CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134dc1c2f353e14',cH: 'gaR7Mx8GSN0xnshCRl5HoZ.0BsUH5elY.15MbIiX6xk-1739785686-1.2.1.1-yG7NG3QSLm5ae9y7BtS8fejqOaGJU0VOiw4FQbjNyWgAbpHWm9G.WE6riCm4q270',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/58626\/integrating-generic-skills-into-disciplinary-curricula?__cf_chl_tk=W7V5xhya8PBI1WTZJlKbgvkTouvxJ2daM4osab5GZvc-1739785686-1.0.1.1-idtt9ZmIz.PvC5zaXaljRHVSMsGqZ0BcIoMdWmamOyo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785686',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/58626\/integrating-generic-skills-into-disciplinary-curricula?__cf_chl_f_tk=W7V5xhya8PBI1WTZJlKbgvkTouvxJ2daM4osab5GZvc-1739785686-1.0.1.1-idtt9ZmIz.PvC5zaXaljRHVSMsGqZ0BcIoMdWmamOyo",md: "coX3fdlzXC0JjPcGQZ6bERIvRj5nj5O2lmppks1yNsA-1739785686-1.2.1.1-Z1wjMXLawffNr5KHTsqgj9MiSzqr5Yxta6_I1oomemtc1A_v7QUzITG9iF9gRw0aQt5MEnG5w62R90szfTNmiXMpdXTarPNWvZZ4fpGlkbBoP8VvIGTooRfOME1GpecnooQYVasKiQikASfees7EFefFttpLMJ3o_sdolWg3iqljIWK6eXrApu.rvpSMPUXLM.aFBt1p_l.b2D3fDLJKF0TISdF0RctAuZ5aw2MdBNs2RdVbkw7iIARFeb.0JXDFgDzryoMvAknx06dEB6eF9ppQSn9WdLJAWVc6QPep7eQ_mVHKou8nTL4cE4eUGu3KQIFbwjG9uux.vEAQXiBvSnn2UIlcwOCsIZudpcFKC4rFD9kS9gC2xN_rh0_MdHNpbp0imKTVg5w7PVg1PZm.CUKrhOEPbjb9NNuVVt0Ot2NdyJygg48AKN.3Y99Me5HevEQrjprzxoimKPVDJrk7BzYnMc.hBqR_I7Nezgf6xdOh_pnQWoY_KrEjPtbuCT.3ZbCP993Ws.SQfGviRHLJse1jlIgm23EsasDmnk5HSdln1No.HSYbiVjMA0T7OaqygJ1ZiD.pc7HUeTB.DqewCagHFVuXp9oZQgCF5w3aTOGlkNMLWUSkqkZjJN.lfv2I_tfHBIDcpaPOE8Jy0q5JaqGsZvIIIVNew8g1ASX5EiwZq2oww6DYmYOuIeDrSd_XcBnS7nlh4pfxaJrv1h.Epr8.qU_oEp5dcgu2IgE7GJnfmPfSKbACclOeqQpQGU3r_U_H6Ck1_Y8fLHQZk33SlOzIfYqrT6UJtMz6Ar2uR9_A.eqiajsXDokUFIKvGBn7h.0cRZfWtXRIT_C66TPmgIOM19M.3Md4PYgSgE0vrGbEH6kfAJx2tFsLNEdKOrg2a2Dn1DIiDdpfEL4BtNwtWhs9DhAzrkYQWfFU3YpRenVFXIkWUq3I24TgPEIOGc__y4vrQEzQxklQZl9Ib_sOAlBfxM8HAZFkdZrWFXb3XhVVo_.D8gC7y9bKUdxz2OBFPL.3G2_SjRvDhI9QELNQfQH1v50cMv4sPPxbVd6VOYMO4Nz9yaQNOv1KtZkEC7x6gdKq7iJIkop2MdVyYupCeIz0Wp4U1YZe_i5x.DGNOa4w1S_OQOX3_yJccg2POHqsetMljf9K2TM6MzIUbrr6GBsoq9mPkQ1Cdc6h5mP6amSYjmdrAHlPW0uZXAaWnvNNQHqFqzFP2gHDbFKfzNai2L1zsi4wAySmQSdeCc4vCHbD6cK5WHtJoFrTRITpT3gUvj4a06bFeoajEyWG7_ONRCwAll1cOx9GyT7a6K099Y2tHXcVaiwH2mHAOCc5SDLTxXdP10n.pbxtRSelLTU9VqybYYyUIVrENXKmQZQ_gd8c1dGGkYcJywQamO8KPttEJreuSVZu__g5i1SXq1Gb0DAOgAah5zB8vKQkgYSIzTTnEwJJSAMHs9RnahZif7Hj4RIuMUoM4v7fF6EqIRyDkr_Xg_Ve44Q53XcQgziJp.UOjpsOtau6Zkjeg75vEqe4spPMu8Wsf5GGAKZzCH.JnKltSOiHr0mqerxECLVf6uA6RHnei7M.bpk74RfJ1F8GXoLI92nkbIrIiJ4d6zEi4KH0iUwfusfP3m3EM5nmo1dmUJyK4.HsprDV3H_Z4a2IE8gb6P1AZTxMYGwgxWGZ8rt9wfJAnDgOa4gMBkD9yxHPL3MBU4mspoOWNBDWmNhYy3_exvnWObjNEUnO9qR.Mej.kEXPVG8CWZeSLUhzYnY_E7BLX.vA7BUAzXHlR9rB3ZIil.gxkARC1By2SwRcCzjd4vpRlTT53b3aZcZwyefnYbIBDPowfc2lU_0_xjm8YKzGmKLOr7uqigqtL64W33v4i.VGDnQLMt2Yf6GBFWyfwu_6A_wOnbyXiykuQLiDo8bYOb6MsqxFEEA5ZZuaFfl.wDhRVPqCIAnWVV70kuOTo2H3SdAG9HvkZiOjNVWpxxpt_of_NH4jtnCxkay7.r_2nFLPVKH5.W8Vaf42MUEjt6bRNuJx0s2qrntHZIAf",mdrd: "KGNENBAuHZ90alt7.oGkKPTU19BVHkSoW9auAE2KdoM-1739785686-1.2.1.1-c9gPnWNLIHMf5KZsT1kt7yDbuAT86n0TBNA.qwyPGtJNChNElTtSLFeNnOpPTZtGINBP7EAeyR9Gcm4iIbhCzcjHKSi.3qh6cgEHTK0I1YoyphLZi6gYQosndOfeVpOgnFCt2hzYpuMTg13Wm3srJPEtLNHHW_uJUu_QgeWlk8.8XH9_ukcukaaAz0mH3tTo2_5QdOTvXnfNYPVupAsqs6T4v_6ZCl.w.OmdcskZ43ZL1rfSAbz9G6FE4_.MiAQ9OAOc1HEGVY0cxymhLcV_SVgxqK1yAwn_rMzO0U1dKFcTAMGJd5DZGRe.QuoA.oNThh2.YNM8nXwi.0ZCMG.Sh8pWEihI2KmUtENFvITmHIdA.awn3dbWza5StcAtEgagzaJS_8Wq5d.ZSw093tkCXFl.MaeSOT5xca9Fi6biWXENZul_.Tf4_nvUOrTCIx0cZKANNX2laM1Bzrb5f_PBEzQGGm7e5s65_mcoQmAff.M3QswKa9PXnK.rzKgi_m6LQ0djtJ4Po_ICeMU.0yaCnr0PT_KXbe2QGr15v31hzhQAIITjqv5SBsTTyF8JPZNiBYlvnK7oHmkwhTT_vk5B7oFEqQSYB5CvteDnqDCYQHE7FuVnqIF9jQFQYLHgtlNczP9yXOkyZp30.Vt_mkrVE6ejGvXaVWgLoZwr05V580SFW3ew_7Q7by0.NibKZhGVXHQJEk6YPbyp7NhayptPZq3eBZjVQMn3yr.l8.lodde9ZKIkNAb9h59G_IMuT7YxcusRDiW9V_tBL39evKKd2nYqlvQ.x_bn3moH2CpoOPBhyjxDcwtvWCBhjxtLUFDzYL0SZ_bRtEDAAYpNbSMfM_xk_N_05q5eKZZC25OFk_hDySX9yC3txNSF5XtmN_u_T5cHyruAk0A6xZhNCS5NIOlIu1NtNlV.kzwl6ZDY_1TMkR1b2Vmj5Ug34yA9W2L4T.t7NXtLFn4YIEWtWT3ktbRJlYFzKoWDA4kDDG2zY2Ys7cR4Jh5Ys0jsjMzFFEwxXRQfOGHhdHP8zjlD42fV_xDB.n1KqC4WxzbXsVxIhU7xxmgDWkRQBgZ6VP..SPN6izxYpAe2ldeO7VB9X8cinm9qD1xW7WbN_8hvL0vHIOqg.HgJXuz.L4pVpeI5IzkJWrlc_AmVSDURLIDqEGF1Wdo.EUKc1WH702xtpgbWqjnH6cx0PHgc.w9anKFCouaDync3ZlBQ8rqsKbdw8ilLDhpnS8YcUB7sxSSNSFJOaRaC2iub10GocSdcV54CObgsJJHQifba0Dumk20_W_26B1GOsWmWI2VKNeu5Jk1IT3YgXpkkoOLRaZuzcKR2sk29Aanwc9.tZBWPpWIK2TnPxlwVua_VUoHAaV.PSj13VtI3uH8GrJDivvsyTe5MIzvpwDDdEnyb9SclXtJFhM3ZVWt9THxAwV4BsxIMeiCxVYmFvgb9fl2c6fFIP8kWNmpx3CQOjN6_qV9CwTSxvqRMQL6NZHCQRyJ7YdUMZ3U.6.CrTFgQv0SPxwLYqYGQiehimXx173A6lUVlsNSYN_nF5e2NHJfhq0nD7VtVPocoog1vzG408_qLOYqM4s2bMj4vkK6QKkKm6QyabqdTrGTo9JCf0fJm1Xhj3hVohxAzD.U5B7244l0jkpHZxHddy2KFa51qhvJYXOV_JJvOwoszsFAesQTXgOSbZ.rvDi57tmz54z271_dHxjiwS.WU7EjlNvWaJWTst2obbQGTtZlOOVXxAQxVDy7f.Apf7NtNDn9Y6ig4Vhw84DV30e2BJJzDFD3FWOynlOrDVEz5jMCZvJsidAha4txjCgWKkH0do6TAPeYExUScPVslexhBe2a0OBIrXeTawfXXTFoycE.C2wDLl.zKlSLQWGDnWRTX8q1eoblVhv4XMP9pYVaV4xvfnBVmSy75pOj1t9kU7Emd7DePfrTwZB.crwQiaPX5C4JyXek5w70quNx6JD.eI1VR7H.kR.Dm.7TJyxKAyOCoIg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134dc1c2f353e14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/58626\/integrating-generic-skills-into-disciplinary-curricula?__cf_chl_rt_tk=W7V5xhya8PBI1WTZJlKbgvkTouvxJ2daM4osab5GZvc-1739785686-1.0.1.1-idtt9ZmIz.PvC5zaXaljRHVSMsGqZ0BcIoMdWmamOyo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>