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href="#Zaman_Soviet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Zaman Soviet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Soviet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kemerdekaan_dan_zaman_moden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemerdekaan_dan_zaman_moden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kemerdekaan dan zaman moden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemerdekaan_dan_zaman_moden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Demografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Agama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bahasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Isi Kandungan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 276 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-276" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">276 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Къазахъстэн – Kabardia" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къазахъстэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Altai Selatan" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Altai Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%9B%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ካዛክስታን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካዛክስታን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकिस्तान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कजाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casahstan" title="Casahstan – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Casahstan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9E%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҟазахсҭан – Abkhazia" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҟазахсҭан" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A1n" title="Cazaquistán – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cazaquistán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%99%DC%A9%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܩܙܩܣܛܐܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܙܩܣܛܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ղազախիստան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ղազախիստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখাস্তান – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাজাখাস্তান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A1n" title="Kazakstán – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kazakstán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahit%C3%A3" title="Kasahitã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kasahitã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хъазахъистан – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хъазахъистан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasaq_suyu" title="Qasaq suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qasaq suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax%C4%B1stan" title="Qazaxıstan – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qazaxıstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازاخیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قازاخیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখস্তান – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাজাখস্তান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡаҙағстан – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡаҙағстан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकिस्तान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कजाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahistan" title="Kasahistan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kasahistan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%9F%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀཟ་ཀ་སྟན། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀཟ་ཀ་སྟན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%9B%E1%A8%88" title="ᨀᨔᨔᨛᨈ – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨀᨔᨔᨛᨈ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khasakstan" title="Khasakstan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Khasakstan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachst%C3%A1n" title="Kazachstán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kazachstán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazajist%C3%A1n" title="Kazajistán – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Kazajistán" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhistani" title="Kazakhistani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kazakhistani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacchistanu" title="Cazacchistanu – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cazacchistanu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachstan" title="Casachstan – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Casachstan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%92%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ކަޒަކިސްތާން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކަޒަކިސްތާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bil%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81%CA%BC_%C5%83deiltihii_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bilį́į́ʼ Ńdeiltihii Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bilį́į́ʼ Ńdeiltihii Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Sorbian Rendah" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahstan" title="Kasahstan – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kasahstan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Καζακστάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καζακστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Казахстан Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Казахстан Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazajist%C3%A1n" title="Kazajistán – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kazajistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza%C4%A5io" title="Kazaĥio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kazaĥio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazast%C3%A1n" title="Cazastán – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cazastán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazachie" title="Cazachie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cazachie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chasacst%C3%A1in" title="An Chasacstáin – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chasacstáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chassaghstaan" title="Yn Chassaghstaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chassaghstaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakisitana" title="Kasakisitana – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kasakisitana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachst%C3%A0n" title="Casachstàn – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Casachstàn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhst%C3%A1n" title="Kazakhstán – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kazakhstán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="ГӀазакхстане – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ГӀазакхстане" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="કઝાકિસ્તાન – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કઝાકિસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कझाकस्तान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कझाकस्तान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="카자흐스탄 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카자흐스탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakana" title="Kasakana – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kasakana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ղազախստան – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղազախստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कज़ाख़िस्तान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कज़ाख़िस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Sorbian Atas" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Atas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখস্তান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কাজাখস্তান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaqstan" title="Qazaqstan – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Qazaqstan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%B2%E1%93%B4%E1%92%83%E1%96%A2%E1%93%87_%E1%93%84%E1%93%87" title="ᑲᓴᒃᖢᓇ ᓄᓇ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑲᓴᒃᖢᓇ ᓄᓇ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хъазахстан – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъазахстан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%96%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="קזחסטן – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קזחסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakisitan%C9%A9" title="Kazakisitanɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kazakisitanɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ಥಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ಥಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazastan" title="Kazastan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kazastan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазакъстан – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къазакъстан" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ყაზახეთი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყაზახეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Қазақстан – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қазақстан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Kazagh" title="Pow Kazagh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Kazagh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakisitani" title="Kazakisitani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kazakisitani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакстан – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Казакстан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaxistan" title="Qazaxistan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qazaxistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachstan" title="Casachstan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Casachstan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазахсттан – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Къазахсттан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຄາຊັກສະຖານ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຄາຊັກສະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstania" title="Kazachstania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kazachstania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaheja" title="Kazaheja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kazaheja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahst%C4%81na" title="Kazahstāna – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kazahstāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakisitani" title="Kasakisitani – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kasakisitani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазакъстан – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Къазакъстан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstanas" title="Kazachstanas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kazachstanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A1ni" title="Kazakstáni – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kazakstáni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kazaksTAN" title="kazaksTAN – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kazaksTAN" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahszt%C3%A1n" title="Kazahsztán – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kazahsztán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A0na" title="Kazakstàna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kazakstàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="കസാഖ്സ്ഥാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കസാഖ്സ്ഥാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%BCakistan" title="Każakistan – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Każakistan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katat%C4%81nga" title="Katatānga – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Katatānga" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कझाकस्तान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कझाकस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ყაზახეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყაზახეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="قزاقستون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="قزاقستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯓꯥꯈꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯓꯥꯈꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquiston" title="Cazaquiston – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cazaquiston" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%87%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ကာဇက်စတန်နိုင်ငံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဇက်စတန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Saxon Rendah" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Saxon Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B6%E3%83%95%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="カザフスタン – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カザフスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кхазакхстан – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кхазакхстан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstaan" title="Kasachstaan – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kasachstaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="କାଜାଖସ୍ତାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଜାଖସ୍ତାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaazaakistaan" title="Kaazaakistaan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaazaakistaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qozog%CA%BBiston" title="Qozogʻiston – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qozogʻiston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕ਼ਜ਼ਾਕ਼ਿਸਤਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕ਼ਜ਼ਾਕ਼ਿਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकस्थान – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="कजाकस्थान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaxtan" title="Kazaxtan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kazaxtan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="កាហ្សាក់ស្ថាន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាហ្សាក់ស្ថាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%B8%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵႃႇၸၢၵ်ႈသတၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵႃႇၸၢၵ်ႈသတၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Καζακστάν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Καζακστάν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A3o" title="Cazaquistão – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cazaquistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaqstan" title="Qazaqstan – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qazaqstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazahistan" title="Qazahistan – Turki Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qazahistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Turki Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasaqsuyu" title="Qasaqsuyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qasaqsuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстаан – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Казахстаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="कजाखस्थानम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कजाखस्थानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachist%C3%A0n" title="Kazachistàn – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kazachistàn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistani" title="Kazakistani – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kazakistani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="කසක්ස්තානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කසක්ස්තානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhazakhi" title="IKhazakhi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IKhazakhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%EA%99%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Каꙁахстанъ – Slavik Gereja" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Каꙁахстанъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Slavik Gereja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachst%C5%AFn" title="Kazachstůn – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kazachstůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کازاخستان – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کازاخستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakistan" title="Kasakistan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kasakistan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கசக்கஸ்தான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கசக்கஸ்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaxestan" title="Kazaxestan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kazaxestan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакъстан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Казакъстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కజకస్తాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కజకస్తాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistaun" title="Kazakistaun – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Kazakistaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศคาซัคสถาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศคาซัคสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Қазоқистон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қазоқистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%8E%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%95%E1%8F%82" title="ᎧᏎᎧᏍᏕᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎧᏎᎧᏍᏕᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ತಾನ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ತಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazagystan" title="Gazagystan – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gazagystan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازاقىستان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قازاقىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaz%C3%A0kistan" title="Kazàkistan – Venetia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Kazàkistan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasak%C3%A4n" title="Kasakän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kasakän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasastan" title="Kasastan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kasastan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaxhistan" title="Cazaxhistan – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cazaxhistan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈薩克斯坦 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="哈薩克斯坦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahistan" title="Kasahistan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kasahistan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakistaan" title="Kasakistaan – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kasakistaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈萨克斯坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="קאזאכסטאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאזאכסטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0s%C3%A0kst%C3%A1n" title="Kàsàkstán – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kàsàkstán" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B" title="哈薩克 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哈薩克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax%C4%B1stan" title="Qazaxıstan – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qazaxıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstans" title="Kazakstans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kazakstans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈萨克斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazaxyston" title="Gazaxyston – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Gazaxyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Kazakhstan" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Kazakhstan" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Kazakhstan" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&oldid=6380125" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Kazakhstan&id=6380125&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKazakhstan"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKazakhstan"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kazakhstan"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kazakhstan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6373584">.mw-parser-output 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.script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}</style><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ريڤوبليک قازاقستان</span>‎</span></span></div><div class="ib-country-names">Қазақстан Республикасы<br /><i>Qazaqstan Respublikasy</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><table class="maptable" style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:{{{width1}}};text-align:center;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Kazakhstan"><img alt="Bendera Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div><div></div></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:auto;text-align:center;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jata Kazakhstan"><img alt="Jata Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Kazakhstan" title="Bendera Kazakhstan">Bendera</a></td> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Jata_Kazakhstan" title="Jata Kazakhstan"> Jata</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>: </b><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan_Kazakhstan" title="Lagu kebangsaan Kazakhstan">Meniñ Qazaqstanım</a><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="110" data-mwtitle="Kazakhstan_2006.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Kazakhstan_2006.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Kazakhstan_2006.ogg/Kazakhstan_2006.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=kk-kz&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kk-KZ" label="қазақша (Қазақстан) ‪(kk-kz)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=kk-latn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kk-Latn" label="qazaqşa (latın) ‪(kk-latn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=kk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kk" label="қазақша ‪(kk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=sr-ec&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr-Cyrl" label="српски (ћирилица) ‪(sr-ec)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_2006.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Kazakhstan_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_negara" title="Ibu negara">Ibu negara</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Nursultan (Astana)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bandar terbesar</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_rasmi" title="Bahasa rasmi">Bahasa rasmi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kazakh" title="Bahasa Kazakh">Bahasa Kazakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">Bahasa Rusia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kerajaan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">Republik</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Kazakhstan" title="Presiden Kazakhstan">Presiden</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a> (Қасым-Жомарт Тоқаев)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Kazakhstan" title="Perdana Menteri Kazakhstan">Perdana Menteri</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oljas_Bektenov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oljas Bektenov (laman tidak wujud)">Oljas Bektenov</a> (Олжас Бектенов)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Keluasan</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,724,900 km<sup>2</sup> (1,052,100 bt<sup>2</sup>) (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_keluasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut keluasan">ke-9</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Perairan_wilayah" title="Perairan wilayah">Perairan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peratusan" title="Peratusan">%</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.7</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Populasi</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Perkiraan 2020</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span> 18,711,200 orang<sup id="cite_ref-Негізгі_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Негізгі-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anggaran_penduduk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anggaran penduduk (laman tidak wujud)">ke-64</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7/km<sup>2</sup> (18.1/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/Kepadatan_penduduk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan penduduk">ke-236</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keluaran_dalam_negara_kasar" title="Keluaran dalam negara kasar">KDNK</a> <span class="ib-country-lang">(<a href="/wiki/Pariti_kuasa_beli" title="Pariti kuasa beli">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2020</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span> $569.813 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(PPP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (PPP)">ke-41</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span> $30,178<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(PPP)_per_kapita" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (PPP) per kapita">ke-53</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keluaran_dalam_negara_kasar" title="Keluaran dalam negara kasar">KDNK</a> <span class="ib-country-lang">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2020</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">•  Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span> $179.332 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(ukuran_dasar)" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (ukuran dasar)">ke-55</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span> $9,686<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(nominal)_per_kapita" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (nominal) per kapita">ke-69</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pekali_Gini" title="Pekali Gini">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2015)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/20px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/40px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 26.9<sup id="cite_ref-WB1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:forestgreen">rendah</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">HDI</a> <span class="ib-country-lang">(2017)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span> 0.800<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgreen">sangat tinggi</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Senarai negara mengikut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">ke-58</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mata_wang" title="Mata wang">Mata wang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tenge" title="Tenge">Tenge</a> <br />(<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">KZT</a></code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zon_waktu" title="Zon waktu">Zon waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data">()</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Musim panas (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Musim_Panas" class="mw-redirect" title="Waktu Musim Panas">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>tiada</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kod panggilan</th><td class="infobox-data">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Kod ISO 3166</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:KZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:KZ (laman tidak wujud)">KZ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Domain_peringkat_tinggi_kod_negara" title="Domain peringkat tinggi kod negara">DPT internet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.kz" title=".kz">.kz</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kazakhstan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kazakh" title="Bahasa Kazakh">Bahasa Kazakh</a>: <span title="language text-Kazakh"><span lang="kk">Қазақстан</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Transliterasi" title="Transliterasi">tr.</a></small> <i>Qazaqstan</i>, juga dalam tulisan Arab: <span lang="kk" dir="rtl" style="white-space: nowrap;">قازاقستان</span>‎ <small>disebut</small> <span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Kk-kazakhstan.ogg" class="internal" title="Kk-kazakhstan.ogg">[qɑzɑqˈstɑn]</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bantuan_audio" title="Wikipedia:Bantuan audio">bantuan</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fail:Kk-kazakhstan.ogg" title="Fail:Kk-kazakhstan.ogg">info</a>)</small></span>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">Rusia</a>: <span lang="ru">Казахстан</span>, <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perumian_bahasa_Rusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perumian bahasa Rusia (laman tidak wujud)">tr.</a></small> <i>Kazakhstan</i>, <small>IPA: </small><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Rusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:IPA untuk bahasa Rusia (laman tidak wujud)">[kəzɐxˈstan]</a></span><small></small>) atau nama rasminya <b>Republik Kazakhstan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kazakh" title="Bahasa Kazakh">Bahasa Kazakh</a>: <span title="language text-Kazakh"><span lang="kk">Қазақстан Республикасы</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Transliterasi" title="Transliterasi">tr.</a></small> <i>Qazaqstan Respublikasy</i>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">Rusia</a>: <span lang="ru">Республика Казахстан</span>, <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perumian_bahasa_Rusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perumian bahasa Rusia (laman tidak wujud)">tr.</a></small> <i>Respublika Kazakhstan</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_tanpa_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara tanpa laut (laman tidak wujud)">negara tanpa laut</a> terbesar, dan negara <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_keluasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut keluasan">kesembilan terbesar</a> di dunia dengan keluasan 2,724,900 kilometer persegi (1,052,100 bt<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kazakhstan merupakan negara dengan ekonomi terbesar di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a> yang menjana 60% KDNK rantau tersebut terutamanya melalui industri minyak dan gas di samping banyak sumber mineral.<sup id="cite_ref-time_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ada yang mengatakan Kazakhstan sebagai negara Eropah kerana kawasan Barat Kazakhstan berada di benua Eropah dan memenuhi syarat Majlis Eropah untuk kemasukan ke dalam Eropah.<sup id="cite_ref-isdp_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isdp-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kazakhstan secara rasminya merupakan republik unitari sekular demokratik dengan warisan budaya yang pelbagai.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kazakhstan bersempadan dengan <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, dan juga sebahagian besar <a href="/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia">Laut Kaspia</a>. </p><p>Rupa bumi Kazakhstan termasuk tanah pamah, <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">taiga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngarai" title="Ngarai">ngarai batuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukit" title="Bukit">bukit-bukau</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekta_sungai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekta sungai (laman tidak wujud)">delta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunung" title="Gunung">gunung-ganang</a> berlitup salji, dan <a href="/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun">gurun</a>. Kazakhstan mempunuai kira-kira 18 juta orang setakat 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag kemaskini" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit">[kemas kini]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dengan keluasan tanahnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_negara_mengikut_keadatan_penduduk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai negara mengikut keadatan penduduk (laman tidak wujud)">kepadatan penduduknya</a> adalah antara yang terendah iaitu kurang 6 orang per kilometer persegi. Ibu negaranya <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, yang berpindah pada 1997 dari <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>, bandar terbesar negara ini. </p><p>Tanah Kazakhstan dahulu diduduki oleh suku <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomad</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Turkik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Turkik (laman tidak wujud)">Turkik</a> yang keturunan banyak negeri Turkik seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekhaganan_Turkik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekhaganan Turkik (laman tidak wujud)">Kekhaganan Turkik</a> dsb. Pada abad ke-13, tanah tersebut menyertai <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Mongol" title="Empayar Mongol">Empayar Mongol</a> di bawah <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>. Menjelang abad ke-16, bangkitlah <a href="/wiki/Orang_Kazakh" title="Orang Kazakh">orang Kazakh</a> sebagai suku berbeza yang terdiri daripada tiga <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jüz (laman tidak wujud)">jüz</a></i> (cabang leluhur yang menduduki wilauah tertentu). <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Rusia" title="Empayar Rusia">Rusia</a> mula mara ke dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steppe_Kazakh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steppe Kazakh (laman tidak wujud)">steppe Kazakh</a> pada abad ke-18, dan menjelang pertengahan abad ke-19, Rusia menaungi seluruh Kazakhstan dalam empayar. Selepas <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Rusia_1917" title="Revolusi Rusia 1917">Revolusi Rusia 1917</a> diikuti <a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Rusia" title="Perang Saudara Rusia">perang saudara</a>, wilayah Kazakhstan disusun semula banyak kali. Pada 1936, ia dijadikan <a href="/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Soviet_Kazakh" title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Kazakh">Republik Sosialis Soviet Kazakh</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Kesatuan Soviet">Kesatuan Soviet</a>. </p><p>Kazakhstan merupakan republik Soviet terakhir yang mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan ketika <a href="/wiki/Pembubaran_Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Pembubaran Kesatuan Soviet">pembubaran Kesatuan Soviet</a> pada 1991. Semenjak itu, negara dipimpin oleh <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Kazakhstan" title="Presiden Kazakhstan">Presiden</a> <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a> yang disifatkan sebagai autoritarian dengan sejarah penindasan hak asasi manusia.<sup id="cite_ref-time_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kazakhstan telah berusaha untuk membangunkan ekonominya, terutama sekali industri <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon">hidrokarbon</a> yang dominan.<sup id="cite_ref-time_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kazakhstan ada 131 etnik termasuk <a href="/wiki/Orang_Kazakh" title="Orang Kazakh">orang Kazakh</a> (63% penduduk), <a href="/wiki/Orang_Rusia" title="Orang Rusia">orang Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Uzbek" title="Orang Uzbek">orang Uzbek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Ukraine" title="Orang Ukraine">orang Ukraine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Jerman (laman tidak wujud)">orang Jerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Tatar" title="Orang Tatar">orang Tatar</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Uyghur" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Uyghur">orang Uyghur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2009_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2009-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> adalah agama yang dianuti oleh 70% populasi dan <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a> pula 26%.<sup id="cite_ref-2009_Census_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009_Census-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kazakhstan secara rasminya membenarkan <a href="/wiki/Kebebasan_beragama" title="Kebebasan beragama">kebebasan beragama</a>, tetapi menindas tokoh agama yang menentang kerajaan.<sup id="cite_ref-GoncalvesSmith2016_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoncalvesSmith2016-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kazakh" title="Bahasa Kazakh">Bahasa Kazakh</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_kebangsaan" title="Bahasa kebangsaan">bahasa kebangsaan</a> tetapi <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">bahasa Rusia</a> diberi taraf rasmi setara untuk tujuan semua tahap kerajaan dan institusi.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kazakhstan adalah anggota <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu">Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Perdagangan_Dunia" title="Pertubuhan Perdagangan Dunia">WTO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komanwel_Negara-Negara_Merdeka" title="Komanwel Negara-Negara Merdeka">CIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Ekonomi_Eurasia" title="Kesatuan Ekonomi Eurasia">Kesatuan Ekonomi Eurasia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organisation" class="extiw" title="en:Collective Security Treaty Organisation">CSTO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kerjasama_Shanghai" title="Pertubuhan Kerjasama Shanghai">SCO</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kerjasama_Islam" title="Pertubuhan Kerjasama Islam">OIC</a> dan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_of_Turkic_Culture" class="extiw" title="en:International Organization of Turkic Culture">TURKSOY</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Kazakhstan (laman tidak wujud)">Sejarah Kazakhstan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Soviet">Zaman Soviet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman Soviet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman Soviet"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Soviet_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Kazakhstan">Republik Sosialis Soviet Kazakhstan</a></div> <p>Selepas berlakunya <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Oktober" title="Revolusi Oktober">Revolusi Oktober</a> pada 1917, pihak Kazakh menikmati autonomi yang seketika, autonomi Alash sebelum diambil alih oleh pihak <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a>. </p><p>Pada 26 Ogos 1920, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republik_Sosialis_Soviet_Autonomi_Kirghiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Autonomi Kirghiz (laman tidak wujud)">Republik Sosialis Soviet Autonomi Kirghiz</a> (Kirghiz ASSR), di bawah <a href="/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Persekutuan_Soviet_Rusia" title="Republik Sosialis Persekutuan Soviet Rusia">Republik Sosialis Persekutuan Soviet Rusia</a> (RSFSR) ditubuhkan, dengan pusat pemerintahannya di <a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a> yang memiliki penduduk majoriti Rusia. Pada Jun 1925, nama Kirghiz ditukar kepada Kazak dan pusat pemerintahannya ditukar ke bandar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyzylorda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyzylorda (laman tidak wujud)">Kyzylorda</a>, dan seterusnya ke Alma-Ata (<a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>) pada April 1927. </p><p>Pada 5 Disember 1936, Kazak ASSR dipisahkan dariapada RSFSR dan menjadi <a href="/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Soviet_Kazakh" title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Kazakh">Republik Sosialis Soviet Kazakh</a>, sebuah republik persatuan penuh Soviet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kemerdekaan_dan_zaman_moden">Kemerdekaan dan zaman moden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Kemerdekaan dan zaman moden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kemerdekaan dan zaman moden"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada 25 Oktober 1990, Kazakhstan mengisytiharkan kedaulatannya dan mencapai kemerdekaan pada 16 Disember 1991, menjadikan negara ini sebagai republik Soviet terakhir yang mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan. Kesatuan Soviet terbubar hanya sepuluh hari selepas kemerdekaan Kazakhstan. </p><p>Ketua zaman komunis, <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a> menjadi Presiden pertama Kazakhstan. Beliau memerintah Kazakhstan hingga 2019 sebelum meletak jawatan, dan digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tokayev-wins_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tokayev-wins-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografi_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografi Kazakhstan (laman tidak wujud)">Geografi Kazakhstan</a></div> <p>Kazakhstan berkeluasan kira-kira 2.7 juta kilometer persegi, menjadikan negara ini sebagai negara kesembilan terbesar di dunia serta <a href="/wiki/Negara_dikelilingi_daratan" title="Negara dikelilingi daratan">negara dikelilingi daratan</a> terbesar dunia. </p><p>Kazakhstan bersempadan dengan Rusia (6,846 km), Uzbekistan (2,203 km), China (1,533 km), Kyrgyzstan (1,051 km) dan Turkmenistan (379 km). Bandar-bandar utama Kazakhstan termasuklah <a href="/wiki/Nursultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursultan">Nur-Sultan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karagandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karagandy (laman tidak wujud)">Karagandy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shymkent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shymkent (laman tidak wujud)">Shymkent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atyrau" title="Atyrau">Atyrau</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oskemen (laman tidak wujud)">Oskemen</a>. Negara ini secara lazimnya terletak di Asia, tetapi sebahagian negara juga termasuk di dalam kawasan <a href="/wiki/Eropah_Timur" title="Eropah Timur">Eropah Timur</a>, yakni kawasan di barat <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Ural" title="Sungai Ural">Sungai Ural</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Politik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kazakhstan merupakan negara <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a> unitari bercorak berperlembagaan, <a href="/wiki/Sekularisme" title="Sekularisme">sekular</a> dan demokratik. <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Kazakhstan" title="Presiden Kazakhstan">Presiden Kazakhstan</a> berperanan sebagai ketua negara dan memiliki kuasa veto terhadap rang undang-undang yang telah diluluskan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlimen_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlimen Kazakhstan (laman tidak wujud)">Parlimen</a> manakala <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Kazakhstan" title="Perdana Menteri Kazakhstan">Perdana Menteri</a> mengetuai kabinet menteri dan menjadi ketua kerajaan Kazakhstan. Parlimen Kazakhstan terdiri daripada dua buah dewan, iaitu <a href="/wiki/Majilis" title="Majilis">Majilis</a> (dewan bawahan) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senat_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senat Kazakhstan (laman tidak wujud)">Senat</a> (dewan atasan). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ekonomi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Kazakhstan (laman tidak wujud)">Ekonomi Kazakhstan</a></div> <p>Kazakhstan memiliki ekonomi yang paling besar dalam kalangan negara-negara Asia Tengah, kedua-dua daripada segi KDNK nominal ($172.941 bilion) dan per kapita ($508.817 bilion) setakat 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOKZ_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOKZ-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setakat 2017, bidang perkhidmatan merangkumi 61.2% ekonomi Kazakhstan, diikuti dengan industri (34.1%) dan pertanian (4.7%).<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWFKZ_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWFKZ-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahan eksport utama negara ialah minyak, <a href="/wiki/Pokok_Gandum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokok Gandum">gandum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tekstil" title="Tekstil">tekstil</a> dan ternakan. Kazakhstan memiliki simpanan <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> kedua terbesar dunia selepas <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan mengeluarkan 35% jumlah uranium yang dikeluarkan di seluruh dunia,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serta merupakan pengeksport utama uranium.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasil-hasil pertanian utama Kazakhstan ialah <a href="/wiki/Bijirin" title="Bijirin">bijirin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubi_Kentang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubi Kentang">ubi kentang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anggur" title="Anggur">anggur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sayur" title="Sayur">sayuran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tembikai" title="Tembikai">tembikai</a> dan ternakan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Demografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama">Agama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Agama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Agama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Kazakhstan (laman tidak wujud)">Agama di Kazakhstan</a></div> <p>Mengikut bancian 2009, penduduk Muslim merangkumi 70% penduduk Kazakhstan, diikuti dengan 26% penduduk Kristian, 0.2% penganut Buddha, 0.1% penganut agama lain (kebanyakannya Yahudi), 3% tidak beragama dan 0.5% penduduk tidak mendedahkan status keagamaannya.<sup id="cite_ref-2009_Census2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009_Census2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahasa">Bahasa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Bahasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bahasa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_di_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa di Kazakhstan (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa di Kazakhstan</a></div> <p>Kazakhstan secara rasminya ialah negara <a href="/wiki/Dwibahasa" title="Dwibahasa">dwibahasa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kazakh" title="Bahasa Kazakh">Bahasa Kazakh</a> yang menjadi bahasa ibunda bagi 64.4% penduduk Kazakhstan,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> memiliki taraf bahasa "negara", manakala <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">bahasa Rusia</a> yang dituturi oleh kebanyakan rakyat negara dijadikan sebagai bahasa "rasmi",<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan lazim digunakan dalam bidang perniagaan, kerajaan serta perhubungan antara kaum, meskipun peranan ini mula digantikan oleh bahasa Kazakh.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6415981">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Негізгі-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Негізгі_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6405196">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stat.gov.kz">"Негізгі"</a>. <i>stat.gov.kz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530193655/http://stat.gov.kz/">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 30 Mei 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">29 Januari</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2019&rft.pub=Tabung+Kewangan+Antarabangsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2019%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D56%26pr.y%3D6%26sy%3D2017%26ey%3D2024%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D916%26s%3DNGDPD%252CPPPGDP%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WB1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WB1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&series=SI.POV.GINI">"GINI index (World Bank estimate)"</a>. <i>databank.worldbank.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bank_Dunia" title="Bank Dunia">Bank Dunia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">3 Februari</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=databank.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=GINI+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatabank.worldbank.org%2Fdata%2Freports.aspx%3Fsource%3D2%26series%3DSI.POV.GINI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160319110553/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf">"2018 Human Development Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> pada 19 Mac 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2018+Human+Development+Report&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zakon.kz/obshestvo/6425975-kazakhstan-perekhodit-na-edinyy-chasovoy-poyas-chto-nuzhno-znat.html">"Казахстан переходит на единый часовой пояс: что нужно знать"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakon.kz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakon.kz (laman tidak wujud)">zakon.kz</a></i> (dalam bahasa Rusia). 2024-02-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zakon.kz&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81%3A+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zakon.kz%2Fobshestvo%2F6425975-kazakhstan-perekhodit-na-edinyy-chasovoy-poyas-chto-nuzhno-znat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama <code>CIA</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/place/Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan: Introduction</a>. Diteria: 7 Jun 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100314092716/http://stat.kz/">"Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan (ASRK). 2005. Main Demographic Indicators"</a>. Stat.kz. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.kz">yang asal</a> pada 14 Mac 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">1 Jun</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agency+of+Statistics+of+the+Republic+of+Kazakhstan+%28ASRK%29.+2005.+Main+Demographic+Indicators&rft.pub=Stat.kz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.kz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFZarakhovich2006" class="citation news cs1">Zarakhovich, Yuri (27 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1539999,00.html">"Kazakhstan Comes on Strong"</a>. <i>Time</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">13 Disember</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Kazakhstan+Comes+on+Strong&rft.date=2006-09-27&rft.aulast=Zarakhovich&rft.aufirst=Yuri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1539999%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isdp-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isdp_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isdp.eu/publication/kazakhstan-europe-why-not/">"Kazakhstan in Europe: Why Not?"</a>. Institute for Security & Development Policy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kazakhstan+in+Europe%3A+Why+Not%3F&rft.pub=Institute+for+Security+%26+Development+Policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisdp.eu%2Fpublication%2Fkazakhstan-europe-why-not%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlam.kz/en/constitution">"Kazakhstan/Qazaqstan Constitution"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">27 Disember</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kazakhstan%2FQazaqstan+Constitution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlam.kz%2Fen%2Fconstitution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2558103">"Census2010"</a>. Stat.kz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">1 Jun</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census2010&rft.pub=Stat.kz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inform.kz%2Feng%2Farticle%2F2558103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2009-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2009_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5uvOtyVTC?url=http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Documents/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%20%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81.pdf">"Перепись населения Республики Казахстан 2009 года. Краткие итоги. (Census for the Republic of Kazakhstan 2009. Short Summary)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (dalam bahasa Russian). Republic of Kazakhstan Statistical Agency. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Documents/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%20%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81.pdf">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> pada 12 Disember 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">10 Disember</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+2009+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8.+%28Census+for+the+Republic+of+Kazakhstan+2009.+Short+Summary%29&rft.pub=Republic+of+Kazakhstan+Statistical+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.kz%2Fp_perepis%2FDocuments%2F%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%2520%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2009_Census-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2009_Census_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722142449/http://www.eng.stat.kz/news/Pages/n1_12_11_10.aspx%C2%A0">"The results of the national population census in 2009"</a>. Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 12 November 2010. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eng.stat.kz/news/Pages/n1_12_11_10.aspx">yang asal</a> pada 2011-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">21 Januari</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+results+of+the+national+population+census+in+2009&rft.pub=Agency+of+Statistics+of+the+Republic+of+Kazakhstan&rft.date=2010-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eng.stat.kz%2Fnews%2FPages%2Fn1_12_11_10.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoncalvesSmith2016-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GoncalvesSmith2016_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFMarcus_GoncalvesErika_Cornelius_Smith2016" class="citation book cs1">Marcus Goncalves; Erika Cornelius Smith (27 Jun 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=THssDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT210"><i>Eastern European Economies: A Region in Transition</i></a>. Business Expert Press. m/s. 210–. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-63157-400-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-63157-400-9"><bdi>978-1-63157-400-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+European+Economies%3A+A+Region+in+Transition&rft.pages=210-&rft.pub=Business+Expert+Press&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft.isbn=978-1-63157-400-9&rft.au=Marcus+Goncalves&rft.au=Erika+Cornelius+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTHssDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kazakhstan.orexca.com/kazakhstan_constitution.shtml">The constitution of Kazakhstan</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110410155456/http://www.constcouncil.kz/eng/norpb/constrk/">CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN</a>: 1. The state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the Kazakh language. 2. In state institutions and local self-administrative bodies the Russian language shall be officially used on equal grounds along with the Kazakh language.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFAuyezov2019" class="citation web cs1">Auyezov, Olzhas (19 Mac 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2019-03-19/president-of-kazakhstan-nursultan-nazarbayev-resigns">"Kazakhstan's Leader Nazarbayev Resigns After Three Decades in Power"</a>. <i>US News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+News&rft.atitle=Kazakhstan%27s+Leader+Nazarbayev+Resigns+After+Three+Decades+in+Power&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft.aulast=Auyezov&rft.aufirst=Olzhas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Farticles%2F2019-03-19%2Fpresident-of-kazakhstan-nursultan-nazarbayev-resigns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tokayev-wins-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tokayev-wins_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/09/hundreds-arrested-as-kazakhs-protest-against-rigged-election">"Nazarbayev ally wins big in Kazakhstan election after hundreds arrested"</a>. The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 Julai</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nazarbayev+ally+wins+big+in+Kazakhstan+election+after+hundreds+arrested&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fjun%2F09%2Fhundreds-arrested-as-kazakhs-protest-against-rigged-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080601203047/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761566451"><i>Kazakhstan – MSN Encarta</i></a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761566451">yang asal</a> pada 1 Jun 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kazakhstan+%E2%80%93+MSN+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencnet%2Frefpages%2FRefArticle.aspx%3Frefid%3D761566451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEOKZ-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOKZ_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=59&pr.y=11&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=916&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a=">"World Economic Outlook Database, Oktober 2019"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Monetary_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Monetary Fund (laman tidak wujud)">International Monetary Fund</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+Oktober+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2019%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D59%26pr.y%3D11%26sy%3D2017%26ey%3D2021%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D916%26s%3DNGDPD%252CPPPGDP%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPPC%252CPCPIPCH%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAWFKZ-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAWFKZ_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html">"The World Factbook"</a>. <i>CIA.gov</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Intelligence_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Intelligence Agency (laman tidak wujud)">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html">yang asal</a> pada 2018-12-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">12 Mac</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA.gov&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fkz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle/Uranium-Resources/Supply-of-Uranium/#.Uax_LpVXI64">"Uranium Supplies: Supply of Uranium"</a>. <i>world-nuclear.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=world-nuclear.org&rft.atitle=Uranium+Supplies%3A+Supply+of+Uranium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear.org%2Finfo%2FNuclear-Fuel-Cycle%2FUranium-Resources%2FSupply-of-Uranium%2F%23.Uax_LpVXI64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-G-N/Kazakhstan/#.UayAdpVXI65">"Uranium in Kazakhstan - Nuclear Power in Kazakhstan"</a>. <i>world-nuclear.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=world-nuclear.org&rft.atitle=Uranium+in+Kazakhstan+-+Nuclear+Power+in+Kazakhstan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear.org%2Finfo%2FCountry-Profiles%2FCountries-G-N%2FKazakhstan%2F%23.UayAdpVXI65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722142342/http://www.kazatomprom.kz/en/news/2/%E2%84%96_1_in_the_world">"№ 1 in the world"</a>. <i>The Atomic Company Kazatomprom, Kazatomprom.kz</i>. 30 Disember 2009. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kazatomprom.kz/en/news/2/%E2%84%96_1_in_the_world">yang asal</a> pada 22 Julai 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">1 Jun</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atomic+Company+Kazatomprom%2C+Kazatomprom.kz&rft.atitle=%E2%84%96+1+in+the+world&rft.date=2009-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kazatomprom.kz%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2%2F%25E2%2584%2596_1_in_the_world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-G-N/Kazakhstan/">"Uranium and Nuclear Power in Kazakhstan"</a>. world-nuclear.org. 17 Februari 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130326045234/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-G-N/Kazakhstan/">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 26 Mac 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">5 Mac</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uranium+and+Nuclear+Power+in+Kazakhstan&rft.pub=world-nuclear.org&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear.org%2Finfo%2FCountry-Profiles%2FCountries-G-N%2FKazakhstan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2009_Census2-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2009_Census2_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722142449/http://www.eng.stat.kz/news/Pages/n1_12_11_10.aspx">"The results of the national population census in 2009"</a>. Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 12 November 2010. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eng.stat.kz/news/Pages/n1_12_11_10.aspx">yang asal</a> pada 22 Julai 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">21 Januari</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+results+of+the+national+population+census+in+2009&rft.pub=Agency+of+Statistics+of+the+Republic+of+Kazakhstan&rft.date=2010-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eng.stat.kz%2Fnews%2FPages%2Fn1_12_11_10.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Brummell2018" class="citation book cs1">Paul Brummell (7 September 2018). <i>Kazakhstan</i>. Bradt Travel Guides; Third edition. m/s. 22. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-78477-092-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-78477-092-1"><bdi>978-1-78477-092-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kazakhstan&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides%3B+Third+edition&rft.date=2018-09-07&rft.isbn=978-1-78477-092-1&rft.au=Paul+Brummell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studycountry.com/guide/KZ-language.htm">"The Languages spoken in Kazakhstan"</a>. <i>Studycountry</i> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811144650/http://www.studycountry.com/guide/KZ-language.htm">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 11 Ogos 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">11 Ogos</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Studycountry&rft.atitle=The+Languages+spoken+in+Kazakhstan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studycountry.com%2Fguide%2FKZ-language.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kazakhstan-language/lost-in-translation-kazakh-leader-bans-cabinet-from-speaking-russian-idUSKCN1GB1EJ">Lost in translation? Kazakh leader bans cabinet from speaking Russian</a>". Reuters. 27 Februari 2018.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" 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aria-labelledby="30px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kazakhstan&#124;link=Kazakhstan_Wilayah_di_Kazakhstan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6453376">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Wilayah_di_Kazakhstan&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kazakhstan&#124;link=Kazakhstan_Wilayah_di_Kazakhstan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_di_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah di Kazakhstan (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah di</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazakhstan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wilayah</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Akmola" title="Wilayah Akmola">Akmola</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Aktobe" title="Wilayah Aktobe">Aktobe</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Almaty" title="Wilayah Almaty">Almaty</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Atyrau" title="Wilayah Atyrau">Atyrau</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Kazakhstan_Timur" title="Wilayah Kazakhstan Timur">Kazakhstan Timur</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Karagandy" title="Wilayah Karagandy">Karagandy</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Kostanay" title="Wilayah Kostanay">Kostanay</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Kyzylorda" title="Wilayah Kyzylorda">Kyzylorda</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Mangystau" title="Wilayah Mangystau">Mangystau</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Kazakhstan_Utara" title="Wilayah Kazakhstan Utara">Kazakhstan Utara</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Pavlodar" title="Wilayah Pavlodar">Pavlodar</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Kazakhstan_Selatan" title="Wilayah Kazakhstan Selatan">Kazakhstan Selatan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Kazakhstan_Barat" title="Wilayah Kazakhstan Barat">Kazakhstan Barat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Zhambyl" title="Wilayah Zhambyl">Zhambyl</a> </span></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_(1992-2014).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kazakhstan"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/50px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/75px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bandar metropolitan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Komanwel_Negara-Negara_Merdeka_(CIS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6453376" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Komanwel_Negara-Negara_Merdeka" title="Templat:Komanwel Negara-Negara Merdeka"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Komanwel_Negara-Negara_Merdeka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Komanwel Negara-Negara Merdeka (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Komanwel_Negara-Negara_Merdeka&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none 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style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_the_CIS.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="CIS flag"><img alt="CIS flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/96px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/128px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ahli bersekutu</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pemerhati</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_benua_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6453376" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Asia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Asia" title="Perbincangan templat:Asia"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Asia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_benua_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_Asia" title="Senarai negara dan wilayah tanggungan di Asia">Senarai negara dan wilayah tanggungan</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><table class="wikitable" style="margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Southeast_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/60px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="551" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kemboja" title="Kemboja">Kemboja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </span> </p> </td> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia_Barat" title="Asia Barat">Asia Barat</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Western_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="683" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Emiriah_Arab_Bersatu" title="Emiriah Arab Bersatu">Emiriah Arab Bersatu</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(negara)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (negara)">Georgia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan">Lubnan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestin" title="Negara Palestin">Palestin</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Suriyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a> </span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Utara" title="Asia Utara">Utara</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Central_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/60px-Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:North_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazakhstan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </span> </p> </td> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia_Timur" title="Asia Timur">Asia Timur</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:East_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">China</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara">Korea Utara</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau">Macau</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:South_Asia_(orthographic_projection)_without_national_boundaries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg/50px-South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg/75px-South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg/100px-South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </span> </p> </td> <td width="15%" align="center"><b>Wilayah tanggungan dan negeri dengan pengiktirafan terhad</b> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"><b>Wilayah tanggungan :</b> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_dan_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri dan Dhekelia">Akrotiri dan Dhekelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Lautan_Hindi_British" title="Wilayah Lautan Hindi British">Wilayah Lautan Hindi British</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>)</small> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Cocos_(Keeling)" title="Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)">Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Krismas" title="Pulau Krismas">Pulau Krismas</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</small> </span><br /> <b>Negeri dengan pengiktirafan terhad :</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Turki_Cyprus_Utara" title="Republik Turki Cyprus Utara">Cyprus Utara</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ossetia_Selatan" title="Ossetia Selatan">Ossetia Selatan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_China_di_Taiwan" title="Republik China di Taiwan">Republik China (Taiwan)</a> </span> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span style="position:relative; top:0.1em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_yang_merentasi_melebihi_satu_benua" title="Senarai negara yang merentasi melebihi satu benua">Sebahagiannya</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> (negeri <a href="/wiki/Papua_Barat" title="Papua Barat">Papua Barat</a>).</span>  <span class="nowrap"><span style="position:relative; top:0.1em;"><sup><small>2</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_yang_merentasi_melebihi_satu_benua" title="Senarai negara yang merentasi melebihi satu benua">Sebahagiannya</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Eropah" title="Eropah">Eropah</a>.</span>  <span class="nowrap"><span style="position:relative; top:0.1em;"><sup><small>3</small></sup></span> Merupakan <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_Pentadbiran_Khas_Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasan Pentadbiran Khas Republik Rakyat China">Kawasan Pentadbiran Khas</a> di <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">Republik Rakyat China</a>.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kawasan_bahasa_Turkik" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6453376" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kawasan_berbahasa_Turk" title="Templat:Kawasan berbahasa Turk"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Kawasan_berbahasa_Turk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Kawasan berbahasa Turk (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kawasan_berbahasa_Turk&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kawasan_bahasa_Turkik" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Kawasan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Turkik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa-bahasa Turkik">bahasa Turkik</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Turk Barat</b></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gagauzia" title="Gagauzia">Gagauzia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazakhstan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkaria" title="Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">China</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Karachay-Cherkessia" title="Karachay-Cherkessia">Karachay-Cherkessia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Turki_Cyprus_Utara" title="Republik Turki Cyprus Utara">Republik Turki Cyprus Utara</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Karakalpakistan" title="Karakalpakistan">Karakalpakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Turk Timur</b></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Altai" title="Republik Altai">Republik Altai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Khakassia" title="Khakassia">Khakassia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Sakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Sakha">Republik Sakha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Negara_berdaulat_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_Eropah" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6453376" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Negara_di_Eropah" title="Templat:Negara di Eropah"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Negara_di_Eropah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Negara di Eropah (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Negara_di_Eropah&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negara_berdaulat_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_Eropah" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Negara berdaulat dan wilayah tanggungan di <a href="/wiki/Eropah" title="Eropah">Eropah</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_berdaulat" title="Senarai negara berdaulat">Negara berdaulat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_dan_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia dan Herzegovina">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(negara)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (negara)">Georgia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Ireland" title="Republik Ireland">Ireland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Itali" title="Itali">Itali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazakhstan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kota_Vatikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota Vatikan">Kota Vatikan</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_Utara" title="Macedonia Utara">Macedonia Utara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis">Perancis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Czech" title="Republik Czech">Republik Cekh</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol">Sepanyol</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> </p> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding:0 1.0em 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/225px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Negeri dengan pengiktirafan terhad</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> </span></p> <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Nagorno-Karabakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Turki_Cyprus_Utara" title="Republik Turki Cyprus Utara">Cyprus Utara</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ossetia_Selatan" title="Ossetia Selatan">Ossetia Selatan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_tanggungan" title="Wilayah tanggungan">Tanggungan</a> dan wilayah lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:relative"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Denmark</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Faroe" title="Kepulauan Faroe">Kepulauan Faroe</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:relative"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Finland</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Aland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepulauan Aland">Kepulauan Aland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:relative"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Norway</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:relative"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">United Kingdom</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_dan_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri dan Dhekelia">Akrotiri dan Dhekelia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Bantuan:Kawalan kewibawaan">Kawalan kewibawaan</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengecam_Nama_Piawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Pengecam Nama Piawaian Antarabangsa">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121884309">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fail_Kewibawaan_Antarabangsa_Maya" title="Fail Kewibawaan Antarabangsa Maya">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124906451">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/124906451">WorldCat (melalui VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan negara</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452764">Sepanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119411873">Perancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119411873">(data)</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123512463">2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123512463">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153591554">3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153591554">(data)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981059250962406706">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=12201">Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4029839-5">Jerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007567638105171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n92000005">Amerika Syarikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00577505">Jepun</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129556&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Czech</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institut penyelidikan seni</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/59a47a41-7971-4be7-8eb0-9729706b1a3a">KulturNav (Norway)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pangkalan data saintifik</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12636192?l=en">CiNii (Jepun)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1260664/">Aplikasi Berfaset Terminologi Subjek</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/044997">Kamus Sejarah Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/92d52542-3363-351c-a8b6-d991e0bccb8f">(kawasan)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046437">Arkib Negara (A.S.)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_Perpustakaan_Switzerland_Barat" title="Rangkaian Perpustakaan Switzerland Barat">RERO (Switzerland)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000097519">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_Pendokumenan_Universiti" title="Sistem Pendokumenan Universiti">SUDOC (Perancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/085464457">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kazakistan">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/Y4JUIlVJ">Parlimen U.K.</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&oldid=6380125">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&oldid=6380125</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a 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title="Kategori:Pages using infobox country with unknown parameters">Pages using infobox country with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Rusia" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Rusia">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Rusia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Laman_menggunakan_templat_Lang-xx" title="Kategori:Laman menggunakan templat Lang-xx">Laman menggunakan templat Lang-xx</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_parameter_tarikh_tidak_sah_dalam_templat" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan parameter tarikh tidak sah dalam templat">Rencana dengan parameter tarikh tidak sah dalam templat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_yang_mengandungi_kenyataan_yang_mungkin_lapuk" title="Kategori:Semua rencana yang mengandungi kenyataan yang mungkin lapuk">Semua rencana yang mengandungi kenyataan yang mungkin lapuk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_templat_hatnote_yang_menyasarkan_halaman_yang_tidak_wujud" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan templat hatnote yang menyasarkan halaman yang tidak wujud">Rencana dengan templat hatnote yang menyasarkan halaman yang tidak wujud</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pautan_kategori_Commons_dari_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Pautan kategori Commons dari Wikidata">Pautan kategori Commons dari Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_ISNI" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan ISNI">Rencana dengan pengenalan ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_VIAF" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan VIAF">Rencana dengan pengenalan VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_BNE" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan BNE">Rencana dengan pengenalan BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_BNF" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan BNF">Rencana dengan pengenalan BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_CANTICN" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan CANTICN">Rencana dengan pengenalan CANTICN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_EMU" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan EMU">Rencana dengan pengenalan EMU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_GND" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan GND">Rencana dengan pengenalan GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_J9U" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan J9U">Rencana dengan pengenalan J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_LCCN" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan LCCN">Rencana dengan pengenalan LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_NDL" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan NDL">Rencana dengan pengenalan NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_NKC" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan NKC">Rencana dengan pengenalan NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_KULTURNAV" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan KULTURNAV">Rencana dengan pengenalan KULTURNAV</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_CINII" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan CINII">Rencana dengan pengenalan CINII</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_FAST" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan FAST">Rencana dengan pengenalan FAST</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_HDS" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan HDS">Rencana dengan pengenalan HDS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_NARA" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan NARA">Rencana dengan pengenalan NARA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_RERO" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan RERO">Rencana dengan pengenalan RERO</a></li><li><a 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