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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Radio rootpage-Radio skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Sari la conținut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Meniul principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Vedeți pagina principală [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principală</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente" title="Lista ultimelor schimbări realizate în acest wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Schimbări recente</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cafenea" title="Informații despre evenimentele curente"><span>Cafenea</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu" title="Afișează o pagină aleatoare [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Articol aleatoriu</span></a></li><li id="n-Facebook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaRomana" rel="nofollow"><span>Facebook</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Participare" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Participare" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Participare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cum-încep-pe-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Bun_venit"><span>Cum încep pe Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cuprins" title="Locul în care găsiți ajutor"><span>Ajutor</span></a></li><li id="n-Portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83sfoire"><span>Portaluri tematice</span></a></li><li id="n-Articole-cerute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_cerute"><span>Articole cerute</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" class="mw-logo"> <img 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspect</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro" class=""><span>Donații</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Radio" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Radio" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Radio" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Radio" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eascunde\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ro\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; margin: 0 0 3px;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"nomobile\" style=\"float:right\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/126px-Concurs_de_scriere.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"126\" height=\"95\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/189px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/251px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"506\" data-file-height=\"383\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"color: grey; max-width:1280px; margin: 12px auto; font-family: Tahoma, \u0026#39;DejaVu Sans Condensed\u0026#39;, sans-serif; text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; position: relative;\"\u003EA început o nouă ediție a concursului de scriere! 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istoria_radioului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoria_radioului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istoria radioului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoria_radioului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funcționare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funcționare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Funcționare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funcționare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Echipament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Echipament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Echipament</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Echipament-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Echipament subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Echipament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Echipament_de_emisie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Echipament_de_emisie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Echipament de emisie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Echipament_de_emisie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Echipament_de_recepție" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Echipament_de_recepție"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Echipament de recepție</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Echipament_de_recepție-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frecvențe_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frecvențe_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Frecvențe radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frecvențe_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizări_ale_radioului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizări_ale_radioului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Utilizări ale radioului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizări_ale_radioului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_digital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_digital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Radio digital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_digital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Radio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 154 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6rfunk" title="Hörfunk – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hörfunk" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%B2%E1%8B%AE" title="ራዲዮ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ራዲዮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_(medio_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n)" title="Radio (medio de comunicación) – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Radio (medio de comunicación)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AAtweorp" title="Ūtweorp – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ūtweorp" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेडियो – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रेडियो" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A" title="اتصال راديوي – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتصال راديوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%A3_%DC%A9%DC%A0%DC%90" title="ܦܪܣ ܩܠܐ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܪܣ ܩܠܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88" title="بت د الراديو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بت د الراديو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="অনাতাঁৰ প্ৰযুক্তি – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অনাতাঁৰ প্ৰযুক্তি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_(mediu_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n)" title="Radio (mediu de comunicación) – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Radio (mediu de comunicación)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेडियो – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रेडियो" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88" title="رادیو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رادیو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad%C4%97js" title="Radėjs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Radėjs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Radyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91" title="Радыё – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Радыё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91" title="Радыё – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Радыё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="বেতার – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেতার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skingomz" title="Skingomz – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skingomz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A0dio" title="Ràdio – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ràdio" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%86" title="ڕادیۆ – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕادیۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiokomunikace" title="Radiokomunikace – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Radiokomunikace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Ραδιόφωνο – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ραδιόφωνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A2dio" title="Râdio – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Râdio" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiofonio" title="Radiofonio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Radiofonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocomunicaci%C3%B3n" title="Radiocomunicación – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Radiocomunicación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raadio" title="Raadio – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raadio" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrati-komunikazio" title="Irrati-komunikazio – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irrati-komunikazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88" title="رادیو – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رادیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raadio" title="Raadio – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Raadio" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atvarp" title="Útvarp – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Útvarp" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocommunication" title="Radiocommunication – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Radiocommunication" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3" title="Raidió – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Raidió" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB" title="無線電 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="無線電" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8idio" title="Rèidio – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rèidio" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_(medio_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n)" title="Radio (medio de comunicación) – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Radio (medio de comunicación)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDas%C3%A3i" title="Ñe'ẽasãi – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽasãi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rediyo" title="Rediyo – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rediyo" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/La-chi-yok" title="La-chi-yok – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="La-chi-yok" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95" title="רדיו – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רדיו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेडियो – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेडियो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1di%C3%B3z%C3%A1s" title="Rádiózás – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rádiózás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B8" title="Ռադիո – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռադիո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atvarp" title="Útvarp – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Útvarp" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_(elettronica)" title="Radio (elettronica) – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Radio (elettronica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA" title="ラジオ – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラジオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riedio" title="Riedio – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Riedio" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radhio" title="Radhio – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Radhio" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D" title="რადიო – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რადიო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimasi_f%C9%9By%C9%A9_ka%C5%8Bgalafu_heyinau" title="Nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu heyinau – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu heyinau" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BB" title="វិទ្យុ – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វិទ្យុ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B" title="ರೇಡಿಯೋ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೇಡಿಯೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4" title="라디오 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라디오" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Radyo" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83" title="Радио уктуруу – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Радио уктуруу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiophonia" title="Radiophonia – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Radiophonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%9B%CC%81ni_ya_lad%C3%AD%C3%B3" title="Sɛ́ni ya ladíó – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sɛ́ni ya ladíó" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radijas" title="Radijas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Radijas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onjam-peo" title="Onjam-peo – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Onjam-peo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B" title="റേഡിയോ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റേഡിയോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%93" title="रेडिओ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेडिओ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_(quemunica%C3%A7on)" title="Rádio (quemunicaçon) – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Rádio (quemunicaçon)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="ရေဒီယို – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေဒီယို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेडियो – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रेडियो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेदियो – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रेदियो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A0dio" title="Ràdio – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ràdio" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raadiyoo" title="Raadiyoo – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Raadiyoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93" title="ਰੇਡੀਓ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇਡੀਓ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reedio" title="Reedio – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Reedio" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="ریڈیو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریڈیو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%88" title="راډيو – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="راډيو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1dio" title="Rádio – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rádio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankichina" title="Ankichina – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ankichina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE" title="Радіо – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Радіо" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेडियो – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रेडियो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Араадьыйа – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Араадьыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2_(%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B3)" title="ᱨᱚᱲᱭᱚᱢ (ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ) – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱚᱲᱭᱚᱢ (ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ)" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ගුවන්විදුලිය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගුවන්විදුලිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozhlas_(zvuk)" title="Rozhlas (zvuk) – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rozhlas (zvuk)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leti%C5%8D" title="Letiō – samoană" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Letiō" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redio" title="Redio – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Redio" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="வானொலி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வானொலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B" title="ರೇಡಿಯೋ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ರೇಡಿಯೋ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B" title="రేడియో – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రేడియో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8" title="การกระจายเสียงวิทยุ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การกระจายเสียงวิทยุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Radyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99dio" title="Rədio – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Rədio" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Radyo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE" title="Радіо – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Радіо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ریڈیو نشریات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریڈیو نشریات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%81n_thanh_radio" title="Truyền thanh radio – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Truyền thanh radio" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Radyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce%C3%B1%C3%B1eer-mbej" title="Ceññeer-mbej – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ceññeer-mbej" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB" title="無線電 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="無線電" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио – calmucă" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmucă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D" title="რადიო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რადიო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90" title="ראדיא – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ראדיא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="无线电 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="无线电" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/La-j%C3%AD-oh_h%C3%B2ng-s%C3%A0ng" title="La-jí-oh hòng-sàng – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="La-jí-oh hòng-sàng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB" title="無線電 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="無線電" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umsakazo" title="Umsakazo – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umsakazo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q872#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Radio"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Radio"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Radio" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Radio" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&oldid=16067391" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Radio&id=16067391&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRadio"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRadio"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Radio"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Radio&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Radio" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q872" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br /> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16501920"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-style ambox-style" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Calitatea informațiilor sau a exprimării din acest articol sau secțiune trebuie îmbunătățită.</b><br /> Consultați <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_de_stil" title="Wikipedia:Manual de stil">manualul de stil</a> și <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cur%C4%83%C8%9Benie" title="Wikipedia:Curățenie">îndrumarul</a>, apoi <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit">dați o mână de ajutor</a>.<br />Acest articol a fost etichetat în <b>mai 2008</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ramnicu_Valcea_-_mast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ramnicu_Valcea_-_mast.jpg/220px-Ramnicu_Valcea_-_mast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ramnicu_Valcea_-_mast.jpg/330px-Ramnicu_Valcea_-_mast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ramnicu_Valcea_-_mast.jpg/440px-Ramnicu_Valcea_-_mast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2673" data-file-height="4944" /></a><figcaption>Antene radio</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Radio</b> a fost la origine o metodă de transmitere a sunetelor prin unde radio, care prin natura lor sunt unde electromagnetice. Azi se transmit prin radio o largă gamă de semnale diferite, inclusiv imagini mișcătoare și fluxuri enorme de date. </p><p>De foarte multă vreme omul a fost nevoit să transmită informații la distanțe mari. În antichitate semnalele cu ajutorul focului constituiau singura cale de comunicare la mari distanțe; așa s-a aflat de exemplu despre căderea Troiei sau a Ierusalimului. </p><p>Existența undelor radio a fost făcută cunoscută publicului larg în special de către Guglielmo <a href="/wiki/Marconi" class="mw-redirect" title="Marconi">Marconi</a>, un inventator italian care activa în Anglia. Fizicianul sarb din America <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a> a contribuit în mod esențial, pe lângă alți câțiva inventatori, la crearea primului aparat radio (precum și la alte multe invenții din domeniul electrotehnicii). El a construit un sistem care putea transmite și primi semnale radio de la o distanță de aproape 3 km. În 1895 a trimis un semnal radio pentru prima dată; în 1907 el a recepționat prima dată un semnal radio din Canada, și anume semnul "x" din <a href="/wiki/Codul_Morse" title="Codul Morse">Codul Morse</a>. </p><p>Odată cu aceasta a început să se dezvolte telegrafia fără fir și folosirea codului Morse, care au fost foarte importante mai ales pentru comunicarea între nave în cazul unor dezastre pe mare. Primul care a transmis un mesaj vocal prin undele radio a fost Reginald Fessenden în 1900. Nikola Tesla a inceput in 1900 construcția primei stații de emisie de radio, dar din lipsă de fonduri a abandonat ideea. Totuși el este considerat inventatorul ideii de stații radio cu emisiuni. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoria_radioului">Istoria radioului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoria radioului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istoria radioului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Vintage_Lafayette_Table_Radio_With_Tuning_Eye_Tube,_Model_C-200,_Made_In_USA,_Circa_1941_-_1942_(14704376510).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vintage_Lafayette_Table_Radio_With_Tuning_Eye_Tube%2C_Model_C-200%2C_Made_In_USA%2C_Circa_1941_-_1942_%2814704376510%29.jpg/220px-Vintage_Lafayette_Table_Radio_With_Tuning_Eye_Tube%2C_Model_C-200%2C_Made_In_USA%2C_Circa_1941_-_1942_%2814704376510%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vintage_Lafayette_Table_Radio_With_Tuning_Eye_Tube%2C_Model_C-200%2C_Made_In_USA%2C_Circa_1941_-_1942_%2814704376510%29.jpg/330px-Vintage_Lafayette_Table_Radio_With_Tuning_Eye_Tube%2C_Model_C-200%2C_Made_In_USA%2C_Circa_1941_-_1942_%2814704376510%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vintage_Lafayette_Table_Radio_With_Tuning_Eye_Tube%2C_Model_C-200%2C_Made_In_USA%2C_Circa_1941_-_1942_%2814704376510%29.jpg/440px-Vintage_Lafayette_Table_Radio_With_Tuning_Eye_Tube%2C_Model_C-200%2C_Made_In_USA%2C_Circa_1941_-_1942_%2814704376510%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2858" data-file-height="1955" /></a><figcaption>Receptor radio cu tuburi, 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>Două revoluții care au influențat enorm civilizația omenească au fost: </p> <ul><li>Revoluția industrială</li></ul> <p>Revoluția industrială a constituit un salt în modul de a imagina și implementa o invenție, precum de exemplu au fost mașinile (automobilele) pentru deplasare rapidă. </p> <ul><li>Revoluția informațională</li></ul> <p>Revoluția informațională, deși mai puțin cunoscută și recunoscută, a fost foarte importantă. Consecința cea mai importantă a revoluției electronice, a constituit-o apariția <i>radioului</i>. În primii ani de dezvoltare, comunicațiile radio au fost numite <i>telegrafie</i> sau <i>telefonie</i> <i>fără fir</i>, expresii care nu au rezistat în timp, și care au fost înlocuite cu termenul generic <i>radio</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:RCA_Victor_Co._-Transistor_Radio_Pockette_1-TP-2E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/RCA_Victor_Co._-Transistor_Radio_Pockette_1-TP-2E.jpg/220px-RCA_Victor_Co._-Transistor_Radio_Pockette_1-TP-2E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/RCA_Victor_Co._-Transistor_Radio_Pockette_1-TP-2E.jpg/330px-RCA_Victor_Co._-Transistor_Radio_Pockette_1-TP-2E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/RCA_Victor_Co._-Transistor_Radio_Pockette_1-TP-2E.jpg/440px-RCA_Victor_Co._-Transistor_Radio_Pockette_1-TP-2E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Receptor radio cu 6 tranzistoare, 1960</figcaption></figure> <p>Cea mai largă folosire a radioului o constituie <a href="/wiki/Radiodifuziune" title="Radiodifuziune">radiodifuziunea</a>, cu al său caz particular, și de mare amploare <a href="/wiki/Televiziune" title="Televiziune">televiziunea</a>. Totuși, domeniile principale ale radiocomunicațiilor, inclusiv cele spațiale, îl reprezintă în continuare radiotelegrafia și radiotelefonia. Un subdomeniu de largă prezență în radiodifuziune este constituit de tehnica redării cu înaltă fidelitate a sunetului. </p><p>Începuturile radioului s-au cristalizat in urma fenomenelor fizice, în special electrice, cercetate de pionierii acestei ramuri fascinante, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" title="André-Marie Ampère">Ampère</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Gilbert" title="William Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volta" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Volta">Volta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faraday" class="mw-disambig" title="Faraday">Faraday</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a>, sau <a href="/wiki/Cavendish" title="Cavendish">Cavendish</a>. Este unanim admis că primul care a fost în masură să realizeze o emisie și o recepție de unde radio a fost fizicianul german <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Hertz</a> în <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>, care s-a bazat pe propriile studii de fizică teoretică, la care s-au adăugat cele ale predecesorilor săi în special Maxwell. Un alt pionier care a contribuit la dezvoltarea radioului, a fost fizicianul rus <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Stepanovici_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Stepanovici Popov">Aleksandr Stepanovici Popov</a>, cu al său înregistrator de furtună, <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>, care a realizat primele recepții sistematice, fiind și cel căruia i se atribuie inventarea antenei. <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a>, sistematizând datele de până la el, a oferit lumii, în <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a> primul sistem practic de emisie si receptie bazat pe undele electromagnetice, bazat pe aparatul lui Tesla. Ulterior, în <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>, a fost recunoscută prioritatea savantului <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Tesla" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolae Tesla">Nicolae Tesla</a> asupra acestei invenții (<a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)(Tesla: „Marconi e un băiat bun. Lasă-l să continue. Folosește 17 din patentele mele”). Și totusi… SUA atribuie în 1865-1866 dr. Mahlon Loomis, un dentist din <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, realizarea primei transmisiuni fără fir, în statul Virginia de Vest prin eliberarea unui document oficial nr. 129971/30 iulie, și pune problema exploatării comerciale a fenomenului. Acestea au fost chiar înaintea experiențelor lui Hertz, și chiar a celebrului articol al lui Maxwell din revista <i>Philosophical Transactions</i> în anul 1865, care se intitula <i> “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field”</i>. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a> ia ființă primul serviciu telegrafic prin fir, între <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> și <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, dupa ideea pictorului american <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a>, iar din acel moment nu a mai ramas de făcut decât suprimarea cablului electric, ceea ce s-a și întâmplat câțiva ani mai târziu. În anul <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a> J.C. Maxwell demonstrează matematic existența undelor electromagnetice și posibilitatea acestora de a se propaga cu viteza luminii (300.000 km/s), întarind astfel ipoteza (nouă la vremea ei), că și lumina este tot o oscilație electromagnetică. În sfârșit, <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> reușește pentru prima dată să transmită o telegramă de 26 de cuvinte între <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glacebay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glacebay — pagină inexistentă">Glacebay</a> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poldhor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poldhor — pagină inexistentă">Poldhor</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a> (3122 km), punând astfel bazele unei realitați, <i>radiocomunicațiile</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Amfm3-en-de.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Amfm3-en-de.gif/220px-Amfm3-en-de.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Amfm3-en-de.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Un semnal radio cu amplitudine AM și FM</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funcționare"><span id="Func.C8.9Bionare"></span>Funcționare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Funcționare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Funcționare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Undele sonore sunt transformate de un <a href="/wiki/Microfon" title="Microfon">microfon</a> în <a href="/wiki/Impuls" title="Impuls">impulsuri</a> electrice. Acestea sunt suprapuse pe o undă radio (undă purtatoare), generată de un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oscilator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oscilator — pagină inexistentă">oscilator</a>. Unda radio combinată (modulată), este difuzată de o <a href="/wiki/Anten%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Antenă">antenă</a> montată pe un stâlp de transmisie. </p><p>Unda radiodifuzată este detectată de un <a href="/wiki/Radioreceptor" title="Radioreceptor">radioreceptor</a> acordat pe frecvența undei purtătoare. În receptor, impulsurile electrice ale undei sonore sunt separate de cele purtătoare cu ajutorul unui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demodulator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demodulator — pagină inexistentă">demodulator</a>, amplificate și transformate din nou în unde sonore, de un <a href="/wiki/Difuzor" title="Difuzor">difuzor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Echipament">Echipament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Echipament" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Echipament"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În realizarea unei transmisii radio intervin două tipuri de echipamente: echipament de emisie și echipament de recepție. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Echipament_de_emisie">Echipament de emisie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Echipament de emisie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Echipament de emisie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Echipamentul de emisie are rolul de a emite in eter informația utilă. Acesta, preia informația de voce sau alta sursă, printr-un microfon, o aplica unui amplificator pentru ai amplifica semnalul, iar apoi semnalul este direcționat catre un modulator. Aici are loc un amestec al semnalului util, cu un semnal de radiofrecvență, provenit de la un oscilator local. Din acest etaj, semnalul este injectat în etajul de radiofrecvență și apoi direct în antenă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Echipament_de_recepție"><span id="Echipament_de_recep.C8.9Bie"></span>Echipament de recepție</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Echipament de recepție" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Echipament de recepție"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>După ce semnalul a fost astfel transformat in radiație electromagnetică, intervine al doilea tip de echipament, cel mai cunoscut, și anume echipamentul de recepție sau mai pe scurt radioul. Aici, semnalul captat de antena receptorului, este demodulat, și apoi transmis unui amplificator de joasă frecvență. <a href="/wiki/Difuzor" title="Difuzor">Difuzorul</a> este ultimul element care mai intervine între radioreceptor si urechea umană. </p><p>După tipul de modulație al undei electromagnetice, întâlnim două tipuri de modulație. Această frecvență modulatoare este asigurată de oscilatorul local al echipamentului din care face parte. Întâlnim <i><a href="/wiki/Modula%C8%9Bie_de_amplitudine" title="Modulație de amplitudine">Modulație de amplitudine</a></i> (<b>AM</b> - din eng. <b>a</b>mplitude <b>m</b>odulation), și <i><a href="/wiki/Modula%C8%9Bie_%C3%AEn_frecven%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Modulație în frecvență">Modulație în frecvență</a></i> (<b>FM</b> - din eng. <b>f</b>requency <b>m</b>odulation). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frecvențe_radio"><span id="Frecven.C8.9Be_radio"></span>Frecvențe radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Frecvențe radio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Frecvențe radio"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spectrul de <a href="/wiki/Spectru_radio_(frecven%C8%9Be)" title="Spectru radio (frecvențe)">frecvențe radio</a> (spectrul radio) reprezintă acea porțiune a spectrului electromagnetic ce cuprinde undele ale căror frecvențe sunt cuprinse între 1 Hz și 3000 GHz. </p><p>Conform Regulamentului radiocomunicațiilor al Uniunii Internaționale a Telecomunicațiilor (UIT), spectrul de frecvențe radio se împarte în 12 game de frecvențe: </p> <ul><li><b>ELF</b> - de la 3 Hz la 30 Hz (din eng. <b>e</b>xtremely <b>l</b>ow <b>f</b>requency - frecvențe extra joase),</li> <li><b>SLF</b> - de la 30 Hz la 300 Hz (din eng. <b>s</b>uper <b>l</b>ow <b>f</b>requency - frecvențe super joase),</li> <li><b>ULF</b> - de la 300 Hz la 3000 Hz (3 kHz) (din eng. <b>u</b>ltra <b>l</b>ow <b>f</b>requency - frecvențe ultra joase),</li> <li><b>VLF</b> - de la 3 kHz la 30 kHz (din eng. <b>v</b>ery <b>l</b>ow <b>f</b>requency - frecvențe foarte joase),</li> <li><b>LF</b> - de la 30 kHz la 300 kHz (din eng. <b>l</b>ow <b>f</b>requency - frecvențe joase),</li> <li><b>MF</b> - de la 300 kHz la 3000 kHz (3 MHz) (din eng. <b>m</b>edium <b>f</b>requency - frecvențe medii),</li> <li><b>HF</b> - de la 3 MHz la 30 MHz (din eng. <b>h</b>igh <b>f</b>requency - frecvențe înalte),</li> <li><b>VHF</b> - de la 30 MHz la 300 MHz (din eng. <b>v</b>ery <b>h</b>igh <b>f</b>requency - frecvențe foarte înalte),</li> <li><b>UHF</b> - de la 300 MHz la 3000 MHz (3 GHz) (din eng. <b>u</b>ltra <b>h</b>igh <b>f</b>requency - frecvențe ultra înalte),</li> <li><b>SHF</b> - de la 3 GHz la 30 GHz (din eng. <b>s</b>uper <b>h</b>igh <b>f</b>requency - frecvențe super înalte),</li> <li><b>EHF</b> – de la 30 GHz la 300 GHz (din eng. <b>e</b>xtremely <b>h</b>igh <b>f</b>requency - frecvențe extra înalte),</li> <li><b>THz</b> sau <b>THF</b> – de la 300 GHz la 3000 GHz (din eng. <b>t</b>era<b>h</b>ert<b>z</b> sau <b>t</b>remendously <b>h</b>igh <b>f</b>requency). <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizări_ale_radioului"><span id="Utiliz.C4.83ri_ale_radioului"></span>Utilizări ale radioului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Utilizări ale radioului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizări ale radioului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:ICOM_IC-A200_a%C3%A9ro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/ICOM_IC-A200_a%C3%A9ro.jpg/220px-ICOM_IC-A200_a%C3%A9ro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/ICOM_IC-A200_a%C3%A9ro.jpg/330px-ICOM_IC-A200_a%C3%A9ro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/ICOM_IC-A200_a%C3%A9ro.jpg/440px-ICOM_IC-A200_a%C3%A9ro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>Emițător-receptor radio aeronautic</figcaption></figure> <p>Cele mai importante și utilizate servicii ale radioului (radiocomunicațiile) sunt: </p> <ul><li>mobil: <a href="/wiki/Telefonie_mobil%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Telefonie mobilă">terestru</a>, mobil maritim și mobil maritim prin <a href="/wiki/Satelit" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Satelit">satelit</a>, mobil aeronautic și mobil aeronautic prin satelit, mobil terestru prin satelit</li> <li>radiodifuziune sonoră și <a href="/wiki/Televiziune" title="Televiziune">televiziune</a>,</li> <li>fix: terestru, prin satelit,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioloca%C8%9Bie" title="Radiolocație">radiolocație</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionaviga%C8%9Bie" title="Radionavigație">radionavigație</a> maritimă și aeronautică,</li> <li>auxiliar <a href="/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie">meteorologic</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radio_digital">Radio digital</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Radio digital" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Radio digital"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Digital_Radio_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Digital_Radio_Logo.svg/130px-Digital_Radio_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Digital_Radio_Logo.svg/195px-Digital_Radio_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Digital_Radio_Logo.svg/260px-Digital_Radio_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="957" /></a><figcaption>Logo radio digital</figcaption></figure> <p>Spre deosebire de radio analog (<b>AM</b> sau <b>FM</b>), radioul digital (numit și radioul numeric) trimite un sunet care este mai întâi scanat și apoi comprimat în funcție de diferitele tehnologii, înainte să fie transmis prin optimizarea lățimii de bandă. Acest semnal digital poate fi difuzat în timp real (<a href="/wiki/Streaming" title="Streaming">streaming</a>) sau înregistrat și pus la dispoziție după o anumită perioadă de timp (<a href="/wiki/Podcasting" title="Podcasting">podcasting</a>). Tehnica numerică de transmisie permite fluxuri audio importante cu debite ce pot atinge până la 1,7 Mbits pe secundă. </p><p>Există două moduri de radiodifuziune digitală: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_pe_internet" title="Radio pe internet">radio pe internet</a>: semnalul este efectuat de către rețelele de <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. Acesta poate fi primit de la orice terminal conectat la Internet prin orice tip de cititor în funcție de formatul „stream” (<a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Media_Audio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windows Media Audio — pagină inexistentă">WMA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Audio Coding — pagină inexistentă">AAC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ogg" title="Ogg">Ogg</a>).</li> <li>terestru: similar cu <a href="/wiki/Televiziune_digital%C4%83" title="Televiziune digitală">televiziunea digitală</a> terestră, păstrează principiul unei frecvențe alocate la postul de radio, dar frecvența este unică la nivel național. Radioul digital terestru, pentru a putea fi recepționat, necesită un radioreceptor capabil sa transforme semnalul digital recepționat în semnal analogic.</li></ul> <p>Principalele tipuri de transmisiuni digitale radio terestre folosite în prezent sunt DAB (<a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">Digital Audio Broadcasting</a>), DRM (<a href="/wiki/Digital_Radio_Mondiale" title="Digital Radio Mondiale">Digital Radio Mondiale</a>), SDR (standard pentru radiodifuziune prin satelit) și <a href="/wiki/HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">HD Radio</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">ancom.org.ro: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancom.org.ro/spectru-radio_2749">Spectru Radio - Considerații generale</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radioamatorism" title="Radioamatorism">Radioamatorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocomunica%C8%9Bie" title="Radiocomunicație">Radiocomunicație</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodifuziune" title="Radiodifuziune">Radiodifuziune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodistribu%C8%9Bie" title="Radiodistribuție">Radiodistribuție</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioemi%C8%9B%C4%83tor" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioemițător">Radioemițător</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioficare" title="Radioficare">Radioficare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiofonie" title="Radiofonie">Radiofonie</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiofrecven%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Radiofrecvență">Radiofrecvență</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioghidaj" title="Radioghidaj">Radioghidaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiogoniometrie" title="Radiogoniometrie">Radiogoniometrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiogram%C4%83" title="Radiogramă">Radiogramă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiolocator" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiolocator">Radiolocator</a> - <a href="/wiki/RADAR" title="RADAR">RADAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioloca%C8%9Bie" title="Radiolocație">Radiolocație</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionaviga%C8%9Bie" title="Radionavigație">Radionavigație</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radioreceptor" title="Radioreceptor">Radioreceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioreceptor_de_trafic" title="Radioreceptor de trafic">Radioreceptor de trafic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioreleu" title="Radioreleu">Radioreleu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioreperaj" title="Radioreperaj">Radioreperaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotehnic%C4%83" title="Radiotehnică">Radiotehnică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelefon" title="Radiotelefon">Radiotelefon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelefonie" title="Radiotelefonie">Radiotelefonie</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelegrafie" title="Radiotelegrafie">Radiotelegrafie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unde_radio" title="Unde radio">Unde radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_pe_internet" title="Radio pe internet">Radio pe internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatru_radiofonic" title="Teatru radiofonic">Teatru radiofonic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_audio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital audio — pagină inexistentă">Digital audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_pirat" title="Radio pirat">Radio pirat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Software-defined_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Software-defined Radio — pagină inexistentă">Software-defined Radio</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>„Radiorecepția A-Z - mică enciclopedie pentru tineret”</i>, Editura Albatros, 1982</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Radio?uselang=ro">radio</a></b></span></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jurnalul.ro/jurnalul-national/istorie-pe-unde-radio-316954.htm">Istorie pe unde radio</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup>, 4 octombrie 2008, Adela Cristina Teodorescu, <i>Jurnalul Național</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/07/did-the-titanic-disaster-let-uncle-sam-take-over-the-airwaves/">How the Titanic disaster pushed Uncle Sam to “rule the air”</a>, 7 iulie 2011, Matthew Lasar, <i>Ars Technica</i></li></ul> <div role="navigation" 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