograph does not really give you a clear idea of how <em>heavy</em> water is. Even a small pot like this is quite heavy. </p> <p>If you use a small pot you have to carry many small pots to the stream and then go back many times this makes you very tired and takes a long time. Or you can use or one or two big ones to have enough water for the day but carrying a big pot is very very hard work!  </p> <p><a title="water_fetching_diwaniyah_village_photo_essay_03 by Gorillas Guides, on Flickr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.flickr.com/photos/27086036@N02/4759867838/" class="external" target="_blank"><img style="display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto" height="337" alt="water_fetching_diwaniyah_village_photo_essay_03" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304im_/http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4114/4759867838_6e6fbfe74f_o.jpg" width="450"/></a></p> </p></div> <p> </div> </p></div> </p></div> <div style="clear: both"></div> <p>I want to finish by saying a big "thank you!" to Erdla for fixing my English and getting the photos to look right.</p> <p>Umm Fatima</p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11191"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/29/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82-%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%a6%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a-%d8%a7/#respond" title="Comment on حرائق تلتهم مئات الدونمات من الأراضي المزروعة بالحنطة في نينوى">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 29th, 2010 by Nabil</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/29/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82-%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%a6%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a-%d8%a7/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to حرائق تلتهم مئات الدونمات من الأراضي المزروعة بالحنطة في نينوى">حرائق تلتهم مئات الدونمات من الأراضي المزروعة بالحنطة في نينوى</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/fire/" rel="tag">fire</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/wheat-harvest/" rel="tag">wheat harvest</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>نينوى: قال مصدر صحفي اليوم ،ان المزارعين في تلكيف يطالبون  بتعويض الذين تضرروا نتيجة حرائق عدة وقع آخرها أمس وقضى على محصول القمح في مئات الدونمات من الاراضي الزراعية  وقال مصدر  صحفي  </p> <p>حدوث حريق كبير بمساحات تقدر بمئات الدونمات من الأراضي المزروعة بمادة الحنطة في القضاء، وعجزت فرق الاطفاء عن اخمادها. وقال المصدر إن "النيران اندلعت في مساحة واسعة من الأراضي المزروعة بمادة الحنطة في قرية باتنايا بسبب حريق وقع ظهر الاثنين  مبيناً انه "الحق أضراراً مادية كبيرة بحقول تعود لنحو عشرين فلاحاً وأضاف أن "الرياح أدت إلى انتشار النيران في الحقول بسرعة مما حال دون السيطرة عليها على الرغم من مشاركة سيارات الإطفاء وأصحاب السيارات الحوضية وسكان المنطقة في عملية الإخماد".</p> </p></div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11187"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/29/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87/#respond" title="Comment on العراق: القتل من أجل المياه">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 29th, 2010 by Nabil</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/29/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to العراق: القتل من أجل المياه">العراق: القتل من أجل المياه</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/abu-ghraib/" rel="tag">Abu Ghraib</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agricultural-land/" rel="tag">agricultural land</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agricultural-sector/" rel="tag">agricultural sector</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/air/" rel="tag">Air</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/armed-conflict/" rel="tag">armed conflict</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/average-rainfall/" rel="tag">average rainfall</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/baghdad/" rel="tag">Baghdad</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/bala/" rel="tag">Bala</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/children/" rel="tag">Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/construction-of-dams/" rel="tag">construction of dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/corruption/" rel="tag">Corruption</a>, <a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sanitation/" rel="tag">sanitation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/security-situation/" rel="tag">security situation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/shortage-of-water/" rel="tag">shortage of water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/soil-salinity/" rel="tag">soil salinity</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates-rivers/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/traditional-tribes/" rel="tag">traditional tribes</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/underinvestment/" rel="tag">underinvestment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-distribution/" rel="tag">water distribution</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-level/" rel="tag">water level</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-levels/" rel="tag">water levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-pumps/" rel="tag">water pumps</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-supplies/" rel="tag">water supplies</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/west-baghdad/" rel="tag">west Baghdad</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/who/" rel="tag">WHO</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>في الساعات الأولى من صباح 18 يونيو، اقتحم مسلحون منزل فيصل حسن في غرب بغداد وقتلوه وزوجته وطفليهما الصغيرين. ولكن لم يكن الدافع وراء هذه الجريمة طائفياً أو سياسياً أو حتى اقتصادياً، بل كان مرتبطاً بالمياه. <br/>فقد كان حسن البالغ من العمر أربعين عاماً موظفاً في دائرة الري المحلية في مدينة أبو غريب، الواقعة على بعد 32 كيلومتراً من بغداد والتي اشتهرت في الآونة الأخيرة بالفضائح المرتبطة بالسجن المقام على أرضها. وكان القسم الذي يعمل فيه حسن يشرف على توزيع الحكومة للمياه على الأراضي الزراعية داخل مدينة أبو غريب ومحيطها.</p> <p>وحسب محقق الشرطة، محمد خضير، رفع مقتل حسن عدد العاملين في قسم الري الذين تعرضوا للقتل في هذه المدينة إلى ثلاثة خلال الأشهر الثلاثة الماضية. وعلق خضير على ذلك بقوله: "لم يكن لأي من هؤلاء علاقة بالسياسة أو الأنشطة المعادية للمتشددين ولكنهم كانوا بدل ذلك ضحايا لطبيعة عملهم التي أصبحت محفوفة بالمخاطر". <br/><strong>خطر المواجهات المحلية </strong> <br/>وتتمتع القبائل والعشائر التقليدية في المناطق الريفية في العراق بسلطة كبيرة، إذ عادة ما تحصل من أعضائها على ولاء أقوى مما يقدمونه للحكومة الوطنية. وقد دخلت هذه العشائر في الماضي في اشتباكات حول الأراضي وموارد المياه ولكن مع غياب حكومة قوية منذ عام 2003 وانخفاض إمدادات المياه خلال السنوات الأخيرة، يرى بعض المحللين أن الخلافات المحلية المرتبطة بالمياه في ازدياد وأصبحت تنذر بخطر حدوث نزاعات مسلحة. </p> <p>وعلق جعفر محمد علي، وهو محلل بكربلاء على ذلك بقوله: "لا نملك اليوم حكومة تعمل بشكل كامل لأنها منشغلة كلياً بالحالة الأمنية والخلافات السياسية، ولذلك لا تلعب دوراً قوياً في ردع أي خلاف محتمل واسع النطاق. كما نعاني أيضاً من نقص حاد في المياه على الصعيد الوطني ومن وضع اقتصادي سيء للغاية يجعل من الصعب جداً على المزارعين القيام بأعمال أخرى". <br/>من جهته، أفاد علي اسماعيل الزبيدي، أحد شيوخ القبائل في محافظة الديوانية الواقعة على بعد حوالي 200 كلم إلى الجنوب من بغداد، أن قبيلته أجرت "مفاوضات صعبة" بشأن حصص المياه مع قبيلة أخرى مجاورة. وأضاف قائلاً: "نحن نعاني من مشاكل يومية فيما يخص المياه، فهم يستعملون مضخات مياه كهربائية ضخمة لشفط المياه ولا يتركون لنا سوى قطرات فقط. كما أن المسؤولين في الحكومة عاجزون عن تنظيم الري ووقف أولئك الذين ينتهكون اللوائح الخاصة به إما بسبب الفساد أو لأنهم يخشون على حياتهم. لذا يتعين علينا حل هذه المشكلة بأنفسنا". وأوضح أنه بحاجة لعقد المزيد من الاجتماعات مع شيوخ هذه القبيلة لحل النزاع حول المياه "ولكن هذا لا يعني أنه بإمكاننا الانتظار طويلاً، بل سنتصرف بسرعة لتأمين المياه التي نحتاجها لأرضنا حتى لو توجب علينا حمل السلاح". <br/><strong>أمة تفتقر للمياه</strong> <br/>وكان العراق تاريخياً واحداً من الدول الأكثر خصوبة في المنطقة بفضل نهري دجلة والفرات اللذين يتدفقان باتجاه الجنوب الشرقي عبر البلاد بأسرها. وكان شريطاً أخضراً من الأراضي الخصبة يمتد عبر وسط البلاد تغذيه مياه النهرين. غير أن مستويات المياه في دجلة والفرات انخفضت بشكل مطرد في السنوات الأخيرة بسبب قلة هطول الأمطار وبناء السدود على الأنهار في تركيا وسوريا. </p> <p>بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تعرض القطاع الزراعي في البلاد للشلل بسبب عقود من الحرب وانعدام الأمن وقلة الاستثمارات وقطع الأشجار من دون رادع لاستخدامها كحطب للوقود، مما زاد من ملوحة التربة وتسبب في تعرض بعض المناطق للتصحر. وقد تحولت مساحات كبيرة من الأراضي الزراعية التي كانت خصبة فيما قبل إلى صحراء شبه قاحلة أخذت تسبب عدداً متزايداً من العواصف الرملية في ظل ذبول النباتات المثبتة للتربة. <br/>وقد قامت الحكومة، استجابة لذلك، بتبني تدابير لتنظيم كمية المياه المستخدمة للري في كل محافظة ولكنها واجهت صعوبات في تنفيذها. وقال مهدي القيسي، وكيل وزارة الزراعة، لشبكة الأنباء الإنسانية (إيرين) أن "المزارعين لم يلتزموا بلوائح توزيع المياه. ونحن ننصحهم باتباع هذه اللوائح هذا العام لأننا لا نستطيع ضمان كمية المياه التي ستتوفر لدينا". </p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://arabic.irinnews.org/ReportArabic.aspx?SID=2083" class="external" target="_blank">العراق: القتل من أجل المياه-العراق-بيئة-نزاع-المياه والصرف الصحي</a></p> </p></div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11115"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/24/killing-for-water/#respond" title="Comment on Killing for water">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 24th, 2010 by Khaled</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/24/killing-for-water/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Killing for water">Killing for water</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/average-rainfall/" rel="tag">average rainfall</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/baghdad/" rel="tag">Baghdad</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/bala/" rel="tag">Bala</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/children/" rel="tag">Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/construction-of-dams/" rel="tag">construction of dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/corruption/" rel="tag">Corruption</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dams/" rel="tag">Dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/desertification/" rel="tag">Desertification</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/diwaniya/" rel="tag">Diwaniya</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/economic-situation/" rel="tag">economic situation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/farmers/" rel="tag">farmers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/farmland/" rel="tag">farmland</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/feuds/" rel="tag">feuds</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irrigation/" rel="tag">irrigation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irrigation-department/" rel="tag">irrigation department</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/land-resources/" rel="tag">land resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rainfall/" rel="tag">rainfall</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/resources/" rel="tag">Resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rural-areas/" rel="tag">rural areas</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/salinity/" rel="tag">salinity</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sandstorms/" rel="tag">sandstorms</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sanitation/" rel="tag">sanitation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/security-situation/" rel="tag">security situation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/shortage-of-water/" rel="tag">shortage of water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/soil-salinity/" rel="tag">soil salinity</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates-rivers/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/traditional-tribes/" rel="tag">traditional tribes</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/underinvestment/" rel="tag">underinvestment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-distribution/" rel="tag">water distribution</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-level/" rel="tag">water level</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-levels/" rel="tag">water levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-pumps/" rel="tag">water pumps</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-supplies/" rel="tag">water supplies</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/west-baghdad/" rel="tag">west Baghdad</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/who/" rel="tag">WHO</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>BAGHDAD, 23 June 2010 (<a title="IRIN" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=89586" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN</a>) – In the early hours of 18 June, gunmen broke into Faisal Hassan’s west Baghdad home killing him, his wife and their two young children. The motive was not sectarian, political or even economic – but water-related. <br/>Forty-year-old Hasan was an employee of a local irrigation department in Abu Ghraib city – 32km west of Baghdad and famed in recent times for scandals surrounding its prison. <br/>The department he worked for supervised government water distribution to farmland in and around Abu Ghraib. His death brings the number of irrigation department employees killed in this city to three in the past three months, Mohammed Khudhair, a police investigator, said. <br/>“All these employees had nothing to do with politics or anti-militant activities, but instead were victims of the nature of their work, which has become a risky one,” he said. </p> <p><strong>Risk of local feuds </strong></p> <p>In Iraq’s rural areas, traditional tribes and clans hold much sway and often attract stronger loyalty from members than the national government. Clans have clashed in the past over land resources and water, but with the absence of a strong government since 2003 and the decline in water supplies in recent years, analysts say local water feuds are on the rise and risk becoming armed conflicts.</p> <div style="padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; float: right; padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px; width: 360px; padding-top: 5px"> <div class="container"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="frame"> <p>Government officials can’t control the regulation of irrigation and stop those who violate their regulations either because of corruption or because they fear for their lives. So we have to solve this issue ourselves.</p> </p></div> <p> </div> </p></div> </p></div> <p>“Today, we don’t have a fully functioning government as it is totally preoccupied by the security situation and political wrangling so we don’t have a strong role to deter any possible widespread conflict,” Karbala-based analyst Jaafar Moahmmed Ali said. “Besides, we have an acute shortage of water nationwide and a very bad economic situation that makes it very hard for farmers to do other work.” <br/>Tribal sheikh Ali Ismael al-Zubaidi from Diwaniya Governorate, about 200km south of Baghdad, said he had been having “tough negotiations” over water allocations with another tribe that lives upstream from his. <br/>“We have daily problems with water. They are siphoning water with huge electric water pumps and leave only drops for us,” al-Zubaidi said. “Government officials can’t control the regulation of irrigation and stop those who violate their regulations either because of corruption or because they fear for their lives. So we have to solve this issue ourselves.” <br/>Al-Zubaidi said he needed to hold more meetings with the upstream tribe to resolve the water dispute “but that doesn’t mean that we can wait a long time. We will act swiftly to secure the water we need for our land even if we have to take up weapons.” </p> <p><strong>Water-scarce nation </strong></p> <p>Historically, Iraq has been one of the more fertile nations in the region, thanks largely to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which flow southeasterly through the entire nation. There used to be a thick, green ribbon of fertile land snaking through the middle of the country, fed by the two rivers. <br/>However, in recent years water levels in the Euphrates and Tigris <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=86222" class="external" target="_blank">have steadily fallen</a> due to below-average rainfall and the construction of dams on the rivers in neighbouring Turkey and Syria. <br/>In addition, the country’s agricultural sector has been paralysed by decades of war and insecurity, underinvestment and the unchecked felling of trees for firewood, which has increased <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=85987" class="external" target="_blank">soil salinity</a> and caused desertification in some areas. Large tracts of once fertile agricultural land have been transformed into semi-arid desert and are causing an increasing number of sandstorms as soil-binding plants shrivel up. <br/>In response, the government has adopted measures to regulate the amount of water being used for irrigation in each province but has faced difficulties implementing them. <br/>“The farmers didn’t adhere to the water distribution regulations. We advise them to follow the regulations this year because we cannot guarantee the amount of water we’ll have,” Mahdi al-Qaisi, undersecretary at the Ministry of Agriculture, told IRIN. </p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=89586" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | IRAQ: Killing for water | Middle East | Iraq | Environment Conflict Water & Sanitation | News Item</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-10997"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/10/iraqi-farmers-told-to-abandon-cultivating-rice/#respond" title="Comment on Iraqi farmers told to abandon cultivating rice">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 10th, 2010 by Fatima Jameel</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/10/iraqi-farmers-told-to-abandon-cultivating-rice/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Iraqi farmers told to abandon cultivating rice">Iraqi farmers told to abandon cultivating rice</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-decline-of/" rel="tag">Agriculture decline of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-department/" rel="tag">agriculture department</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-ministry/" rel="tag">agriculture ministry</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/anbar-rice/" rel="tag">Anbar rice</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/arable-land/" rel="tag">arable land</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/azzaman/" rel="tag">azzaman</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/cereal-imports/" rel="tag">cereal imports</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/date-palm/" rel="tag">date palm</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/date-palms/" rel="tag">date palms</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/desert/" rel="tag">desert</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/desertification/" rel="tag">Desertification</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/farmers/" rel="tag">farmers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food-imports/" rel="tag">food imports</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irrigation/" rel="tag">irrigation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irrigation-water/" rel="tag">irrigation water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/maysan-governorate/" rel="tag">Maysan (Governorate)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/new-crops/" rel="tag">new crops</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/palm-groves/" rel="tag">palm groves</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/palm-trees/" rel="tag">palm trees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rice/" rel="tag">rice</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rice-cultivation/" rel="tag">rice cultivation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rice-growers/" rel="tag">rice growers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/southern-iraq/" rel="tag">southern iraq</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/summer-crops/" rel="tag">summer crops</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates-rivers/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/underinvestment/" rel="tag">underinvestment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-level/" rel="tag">water level</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-volume/" rel="tag">water volume</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>Iraqi farmers can no longer grow rice in their fields as water levels from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers have become dangerously low, a senior agriculture official said. </p> <p>“We have ordered the farmers to stop growing rice across the province for this year’s summer season,” said Nasser Manatti, head of the Agriculture Department in the southern province of Missan. </p> <p>Most of Iraq’s rice yields, estimated at 150,000 tons a year, come from Missan. </p> <p>“We have taken this measure in order to ration the use of irrigation water,” Manatti said. “We have instructed the farmers to swap to other summer crops. Rice needs a lot of water and we are afraid we cannot meet the water volume necessary for cultivation.” </p> <p>It is not clear how rice growers could suddenly swap to other crops and whether the new crops they grow will be as lucrative. </p> <p>But Manatti said his department has taken several measures to facilitate the change from rice to other crops. </p> <p>Iraq imports more than 80% of its cereal requirements which include more than 1 million tons of rice a year. </p> <p>Local rice produce, which used to meet Iraq’s domestic needs and those of the Gulf states a few decades ago, has slumped and many farmers cultivated the crop for their own needs. </p> <p>Iraqi rice is known for its fragrance and excellent flavor. Today it has turned into something like a delicacy. </p> <p>Iraqi cereal imports are expected to reach 5 million tons this year. </p> <p>Agriculture Ministry officials blame low water levels in the Euphrates and the Tigris, but the country’s agriculture has suffered badly from decades of war and insecurity, underinvestment and the unchecked felling of trees, particularly date-palms in southern Iraq. </p> <p>Iraq’s date-palm groves are estimated to have lost more than 20 million trees. </p> <p>As a result, salinity now affects nearly half the arable land in central and southern Iraq. More arable land has been lost to desertification in other areas.</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.azzaman.com/english/index.asp?fname=news/2010-06-10/kurd.htm" class="external" target="_blank">Iraqi farmers told to abandon cultivating rice</a> by Talib al-Zamili <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.azzaman.com/english/index.asp?code=ennewsen" class="external" target="_blank">Azzaman in English</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-10959"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/06/%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%8a%d9%87%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85/#respond" title="Comment on نقص المياه يهدد استقرار العراق على المدى الطويل">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 6th, 2010 by Suheila Jamil</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/06/%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%8a%d9%87%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to نقص المياه يهدد استقرار العراق على المدى الطويل">نقص المياه يهدد استقرار العراق على المدى الطويل</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-decline-of/" rel="tag">Agriculture decline of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-sector/" rel="tag">agriculture sector</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/arable-land/" rel="tag">arable land</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/barley/" rel="tag">barley</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dams/" rel="tag">Dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/desert/" rel="tag">desert</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/desert-areas/" rel="tag">desert areas</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/desertification/" rel="tag">Desertification</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/euphrates-river/" rel="tag">Euphrates river,</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/hydroelectric-dams/" rel="tag">hydroelectric dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ibrahim-madlool/" rel="tag">Ibrahim Madlool</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/infrastructure/" rel="tag">infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/invasion/" rel="tag">invasion</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irrigation/" rel="tag">irrigation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irrigation-systems/" rel="tag">irrigation systems</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ramadi/" rel="tag">Ramadi</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/reconstruction/" rel="tag">Reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/reuters/" rel="tag">Reuters</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/salinity-excessive/" rel="tag">Salinity - excessive</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sanctions/" rel="tag">Sanctions</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sewage/" rel="tag">sewage</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/" rel="tag">Tigris</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/underinvestment/" rel="tag">underinvestment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-contamination/" rel="tag">Water Contamination</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-level/" rel="tag">water level</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-levels/" rel="tag">water levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-pumps/" rel="tag">water pumps</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortages/" rel="tag">Water Shortages</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/western-anbar/" rel="tag">western Anbar</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/wheat/" rel="tag">wheat</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/wheat-barley/" rel="tag">wheat barley</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <blockquote> <p>الرمادي (العراق) (رويترز) – ينحي عبد الله حسن باللائمة في فساد محاصيله على نقص المياه المزمن ولا يثق كثيرا في أن الحكومة الجديدة ستستطيع احياء قطاع الزراعة بالعراق الذي دمرته الحرب ويعاني من قلة الاستثمارات.</p> <p>عبد الله (50 عاما) اب لخمسة ابناء ويعيش بالفلوجة في محافظة الانبار بغرب العراق وقد اضطر للتخلي عن زرع أفدنته الخمسين والحصول على عمل بقطاع البناء بعد أن قضت سنوات الجفاف على محاصيله من القمح والشعير والطماطم ( البندورة) والخيار والبطيخ.</p> <p>ولا يحدوه امل كبير في العودة الى الزراعة التي كانت مصدر دخله الاساسي على مدى 35 عاما وينوي بيع جزء من أرضه مع استمرار تراجع مستويات المياه في الانهار والخزانات مما يرفع تركيز الملوثات في المياه.</p> <p>وقال "يسوء وضع التربة يوما بعد يوم لان مستوى الملوحة يزيد والخصوبة تقل. هذا مثل السرطان الذي يصيب جسم الانسان."</p> <p> <a title="drought_anbar" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://www.flickr.com/photos/27086036@N02/4675228808/" class="external" target="_blank"><img alt="drought_anbar" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304im_/http://static.flickr.com/4047/4675228808_c81b6a0ab2.jpg" border="0"/></a> <p>وبعد الاضرار التي سببتها عقود من الحرب والعقوبات يعاني العراق من نقص حاد في المياه يتوقع أن يتفاقم مع نمو سكانه الذين يبلغ عددهم نحو 30 مليونا.</p> <p>وتغلب على العراق مساحات من الصحراء القاحلة لكن به أحد اكثر أنظمة الري اتساعا في العالم غير أن سنوات الحرب ونقص الاستثمارات والعقوبات حالت دون استغلاله القليل الذي تبقى من المياه.</p> <p>ويوفر نهرا دجلة والفرات وهما النهران الرئيسيان بالعراق القليل من الغوث للسهول الجافة لان السدود الكهرومائية في تركيا وايران وسوريا المجاورة قللت من تدفق المياه.</p> <p>والاستثمار في البنية التحتية المتهالكة مثل مضخات المياه ضروري لقطاعات رئيسية كالزراعة والنفط فضلا عن جهود اعادة الاعمار الاوسع نطاقا بعد سبع سنوات من الغزو الذي قادته الولايات المتحدة وأطاح بالرئيس صدام حسين.</p> <p>وكانت محافظة الانبار وهي منطقة صحراوية شاسعة من المناطق التي تضررت بشكل خاص. وأصبحت مساحات كبيرة من الاراضي التي كانت صالحة للزراعة على نهر الفرات غير مستخدمة لعدم كفاية طرق ضخ المياه النظيفة في التربة.</p> <p>وتقول الامم المتحدة انه يتم صرف نحو 83 في المئة من مياه الصرف الصحي دون معالجة في المجاري المائية فيما تقدر الحكومة أن 24 بالمئة من العراقيين لا يحصلون على مياه امنة.</p> <p>وتعمل الحكومة مع خبراء أمريكيين محاولة انشاء محطات للمعالجة وبحيرات صناعية لتنقية المياه الملوثة.</p> <p>وأنفق فريق اعادة اعمار محافظة في الانبار -وهي وحدة أنشأتها الولايات المتحدة للمساعدة في اعادة بناء العراق- اكثر من 100 مليون دولار لبناء وصيانة منشآت المعالجة ويتوقع أن تتوفر المياه النظيفة لنحو 97 بالمئة من السكان بحلول نهاية العام.</p> <p>ويعيش نحو 90 بالمئة من سكان الانبار البالغ عددهم 1.4 مليون نسمة على امتداد نهر الفرات حيث انخفضت مستويات المياه انخفاضا حادا. وكان متوسط معدل التدفق بالنهر الف متر مكعب في الثانية قبل اقامة سدود وتباطؤ معدل التدفق فيه الى 290 مترا مكعبا في الثانية في أغسطس اب الماضي وهو أدنى مستوياته منذ ستة أعوام.</p> <p>ويقول مسؤولون عراقيون ان منشات الصرف الصحي غير كافية ويشيرون الى أن تكلفة انشاء نظام للصرف الصحي في بلدة الرمادي تبلغ 400 مليون دولار على الاقل.</p> <p>وتساءل ابراهيم مدلول مدير ماء الانبار "أين سنجد المستثمرين الذين سيأتون ويستثمرون 400 مليون دولار في مشروع كهذا.."</p> <p>وأضاف أنه يتطلع الى مساندة الحكومة المركزية لدعم مشاريع بهذا الحجم.</p> <p>وقد يطول الانتظار.. فالعراق يعيش حالة من التشكك السياسي منذ انتخابات السابع من مارس اذار التي لم تسفر عن فائز واضح.</p> <p>وقد يستغرق تشكيل حكومة جديدة عدة اشهر وسيعني هذا تأجيل المشاريع الجديدة التي تحتاج الى موافقة الحكومة.</p> <p>ومن المتوقع أن تركز الحكومة الجديدة على تحسين الخدمات الاساسية بما في ذلك التفاوض على مزيد من امدادت المياه من الجيران والتركيز على ترشيد استهلاك المياه القليلة التي لدى العراق.</p> <p>ويهدد نقص المياه تطوير حقول النفط في العراق الذي يتمتع بثالث اكبر احتياطي في العالم والذي عقد في العام الماضي صفقات يمكن أن تدفعه الى مصاف كبريات الدول المنتجة.</p> <p>فيجب ضخ كميات كبيرة من المياه تحت الارض للحفاظ على الضغط عند استخراج النفط. ويحتاج انتاج برميل واحد من النفط الى نحو 1.6 برميل من المياه.</p> <p>ويعتبر تطوير الزراعة وقطاع النفط -الذي يعمل به عدد يزيد عن عدد العاملين في أي قطاع اخر- ضروريا لصرف الشبان العاطلين عن التشدد مع تعافي العراق من أعمال العنف الطائفي التي شهدها عامي 2006 و2007 .</p> <p>لكن عبد الله الذي يجني الفي دينار (1.71 دولار) في اليوم من عمله بالبناء لا يتوقع تحسنا كبيرا مع تولي الحكومة الجديدة.</p> <p>وقال "لا أظن أن صحوة حكومية ستحدث خاصة بعد اكثر من سبع سنوات من هذا التدهور… لست متفائلا."</p> <p>من سيرينا تشودري</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214304/http://ara.reuters.com/article/topNews/idARACAE6550BN20100606?sp=true" class="external" target="_blank">نقص المياه يهدد استقرار العراق على المدى الطويل | أخبار الشرق الأوسط | Reuters</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="navigation"> <div class="alignleft"><a 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