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a:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button){color:var(--global-palette8);}.site-footer .site-top-footer-wrap a:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button):hover{color:var(--global-palette8);}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:30px;grid-column-gap:30px;grid-row-gap:30px;}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .widget{margin-bottom:30px;}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .widget-area .widget-title{font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette8);}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .site-footer-section:not(:last-child):after{right:calc(-30px / 2);}.site-bottom-footer-wrap .site-footer-row-container-inner{background:var(--global-palette3);font-style:normal;font-size:14px;color:var(--global-palette7);}.site-footer .site-bottom-footer-wrap a:where(:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button)){color:var(--global-palette7);}.site-footer .site-bottom-footer-wrap 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class="content-area"> <div class="content-container site-container"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <div class="content-wrap"> <article id="post-19898" class="entry content-bg single-entry post-19898 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-natural-environment mv-content-wrapper"> <div class="entry-content-wrap"> <header class="entry-header post-title title-align-center title-tablet-align-center title-mobile-align-inherit"> <div class="kadence-breadcrumbs yoast-bc-wrap"><span><span><a href="https://earthhow.com/">Home</a></span> » <span><a href="https://earthhow.com/category/life-science/">Life Science</a></span> » <span><a href="https://earthhow.com/category/life-science/natural-environment/">Natural Environment</a></span> » <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">7 Types of Ecosystems</span></span></div><h1 class="entry-title">7 Types of Ecosystems</h1><div class="entry-meta entry-meta-divider-customicon"> <div class="meta-comments"><span class="kadence-svg-iconset"><svg class="kadence-svg-icon kadence-comments-alt-svg" fill="currentColor" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28"><title>Comments</title><path d="M10 14c0 1.109-0.891 2-2 2s-2-0.891-2-2 0.891-2 2-2 2 0.891 2 2zM16 14c0 1.109-0.891 2-2 2s-2-0.891-2-2 0.891-2 2-2 2 0.891 2 2zM22 14c0 1.109-0.891 2-2 2s-2-0.891-2-2 0.891-2 2-2 2 0.891 2 2zM14 6c-6.5 0-12 3.656-12 8 0 2.328 1.563 4.547 4.266 6.078l1.359 0.781-0.422 1.5c-0.297 1.109-0.688 1.969-1.094 2.688 1.578-0.656 3.016-1.547 4.297-2.672l0.672-0.594 0.891 0.094c0.672 0.078 1.359 0.125 2.031 0.125 6.5 0 12-3.656 12-8s-5.5-8-12-8zM28 14c0 5.531-6.266 10-14 10-0.766 0-1.531-0.047-2.266-0.125-2.047 1.813-4.484 3.094-7.187 3.781-0.562 0.156-1.172 0.266-1.781 0.344h-0.078c-0.313 0-0.594-0.25-0.672-0.594v-0.016c-0.078-0.391 0.187-0.625 0.422-0.906 0.984-1.109 2.109-2.047 2.844-4.656-3.219-1.828-5.281-4.656-5.281-7.828 0-5.516 6.266-10 14-10v0c7.734 0 14 4.484 14 10z"></path> </svg></span><a class="meta-comments-link anchor-scroll" href="#comments">3 Comments</a></div></div></header> <div class="entry-content single-content"> <p>There are many different <strong>types of ecosystems</strong>, like forests, deserts, and oceans. Each has its unique group of living things and environment. In this article, we will explore the types of ecosystems and learn what makes them different from each other.</p> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div><hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-default"/> <blockquote class="wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-style-large is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"> <p><em>“</em>Ecosystems are like nature’s neighborhoods, where plants, animals, and living things share a space and work together.<em>”</em></p> </blockquote> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-default"/> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">1. Forest Ecosystems</h2> <p>Forest ecosystems are areas where trees are the main form of plant life. These ecosystems are important because they provide homes for many species. They also help clean our air and are sources of food and medicine.</p> <div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19898_cb96f5-2e"><figure class="alignright size-medium"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Forest-Ecosystem-300x300.jpg" alt="Forest Ecosystem" class="kb-img wp-image-20765" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Forest-Ecosystem-300x300.jpg 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Forest-Ecosystem-675x675.jpg 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Forest-Ecosystem-150x150.jpg 150w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Forest-Ecosystem-425x425.jpg 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Forest-Ecosystem-550x550.jpg 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Forest-Ecosystem-850x850.jpg 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Forest-Ecosystem-107x107.jpg 107w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Forest-Ecosystem.jpg 904w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></figure></div><p>However, forests also face challenges like deforestation and <a href="https://earthhow.com/climate-change/">climate change</a>. This means forests are crucial for us to protect and preserve them for future generations.</p> <p>Here are the different types of forest ecosystems:</p> <ol class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>Tropical Rainforests</strong>: Hot, wet, home to diverse wildlife.</li> <li><strong>Temperate Forests</strong>: Four seasons, mixed trees, varied wildlife.</li> <li><strong>Boreal Forests (Taiga)</strong>: Cold, coniferous trees, fewer species.</li> <li><strong>Deciduous Forests</strong>: Trees lose leaves annually, rich biodiversity.</li> <li><strong>Mixed Forests</strong>: Combination of coniferous and deciduous trees.</li> <li><strong>Mangrove Forests</strong>: Coastal, salt-tolerant trees, rich marine life.</li> <li><strong>Montane Forests</strong>: Found in mountain regions with distinct vegetation zones.</li> </ol></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">2. Tundra Ecosystems</h2> <p>Tundra ecosystems are cold, windy areas with little rain. It’s where only the toughest plants and animals can survive. As for <a href="https://earthhow.com/why-do-we-have-seasons/">seasons</a>, these regions have short summers and long, harsh winters. Plus, the landscapes are often covered in snow and ice.</p> <div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19898_28b910-fb"><figure class="alignright size-medium"><img decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Tundra-Ecoystem-300x300.jpg" alt="Tundra Ecoystem" class="kb-img wp-image-20766" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Tundra-Ecoystem-300x300.jpg 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Tundra-Ecoystem-675x675.jpg 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Tundra-Ecoystem-150x150.jpg 150w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Tundra-Ecoystem-425x425.jpg 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Tundra-Ecoystem-550x550.jpg 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Tundra-Ecoystem-850x850.jpg 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Tundra-Ecoystem-107x107.jpg 107w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Tundra-Ecoystem.jpg 904w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></figure></div><p>Despite the tough conditions, tundras are important habitats for unique wildlife and play a key role in Earth’s climate system. For example, you can find <a href="https://earthhow.com/permafrost/">permafrost</a> which helps regulate the global climate by storing methane in its frozen form.</p> <p>Below are examples of tundra ecosystems:</p> <ol class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>Arctic Tundra</strong>: Cold, dry, north of the tree line, home to polar bears and caribou.</li> <li><strong>Alpine Tundra</strong>: High mountains worldwide, similar to the Arctic but without permafrost.</li> <li><strong>Antarctic Tundra</strong>: Located in Antarctica, extremely cold, mostly ice-covered.</li> </ol></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">3. Desert Ecosystems</h2> <p>Desert ecosystems are known for being <a href="https://earthhow.com/koppen-climate-classification/">very dry and often hot</a>. But some deserts can be cold too. In fact, Antarctica is considered the largest desert in the world with only 200 mm (8 inches) of precipitation per year.</p> <div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19898_79862c-7d"><figure class="alignright size-medium"><img decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Desert-Ecosystem-300x300.jpg" alt="Desert Ecosystem" class="kb-img wp-image-20767" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Desert-Ecosystem-300x300.jpg 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Desert-Ecosystem-675x675.jpg 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Desert-Ecosystem-150x150.jpg 150w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Desert-Ecosystem-425x425.jpg 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Desert-Ecosystem-550x550.jpg 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Desert-Ecosystem-850x850.jpg 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Desert-Ecosystem-107x107.jpg 107w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Desert-Ecosystem.jpg 904w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></figure></div><p>These areas have plants and animals that are specially adapted to survive with very little water. For example, cacti store water in their thick stems, and camels can go long periods without drinking.</p> <p>Here are some examples of desert ecosystems:</p> <ol class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>Hot and Dry Deserts</strong>: Very hot, sparse rainfall, like the <a href="https://earthhow.com/eye-of-the-sahara/">Sahara Desert</a>.</li> <li><strong>Semi-Arid Deserts</strong>: Less extreme, cooler, like the Great Basin.</li> <li><strong>Coastal Deserts</strong>: Cool, foggy, moderate temperatures, like the Atacama.</li> <li><strong>Cold Deserts</strong>: Cold winters and low rainfall, like the Gobi.</li> </ol></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">4. Freshwater Ecosystems</h2> <p>Freshwater ecosystems are a type of marine ecosystem where the water is not <a href="https://earthhow.com/ocean-salinity-salt/">salty like the ocean</a>. These ecosystems are home to a wide variety of plants, fish, and other wildlife. All have adapted to living in freshwater.</p> <div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19898_17a296-49"><figure class="alignright size-medium"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Freshwater-Ecoystem-300x300.jpg" alt="Freshwater Ecoystem" class="kb-img wp-image-20768" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Freshwater-Ecoystem-300x300.jpg 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Freshwater-Ecoystem-675x675.jpg 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Freshwater-Ecoystem-150x150.jpg 150w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Freshwater-Ecoystem-425x425.jpg 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Freshwater-Ecoystem-550x550.jpg 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Freshwater-Ecoystem-850x850.jpg 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Freshwater-Ecoystem-107x107.jpg 107w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Freshwater-Ecoystem.jpg 904w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></figure></div><p>Freshwater provides drinking water, supports agriculture, and helps <a href="https://earthhow.com/biological-diversity-biodiversity/">maintain biodiversity</a>. Additionally, these ecosystems offer recreational opportunities. This can be vital for many communities’ cultural and economic well-being.</p> <p>Examples of freshwater ecosystems include:</p> <ol class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>Rivers and Streams</strong>: Flowing water, diverse fish and plant life are <a href="https://earthhow.com/river-roles/">roles of rivers</a>.</li> <li><strong>Lakes and Ponds</strong>: Still water, varied depth, supports aquatic life.</li> <li><strong>Wetlands</strong>: Marshes and swamps, rich in biodiversity, water filtration.</li> <li><strong>Estuaries</strong>: Where freshwater meets the sea, nutrient-rich, diverse habitats. Common are <a href="https://earthhow.com/mudflats/">mudflats</a>.</li> </ol></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">5. Ocean Ecosystems</h2> <p>Ocean ecosystems cover most of our planet and include everything from shallow <a href="https://earthhow.com/coral-reef-facts/">coral reefs</a> to deep sea areas. They are home to a huge variety of life, including tiny plankton, colorful fish, and large whales.</p> <div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19898_434379-e2"><figure class="alignright size-medium"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ocean-Ecosystem-300x300.jpg" alt="Ocean Ecosystem" class="kb-img wp-image-20769" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ocean-Ecosystem-300x300.jpg 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ocean-Ecosystem-675x675.jpg 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ocean-Ecosystem-150x150.jpg 150w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ocean-Ecosystem-425x425.jpg 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ocean-Ecosystem-550x550.jpg 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ocean-Ecosystem-850x850.jpg 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ocean-Ecosystem-107x107.jpg 107w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ocean-Ecosystem.jpg 904w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></figure></div><p>Did you know that the ocean produces more than half of the world’s oxygen? This is thanks to tiny ocean plants called phytoplankton, which live near the water’s surface and perform <a href="https://earthhow.com/photosynthesis-process/">photosynthesis</a>, much like plants on land.</p> <p>Here are some examples of ocean ecosystems. </p> <ol class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>Coral Reefs</strong>: Colorful, diverse, shallow waters, “rainforests of the sea”.</li> <li><strong>Open Ocean (Pelagic)</strong>: Vast, deep, home to large marine animals.</li> <li><strong>Deep Sea (Abyssal)</strong>: Dark, high pressure, unique life forms.</li> <li><strong>Kelp Forests</strong>: Coastal, rich in marine life, towering seaweeds.</li> <li><strong>Mangroves</strong>: Where rivers meet the sea, <a href="https://earthhow.com/mangrove-forests/">mangroves</a> are nursery for many species.</li> </ol></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">6. Grassland Ecosystems</h2> <p>Grassland ecosystems are vast open spaces where the main type of vegetation is grass. These areas are found on every continent except Antarctica.</p> <div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19898_e053b4-51"><figure class="alignright size-medium"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Grassland-Ecosystem-300x300.jpg" alt="Grassland Ecosystem" class="kb-img wp-image-20770" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Grassland-Ecosystem-300x300.jpg 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Grassland-Ecosystem-675x675.jpg 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Grassland-Ecosystem-150x150.jpg 150w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Grassland-Ecosystem-425x425.jpg 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Grassland-Ecosystem-550x550.jpg 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Grassland-Ecosystem-850x850.jpg 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Grassland-Ecosystem-107x107.jpg 107w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Grassland-Ecosystem.jpg 904w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></figure></div><p>They’re home to many animals, including large mammals like bison and antelope. Grasslands are important for agriculture, providing grazing for livestock and <a href="https://earthhow.com/strip-cropping/">land for crops</a>.</p> <ol class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>Temperate Grasslands</strong>: Wide-open spaces, fertile soil, hot summers, cold winters, like the Great Plains.</li> <li><strong>Savannas</strong>: Tropical, scattered trees, home to diverse wildlife, like in Africa.</li> <li><strong>Steppes</strong>: Semi-arid, short grasses, found in Eurasia.</li> <li><strong>Pampas</strong>: Rich soil, tall grasses, South American grasslands.</li> </ol></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">7. Alpine Ecosystems</h2> <p>Alpine ecosystems are found high in the mountains. This ecosystem is characterized by harsh <a href="https://earthhow.com/weather-facts/">weather conditions</a>, like strong winds and cold temperatures. Forest growth is also hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.</p> <div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19898_59fd70-43"><figure class="alignright size-medium"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Alpine-Ecosystem-300x300.jpg" alt="Alpine Ecosystem" class="kb-img wp-image-20771" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Alpine-Ecosystem-300x300.jpg 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Alpine-Ecosystem-675x675.jpg 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Alpine-Ecosystem-150x150.jpg 150w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Alpine-Ecosystem-425x425.jpg 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Alpine-Ecosystem-550x550.jpg 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Alpine-Ecosystem-850x850.jpg 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Alpine-Ecosystem-107x107.jpg 107w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Alpine-Ecosystem.jpg 904w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></figure></div><p>Despite this, a variety of plants and animals have adapted to survive here. For example, this includes small, sturdy plants and animals like mountain goats.</p> <p>Here are some examples of where you can find some alpine ecosystems:</p> <ol class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>Rocky Mountains</strong>: Diverse mountain range in North America.</li> <li><strong>Andes</strong>: World’s longest continental mountain range with diverse climates and terrains.</li> <li><strong>Alps</strong>: Iconic, scenic European range, known for snowy peaks, and alpine meadows.</li> <li><strong>Himalayas</strong>: Earth’s highest mountain range in Asia. Home to Mount Everest.</li> </ol></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h1 class="wp-block-heading">Types of Ecosystems</h1> <div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19898_00d586-51"><figure class="alignright size-medium"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ecosystems-300x300.png" alt="Ecosystems" class="kb-img wp-image-19907" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ecosystems-300x300.png 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ecosystems-675x675.png 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ecosystems-150x150.png 150w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ecosystems-425x425.png 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ecosystems-550x550.png 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ecosystems-850x850.png 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ecosystems-107x107.png 107w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ecosystems.png 1024w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></figure></div><p>In summary, our planet is home to many different <strong>types of ecosystems</strong>, like forests, grasslands, deserts, tundras, oceans, and freshwater areas. Each one is unique and important, supporting a variety of plants and animals.</p> <p>These ecosystems not only provide homes for wildlife but also offer clean air, water, and food for us. Protecting these natural environments is essential for maintaining the balance of our planet.</p> <p>Do you have any questions about the types of ecosystems on Earth? We’d love to hear from you! Add what you have to say in our comment section below.</p></div></div><div class="newsletter1"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Subscribe to our newsletter:</span> <div class="tnp tnp-subscription-minimal"><form action="https://earthhow.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=tnp&na=s" method="post" style="text-align: center"><input type="hidden" name="nr" value="minimal"> <input type="hidden" name="nlang" value=""> <input class="tnp-email" type="email" required name="ne" value="" placeholder="Email"><input class="tnp-submit" type="submit" value="Subscribe" style=""> </form></div></div><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id18718_0cb308-dd alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column18718_3e5fb2-fa kvs-sm-false kb-section-dir-horizontal"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><div class="wp-block-kadence-posts kb-posts kb-posts-id-18718_cbb5c8-cb content-wrap grid-cols kb-posts-style-unboxed grid-sm-col-2 grid-lg-col-3 item-image-style-above"><article class="entry content-bg loop-entry post-2542 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-evolution-and-tree-of-life category-life-science mv-content-wrapper"> <a class="post-thumbnail kadence-thumbnail-ratio-2-3" href="https://earthhow.com/dinosaurs-era/"> <div class="post-thumbnail-inner"> <img width="425" height="319" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Age-of-Dinosaurs-425x319.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image" alt="Age of Dinosaurs" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Age-of-Dinosaurs-425x319.png 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Age-of-Dinosaurs-300x225.png 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Age-of-Dinosaurs-675x507.png 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Age-of-Dinosaurs-550x413.png 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Age-of-Dinosaurs.png 678w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Age-of-Dinosaurs-326x245.png 326w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Age-of-Dinosaurs-80x60.png 80w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Age-of-Dinosaurs-267x200.png 267w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px"/></div></a> <div class="entry-content-wrap"> <header class="entry-header"> <h6 class="entry-title"><a href="https://earthhow.com/dinosaurs-era/" rel="bookmark">The Dinosaur Era: When Dinosaurs Dominated</a></h6></header> <footer class="entry-footer"> </footer></div></article> <article class="entry content-bg loop-entry post-484 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-life-science category-natural-environment mv-content-wrapper"> <a class="post-thumbnail kadence-thumbnail-ratio-2-3" href="https://earthhow.com/carbon-cycle/"> <div class="post-thumbnail-inner"> <img width="425" height="319" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Carbon-Cycle-425x319.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image" alt="Carbon Cycle" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Carbon-Cycle-425x319.png 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Carbon-Cycle-300x225.png 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Carbon-Cycle-675x507.png 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Carbon-Cycle-550x413.png 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Carbon-Cycle.png 678w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Carbon-Cycle-326x245.png 326w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Carbon-Cycle-80x60.png 80w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Carbon-Cycle-267x200.png 267w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px"/></div></a> <div class="entry-content-wrap"> <header class="entry-header"> <h6 class="entry-title"><a href="https://earthhow.com/carbon-cycle/" rel="bookmark">What Is the Carbon Cycle? 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class="kt-blocks-post-grid-item-inner"><header><h6 class="entry-title"><a href="https://earthhow.com/taxonomic-classification/">Taxonomic Classification: From Domain to Species</a></h6><div class="kt-blocks-post-top-meta"></div></header><div class="entry-content"></div><footer class="kt-blocks-post-footer"><div class="kt-blocks-post-footer-left"></div><div class="kt-blocks-post-footer-right"></div></footer></div></div></article><article class="kt-blocks-post-grid-item post-12328 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-life-science category-natural-environment mv-content-wrapper"><div class="kt-blocks-post-grid-item-inner-wrap kt-feat-image-align-left kt-feat-image-mobile-align-side"><div class="kadence-post-image"><div class="kadence-post-image-intrisic kt-image-ratio-66-67" style="padding-bottom:66.67%;"><div class="kadence-post-image-inner-intrisic"><a href="https://earthhow.com/biosphere/" aria-label="Read More The Biosphere: Life on Earth" class="kadence-post-image-inner-wrap"><img width="300" height="225" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Biosphere-Feature-300x225.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="Biosphere" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Biosphere-Feature-300x225.jpg 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Biosphere-Feature-675x507.jpg 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Biosphere-Feature-425x319.jpg 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Biosphere-Feature-550x413.jpg 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Biosphere-Feature.jpg 678w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></a></div></div></div><div class="kt-blocks-post-grid-item-inner"><header><h6 class="entry-title"><a href="https://earthhow.com/biosphere/">The Biosphere: Life on Earth</a></h6><div class="kt-blocks-post-top-meta"></div></header><div class="entry-content"></div><footer class="kt-blocks-post-footer"><div class="kt-blocks-post-footer-left"></div><div class="kt-blocks-post-footer-right"></div></footer></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></article> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> <h2 class="comments-title">3 Comments</h2> <ol class="comment-list"> <li id="comment-44989" class="comment even thread-even depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-44989" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Uku Brendan</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/ecosystem-types/#comment-44989"><time datetime="2024-11-15T21:44:27-06:00">November 15, 2024 at 9:44 pm</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>What is the process of leaving from 1° consumers to 3° consumers?</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-44508" class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-44508" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Savilenska Eugene</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/ecosystem-types/#comment-44508"><time datetime="2024-11-04T18:11:58-06:00">November 4, 2024 at 6:11 pm</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Im a little confused about what are the 5 Koppen climate classification type. If the annual precipitation is less than 50% of the precipitation threshold, the classification is BW (arid: desert climate). But if it is more than 50%, the Koppen climate classification is BS (semi-arid: steppe climate). For example, Phoenix, Arizona has an average annual temperature of 21.8°C. Approximately 38.4% of its annual precipitation falls from April to September. Because its precipitation threshold is less than 50%, Phoenix, Arizona is an arid desert climate.</p> <p>Climate Type Criteria<br /> Arid desert (BW) Annual precipitation is less than 50% of the precipitation threshold.<br /> Semi-arid steppe (BS) Annual precipitation is more than 50% of the precipitation threshold. what does that mean?</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-38774" class="comment even thread-even depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-38774" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Ben</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/ecosystem-types/#comment-38774"><time datetime="2024-08-21T03:37:28-06:00">August 21, 2024 at 3:37 am</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Very informative and well organised for anyone to understand. 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