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17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Аннотация</span></span></span><a href="/c/dushistye-veshchestva-5c1bed/annotation" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.2363 4.12686C18.2363 3.43651 18.796 2.87686 19.4863 2.87686C20.1767 2.87686 20.7363 3.43651 20.7363 4.12686C20.7363 4.81722 20.1767 5.37686 19.4863 5.37686C18.796 5.37686 18.2363 4.81722 18.2363 4.12686ZM19.4863 1.37686C17.9675 1.37686 16.7363 2.60808 16.7363 4.12686C16.7363 4.43206 16.786 4.72564 16.8778 4.99996H7C4.79086 4.99996 3 6.79082 3 8.99996V19C3 21.2091 4.79086 23 7 23H17C19.2091 23 21 21.2091 21 19V8.99996C21 8.16642 20.745 7.39244 20.3089 6.75173C21.4258 6.40207 22.2363 5.35911 22.2363 4.12686C22.2363 2.60808 21.0051 1.37686 19.4863 1.37686ZM7 6.49996H16.6319L14.6964 8.43547C14.4035 8.72837 14.4035 9.20324 14.6964 9.49613C14.9893 9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/dushistye-veshchestva-5c1bed/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Медиа</span></span></span><a href="/c/dushistye-veshchestva-5c1bed/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/dushistye-veshchestva-5c1bed/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Библиография</span></span></span><a href="/c/dushistye-veshchestva-5c1bed/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/dushistye-veshchestva-5c1bed/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Версии</span></span></span><a href="/c/dushistye-veshchestva-5c1bed/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a></div></div></div></nav><div><meta itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ZrhtZ2yUkC15468GGm9MNQ&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=120"><article itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><div itemprop="copyrightHolder" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><meta itemprop="articleSection" content="Химические соединения"><meta itemprop="headline" content="Душистые вещества"><meta itemprop="keywords" content="Термины в химии"><div class="bre-article-page max-md:tw-mt-10 md:max-lg:tw-mt-[81px] max-md:tw-mt-10"><div class="article-sidebar -hide-on-desktop-s"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s">Душистые вещества</div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><header class="bre-article-header -hide-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><a href="/t/chemical_compounds" class="bre-label _link">Химические соединения</a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Химические соединения</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Душистые вещества</h1></header><section class="-hide-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"></section><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Эфирное масло"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Эфирное масло."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Sandra Birgersdotter / Alamy / legion-media.ru"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ZrhtZ2yUkC15468GGm9MNQ&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Эфирное масло" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ZrhtZ2yUkC15468GGm9MNQ&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Ky5EeAuKFxcWIrqrqDJ1hA&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kStc4fLkuszlGiOZtprfLg&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=gjqkmnd85H09nNea4G4BEw&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=wYLLyxtIJUsGsRby3XPHLQ&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=V8hjnmNgtccCcETgZUwOFA&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=1024 1024w" title="Эфирное масло" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Душистые вещества и полупродукты парфюмерно-косметического производства</dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="bre-article-page__container"><div class="bre-article-page__content bre-article-content"><header class="bre-article-header -show-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><a href="/t/chemical_compounds" class="bre-label _link">Химические соединения</a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Химические соединения</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Душистые вещества</h1></header><section class="tw-flex"><div class="-show-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"><div><div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ViewAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ShareAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/LikeAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div></div><span></span></div></div><span></span></section><div class="js-preview-link-root"><div itemprop="articleBody" class="bre-article-body"><section><section><p><b>Души́стые вещества́,</b> природные и синтетические органические соединения с характерным <a href="/c/zapakh-bca658" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">запахом</a>, применяемые в производстве <a href="/c/parfiumeriia-6f4a4c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">парфюмерных</a> и <a href="/c/kosmetika-fe261f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">косметических</a> изделий, <a href="/c/sinteticheskie-moiushchie-sredstva-a95755" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">моющих средств</a>, <a href="/c/pishchevye-produkty-ea861d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">пищевых</a> и других продуктов. Широко распространены в природе: содержатся в <a href="/c/efirnye-masla-87ffde" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">эфирных маслах</a>, душистых смолах и других сложных смесях органических веществ, выделяемых из продуктов растительного и животного происхождения. Со времени зарождения парфюмерии и вплоть до 19 в. единственным источником душистых веществ служили природные продукты. В 19 в. было установлено строение ряда душистых веществ, некоторые из них удалось синтезировать (первыми синтетическими аналогами природных душистых веществ были, например, <a href="/c/vanilin-9a1979" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ванилин</a> с запахом ванили, <a href="/c/b-feniletilovyi-spirt-d746e8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">2-фенилэтиловый спирт</a> с запахом <a href="/c/roza-5a4c73" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">розы</a>). К концу 20 в. разработаны методы синтеза не только большинства душистых веществ, получаемых ранее из природного сырья (например, <a href="/c/mentol-8432db" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ментола</a> с запахом перечной мяты, <a href="/c/tsitral-bf26bc" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">цитраля</a> с запахом <a href="/c/limon-4dbaef" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">лимона</a>), но и душистых веществ, не найденных в природе (<a href="/c/folion-2dfd38" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">фолиона</a> с запахом листьев <a href="/c/fialka-83545d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">фиалки</a>, <a href="/c/zhasminal-degid-32ee63" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">жасминальдегида</a> с запахом <a href="/c/zhasmin-f30d52" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">жасмина</a>, <a href="/c/tsikloatsetat-abc672" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">циклоацетата</a> с цветочным запахом и др.). Создание синтетических душистых веществ позволяет удовлетворять возрастающие потребности в этих продуктах, расширять их ассортимент, сохранять растения и животных (известно, например, что для получения 1 кг <a href="/c/rozovoe-maslo-00d08b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">розового масла</a> необходимо переработать до 3 т лепестков розы, а для выработки 1 кг <a href="/c/muskus-26dc81" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">мускуса</a> уничтожить около 30 тыс. самцов <a href="/c/kabarga-d89e7c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">кабарги</a>).</p><p>Самая обширная группа душистых веществ – <a href="/c/slozhnye-efiry-3431dc" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">сложные эфиры</a>; многие душистые вещества относятся к <a href="/c/al-degidy-cc9721" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">альдегидам</a>, <a href="/c/ketony-9abc48" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">кетонам</a>, <a href="/c/spirty-3641f0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">спиртам</a> и некоторым другим классам органических соединений. Эфиры низших жирных кислот и насыщенных <a href="/c/alifaticheskie-soedineniia-69bfff" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">алифатических</a> одноатомных спиртов обладают фруктовым запахом (т. н. фруктовые эссенции, например <a href="/c/izoamilatsetat-661703" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">изоамилацетат</a> с запахом груши), эфиры жирных кислот и ароматических или <a href="/c/terpenovye-spirty-c0fd00" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">терпеновых спиртов</a> – цветочным (например, <a href="/c/benzilatsetat-7ce0f0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">бензилацетат</a> с запахом жасмина, линалилацетат с запахом <a href="/c/bergamot-89e4cd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">бергамота</a>), эфиры <a href="/c/benzoinaia-kislota-015ef7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">бензойной</a>, <a href="/c/salitsilovaia-kislota-1324a5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">салициловой</a> и других ароматических кислот – главным образом сладким бальзамическим запахом (их часто применяют также в качестве фиксаторов запаха – <a href="/c/sorbenty-35f523" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">сорбентов</a> душистых веществ; для этой же цели используют <a href="/c/ambra-a49f17" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">амбру</a>, мускус). К ценным душистым веществам среди альдегидов относятся, например, <a href="/c/anisovyi-al-degid-991917" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">анисовый альдегид</a> с запахом цветов боярышника, <a href="/c/geliotropin-e4e501" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">гелиотропин</a> с запахом <a href="/c/geliotrop-39d842" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">гелиотропа</a>, <a href="/c/korichnyi-al-degid-0d810d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">коричный альдегид</a> с запахом корицы, <a href="/c/mirtsenal-462d51" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">мирценаль</a> с цветочным запахом. <span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="25%" data-display="left"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Макроциклический кетон"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Макроциклический кетон."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Архив БРЭ"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=BNTtdP5lCWWRJC9Rc_tBEw&filename=vault/66f3ce155f3abae35cdc65aed0c7a584.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Макроциклический кетон" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=BNTtdP5lCWWRJC9Rc_tBEw&filename=vault/66f3ce155f3abae35cdc65aed0c7a584.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=adQ-74q6sAiM3MfFs7L3gA&filename=vault/66f3ce155f3abae35cdc65aed0c7a584.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=959xNSa6wkvW1qaZv3H-Yg&filename=vault/66f3ce155f3abae35cdc65aed0c7a584.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=o2Prg8pKEhi-xk7Lc8BQZQ&filename=vault/66f3ce155f3abae35cdc65aed0c7a584.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=jrIz5S8OD6jyWROfo8AzLw&filename=vault/66f3ce155f3abae35cdc65aed0c7a584.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=e1AhUwcboVuCZteHqgyDBQ&filename=vault/66f3ce155f3abae35cdc65aed0c7a584.webp&width=1024 1024w" title="Макроциклический кетон" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Макроциклический кетон.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Макроциклический кетон.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>Из кетонов наиболее важны <a href="/c/zhasmon-1191d5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">жасмон</a> с запахом жасмина, <a href="/c/ionony-46b9f7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">иононы</a> с запахом фиалки; из спиртов – <a href="/c/geraniol-a3e2eb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">гераниол</a> с запахом розы, <a href="/c/linalool-417da3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">линалоол</a> с запахом <a href="/c/landysh-8de3ff" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ландыша</a>, <a href="/c/terpineoly-2be8a2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">терпинеол</a> с запахом <a href="/c/siren-2be465" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">сирени</a>, <a href="/c/evgenol-531159" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">эвгенол</a> с запахом <a href="/c/gvozdika-0ca9a9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">гвоздики</a>; из <a href="/c/laktony-73ef91" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">лактонов</a> – <a href="/c/kumarin-aba67f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">кумарин</a> с запахом свежего сена; из <a href="/c/terpeny-87be56" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">терпенов</a> – <a href="/c/limonen-55073a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">лимонен</a> с запахом лимона.</p><p>Связь между запахом вещества и его химическим строением изучена недостаточно для предсказания запаха по формуле вещества, тем не менее для отдельных групп соединений выявлены частные закономерности. Так, наличие в молекуле нескольких одинаковых (для соединений алифатического ряда также и разных) функциональных групп приводит обычно к ослаблению запаха или даже к полному его исчезновению (например, при переходе от одноатомных спиртов к многоатомным). <span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="25%" data-display="right"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Общая структурная формула вещества I"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Общая структурная формула вещества I."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Архив БРЭ"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=mxGfKtev9vbNcFrgrEh8fw&filename=vault/104782b360f57157ad9456a9eaed07ca.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Общая структурная формула вещества I" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=mxGfKtev9vbNcFrgrEh8fw&filename=vault/104782b360f57157ad9456a9eaed07ca.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=2e-xfzltA-OuWl61KF6lTQ&filename=vault/104782b360f57157ad9456a9eaed07ca.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=sz22at7UYZKWk9qy_rONWQ&filename=vault/104782b360f57157ad9456a9eaed07ca.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=WyShUXTSmh9OL6vmN1Ekxg&filename=vault/104782b360f57157ad9456a9eaed07ca.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=KKeTjXjrrzu6okfSaD1qRg&filename=vault/104782b360f57157ad9456a9eaed07ca.webp&width=768 768w" title="Общая структурная формула вещества I" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Общая структурная формула вещества I.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Общая структурная формула вещества I.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>Запах альдегидов с разветвлённой цепью обычно более сильный и приятный, чем у их неразветвлённых <a href="/c/izomeriia-27922f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">изомеров</a>. Алифатические соединения, содержащие более 17–18 атомов <a href="/c/uglerod-dc7cd3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">углерода</a>, лишены запаха. На примере макроциклических кетонов показано, что их запах зависит от числа атомов углерода в цикле: при n = 5–7 кетоны имеют камфорный запах, при n = 8 – кедровый, n = 9–13 – мускусный (при этом замещение одной или двух СН<sub>2</sub>-групп на атом О, N или S не влияет на запах), при дальнейшем увеличении числа атомов С запах постепенно исчезает.</p><p><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="25%" data-display="left"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Структурная формула вещества II"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Структурная формула вещества II."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Архив БРЭ"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pG-ayG01-vaC3Fr7brHBLg&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Структурная формула вещества II" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pG-ayG01-vaC3Fr7brHBLg&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=1PE-5j5Z7W-jTYsEvgL5Dg&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=bb1xoiKNCIRjlMy2hfKT0A&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=MyLVxU49u8HUXggoWVoUMA&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=eOONFtn_xoGsplIb6DLqfQ&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=CGcgt9E9HY8yPooAV4xgWw&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=1024 1024w" title="Структурная формула вещества II" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Структурная формула вещества II.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Структурная формула вещества II.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>Сходство строения веществ не всегда обусловливает сходство их запахов. Так, вещество формулы I (R – Н) обладает запахом амбры, вещество II – сильным фруктовым запахом, а аналог I, в котором R – СН<sub>3</sub>, лишён запаха.</p><p>Различаются по запаху <i>цис-</i> и <i>транс-</i> изомеры некоторых соединений, например <a href="/c/anetol-c83335" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">анетола</a> (<i>транс</i>-изомер обладает запахом <a href="/c/anis-185ef9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">аниса</a>, <i>цис</i>-изомер имеет неприятный запах), 3-гексен-1-ола C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CH=CHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (<i>цис</i>-изомер обладает запахом свежей зелени, <i>транс</i>-изомер – хризантемы); в отличие от ванилина, изованилин почти не имеет запаха.</p><p>С другой стороны, вещества, различающиеся по химическому строению, могут иметь сходный запах. Например, запах розы характерен для розатона С<sub>6</sub>Н<sub>5</sub>СН(ССl<sub>3</sub>)ОСОСН<sub>3</sub>, 3-метил-1-фенил-3-пентанола С<sub>6</sub>Н<sub>5</sub>СН<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>С(СН<sub>3</sub>)(С<sub>2</sub>Н<sub>5</sub>)ОН, гераниола и его <i>цис-</i>изомера – нерола, розеноксида.</p><p><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="25%" data-display="right"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Изованилин"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Изованилин."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Архив БРЭ"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=NCD3NOtiGdfSJjSNO9FpCg&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Изованилин" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=NCD3NOtiGdfSJjSNO9FpCg&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=tSQ0Q2mr3PHpuSx_3de48w&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=tcWX77elZnGqCLSpBS9Kbg&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=G4PglvES-JEnE2Dt3SkNyA&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pOkNd6sqyHKBwOpL41PbFw&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=TU3ph_H9P0OehhwUWqUi4Q&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=1024 1024w" title="Изованилин" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Изованилин.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Изованилин.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>На запах влияет степень разбавления душистых веществ. Так, некоторые чистые вещества имеют неприятный запах (например, широко используемый в парфюмерии цибет с фекально-мускусным запахом). Смешивание различных душистых веществ в определённых соотношениях может приводить как к появлению нового запаха, так и к исчезновению запаха.</p><p>Целесообразность применения того или иного душистого вещества определяется не только запахом, но и другими его свойствами – химической инертностью, <a href="/c/letuchest-9b07d5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">летучестью</a>, <a href="/c/rastvorimost-742b41" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">растворимостью</a>, <a href="/c/toksichnost-d9c905" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">токсичностью</a>; важное значение имеет наличие технологически удобных и экономичных методов получения. <span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="25%" data-display="left"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Розеноксид"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Розеноксид."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Архив БРЭ"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=7mtSegX5L2IJJZh4qqJUsQ&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Розеноксид" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=7mtSegX5L2IJJZh4qqJUsQ&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=mg8Cx5ze7TSO3mz3hF1QVg&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ic8dP5DY9DaqyBIaUYvYMw&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=iD1LdakNS31ljCRqidPuhQ&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=4STB1gP5nuu_2RLGS63WrA&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=PXbSnv7xK7bwbSKyKybe6g&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=1024 1024w" title="Розеноксид" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Розеноксид.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Розеноксид.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>Душистые вещества используют в составе парфюмерных композиций, получаемых смешиванием в определённых пропорциях различных душистых веществ, а также в составе отдушек для ароматизации косметических товаров и товаров бытовой химии, в качестве ароматизаторов в пищевых продуктах. Сложные парфюмерные композиции содержат обычно несколько десятков индивидуальных душистых веществ и различных эфирных масел (например, композиция для духов <a href="/c/krasnaia-moskva-4c7c3d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">«Красная Москва»</a> включает около 80 душистых веществ и более 20 природных смесей). Современное производство душистых веществ базируется главным образом на химическом и лесохимическом сырье; некоторые душистые вещества получают из эфирных масел. Объём мирового производства душистых веществ около 110 тыс. т/год (свыше 800 наименований) (2007); в СССР производили около 6 тыс. т/год (более 150 наименований) (2007); в России производство душистых веществ практически прекращено.</p><span class="author _note-exclude"><span itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" class="-text-caption-2-italic"><a href="/a/la-kheyfits-ee91a3" class=""><span itemprop="name">Хейфиц Лев Абрамович</span></a><span>. </span></span>Первая публикация: Большая российская энциклопедия, 2007.</span></section></section></div><span class="bre-inline-menu _article-meta" style=""><meta itemprop="description" content="Души́стые вещества́, природные и синтетические органические соединения с характерным запахом, применяемые в производстве парфюмерных и косметических..."><span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block">Опубликовано <span itemprop="datePublished">16 января 2023 г. в 10:28 (GMT+3). </span></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block"> Последнее обновление <span itemprop="dateModified">17 июля 2023 г. в 17:33 (GMT+3).</span></span></span><span class="-flex-divider"></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item tw-items-start"><button type="button" class="b-button tw-gap-2 b-button--link -text-button-text tw-rounded-lg tw-cursor-pointer" data-v-cfbedafc><span class="c-button__content" data-v-cfbedafc>Связаться с редакцией</span></button></span></span></div></div><div class="bre-tags-wrap"><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/terminy-v-khimii-3c49ba" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Термины в химии</a></span></div></div><aside class="bre-article-page__sidebar -show-on-desktop-s" style=""><div class="bre-article-page__sidebar-wrapper _loc"><div class="article-sidebar"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"></div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Эфирное масло"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Эфирное масло."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Sandra Birgersdotter / Alamy / legion-media.ru"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ZrhtZ2yUkC15468GGm9MNQ&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Эфирное масло" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ZrhtZ2yUkC15468GGm9MNQ&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Ky5EeAuKFxcWIrqrqDJ1hA&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kStc4fLkuszlGiOZtprfLg&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=gjqkmnd85H09nNea4G4BEw&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=wYLLyxtIJUsGsRby3XPHLQ&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=V8hjnmNgtccCcETgZUwOFA&filename=vault/e742acac9d98564b2ff0fd73a69b426f.webp&width=1024 1024w" title="Эфирное масло" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Душистые вещества и полупродукты парфюмерно-косметического производства</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></aside></div></article></div></div><div></div></main><footer class="bre-footer" itemscope itemprop="hasPart" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter"><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="&copy;&nbsp;АНО БРЭ, 2022&nbsp;&mdash;&nbsp;2024. 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На примере макроциклических кетонов показано, что их запах зависит от числа атомов углерода в цикле: при n = 5–7 кетоны имеют камфорный запах, при n = 8 – кедровый, n = 9–13 – мускусный (при этом замещение одной или двух СН",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":620,"text":57,"type":48},[621],{"attrs":622,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},"sub",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":625,"type":48},"-групп на атом О, N или S не влияет на запах), при дальнейшем увеличении числа атомов С запах постепенно исчезает.",{"attrs":627,"content":628,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":257},{"textAlign":10},[629,639,641,646],{"attrs":630,"content":10,"marks":636,"text":13,"type":454},{"alt":13,"caption":631,"copyright":441,"copyrightLink":13,"display":442,"ref_id":632,"src":633,"srcset":634,"storage_link":13,"text":631,"title":635,"ts_expire":447,"width":448},"Структурная формула вещества II.","be8ccf29-2dbe-4052-9840-0b424a583f4e","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pG-ayG01-vaC3Fr7brHBLg&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pG-ayG01-vaC3Fr7brHBLg&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=1PE-5j5Z7W-jTYsEvgL5Dg&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=bb1xoiKNCIRjlMy2hfKT0A&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=MyLVxU49u8HUXggoWVoUMA&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=eOONFtn_xoGsplIb6DLqfQ&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=CGcgt9E9HY8yPooAV4xgWw&filename=vault/004f62c713f2ae101ebc78a28dff051f.webp&width=1024 1024w","Структурная формула вещества II",[637],{"attrs":638,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":453},{"caption":631,"display":442,"style":452,"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":640,"type":48},"Сходство строения веществ не всегда обусловливает сходство их запахов. 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Например, запах розы характерен для розатона С",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":743,"text":746,"type":48},[744],{"attrs":745,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},"6",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":748,"type":48},"Н",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":750,"text":710,"type":48},[751],{"attrs":752,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":754,"type":48},"СН(ССl",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":756,"text":645,"type":48},[757],{"attrs":758,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":760,"type":48},")ОСОСН",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":762,"text":645,"type":48},[763],{"attrs":764,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":766,"type":48},", 3-метил-1-фенил-3-пентанола С",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":768,"text":746,"type":48},[769],{"attrs":770,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":748,"type":48},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":773,"text":710,"type":48},[774],{"attrs":775,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":777,"type":48},"СН",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":779,"text":57,"type":48},[780],{"attrs":781,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":718,"type":48},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":784,"text":57,"type":48},[785],{"attrs":786,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":788,"type":48},"С(СН",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":790,"text":645,"type":48},[791],{"attrs":792,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":794,"type":48},")(С",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":796,"text":57,"type":48},[797],{"attrs":798,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":748,"type":48},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":801,"text":710,"type":48},[802],{"attrs":803,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":623},{"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":805,"type":48},")ОН, гераниола и его ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":807,"text":658,"type":48},[808],{"attrs":809,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":657},{"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":811,"type":48},"изомера – нерола, розеноксида.",{"attrs":813,"content":814,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":257},{"textAlign":10},[815,825],{"attrs":816,"content":10,"marks":822,"text":13,"type":454},{"alt":13,"caption":817,"copyright":441,"copyrightLink":13,"display":589,"ref_id":818,"src":819,"srcset":820,"storage_link":13,"text":817,"title":821,"ts_expire":447,"width":448},"Изованилин.","97824522-7787-4df1-b311-46c4c58988d0","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=NCD3NOtiGdfSJjSNO9FpCg&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=NCD3NOtiGdfSJjSNO9FpCg&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=tSQ0Q2mr3PHpuSx_3de48w&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=tcWX77elZnGqCLSpBS9Kbg&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=G4PglvES-JEnE2Dt3SkNyA&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pOkNd6sqyHKBwOpL41PbFw&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=TU3ph_H9P0OehhwUWqUi4Q&filename=vault/9fc61e05234d5bf6f2dc60e9e7700c59.webp&width=1024 1024w","Изованилин",[823],{"attrs":824,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":453},{"caption":817,"display":589,"style":452,"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":826,"type":48},"На запах влияет степень разбавления душистых веществ. Так, некоторые чистые вещества имеют неприятный запах (например, широко используемый в парфюмерии цибет с фекально-мускусным запахом). Смешивание различных душистых веществ в определённых соотношениях может приводить как к появлению нового запаха, так и к исчезновению запаха.",{"attrs":828,"content":829,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":257},{"textAlign":10},[830,832,841,842,850,851,859,861,871,873,881],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":831,"type":48},"Целесообразность применения того или иного душистого вещества определяется не только запахом, но и другими его свойствами – химической инертностью, ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":833,"text":840,"type":48},[834],{"attrs":835,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":62},{"content_id":836,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":56,"kind_id":240,"link":837,"link_type":839,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"9b07d515-631d-4492-9816-70db3117bdc7",{"slug":838,"type":60},"letuchest-9b07d5","107","летучестью",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":96,"type":48},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":843,"text":849,"type":48},[844],{"attrs":845,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":62},{"content_id":846,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":56,"kind_id":57,"link":847,"link_type":839,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"742b4127-9da2-4029-b50f-0dd61f9a719e",{"slug":848,"type":60},"rastvorimost-742b41","растворимостью",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":96,"type":48},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":852,"text":858,"type":48},[853],{"attrs":854,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":62},{"content_id":855,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":56,"kind_id":57,"link":856,"link_type":839,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"d9c90524-27fd-49b7-8771-93b8677f0322",{"slug":857,"type":60},"toksichnost-d9c905","токсичностью",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":860,"type":48},"; важное значение имеет наличие технологически удобных и экономичных методов получения. ",{"attrs":862,"content":10,"marks":868,"text":13,"type":454},{"alt":13,"caption":863,"copyright":441,"copyrightLink":13,"display":442,"ref_id":864,"src":865,"srcset":866,"storage_link":13,"text":863,"title":867,"ts_expire":447,"width":448},"Розеноксид.","f563aeed-fc37-4f06-a8d9-6bb5ee85062a","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=7mtSegX5L2IJJZh4qqJUsQ&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=7mtSegX5L2IJJZh4qqJUsQ&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=mg8Cx5ze7TSO3mz3hF1QVg&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ic8dP5DY9DaqyBIaUYvYMw&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=iD1LdakNS31ljCRqidPuhQ&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=4STB1gP5nuu_2RLGS63WrA&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=PXbSnv7xK7bwbSKyKybe6g&filename=vault/76d2c63cca313181629b6b0deeeee1df.webp&width=1024 1024w","Розеноксид",[869],{"attrs":870,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":453},{"caption":863,"display":442,"style":452,"version":45},{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":872,"type":48},"Душистые вещества используют в составе парфюмерных композиций, получаемых смешиванием в определённых пропорциях различных душистых веществ, а также в составе отдушек для ароматизации косметических товаров и товаров бытовой химии, в качестве ароматизаторов в пищевых продуктах. Сложные парфюмерные композиции содержат обычно несколько десятков индивидуальных душистых веществ и различных эфирных масел (например, композиция для духов ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":874,"text":880,"type":48},[875],{"attrs":876,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":62},{"content_id":877,"external":12,"graph_link":6,"href":56,"kind_id":240,"link":878,"link_type":253,"navigation_value":10,"target":13,"version":45},"4c7c3db2-c499-44bf-b151-3ef364b19b25",{"slug":879,"type":60},"krasnaia-moskva-4c7c3d","«Красная Москва»",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":882,"type":48}," включает около 80 душистых веществ и более 20 природных смесей). Современное производство душистых веществ базируется главным образом на химическом и лесохимическом сырье; некоторые душистые вещества получают из эфирных масел. Объём мирового производства душистых веществ около 110 тыс. т/год (свыше 800 наименований) (2007); в СССР производили около 6 тыс. т/год (более 150 наименований) (2007); в России производство душистых веществ практически прекращено.",{"attrs":884,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":893},{"list":885},[886,890],{"slug":887,"type":888,"value":889},"la-kheyfits-ee91a3","portal_author","Хейфиц Лев Абрамович",{"slug":13,"type":891,"value":892},"comments_to_the_author_signature","Первая публикация: Большая российская энциклопедия, 2007.","author","doc","Хейфиц Л. А. 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