CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e6e7c2dae114073',cH: 'UVMH0Zh4e3UpcqCnCV4fU6gDj6uZzXRqaSMcuT09dPI-1732336867-1.2.1.1-iIQv0JU.PmMqUGmTVCvU5tWcZxFQ2BrRHzZ1DAF86.Qn616PGyPJ5wm.ucFmxFa8',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/proceedings\/10.1145\/3594441?__cf_chl_tk=BRhqiZwc.hbl_ESag.KR4fCyN0odxpnnNP8uMac9pUg-1732336867-1.0.1.1-ktkqzhgMjhkvCusF3xXeMIK17FqTWtXGcATmv4ZZoZ4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732336867',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/proceedings\/10.1145\/3594441?__cf_chl_f_tk=BRhqiZwc.hbl_ESag.KR4fCyN0odxpnnNP8uMac9pUg-1732336867-1.0.1.1-ktkqzhgMjhkvCusF3xXeMIK17FqTWtXGcATmv4ZZoZ4",md: "YCCSv1.NNmMPsCmHmWk3BidwOk3ZVAJ72FgITix_p9s-1732336867-1.2.1.1-YS90_RCOa7OX1PCrERv_c141MBUiOYkbreQ0pr.NtCbdSVaCDFTILLQNAkjpHU62acjoB5PYbuyFw6C6eibT8clshKg3BiEtM7IKqlOm08g4lJk2BzcwYefyBDycf4fN7NwfGATHL1Fyd9Tw_a7buzkz4sNC_BaH0FSkwkM4BkMK8w2QF3lY3JrRKP3WzU1M.Iww18RZjA.j4hSAwO3uINj9uEYfzLuxIg217HQwIQjaAgcLcHX.nZLZf71VNCsgxbGIAYCmZ741MOyFNNHrS2EAaQ4lOVkbK7IWfgkNAK4_O_3AR.FMSHdJzOjxeE3brP5hl3aK3Rk0jRSnxxcUpCGpecpAJkHTa_nYmzWKWz9dsngfYR4oJr2IxEbsO.Ne.v96J7wJDWK62GpJzfhplkWOqgNkm0G2Roiae3LdP70IIJx4wWcDNwOU91LIhE5jOVbUo5Ya5nKsPF9Ej5zrukjPMgtYAE59VtH1tXRaYaGf6o7K_EXqmfu7pXLHM0jiDlc9U3VBLfOJSJ7w4WzHayvbSnYagoR3OnHYhlrWueZBVlDc_FvOcaKonZbvNtuZZEsVqsTsxAEJeShuqODrkaWu9copmNupK4ytv0CAsoOlj2_jD7T3bjp_qr4aJMOLBEkoU7yW1sNI_zZDNC6HgLUDm.qpYZVAhJhL51gh9lyE5vKjOLdnv.YXMWo6eOPU20l46Go0bIIUYZp2gRq4x47hRxAa9luA6mo1.ljciP.EEEtKZYPFPPyGXc8HdEB4.EEoeLflviMht5KZoRvi2SQahRaEcYkrT.IeRPflhEBQBoX9162Io_vhLlV3e6tI31.tk5PJBBw411ru_.q3gpeCTOR5DQq80vUvARWOe_.z.PRHawng1wA1exkwbI37YeuR5AHoalFi9keuRKkyWyxH3sgUl6IWvQn.9i5gv2rsM5L5q4K5zLa7xFdEXUAlf4G37IjuRyaj95_lupoZJn8gROrQyTgjXF0.NapGxBkWGOvCKEQlNTBVxARBf_949QPmVs0iNFEMcHcVIKbZBqXgbhMYL.SMZDwDxCnFIqamN0PJo.6ui_liBpLAcXSRx6q9TmA8ELmzQ5uKTOCjV0sXh0q9ygBvAoK7i0sHiKRYV9U6NlJGYq_6XjUgC70Qbg_aTVGU8zD80KreMc4ZCLA13oVNlSC5DOVCrpjwtnght_wzREGeCEwTkzt59vAXxKXCRSFcgOceaYKPqhRUyqHJ3JKYOqGQA3a2sp.meeTy_RwfHTuMfVu6NAWd4mSrimvwD60mIA33Xy5Q7NI68T5Bo6BoEG7hL_1rSwGByaIxTIMiUY8fguhvujiqo6FaIRt9to7tNhrpkWD63ERrflFF3Ou4diuEI5FOdm2l3OaXVAe.OOftrTGjsX59tutBSsEhG9D3GVCFQfHWQibq2qbDqxnkbox1OsKJ.e2lHrMKOF0EtBUKUGQv1AonIRbNCa7MGjMAgO0mBYGStsm593dIEl1K4LosoXcQegDdXvpu5wCNsrhaJ9OfcCsUIJ99dhVbS52FAMaMi0t5dXv.3Z50pX1B38lPNQu5bHD7JdCtqQCc.p8WXMcVdxvdr7CcAdCcnPGDtMU.ssBOAQx8E41wk5Z9.awU0dtS3R6LO1yKREyWDm.Vq2yth7LYhRqHo6Mv1dg19oQt61_TkGwhbPc1o.UfCI.dcYgQRIbuLtsAwj.XVRIAD3tDqLRla68ZUHlXUuGkU1u6aDbC3ybeaXUa6trWi3ngzHzMkJS.Ff1WF8ds62UPuVY51gjWNQypx3hQSskw6b.ExLfIosTUoYqu2DjZBHmf.aqqEODDigrQ1JF9Tn6TzIpmPFoFWGkauLBlzhHUmRvF0Pn.DwAlpO_s8yGPdHnp3x1n6PCkRs9bMTBkEVa5c08hnEAnLZZZTWl8tQDtkU3trcxlMhOL9gvsPV8cbxGml_daky.9Q4I2r7oBuWObrcGO60UtqmFjs4ulp0OA7Y27GcphC.qDuHaTK1jW_YJiS9eR9bshhhmDPAUxS4aq5qAqKjO.UswnToqCmRpCiJoyXo_xvEPrM.jH31oAYoeHn3PRyGwEot8X1PeWeEymgJk7e4wHGojjFv.CjGRS77pDhByoFjfFw6A0lttHAuGpWUhOuxN0XfPNU4ZD2N2UO9jiPK546_DUKnMoftJ3S_YXn1UfsLLoC6wv0holyL7DVaEbjvGCw6yWNGANdv_AIGitzv.1mWWpSXnxhQRcvyEGTTPI.0WHCKTUMiBnyFdxu_imWiDsRrXHykFaG.hiyC22pLv0n64dPJ1Fx17hsDGCmpbXWDeiNS1EL_EJFh4Bp3_RWEQkTi2sG3sk.bmpkLGIGUIj3V9D7xel4sCf7pHzfJOe2LRFkGzndVoKRWmlj2LX8obfBoHuGHEe1JwbhQrg8xzlFBwayPXT.nPI.aPJGOHDldiUb8Kn3shBuQlgIVWvZ7RGexDwycuvIe851epVHTFvNwuWMfW0WuCdQmNTQgICHDIkHPkUX3iUhRWhdjTVvhCbtXmyMLO.aARvYfYQ4euHT0LJaeT24gSJh1p8lUz3Y7Xn6KK23rW8fELMyB6yBm3GhCfDogfFjsFSK9L4UsBMaL9v04hnRE1XljBltjjqfdx.oixImgLMsJ4LXlaE9.aKHQPmVHPMU5ZqtlfwOOnPN4oz8jYVBQg.PAY1r.aEnUQGcRlMHOH.ozlJGZodCz7Ns7SZDf5Gos.f9a.LRHvwdnv1TFgQDtxZiWuck_NeaJusYll9QSF9aFCcMd6_9AEIMY5YjPMcVFOtcdUSGeWzo8Pm5YMW43WPU1dJuCl7HHbBSc9mCVWm8ihUqswgS8eWLat81bhIQgaGx69.1sbqlT1esorrP07Oa3e1KcLRk2K8ghTRuowcEe3eXRPijitC24HpkCe_TgY2xJMnOPatUL2_LYYQyJmcBRQyVqXNUyynFT2nDQO6mM4tqmi5KCpwxjqEhZ9SdgreZzDx2WHHRtKP",mdrd: "umYIR0UwiB63XJfHdtVLQGFMWZUY99jwVSwnfY4sMck-1732336867-1.2.1.1-Hd_W7NSkqHUTUrMswuJXLTwckZ.mwgiaWuyJsPLET.EY.nhHI359rV9B8Jb3mkO0rwma2gD0vwsZGa3A8SoswMvh5i4gaTPc6nLIoi_S2mO2ndVduNOQC5torJLTIhSQqRwXsLvG6VWiQpaG5obFDrMB06ftHvdkFmCcQJmnBGmMNf62DB.sy9H.T3BNmvfG3XqNj.bjNtk6JkmYDOxx_Vco_QD3QtKvHwA0Xwo_hUs1_UmgZHAvVbwv8gVSCcMmyabHabAM8GVnut5MvjuT.iFesuAwEtbJFjYCV28bKvNi9YIOPL_TcGg2GPy2DsHBh41mXg4S8NXzMy96.bCKmSdiPXLfd.JL5cirqXSLEdNLh6lUOWf5sqBHDDIOE.h8wF_mTflXRQLSLJTYGELJr1A3idk_SmNviVMFOwWiARUQ27fA7g4gN25aQ3LUqxr.DjXRFBDdIYlWjG6l0N5sGtUHGVxXbnXAHBjzpoy9BOWcoTj8lMFyOYDePUrrDTQ1XpmXicTFE2l_J1Mbaaw3W7GNdPxdxjDBihMNaadflsyXZNDDbPPWhox8LVmkUiEIVTQ_HVC6zClMQhlxMf3.b_F6uyAW9VoPlYGTO6JpVBoj9gztKSFSbbwZ.UFKP37pNZKIwsn.OnxX5zvUqKPl3IuV0MTQ1F5iov6lRLGBXvCbV07iiELFopIeo8zXed4pOqUT5VgT.daFAMVEzN5F9QAIKjB7niInAe7PtinpHVG_PR.QfvVUkFIDXWWHcmJNz3ZNO29TMxaSXHe2RmmU8hoP_kf6n7ZNswjMbY0H.0m0GtQrFkXlJjOUQAa_RW1jewtNML2BSMWQOmEY.o3_sNLfCyz9pXyqgxPnzMCoEeFsRcXwMG1VrT_nYhEBziUj4d7VXh4Ig2nDgDgY7G4SWbDfm5Cjci6Qrp8oQj1PO8jUDUDfTw2lc.M.is2ZRe69ImJiKypeL4VYjGC86SKn3APMLs0P0SYhGUHLLlLzQdQIunvWoP746GmTLaaPUyPXZzAxhPhsS8hqxbnIDpdHSVy_su.xGQ0UGZAPX10CATzJqAX9YsHPFxYx3BICa4w1e562geNiPrvOKJK0qEK2x2skV9cktJKd9KKg9pUJczif2PbtZS8d9.RSjSbBaXdZHlCuq35BlwNKV.q4G.Vbl95WKSHHtt2YtQkEk1sNYRcvRu4l6KQTAzsZLo2Mk5Z5RVUjhGXz9I9.Cq7aoHHsIa5bsnj4vFVUFuQRIho.VKaL7WB7VAOVFDqGyjMDLn_Vhm5OVpBkC8dcDwV9BK9Dtn_F0IkvItA6Dc_ioolJ9QdyJYDba94dck2EUeVyUw_hrtdjJ3Begu08ml2QuF9iffcvF8qct9M2FOWU6GBZPp7IIa.I58h6qs.jvHXT5b_vfG7BWcjS5y1xM7.aOfxWTN_kt_SSdJ12P82AuFU5lj_uVCSdok2JxrDR95vmc8Ec.WUQINzFde_yCUJhamOwT1GsncC8KCOegf2VntrNgwPandBX6TFutM0zWvZWxKpr8PhpCNj_k0A20VXnKIPMfUMC.fQi5bIrMhkp7T2qjlDWx5B.ARq5r.MD4Q5E4.W9kf3bCfBgsHGQuaENF0rLCWv37SdDjsugVUKl.Id8e9iSDh54MAh3KH5UwAUYC4vAszfXUeA_ZYkGEc25MiPxFRYwE8skZScovKIJamB.rK.H7bPbUYbzSHkIyigVOjjfJUns9LAWS6Dbv.XfkxP3mA07o65JLZzxRSyaCvYvtGKERcjT65KUPcglNTlqe31sK4AOgEFPw9JiVGeE5Ulu1jCi8vN440d88gecQH7qcVYXC5Lk8eXpZXh22R_CrG7PUVDtFN2WAFVwVhXiiZMP3zCyO5UQcUt0i7iA2qxFMSeCmTQKtX0cDSaS5GkwFRFlFDGW5Ed7hylFtEtqYr2UIF1J3anTgHx3Gi4wGe8OyJ4"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e6e7c2dae114073';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/proceedings\/10.1145\/3594441?__cf_chl_rt_tk=BRhqiZwc.hbl_ESag.KR4fCyN0odxpnnNP8uMac9pUg-1732336867-1.0.1.1-ktkqzhgMjhkvCusF3xXeMIK17FqTWtXGcATmv4ZZoZ4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>