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href="#Evolving_security_challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Evolving security challenges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolving_security_challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_procurement_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_procurement_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Future procurement plans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_procurement_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Organisation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organisation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Command_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Command structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Command_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Operating forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engineering_and_Logistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineering_and_Logistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Engineering and Logistics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engineering_and_Logistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Training </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_fleet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_fleet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Current fleet </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_fleet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Current fleet subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Current_fleet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Frigates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frigates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Frigates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frigates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Littoral_mission_vessels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Littoral_mission_vessels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Littoral mission vessels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Littoral_mission_vessels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tank_landing_ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tank_landing_ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Tank landing ships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tank_landing_ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mine_countermeasures_vessels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mine_countermeasures_vessels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Mine countermeasures vessels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mine_countermeasures_vessels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submarines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submarines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Submarines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submarines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archer_class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archer_class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 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<li id="toc-Historical_fleet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_fleet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Historical fleet </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_fleet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Historical fleet subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_fleet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Missile_gunboats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missile_gunboats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Missile gunboats </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missile_gunboats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patrol_vessels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patrol_vessels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Patrol vessels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patrol_vessels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Challenger_class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenger_class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Challenger class </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challenger_class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Bases </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bases subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tuas_Naval_Base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuas_Naval_Base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Tuas Naval Base </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuas_Naval_Base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RSS_Singapura_Changi_Naval_Base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RSS_Singapura_Changi_Naval_Base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 RSS Singapura Changi Naval Base </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RSS_Singapura_Changi_Naval_Base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Naval service branch of the Singapore Armed Forces</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Republic of Singapore Navy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Angkatan Laut Republik Singapura (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>) 新加坡海军部队 (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>) சிங்கப்பூர் கடல் படை (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_Crest.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_Crest.svg/200px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_Crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_Crest.svg/300px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_Crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_Crest.svg/400px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_Crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="287" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Crest of the Republic of Singapore Navy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">5 May 1967; 57 years ago (1967-05-05)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Naval warfare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">4,000 active personnel<a href="#cite_note-IISS1-1">[1]</a> 5,000 reserve personnel<a href="#cite_note-IISS1-1">[1]</a> 40 ships</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces" title="Singapore Armed Forces">Singapore Armed Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Changi_Naval_Base" title="Changi Naval Base">Changi Naval Base</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">"Beyond Horizons"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data">"Republic of Singapore Navy March"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Ships</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>32 surface ships</li><li>6 submarines</li><li>1 <a href="/wiki/MV_Swift_Rescue" title="MV Swift Rescue">submarine support and rescue vessel</a></li><li>1 training ship<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div>See list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Thunderstorm" title="Operation Thunderstorm">Operation Thunderstorm</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Force_East_Timor" title="International Force East Timor">International Force East Timor</a> <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_response_to_the_2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake#Asia_and_Oceania" title="Humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake">Operation Flying Eagle</a> <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq#List_of_countries_in_the_coalition" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multi-National Force – Iraq</a> <a href="/wiki/Combined_Task_Force_150" title="Combined Task Force 150">Combined Task Force 150</a> <a href="/wiki/Combined_Task_Force_151" title="Combined Task Force 151">Combined Task Force 151</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/navy">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Singapore" title="President of Singapore">President of Singapore</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Singapore)" title="Ministry of Defence (Singapore)">Minister for Defence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ng_Eng_Hen" title="Ng Eng Hen">Ng Eng Hen</a><a href="#cite_note-Leadership_MINDEF-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Force_(Singapore)" title="Chief of Defence Force (Singapore)">Chief of Defence Force</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">VADM</a> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Beng" title="Aaron Beng">Aaron Beng</a><a href="#cite_note-Leadership_MINDEF-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Navy_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of the Navy (Singapore)">Chief of Navy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral" title="Rear admiral">RADM</a> <a href="/wiki/Sean_Wat" title="Sean Wat">Sean Wat</a><a href="#cite_note-Leadership_MINDEF-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Master Chief Navy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces_ranks#Military_experts" title="Singapore Armed Forces ranks">ME6</a> Richard Goh<a href="#cite_note-Leadership_MINDEF-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Pennant_(commissioning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennant (commissioning)">Pennant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Commissioning_Pennant_of_Singapore.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Commissioning_Pennant_of_Singapore.svg/125px-Commissioning_Pennant_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Commissioning_Pennant_of_Singapore.svg/188px-Commissioning_Pennant_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Commissioning_Pennant_of_Singapore.svg/250px-Commissioning_Pennant_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="144" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_ensign" title="Naval ensign">Ensign</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_Singapore.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Naval_Ensign_of_Singapore.svg/125px-Naval_Ensign_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Naval_Ensign_of_Singapore.svg/188px-Naval_Ensign_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Naval_Ensign_of_Singapore.svg/250px-Naval_Ensign_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_jack" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval jack">Jack</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Singapore.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/125px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/188px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/250px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Military_colours,_standards_and_guidons#Singapore" title="Military colours, standards and guidons">State Colour</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:State_colour_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore_Navy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/State_colour_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore_Navy.svg/125px-State_colour_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/State_colour_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore_Navy.svg/188px-State_colour_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/State_colour_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore_Navy.svg/250px-State_colour_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="258" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Logo</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c5/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_logo.svg/150px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c5/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_logo.svg/225px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c5/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_logo.svg/300px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="368" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> The Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) is the <a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">maritime</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">service branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces" title="Singapore Armed Forces">Singapore Armed Forces</a> (SAF) responsible for defending the country against any seaborne threats and as a guarantor of its <a href="/wiki/Sea_lines_of_communication" title="Sea lines of communication">sea lines of communications</a>. The RSN traces its origins to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> when Singapore was still a <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">crown colony</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. The service was formally established in 1967, two years after its independence from Malaysia in 1965, and had undergone a substantial modernisation ever since – which has led them into becoming the most powerful navy in Southeast Asia.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Herbert-BurnsAntrim2012-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The RSN also regularly conducts operations with the navies of its neighbouring countries to combat <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Strait_of_Malacca" title="Piracy in the Strait of Malacca">piracy</a> and terrorist threats in the congested <a href="/wiki/Littoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Littoral">littoral</a> waters of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a> and Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> It also jointly operates the <a href="/wiki/Fokker_50" title="Fokker 50">Fokker 50</a> maritime patrol aircraft with its counterparts from the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">Republic of Singapore Air Force</a> (RSAF) to provide air surveillance of the seaward approaches to Singapore, which is one of the busiest sealanes in the world.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The RSN has engaged in international anti-piracy operations further abroad, partaking in the multinational <a href="/wiki/Combined_Task_Force_151" title="Combined Task Force 151">Combined Task Force 151</a> off the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a>. Though numerically small in comparison to its much larger neighbours in terms of tonnage and manpower reserves, the RSN counteracts by continuously seeking to maintain a qualitative superiority over any adversary through the implementation of new technologies, fostering of alliances with extra-regional navies, and increased reliance on automation and unmanned assets.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> This has made the RSN one of the most sophisticated and well trained navies in the region. In addition, bilateral exercises with foreign navies are also held regularly.<a href="#cite_note-rsn50book-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-rsn40book-13">[13]</a> All commissioned ships of the RSN have the <a href="/wiki/Ship_prefix" title="Ship prefix">ship prefix</a> RSS standing for Republic of Singapore Ship. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The economy and defence are closely interlinked... We need the sea lanes to Singapore to be opened; hence a capable navy is crucial.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Founding Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></cite></div></blockquote> As an island nation, the RSN forms part of Singapore's first line of defence. Its stated mission objectives are to:<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <ul><li>Protect Singapore's sealine of communications and contribute to regional peace and security.</li> <li>Maintain continuous surveillance on the Singapore Strait to prevent sea robberies, piracy, terrorism and unwanted incursions during peacetime.</li> <li>Work to secure a swift and decisive victory over any enemy at sea during war.</li> <li>Conduct diplomacy by exercising with foreign navies and taking part in international operations for peace support, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_and_pre-independence_era">Colonial and pre-independence era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial and pre-independence era">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Navy#Straits_Settlement_Royal_Naval_Volunteer_Reserve" title="Royal Malaysian Navy">Royal Malaysian Navy § Straits Settlement Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1917_HMS_Laburnum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/1917_HMS_Laburnum.jpg/220px-1917_HMS_Laburnum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/1917_HMS_Laburnum.jpg/330px-1917_HMS_Laburnum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/1917_HMS_Laburnum.jpg/440px-1917_HMS_Laburnum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="757" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMS_Laburnum" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Laburnum">HMS Laburnum</a> served in the SSRNVR until she was scuttled during the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">fall of Singapore</a> in World War II.</figcaption></figure> The Republic of Singapore Navy traces its origins to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> in the 1930s with only two patrol craft. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Straits_Settlements_Royal_Naval_Volunteer_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Straits Settlements Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (page does not exist)">Straits Settlements Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve</a> (SSRNVR) was established on 27 April 1934, and in 1941 became the Singaporean division of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Navy#Post_World_War_II_-_Formation_of_the_Malayan_Naval_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Navy">Malayan Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve</a> (MRNVR) during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-acountrystudy-16">[16]</a> The service received several 75' motor launches built locally by <a href="/wiki/John_I._Thornycroft_%26_Company" title="John I. Thornycroft & Company">John I. Thornycroft & Company</a> Shipyard in Tanjong Rhu: HMS Pahlawan and the first HMS Panglima in 1937; the latter would later be sunk during the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">fall of Singapore</a> in February 1942. A new 90' motor vessel bearing the name Panglima was launched in 1944, but upon its transfer to the MRNVR in 1948, proved unsuited for tropical waters and began deteriorating rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-snvf-17">[17]</a> In 1948, the Malayan Force was raised by the Singaporean government, and was later granted the title of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Malayan_Navy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Malayan Navy (page does not exist)">Royal Malayan Navy</a> in 1952 in recognition of its services in action during the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>. The third and final Panglima was launched in January 1956 to replace the second vessel. Being more technologically advanced than her predecessors, she became an indispensable part of the local fleet.<a href="#cite_note-snvf-17">[17]</a> On 16 September 1963, Singapore was admitted as a state of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> under the terms of confederation and the Royal Malayan Navy was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Navy" title="Royal Malaysian Navy">Royal Malaysian Navy</a>. The Singapore division of the MRNVR was formally transferred from the command of the Royal Navy to the Royal Malaysian Navy on 22 September 1963, becoming the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Volunteer_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singapore Volunteer Force (page does not exist)">Singapore Volunteer Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-acountrystudy-16">[16]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a>, Singapore-based ships were charged with defending the southern border against infiltrators and saboteurs, and also undertook local minor engagements against the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Navy" title="Indonesian Navy">Indonesian Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rsn50book-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_of_Singapore">Independence of Singapore</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Independence of Singapore">edit</a>]</div> On 9 August 1965, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Singapore#1965–present:_Republic_of_Singapore" title="History of Singapore">Singapore seceded from Malaysia</a> to form an independent republic inside the Commonwealth. The SVF became the de facto naval force of the new state, though it remained under the command of the Royal Malaysian Navy. Three ships remained in Singapore after separation: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_minelayer_Wakataka" title="Japanese minelayer Wakataka">KD Singapura</a>, a captured Japanese minelayer; KD Bedok, a patrol boat from Malaysia; and KD Panglima, the former Royal Navy inshore patrol boat built in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-20">[a]</a> Panglima was recommissioned as a Singaporean ship on 1 January 1966.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> On 1 February, the service ceased to be under Malaysia and became the Singapore Naval Volunteer Force (SNVF); Bedok and Singapura were also recommissioned and the latter became a floating headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-snvf-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Now that the new white ensign of our own young country will fly here and in our ships, I hope that you will all remember that its reputation is in your hands.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Executive Officer Jaswant Singh Gill inaugurating the SNVF on 5 May 1967 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telok_Ayer_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telok Ayer Basin (page does not exist)">Telok Ayer Basin</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_port_bow_view_of_the_Singapore_training_ship_RSS_PANGLIMA_(P-68)_underway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_port_bow_view_of_the_Singapore_training_ship_RSS_PANGLIMA_%28P-68%29_underway.jpg/220px-A_port_bow_view_of_the_Singapore_training_ship_RSS_PANGLIMA_%28P-68%29_underway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_port_bow_view_of_the_Singapore_training_ship_RSS_PANGLIMA_%28P-68%29_underway.jpg/330px-A_port_bow_view_of_the_Singapore_training_ship_RSS_PANGLIMA_%28P-68%29_underway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_port_bow_view_of_the_Singapore_training_ship_RSS_PANGLIMA_%28P-68%29_underway.jpg/440px-A_port_bow_view_of_the_Singapore_training_ship_RSS_PANGLIMA_%28P-68%29_underway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/RSS_Panglima" title="RSS Panglima">RSS Panglima</a>, first ship of the RSN, underway in 1988 as a <a href="/wiki/Training_ship" title="Training ship">training ship</a>; she was decommissioned in 1991.</figcaption></figure> A new naval ensign was hoisted at the Telok Ayer Basin for the first time on 5 May 1967 and is marked as the day of the Navy's official establishment.<a href="#cite_note-25">[b]</a> In September, the service was renamed the People's Defence Force – Sea and placed under the Sea Defence Command, with the command being thereafter renamed the Maritime Command in December.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> The name changes reflected the internal restructuring within the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces" title="Singapore Armed Forces">Singapore Armed Forces</a> and the growing realisation that maritime security was a crucial element to national security.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> Headquarters was shifted ashore to <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Belakang_Mati" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulau Belakang Mati">Pulau Belakang Mati</a> in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> In order to develop local expertise in <a href="/wiki/Seamanship" title="Seamanship">seamanship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naval_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval engineering">naval engineering</a>, 160 naval recruits underwent training by <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Navy" title="Royal New Zealand Navy">Royal New Zealand Navy</a> instructors in 1969. At the same time, aspiring officers were sent overseas to learn from established navies in Australia, Britain, Canada and New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-aboutourhistory-30">[28]</a> The Maritime Command launched an expansion program with the objectives of combating sea robberies and smuggling, and improving seaward <a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">power projection</a>. In June 1968, six <a href="/wiki/Independence-class_patrol_craft" title="Independence-class patrol craft">Independence-class</a> patrol crafts were purchased and commissioned between 1970 and 1972, marking the first purpose-built ships the Navy possessed. Part of the urgency stemmed from British prime minister <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>'s intention to withdraw British troops <a href="/wiki/East_of_Suez" title="East of Suez">East of Suez</a> by 1971, which would leave a security vacuum, though a smaller British presence eventually remained under the <a href="/wiki/Five_Power_Defence_Arrangements" title="Five Power Defence Arrangements">Five Power Defence Arrangements</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> Growing constraints and strategic need for a base located nearer to the strait was solved by the opening of <a href="/wiki/Brani_Naval_Base" title="Brani Naval Base">Brani Naval Base</a> in December 1974.<a href="#cite_note-aboutourhistory-30">[28]</a> The foresight was validated a few weeks later when terrorists from the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Red_Army" title="Japanese Red Army">Japanese Red Army</a> attacked an oil complex on <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Bukom" title="Pulau Bukom">Pulau Bukom</a> and hijacked the <a href="/wiki/Laju_incident" title="Laju incident">Laju ferry</a>. Four vessels, RSS Sea Hawk, RSS Independence, RSS Sovereignty and RSS Daring together with the Marine Police, were able to surround the fleeing ferry and prevent it from escaping.<a href="#cite_note-aboutourhistory-30">[28]</a> Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Aeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Aeria (page does not exist)">James Aeria</a> would be the final commander of the Maritime Command.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> On 1 April 1975, the Maritime Command was renamed the Republic of Singapore Navy as part of the reorganisation of the Singapore Armed Forces into three distinct services, and has kept the name ever since.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fleet_modernisation">Fleet modernisation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fleet modernisation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_of_Swift-class_coastal_patrol_craft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Model_of_Swift-class_coastal_patrol_craft.jpg/220px-Model_of_Swift-class_coastal_patrol_craft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Model_of_Swift-class_coastal_patrol_craft.jpg/330px-Model_of_Swift-class_coastal_patrol_craft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Model_of_Swift-class_coastal_patrol_craft.jpg/440px-Model_of_Swift-class_coastal_patrol_craft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3746" data-file-height="2810" /></a><figcaption>Model of a Swift-class coastal patrol craft</figcaption></figure> The RSN was the first navy in the region to successfully fire a live anti-ship missile when RSS Sea Wolf fired two <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_(missile)" title="Gabriel (missile)">Gabriel missiles</a> in March 1974.<a href="#cite_note-seawolf-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-makingwaves-36">[34]</a> From 1975 to 1976, six Sea Wolf-class missile gunboats were commissioned, which proved vital during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Thunderstorm" title="Operation Thunderstorm">Operation Thunderstorm</a> when they were deployed to patrol and apprehend the influx of <a href="/wiki/Boat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat people">boat people</a> fleeing the fall of <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>. In order to support sealift operations, six <a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship,_Tank" title="Landing Ship, Tank">County-class</a> tank landing ships were purchased from the United States; these were popularly referred to as dollars ships due to the price ($1) paid for each vessel. Two <a href="/wiki/Adjutant-class_minesweeper" title="Adjutant-class minesweeper">Bluebird-class</a> minesweepers were also transferred from the United States to combat the threat of <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mine warfare</a> within the narrow and shallow channels of the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Strait" title="Singapore Strait">Singapore Strait</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rsn50book-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-tracingorigins-37">[35]</a> Prior to this, the SAF Diving Center had already been established in 1971 to train the first batch of <a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">frogman</a> recruits in conducting underwater <a href="/wiki/Demining" title="Demining">mine disposal</a> operations.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> In 1975, the service was reformed as the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Diving_Unit_(Singapore)" title="Naval Diving Unit (Singapore)">Naval Diving Unit</a> and based at <a href="/wiki/Sembawang#Sembawang_Camp" title="Sembawang">Sembawang Camp</a>, where it remains.<a href="#cite_note-aboutourhistory-30">[28]</a> During the latter half of the decade, the increased operational demands and rate of patrols led the Navy to seek three additional missile gunboats and an upgrade to the <a href="/wiki/Harpoon_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Harpoon missile">Harpoon missile</a> for the existing fleet under Project Albatross. Due to budgetary constraints in the early 1980s, Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Howe_Yoon_Chong" title="Howe Yoon Chong">Howe Yoon Chong</a> decided to allocate more funds to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">Air Force</a> for the acquisition of a squadron of <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16s</a>; the fighter jets were deemed to possess a higher strategic strike value and capable of more diverse roles compared to ships. Howe claimed the Navy's function was best relegated to coastal defence and suggested mounting <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_20_mm_cannon" title="Oerlikon 20 mm cannon">Oerlikon guns</a> on towed barges as a replacement to guard the nation's maritime borders.<a href="#cite_note-rsn50book-12">[12]</a> Nevertheless, the reduced budget was still sufficient to commission twelve <a href="/wiki/Swift-class_patrol_craft" title="Swift-class patrol craft">Swift-class</a> coastal patrol craft which freed the missile gunboats from daily patrols for more strategic operations.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BRAVO_PIER_no._21._Starboard_bow_view_of_the_new_Singapore_tank_landing_ship_RSS_ENDURANCE_(LST_207)_tied_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/BRAVO_PIER_no._21._Starboard_bow_view_of_the_new_Singapore_tank_landing_ship_RSS_ENDURANCE_%28LST_207%29_tied_up.jpg/220px-BRAVO_PIER_no._21._Starboard_bow_view_of_the_new_Singapore_tank_landing_ship_RSS_ENDURANCE_%28LST_207%29_tied_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/BRAVO_PIER_no._21._Starboard_bow_view_of_the_new_Singapore_tank_landing_ship_RSS_ENDURANCE_%28LST_207%29_tied_up.jpg/330px-BRAVO_PIER_no._21._Starboard_bow_view_of_the_new_Singapore_tank_landing_ship_RSS_ENDURANCE_%28LST_207%29_tied_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/BRAVO_PIER_no._21._Starboard_bow_view_of_the_new_Singapore_tank_landing_ship_RSS_ENDURANCE_%28LST_207%29_tied_up.jpg/440px-BRAVO_PIER_no._21._Starboard_bow_view_of_the_new_Singapore_tank_landing_ship_RSS_ENDURANCE_%28LST_207%29_tied_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2859" data-file-height="1914" /></a><figcaption>RSS Endurance berthed at Pearl Harbor while en route to Fleet Week 2000 in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>; she was the first RSN ship to circumnavigate the globe.</figcaption></figure> With the Navy being the lowest priority among the three services, it saw little hope of an expanded fleet with a larger stake in Singapore's defence and many people left the service. This created a "crisis of confidence" within the RSN in the next few years, which defence planners regarded as lacking a proper doctrine for existence beyond patrols and tackling illegal immigration. It was not until 1984 that naval officials convinced the government of the necessity of a seagoing fleet to secure the nation's <a href="/wiki/Sea_lines_of_communication" title="Sea lines of communication">sea lines of communication</a> in the Malacca Strait and South China Sea, both of which lead to the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Singapore" title="Port of Singapore">Port of Singapore</a>; a major contributor to the economy.<a href="#cite_note-rsn50book-12">[12]</a> To combat the growing technological obsolescence and decline in morale, the government launched the "Navy 2000" program. The service underwent an internal restructuring with the formation of the Coastal Command (COSCOM) in 1988 and the Fleet in 1989, formalising the responsibilities of each class of ship.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> Between 1990 and 2001, the resurgent navy acquired six Victory-class missile corvettes, twelve Fearless-class patrol vessels, four Endurance-class landing ship tanks and also commissioned four secondhand Challenger-class submarines from Sweden to hone its underwater domain skills.<a href="#cite_note-rsn50book-12">[12]</a> In 1979, Malaysia published a map laying claim to <a href="/wiki/Pedra_Branca,_Singapore" title="Pedra Branca, Singapore">Pedra Branca</a>, an offshore island controlled by Singapore. The resultant <a href="/wiki/Pedra_Branca_dispute" title="Pedra Branca dispute">Pedra Branca dispute</a> lasted 29 years until 2008 when the island was awarded to Singapore by the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>, during which the Navy was heavily involved in patrols and maintained an active presence in the waters surrounding the island.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> In January 2003, <a href="/wiki/RSS_Courageous" title="RSS Courageous">RSS Courageous</a> collided with a merchant vessel within the vicinity of Pedra Branca during a patrol, resulting in four casualties and the first ship to be stricken as a total loss.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> As a result of the accident, additional safety measures were implemented and the training program enhanced, including the requirement for all officers to better understand the manoeuvring characteristics of their ship and take a <a href="/wiki/International_Regulations_for_Preventing_Collisions_at_Sea" title="International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea">COLREGs</a> test every six months.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> The RSN had also participated in <a href="/wiki/Military_operations_other_than_war" title="Military operations other than war">operations other than war</a> within Southeast Asia and abroad. The Navy deployed its Bedok-class mine-countermeasure vessels to search the <a href="/wiki/Musi_River_(Indonesia)" title="Musi River (Indonesia)">Musi River</a> for <a href="/wiki/SilkAir_Flight_185" title="SilkAir Flight 185">SilkAir Flight 185</a>; served as part of the Australian-led <a href="/wiki/International_Force_East_Timor" title="International Force East Timor">International Force East Timor</a> to address the humanitarian and security crisis in the aftermath of the territory's referendum for independence in 1999; deployed three ships to provide humanitarian assistance and emergency aid to the Indonesian town of <a href="/wiki/Meulaboh" title="Meulaboh">Meulaboh</a> in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake">2004 Indian Ocean earthquake</a>;<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> and was part of the <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multi-National Force – Iraq</a> coalition force maintaining maritime security around key Iraqi installations in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-makingwaves-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolving_security_challenges">Evolving security challenges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Evolving security challenges">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_100716-N-0995C-155_The_Singapore_navy_guided-missile_frigate_RSS_Steadfast_(FFG_70)_and_the_corvette_RSS_Vigilance_(90)_are_underway_during_Cooperation_Afloat_Readiness_and_Training_(CARAT)_Singapore_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/US_Navy_100716-N-0995C-155_The_Singapore_navy_guided-missile_frigate_RSS_Steadfast_%28FFG_70%29_and_the_corvette_RSS_Vigilance_%2890%29_are_underway_during_Cooperation_Afloat_Readiness_and_Training_%28CARAT%29_Singapore_2010.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/US_Navy_100716-N-0995C-155_The_Singapore_navy_guided-missile_frigate_RSS_Steadfast_%28FFG_70%29_and_the_corvette_RSS_Vigilance_%2890%29_are_underway_during_Cooperation_Afloat_Readiness_and_Training_%28CARAT%29_Singapore_2010.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/US_Navy_100716-N-0995C-155_The_Singapore_navy_guided-missile_frigate_RSS_Steadfast_%28FFG_70%29_and_the_corvette_RSS_Vigilance_%2890%29_are_underway_during_Cooperation_Afloat_Readiness_and_Training_%28CARAT%29_Singapore_2010.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>RSS Steadfast and RSS Vigilance sailing line abreast during CARAT Singapore 2010.</figcaption></figure> The Coastal Command was revamped in 2009 into the Maritime Security Task Force to improve coordination between national maritime agencies such as the <a href="/wiki/Police_Coast_Guard" title="Police Coast Guard">Police Coast Guard</a> and harbour authorities. Between 2007 and 2020, the RSN has introduced new Archer-class submarines, Formidable-class frigates and Independence-class littoral mission vessels to its fleet to enhance its deterrence amidst rising tensions in the surrounding seas. Unmanned assets such as the Specialised Marine Craft patrol boat and <a href="/wiki/Protector_USV" title="Protector USV">Protector USV</a> have been commissioned to combat the personnel shortfall in Singapore due to falling birthrates.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> The RSN has engaged in multilateral anti-piracy operations in the Malacca Strait with neighbouring nations;<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> and in the Gulf of Aden and Horn of Africa under the multinational naval <a href="/wiki/Combined_Task_Force_151" title="Combined Task Force 151">Combined Task Force 151</a>, taking command of the task force thrice;<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-usv2019-54">[52]</a> It participated in both the search for <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Airlines_Flight_370" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Airlines Flight 370">MH Flight 370</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_AirAsia_Flight_8501" title="Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501">QZ Flight 8501</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Karimata_Strait" title="Karimata Strait">Karimata Strait</a> in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-mh370-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-qz8501-57">[55]</a> In an analysis of the SAF humanitarian response to <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Haiyan" title="Typhoon Haiyan">Typhoon Haiyan</a> in 2013, Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Ng_Eng_Hen" title="Ng Eng Hen">Ng Eng Hen</a> noted that the disruption of communications on the ground underscored the need for a platform which could provide "centralised ability for command and control" in the air.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> The RSN celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2017 and hosted an international fleet review, with twenty nations participating.<a href="#cite_note-imr-24">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuas_maritime_dispute.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tuas_maritime_dispute.png/220px-Tuas_maritime_dispute.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tuas_maritime_dispute.png/330px-Tuas_maritime_dispute.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tuas_maritime_dispute.png/440px-Tuas_maritime_dispute.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Tuas maritime dispute showing Malaysia's new claims going beyond its 1979 maritime line.</figcaption></figure> In October 2018, Malaysia extended its Johor Bahru port limits past its 1979 maritime claims into waters off the reclaimed Tuas sector which Singapore claims as its own. Singapore responded by extending its port limits to overlap with Malaysia's new port limits. As Malaysia deployed elements of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysia Coast Guard">Malaysia Coast Guard</a> and government ships to enforce their claims, the RSN's littoral mission vessels were stationed on location 24/7 with the <a href="/wiki/Police_Coast_Guard" title="Police Coast Guard">Police Coast Guard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> Both side eventually suspended the overlapping port limits and withdrew from the area following successful negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> The Navy underwent a comprehensive restructuring in June 2020 which dissolved all the existing squadrons, reorganising each class of ship into its separate flotilla. The <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Security_Task_Force" title="Maritime Security Task Force">Maritime Security Task Force</a> was restructured, with the newly created Sea Security Group and Force Protection Group placed under it.<a href="#cite_note-2020restructure-62">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_procurement_plans">Future procurement plans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Future procurement plans">edit</a>]</div> The RSN launched its first newly built Invincible-class submarine in 2019, with the second and third submarines RSS Impeccable and RSS Illustrious launched on 13 December 2022. All three submarines will be expected to be commissioned in 2023, with an operationalisation date set for 2024.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> The fourth submarine RSS Inimitable remains in construction, together with a fifth, previously undisclosed, submarine.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> Contract for the procurement for six multi-role combat vessels (MRCV) was signed between <a href="/wiki/ST_Engineering" title="ST Engineering">ST Engineering Marine Ltd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saab_AB" title="Saab AB">SAAB</a> on 28 March 2023<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> while procurements plans for the <a href="/wiki/Drone_carrier" title="Drone carrier">drone-laden</a> Joint Multi-Mission Ships (JMSS) are ongoing. The MRCVs will act as a 'mothership' for unmanned assets and host mine-countermeasure Venus-16 USVs,<a href="#cite_note-usv2019-54">[52]</a> while the JMSS will increase the RSN's aviation capabilities in supporting disaster relief operations.<a href="#cite_note-mrcvjmss-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> A new class of patrol vessels to operate alongside the existing littoral mission vessels are to enter service in 2026.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Organisation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:718px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:RSN_Structure.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Organisational chart of the RSN"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/RSN_Structure.svg/710px-RSN_Structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="710" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/RSN_Structure.svg/1065px-RSN_Structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/RSN_Structure.svg/1420px-RSN_Structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="525" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:RSN_Structure.svg" title="File:RSN Structure.svg"> </a></div>Organisational chart of the RSN</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_RSS_Fearless_(LMV_22)_during_Exercise_Pacific_Griffin_2021_6713066.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_RSS_Fearless_%28LMV_22%29_during_Exercise_Pacific_Griffin_2021_6713066.jpg/220px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_RSS_Fearless_%28LMV_22%29_during_Exercise_Pacific_Griffin_2021_6713066.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_RSS_Fearless_%28LMV_22%29_during_Exercise_Pacific_Griffin_2021_6713066.jpg/330px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_RSS_Fearless_%28LMV_22%29_during_Exercise_Pacific_Griffin_2021_6713066.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_RSS_Fearless_%28LMV_22%29_during_Exercise_Pacific_Griffin_2021_6713066.jpg/440px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_RSS_Fearless_%28LMV_22%29_during_Exercise_Pacific_Griffin_2021_6713066.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4517" data-file-height="3148" /></a><figcaption>RSS Fearless and other RSN ships in an exercise with the USN during Pacific Griffin</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Military_Experts_Institute_in_the_background_of_the_sports_complex_within_Changi_Naval_Base.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Naval_Military_Experts_Institute_in_the_background_of_the_sports_complex_within_Changi_Naval_Base.jpg/220px-Naval_Military_Experts_Institute_in_the_background_of_the_sports_complex_within_Changi_Naval_Base.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Naval_Military_Experts_Institute_in_the_background_of_the_sports_complex_within_Changi_Naval_Base.jpg/330px-Naval_Military_Experts_Institute_in_the_background_of_the_sports_complex_within_Changi_Naval_Base.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Naval_Military_Experts_Institute_in_the_background_of_the_sports_complex_within_Changi_Naval_Base.jpg/440px-Naval_Military_Experts_Institute_in_the_background_of_the_sports_complex_within_Changi_Naval_Base.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Naval Military Experts Institute in the background of the sports complex within Changi Naval Base</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STET_Polaris_berthed_at_Sisters%27_Island_in_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/STET_Polaris_berthed_at_Sisters%27_Island_in_2015.jpg/220px-STET_Polaris_berthed_at_Sisters%27_Island_in_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/STET_Polaris_berthed_at_Sisters%27_Island_in_2015.jpg/330px-STET_Polaris_berthed_at_Sisters%27_Island_in_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/STET_Polaris_berthed_at_Sisters%27_Island_in_2015.jpg/440px-STET_Polaris_berthed_at_Sisters%27_Island_in_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>STET Polaris berthed at <a href="/wiki/Sisters%27_Islands" title="Sisters' Islands">Sisters' Islands</a> in 2015</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Command_structure">Command structure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Command structure">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Navy_(Singapore)" title="Chief of Navy (Singapore)">Chief of Navy (Singapore)</a></div> The Republic of Singapore Navy is led by the Chief of Navy (CNV), who reports directly to the Chief of Defence Force (CDF). The CNV is responsible for the RSN's overall operational capabilities and administration. The organisational chart shows the peacetime administrative <a href="/wiki/Chain_of_command" class="mw-redirect" title="Chain of command">chain of command</a> with five <a href="/wiki/Formation_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation (military)">formations</a>: the Fleet, Maritime Security Command, Naval Engineering and Logistics Command, Naval Diving Unit, and the Maritime Training and Doctrine Command.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-formations-71">[69]</a> The current Chief of Navy is Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Sean_Wat" title="Sean Wat">Sean Wat</a>, who took over command on 10 March 2023.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operating_forces">Operating forces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Operating forces">edit</a>]</div> The Fleet is responsible for operations beyond the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Strait" title="Singapore Strait">Singapore Strait</a> and represents the main strike arm of the navy. Its frigates and missile corvettes are capable of conducting anti-surface, anti-air and anti-submarine operations with their equipped armaments and sensors. Its landing ships tank and civil resource vessels provide sea transportation and logistics support overseas, while the submarines force provides a subsurface capability for the navy.<a href="#cite_note-formations-71">[69]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Security_Task_Force" title="Maritime Security Task Force">Maritime Security Task Force</a> (MSTF) is a SAF-level standing task force formed after the restructuring of Coastal Command.<a href="#cite_note-2020restructure-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> Its role is to ensure Singapore's maritime security and act as a co-ordinating agency for all national maritime agencies to allow for the seamless execution of maritime security operations. The <a href="/wiki/Naval_Diving_Unit_(Singapore)" title="Naval Diving Unit (Singapore)">Naval Diving Unit</a> is charged with "explosive ordnance disposal, underwater mine demolition and commando-type missions". Its personnel are considered among the elite forces of Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-formations-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engineering_and_Logistics">Engineering and Logistics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Engineering and Logistics">edit</a>]</div> The Naval Engineering and Logistics Command (NELCOM) is responsible for up-keeping and planning the maintenance schedules of ships and the equipping of supplies and assets.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> It also conducts weapons readiness checks on ships and works closely with the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Science_and_Technology_Agency" title="Defence Science and Technology Agency">Defence Science and Technology Agency</a> and <a href="/wiki/ST_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="ST Electronics">ST Electronics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-formations-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training">Training</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Training">edit</a>]</div> As with the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Army" title="Singapore Army">army</a> and air force, all officers of the navy are trained and commissioned at the <a href="/wiki/Officer_Cadet_School_(Singapore)" title="Officer Cadet School (Singapore)">Officer Cadet School</a> with their interservice counterparts. As <a href="/wiki/Midshipmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Midshipmen">midshipmen</a>, part of their training involves being deployed four weeks at sea with the regular fleet to hone their skills in leadership, navigation and basic seamanship.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> Navy officers are also offered specialisation courses later in their careers at the Naval Officers' Advanced Schools (NAS) which is part of the SAF Advanced School (SAS). The courses offered are Naval Advanced Officer Course (NAOC), Mine Hunting Officer Course (MHOC), Naval Warfare Officer Course (NWOC) and Command Preparatory Programme (CPP).<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> Enlisted specialists and regular military experts (ratings) are instructed in their specialised domains at the Naval Military Experts Institute, under the Maritime Training and Doctrine Command (MTDC), based at <a href="/wiki/Changi_Naval_Base" title="Changi Naval Base">Changi Naval Base</a>. This training consists of all the key aspects of the duties the sailors are expected to perform on board the ships. This includes basic firefighting and damage control skills, rope handling and seamanship skills as well as shiphandling which is done through a ship simulator allowing trainees to practice their watchkeeping skills inside a safe, controlled environment.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> The enlisted specialists and military experts undergo a rigorous and realistic Summative Exercise (SUMEX) at the end of their course prior to joining the operational ships. The RSN has also partnered with ST Education and Training to operate the <a href="/wiki/Training_ship" title="Training ship">training ship</a> STET Polaris since 2010. Polaris was specially constructed with a "dual bridge" to facilitate training requirements for two navigation teams to operate simultaneously and can carry 30 trainees and instructors;<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> the ship was named after the <a href="/wiki/North_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="North Star">North Star</a>, which mariners had traditionally used as a navigational reference point in ancient times.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> While submarine training was initially conducted in Sweden by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Navy" title="Swedish Navy">Royal Swedish Navy</a>, training for submariners are now conducted locally in Singapore. Submariners are trained at the Submarine Training Centre (STC) also known as RSS Challenger, named after the first submarine acquired by the RSN. It is located in Changi Naval Base and is designed to be a state-of-the-art facility featuring submarine simulators in order to enhance the realism and effectiveness of submarine training.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Training in the simulators can be up to several days in order to simulate actual deployments when the submariners are training in the STC. Prospective submariners are put through a nine-month-long course which consists of a series of tough tests in order to ensure that every qualified submariner is able to meet operational requirements at sea. The simulators housed in the facility are known as the Submarine Steering and Diving Trainer (SSDT) and Submarine Combat Tactical Trainer (SCTT). The two simulators allow the flotilla to conduct training that closely simulates at-sea conditions without the logistical costs involved in deploying submarines out at sea. The SSDT is designed based on the Archer-class submarine and trains the helmsman to steer the submarine as well as the diving officer in diving the submarine while allowing the “Officer of the Watch” to oversee the entire process. The SCTT is designed to train the submariners in combat operations, which consists of four consoles modelled after those installed on board the actual submarines. These are used to train the crew in submarine combat operations such as analysis, surveillance, command and control, and weapons control.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> Singapore is also known to have sent prospective submarine Commanding Officers for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Royal Netherlands Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine_Command_Course" title="Submarine Command Course">Submarine Command Course</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> as well as the German Navy Submarine Commanding Officer Course.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> A training suite for crew members of the new Invincible class submarines is now being developed, which is planned to operationalise by 2024. Like the previous simulators before it, it will consist of the combat trainer as well as diving and steering trainer among others. It will additionally feature a virtual procedural trainer that replicates the submarine with all its more than 12 million parts, that offers both physical and tactile training opportunities for the crew members while ashore.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> Enlistees to the Naval Diving Unit are selected based on their eyesight and medical fitness and trained at Frogman School located within Sembawang Camp.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> Trainees are required to pass a vocational assessment prior to beginning nine weeks of basic military training. Those who qualify then undergo the twenty weeks Combat Diver Course where they are taught <a href="/wiki/Diving_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving theory">dive theory</a> and must qualify for drown proofing, pool competency and survival skills requirements.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_fleet">Current fleet</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Current fleet">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Equipment_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Equipment of the Republic of Singapore Navy">Equipment of the Republic of Singapore Navy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frigates">Frigates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Frigates">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_Navy_guided-missile_frigate_RSS_Steadfast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Singapore_Navy_guided-missile_frigate_RSS_Steadfast.jpg/220px-Singapore_Navy_guided-missile_frigate_RSS_Steadfast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Singapore_Navy_guided-missile_frigate_RSS_Steadfast.jpg/330px-Singapore_Navy_guided-missile_frigate_RSS_Steadfast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Singapore_Navy_guided-missile_frigate_RSS_Steadfast.jpg/440px-Singapore_Navy_guided-missile_frigate_RSS_Steadfast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="1272" /></a><figcaption>RSS Steadfast with a USN SH-60B Seahawk helicopter during flight deck qualifications</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Formidable-class_frigate" title="Formidable-class frigate">Formidable-class</a> multi-role stealth frigates entered service with the RSN in 2007 and are derivatives of the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/La_Fayette-class_frigate" title="La Fayette-class frigate">La Fayette-class frigate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> The frigates are key information nodes and fighting units, and were, at time of launch, "by far the most advanced surface combatants in Southeast Asia"<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> with a special <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> configuration which combines the <a href="/wiki/Thales_Group" title="Thales Group">Thales Herakles</a> radar with the <a href="/wiki/Sylver_launcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylver launcher">Sylver</a> A50 launcher and a mix of <a href="/wiki/MBDA_Aster" class="mw-redirect" title="MBDA Aster">MBDA Aster</a> 15 and 30 missiles.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> Other armaments include <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Harpoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing Harpoon">Boeing Harpoon</a> missiles and an <a href="/wiki/OTO_Melara_76_mm" title="OTO Melara 76 mm">OTO Melara 76 mm</a> gun for surface defence. The <a href="/wiki/Blue_Spear" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Spear">Blue Spear SSM</a> is planned to be equipped onboard the Formidable class Frigates on completion of the mid-life upgrade program. Equipped with <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-70B" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikorsky S-70B">Sikorsky S-70B</a> naval helicopters, an international derivative of the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60B_Seahawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikorsky SH-60B Seahawk">Sikorsky SH-60B Seahawk</a>. These naval helicopters feature anti-surface and anti-submarine combat systems, extending the ship's own surveillance and over-the-horizon targeting and anti-submarine warfare capabilities. The naval helicopters are part of the 123 squadron of the RSAF and piloted by air force pilots.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> Two more S-70B helicopters were ordered in February 2013.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> The lead ship of the class, <a href="/wiki/RSS_Formidable" title="RSS Formidable">RSS Formidable</a> was built overseas in <a href="/wiki/Lorient" title="Lorient">Lorient</a>, France and commissioned locally on 5 May 2007, marking the 40th anniversary of the RSN.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> The final two ships, <a href="/wiki/RSS_Stalwart" title="RSS Stalwart">RSS Stalwart</a> and <a href="/wiki/RSS_Supreme" title="RSS Supreme">RSS Supreme</a> were commissioned on 16 January 2009.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> The six frigates form the First Flotilla of the RSN. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Littoral_mission_vessels">Littoral mission vessels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Littoral mission vessels">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RSS_Fortitude_in_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/RSS_Fortitude_in_2018.jpg/220px-RSS_Fortitude_in_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/RSS_Fortitude_in_2018.jpg/330px-RSS_Fortitude_in_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/RSS_Fortitude_in_2018.jpg/440px-RSS_Fortitude_in_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>RSS Fortitude, a littoral mission vessel underway in the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Strait" title="Singapore Strait">Singapore Strait</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Independence-class_littoral_mission_vessel" title="Independence-class littoral mission vessel">Independence-class</a> littoral mission vessel is a class of eight surface platforms succeeding the <a href="/wiki/Fearless-class_patrol_vessel" title="Fearless-class patrol vessel">Fearless class</a>. In January 2013, the Ministry of Defence awarded <a href="/wiki/ST_Engineering" title="ST Engineering">ST Engineering</a> a contract to build and design eight vessels. A subsidiary of the company, ST Marine was charged with building the ships at Benoi Yard and integrating the combat systems supplied by the group's electronics arm, ST Electronics.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> The class was designed with the "lean manning" concept to facilitate a smaller crew complement to reflect the declining birthrate in Singapore, with increased levels of automation and remote monitoring systems.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> This has resulted in its <a href="/wiki/Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">combat information center</a>, machinery control room, and <a href="/wiki/Bridge_(nautical)" title="Bridge (nautical)">bridge</a> being co-located in a single location known as the integrated command center.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> Its modularity also allows the ship to deploy unmanned and mine-countermeasure systems or be reconfigured to support disaster-relief operations.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> The ships have been sent on overseas deployments.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> The last three ships of the class were commissioned in January 2020.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> The littoral mission vessels were formerly under 182 Squadron until June 2020 with the inauguration of the Maritime Security Command. The eight Independence-class littoral mission vessels now form the Second Flotilla of the RSN.<a href="#cite_note-2020restructure-62">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tank_landing_ships">Tank landing ships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tank landing ships">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_Strait_Passing_warship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Singapore_Strait_Passing_warship.jpg/220px-Singapore_Strait_Passing_warship.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Singapore_Strait_Passing_warship.jpg/330px-Singapore_Strait_Passing_warship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Singapore_Strait_Passing_warship.jpg/440px-Singapore_Strait_Passing_warship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>RSS Persistence, officially designated as a <a href="/wiki/Landing_ship_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing ship tank">landing ship tank</a>, underway in the Singapore Strait in 2007</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Endurance-class_landing_platform_dock_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Endurance-class landing platform dock ship">Endurance-class</a> tank landing ships are the largest class of ships in the RSN. They were designed and built locally by ST Marine to replace the old County-class <a href="/wiki/Tank_landing_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Tank landing ship">tank landing ships</a> (LST). Each ship is fitted with a well dock that can accommodate four landing craft and a flight deck that can accommodate two medium lift helicopters.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> While the RSN describes the Endurance class as LSTs, they lack the beaching capability traditionally associated with LSTs, and their well docks and flight decks qualify the Endurance class more as amphibious transport docks. The ships provide sea transportation for personnel and equipment for SAFs overseas training, as well as a training platform for RSN's midshipmen. RSS Endurance became the first RSN ship to <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigate" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumnavigate">circumnavigate</a> the globe when it participated in the 2000 <a href="/wiki/International_Naval_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="International Naval Review">International Naval Review</a> in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> The ships are also actively involved in humanitarian and disaster relief operations, notably in East Timor, the Persian Gulf, the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">tsunami</a>-hit Indonesian province of Aceh and most recently, disappearance of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_AirAsia_Flight_8501" title="Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501">Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501</a>.<a href="#cite_note-qz8501-57">[55]</a> The four ships form the Third Flotilla of the RSN. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mine_countermeasures_vessels">Mine countermeasures vessels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Mine countermeasures vessels">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_mine_countermeasures_vessels_RSS_Katong_(M107)_and_RSS_Bedok_(M105)_at_Changi_Naval_Base,_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_mine_countermeasures_vessels_RSS_Katong_%28M107%29_and_RSS_Bedok_%28M105%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg/220px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_mine_countermeasures_vessels_RSS_Katong_%28M107%29_and_RSS_Bedok_%28M105%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_mine_countermeasures_vessels_RSS_Katong_%28M107%29_and_RSS_Bedok_%28M105%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg/330px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_mine_countermeasures_vessels_RSS_Katong_%28M107%29_and_RSS_Bedok_%28M105%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_mine_countermeasures_vessels_RSS_Katong_%28M107%29_and_RSS_Bedok_%28M105%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg/440px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_mine_countermeasures_vessels_RSS_Katong_%28M107%29_and_RSS_Bedok_%28M105%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1549" data-file-height="1037" /></a><figcaption>RSS Katong and RSS Bedok alongside <a href="/wiki/Changi_Naval_Base" title="Changi Naval Base">Changi Naval Base</a> during the Navy Open House 2007</figcaption></figure> The RSN acquired mine countermeasure capabilities as early as 1975, when the USN's <a href="/wiki/USS_Thrasher_(AMS-203)" title="USS Thrasher (AMS-203)">USS Thrasher</a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Whippoorwill_(AMS-207)" title="USS Whippoorwill (AMS-207)">USS Whippoorwill</a> were reactivated by the RSN's engineers and technicians in California. The Bluebird-class coastal minesweepers were commissioned as RSS Jupiter and RSS Mercury.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> These two ships were eventually replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Bedok-class_mine_countermeasures_vessel" title="Bedok-class mine countermeasures vessel">Bedok-class</a> mine countermeasures vessels. The first ship, RSS Bedok, was built by Karlskronavarvet in Sweden based on the <a href="/wiki/Landsort-class_mine_countermeasures_vessel" title="Landsort-class mine countermeasures vessel">Landsort-class</a> design. The remaining three ships were prefabricated in Sweden and transferred to Singapore for final assembly by <a href="/wiki/ST_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="ST Marine">ST Marine</a>. The ships are constructed of glass reinforced plastic to maintain low magnetic and acoustic signatures, and are fitted with <a href="/wiki/Voith_Schneider_Propeller" title="Voith Schneider Propeller">Voith Schneider Propellers</a>, giving it the highest manoeuvrability in the navy. The RSN also operates the <a href="/wiki/Protector_USV" title="Protector USV">Protector unmanned surface vehicles</a>. They were deployed together with the Endurance-class landing ships tank to the North Persian Gulf for <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> operations in 2005, where they performed surveillance and reconnaissance, as well as force protection duties for more than eight hours at a go.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Unmanned assets and the mine countermeasures ships form the Sixth Flotilla of the RSN.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Submarines">Submarines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Submarines">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Archer_class">Archer class</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Archer class">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Archer-class_submarine" title="Archer-class submarine">Archer-class</a> submarines were also former Swedish Navy combatants and known as the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland-class_submarine" title="Västergötland-class submarine">Västergötland class</a>. In November 2005, an agreement was signed with <a href="/wiki/Kockums" class="mw-redirect" title="Kockums">Kockums</a> for the same tropicalisation modifications for two submarines.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> Amidst the refitting process, an <a href="/wiki/Air_independent_propulsion" class="mw-redirect" title="Air independent propulsion">air independent propulsion</a> system was installed, which necessitated the cutting apart of the submarine's hull to fit new components. RSS Archer was relaunched on 16 June 2009<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> and recommissioned on 2 December 2011, with her sister boat RSS Swordsman being commissioned on 30 April 2013.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> The AIP modification enables the submarines to have longer submerged endurance and lower noise signature, enhancing its stealth capability. The advanced sonar system is capable of detecting contacts at a further distance, while the torpedo system has a better target acquisition capability, which allows the submarines to engage contacts at a further range. An upgrade program was conducted between 2016 and early 2019, which involved the installation of CM010 optronic periscopes and new combat management, sonar and countermeasure systems. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Invincible_class">Invincible class</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Invincible class">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Invincible-class_submarine" title="Invincible-class submarine">Invincible class</a>, also known as Type 218SG, is a submarine class ordered from Germany's <a href="/wiki/ThyssenKrupp_Marine_Systems" title="ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems">ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems</a>. Two Invincible-class submarines were procured in November 2013 and another two in May 2017.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> Several German industry experts commented then that the project would cost about one billion Euros and take six years to complete, with the first submarine expected to be delivered in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> The diesel electric submarines will have 50 per cent longer endurance, more firepower, more capable sensors and advanced automation than the existing fleet of RSN submarines. Armed with eight torpedo tubes and manned by a crew of 28, they can travel at a surface speed of more than 10 knots and a submerged speed of more than 15 knots. These submarines are particularly customised for Singapore's shallow and busy waters.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> The first of four, RSS Invincible, was launched on 18 February 2019. She will undergo sea trials in Germany before delivery in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-2020progress-121">[119]</a> The second and third boat, RSS Impeccable and RSS Illustrious were launched on 13 December 2022, expected to be delivered in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> The remaining one is scheduled to follow by 2024. The Invincible and Archer-class submarines are projected to replace the Challenger-class afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> All submarines, regardless of class, form the Seventh Flotilla of the RSN. The RSN also operates the <a href="/wiki/Submarine_rescue_ship" title="Submarine rescue ship">submarine support and rescue vessel</a> <a href="/wiki/MV_Swift_Rescue" title="MV Swift Rescue">MV Swift Rescue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corvettes">Corvettes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Corvettes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RSS_Valiant_sails_next_to_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RSS_Valiant_sails_next_to_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt.jpg/220px-RSS_Valiant_sails_next_to_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RSS_Valiant_sails_next_to_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt.jpg/330px-RSS_Valiant_sails_next_to_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RSS_Valiant_sails_next_to_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt.jpg/440px-RSS_Valiant_sails_next_to_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a><figcaption>RSS Valiant underway in the South China Sea in 2018</figcaption></figure> In 1983, the RSN ordered six <a href="/wiki/Victory-class_corvette" title="Victory-class corvette">Victory-class</a> corvettes from <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCrssen" title="Lürssen">Friedrich Lürssen Werft</a> of Germany, with the first being built in Germany and remaining five locally by ST Marine.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> The corvettes represented a strategic change in Singapore's defence posture as the Navy sought to redefine its purpose to be "more than a coastguard" and project power in the region for deterrence purposes; they were the first ships in the RSN to have an anti-submarine capability, and remain the fastest ships in the fleet with a speed in excess of 30 knots.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/A244-S" class="mw-redirect" title="A244-S">A244-S torpedoes</a> were reportedly acquired to counter the threat of an increased number of submarines passing through the Malacca Strait, with Soviet submarines having been tracked passing through entirely submerged.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> The first three ships were commissioned in August 1990 and the remaining three in May 1991. The corvettes have been continuously upgraded to incorporate new technologies and better sea keeping capabilities. Two sets of 8-cell <a href="/wiki/Barak_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barak (missile)">Barak I</a> were installed in 1996 as part of a general refit. A life extension program between 2009 and 2013 redesigned the mast to incorporate new sensors, overhauled the combat management system, and added the ability for the ship to launch a single <a href="/wiki/ScanEagle" class="mw-redirect" title="ScanEagle">ScanEagle</a> <a href="/wiki/UAV" class="mw-redirect" title="UAV">UAV</a> for remote surveillance without the need to approach a target.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> The anti-submarine torpedoes and variable depth sonar detectors were removed during the refit.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> The six corvettes form the Eighth Flotilla of the RSN. The Victory-class corvettes are projected to be replaced by six multi-role combat vessels by 2030, with the first ship to be delivered in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-2020progress-121">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maritime_security_and_response_vessels">Maritime security and response vessels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Maritime security and response vessels">edit</a>]</div> The Sentinel-class maritime security and response vessels (MSRV) are four refurbished Fearless-class patrol vessels. The refurbishment plan was announced in March 2020 in response to the increase of sea robberies within the region, and foreign intrusions of Singapore territorial waters.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> As part of the refit, non-lethal <a href="/wiki/LRAD" class="mw-redirect" title="LRAD">LRAD</a> and laser warning systems were added to increase operational flexibility, while fenders were incorporated into the hull to enable quicker alongside operations of suspicious vessels. The forward part of the bridge was also reinforced with ballistic-resistant armour.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> The first two vessels MSRV Sentinel and MSRV Guardian entered operational service on 26 January 2021, with the latter two MSRV Protector and MSRV Bastion on 20 January 2022.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> Other than the MSRVs, the flotilla will also operate two Maritime Security Tugboats (MSRTs), and will operate new purpose-built vessels from 2026. The ships form the Maritime Security and Response Flotilla of the RSN.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_fleet">Historical fleet</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Historical fleet">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missile_gunboats">Missile gunboats</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Missile gunboats">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_missile_gunboat_RSS_Sea_Dragon_(P78)_at_Changi_Naval_Base,_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_missile_gunboat_RSS_Sea_Dragon_%28P78%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg/220px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_missile_gunboat_RSS_Sea_Dragon_%28P78%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_missile_gunboat_RSS_Sea_Dragon_%28P78%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg/330px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_missile_gunboat_RSS_Sea_Dragon_%28P78%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_missile_gunboat_RSS_Sea_Dragon_%28P78%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg/440px-Republic_of_Singapore_Navy_missile_gunboat_RSS_Sea_Dragon_%28P78%29_at_Changi_Naval_Base%2C_Singapore_-_20070527.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption>RSS Sea Dragon docked at <a href="/wiki/Changi_Naval_Base" title="Changi Naval Base">Changi Naval Base</a> during the Navy Open House 2007</figcaption></figure> The Sea Wolf-class missile gunboats were acquired in 1968 and based on the TNC 45 design from <a href="/wiki/Fredrich_L%C3%BCrssen_Werft" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredrich Lürssen Werft">Fredrich Lürssen Werft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> The first two gunboats—RSS Sea Wolf and RSS Sea Lion—were constructed in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in 1972, while the remaining four were constructed locally by <a href="/wiki/ST_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="ST Marine">Singapore Shipbuilding and Engineering</a>, with all six ships being commissioned by 1976. The gunboats were initially equipped with Israeli-manufactured anti-ship <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_(missile)" title="Gabriel (missile)">Gabriel missiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bofors_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Bofors guns">Bofors guns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> Sea Wolf fired the first missile by the RSN in March 1972.<a href="#cite_note-seawolf-35">[33]</a> As new technology became available, a number of upgrading programmes were initiated to increase their strike capability and sophistication. Between 1986 and 1988, they were upgraded to launch <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Harpoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing Harpoon">Boeing Harpoon</a> (SSM) surface-to-surface missiles,<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> and in 1994, the Bofors gun was replaced with <a href="/wiki/Mistral_(missile)" title="Mistral (missile)">Mistral</a> surface-to-air (SAM) missiles. The continuous upgrades to the gunboats' armaments and sensors made them regarded as being at the forefront of naval warfare technology between the 1980s and 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-seawolf-35">[33]</a> The gunboats engaged in numerous exercises with foreign navies and visited many port of calls throughout their lifespan.<a href="#cite_note-seawolf-35">[33]</a> On 13 May 2008, all six gunboats were retired at a sunset decommissioning ceremony held at Changi Naval Base following 33 years of service.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patrol_vessels">Patrol vessels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Patrol vessels">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milan_2018_-_MILES_-_Milan_Exercise_Sea_-_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Milan_2018_-_MILES_-_Milan_Exercise_Sea_-_17.jpg/220px-Milan_2018_-_MILES_-_Milan_Exercise_Sea_-_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Milan_2018_-_MILES_-_Milan_Exercise_Sea_-_17.jpg/330px-Milan_2018_-_MILES_-_Milan_Exercise_Sea_-_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Milan_2018_-_MILES_-_Milan_Exercise_Sea_-_17.jpg/440px-Milan_2018_-_MILES_-_Milan_Exercise_Sea_-_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>RSS Dauntless, during the bilateral exercise MILAN 2018 with the Indian Navy</figcaption></figure> Between the 1970s and 1990s, the RSN operated <a href="/wiki/Independence-class_patrol_craft" title="Independence-class patrol craft">Independence-class</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swift-class_patrol_craft" title="Swift-class patrol craft">Swift-class</a> coastal patrol crafts. They were gradually replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Fearless-class_patrol_vessel" title="Fearless-class patrol vessel">Fearless-class</a> patrol vessels built locally by ST Marine to replace the ageing coastal patrol craft, with all ships in commission by August 1989. The first six vessels of the Fearless class were armed for <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine warfare</a> missions and placed under the Fleet as 189 Squadron, with the remaining six being allocated to 182 Squadron under Coastal Command. <a href="/wiki/RSS_Courageous" title="RSS Courageous">RSS Courageous</a> was badly damaged in a collision with a container ship in the Singapore Strait in January 2003 and removed from service.<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> 189 Squadron was subsequently transferred to Coastal Command in January 2005, placing all eleven ships under the same formation; the anti-submarine suite was also gradually removed as the RSN refocused its ASW capability on other platforms.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> The eleven patrol vessels formed the combined 182/189 Squadron until May 2016 when the first <a href="/wiki/Independence-class_littoral_mission_vessel" title="Independence-class littoral mission vessel">Independence-class</a> littoral mission vessel completed its sea trials; 189 Squadron was subsequently subsumed into 182 Squadron.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> On 11 December 2020, the final two patrol vessels RSS Gallant and RSS Freedom were decommissioned.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> Four vessels of the class were converted into Sentinel-class maritime security and response vessels. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Challenger_class">Challenger class</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Challenger class">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sodermanland-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sodermanland-2.jpg/188px-Sodermanland-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sodermanland-2.jpg/282px-Sodermanland-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sodermanland-2.jpg/376px-Sodermanland-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2383" data-file-height="1791" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_Navy_RSS_Swordsman_Archer_class_Submarine_IMDEX_2019_Changi_Singapore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Singapore_Navy_RSS_Swordsman_Archer_class_Submarine_IMDEX_2019_Changi_Singapore.jpg/188px-Singapore_Navy_RSS_Swordsman_Archer_class_Submarine_IMDEX_2019_Changi_Singapore.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Singapore_Navy_RSS_Swordsman_Archer_class_Submarine_IMDEX_2019_Changi_Singapore.jpg/282px-Singapore_Navy_RSS_Swordsman_Archer_class_Submarine_IMDEX_2019_Changi_Singapore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Singapore_Navy_RSS_Swordsman_Archer_class_Submarine_IMDEX_2019_Changi_Singapore.jpg/376px-Singapore_Navy_RSS_Swordsman_Archer_class_Submarine_IMDEX_2019_Changi_Singapore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:RSS_Invincible_in_TKMS_drydock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/RSS_Invincible_in_TKMS_drydock.jpg/188px-RSS_Invincible_in_TKMS_drydock.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/RSS_Invincible_in_TKMS_drydock.jpg/282px-RSS_Invincible_in_TKMS_drydock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/RSS_Invincible_in_TKMS_drydock.jpg/376px-RSS_Invincible_in_TKMS_drydock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Top: RSS Chieftain during her refurbishment in Sweden Middle: RSS Swordsman alongside Changi Naval Base Bottom: RSS Invincible in drydock at the TKMS yard in Germany</div></div></div></div> In 1995, the RSN acquired a <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6ormen-class_submarine" title="Sjöormen-class submarine">Sjöormen-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Navy" title="Swedish Navy">Swedish Navy</a> and rechristened it the <a href="/wiki/Challenger-class_submarine" title="Challenger-class submarine">Challenger class</a>. Another three were transferred in 1997, making them Singapore's first underwater platforms.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> As the submarines were designed for operations in the Baltic Sea, various modifications were required to suit them to tropical waters. A comprehensive tropicalisation refitting programme was implemented for all four submarines, which involved the installation of air conditioning, marine growth protection systems and corrosion-resistant piping.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> It was believed that the Challenger class were purchased to develop the required submarine operations expertise before selecting a modern class of submarines to replace them, since all the boats were then over 40 years old.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> RSS Challenger and RSS Centurion were retired from service in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a>. The remaining two Challenger class, RSS Conquerer and RSS Chieftain were decommissioned on 25 November 2024.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bases">Bases</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bases">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:502px"><div style="position:relative;width:500px;border:1px solid lightgray"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_location_map_(main_island).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Republic of Singapore Navy is located in Singapore"><img alt="Republic of Singapore Navy is located in Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Singapore_location_map_%28main_island%29.svg/500px-Singapore_location_map_%28main_island%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Singapore_location_map_%28main_island%29.svg/750px-Singapore_location_map_%28main_island%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Singapore_location_map_%28main_island%29.svg/1000px-Singapore_location_map_%28main_island%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3247" data-file-height="2061" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.304%;left:18.873%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Tuas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Tuas</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.253%;left:81.62%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Changi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Changi</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.744%;left:47.793%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Brani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Brani</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.484%;left:45.703%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Pulau Belakang Mati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Pulau Belakang Mati</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.256%;left:51.307%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Telok Ayer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Telok Ayer</div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_location_map_(main_island).svg" title="File:Singapore location map (main island).svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Past and present naval bases</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuas_Naval_Base">Tuas Naval Base</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tuas Naval Base">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_to_Tuas_Naval_Base.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Entrance_to_Tuas_Naval_Base.jpg/220px-Entrance_to_Tuas_Naval_Base.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Entrance_to_Tuas_Naval_Base.jpg/330px-Entrance_to_Tuas_Naval_Base.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Entrance_to_Tuas_Naval_Base.jpg/440px-Entrance_to_Tuas_Naval_Base.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to Tuas Naval Base</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Tuas_Naval_Base" title="Tuas Naval Base">Tuas Naval Base</a> (TNB) is located at the western tip of Singapore and occupies 0.28 km2 (0.11 mi2) of land. It was officially opened on 2 September 1994 by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Goh_Chok_Tong" title="Goh Chok Tong">Goh Chok Tong</a>. For about two decades, <a href="/wiki/Brani_Naval_Base" title="Brani Naval Base">Brani Naval Base</a> was the RSN's only base. An expansion of the fleet in the early 1980s meant that more space was needed for the fleet and its shore infrastructure. However, this was not possible as the land around Brani was reserved for use by the port authority to develop container facilities.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> As a result, Tuas was selected as the site for a new naval base. Better utilisation of space at TNB resulted in two and a half times more berthing space than Brani, even though TNB only has a shoreline of 850 m (0.5 mi). Provision was also made for recreational facilities. Automation was incorporated into the design of TNB to reduce manpower requirements, such as mechanical ramps for the loading and unloading of vehicles and an automatic storage and retrieval system. It also has a floating dock which can lift 600 tonnes and transfer a ship from sea to land to facilitate repairs and maintenance.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> The base has since been enclosed to the west by land reclamation in <a href="/wiki/Tuas_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuas South">Tuas South</a>. The missile corvettes, patrol vessels, littoral mission vessels and mine counter-measures vessels are based at TNB. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RSS_Singapura_Changi_Naval_Base">RSS Singapura Changi Naval Base</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: RSS Singapura Changi Naval Base">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChangiNavalBase-Singapore-20070526.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ChangiNavalBase-Singapore-20070526.jpg/220px-ChangiNavalBase-Singapore-20070526.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ChangiNavalBase-Singapore-20070526.jpg/330px-ChangiNavalBase-Singapore-20070526.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ChangiNavalBase-Singapore-20070526.jpg/440px-ChangiNavalBase-Singapore-20070526.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to Changi Naval Base</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Changi_Naval_Base" title="Changi Naval Base">Changi Naval Base</a> (CNB) is the latest naval facility of the RSN and was built to replace <a href="/wiki/Brani_Naval_Base" title="Brani Naval Base">Brani Naval Base</a>. Located on 1.28 km2 (0.50 mi2) of <a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclaimed land">reclaimed land</a> at the eastern tip of Singapore, it was officially opened on 21 May 2004 by Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. Its 6.2 km (3.9 mi) berthing space can accommodate an aircraft carrier and is often used by visiting ships of the USN.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> Automation was incorporated into the design of CNB to reduce manpower requirements. It has an automated underground ammunition depot that allows ammunition to be loaded onto the ships and an automated warehouse system to store items. The base has a fibre optic broadband network for information management. The base was also designed to be environment-friendly, with small-scale wind turbines powering the lights along the breakwaters at night. Conventional roof construction materials were substituted by thin film solar panels and the solar energy generated lights the base. In addition, seawater is used in the air-conditioning system.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> The submarines, frigates and landing ships tank are based at CNB. Co-located in CNB is the Naval Military Experts Institute, also known as RSS Panglima— named in honour of the first ship of the navy.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> The official RSN anniversary books<a href="#cite_note-rsn50book-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-rsn40book-13">[13]</a> and website<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> states that only Bedok and Panglima formed the initial navy, omitting the Singapura for unknown reasons despite it being one of three ships transferred to Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> The RSN claims the date as the day of their official establishment and commemorates <a href="/wiki/Navy_Day" title="Navy Day">Navy Day</a> on 5 May every year.<a href="#cite_note-imr-24">[23]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IISS1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IISS1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IISS1_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic 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The Straits Times. 17 May 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Commercially+operated+ship+arrives+to+support+training+of+RSN+NSmen&rft.date=2024-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fsingapore%2Fcommercially-operated-ship-arrives-to-support-armed-forces-navy-training&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Singapore+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leadership_MINDEF-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leadership_MINDEF_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leadership_MINDEF_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leadership_MINDEF_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leadership_MINDEF_3-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/mindef/about-us/leadership-biographies">"Leadership Biographies"</a>. 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Retrieved 23 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Defence&rft.atitle=2004+%E2%80%93+Changi+Naval+Base&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindef.gov.sg%2Fimindef%2Fabout_us%2Fhistory%2Fmaturing_saf%2Fv10n05_history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Singapore+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Singapore_Navy&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/navy">Official website</a> of the RSN</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Army" title="Singapore Army">Singapore Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_People%27s_Defence_Force" title="2nd People's Defence Force">2nd People's Defence Force</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Singapore_Division" title="3rd Singapore Division">3rd Division</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/6th_Singapore_Division" title="6th Singapore Division">6th Division</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/9th_Singapore_Division" title="9th Singapore Division">9th Division</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Formations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAF_Ammunition_Command" title="SAF Ammunition Command">SAF Ammunition Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Armour_(Singapore_Army)" title="Armour (Singapore Army)">Armour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Deployment_Force" title="Army Deployment Force">Army Deployment Force</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Intelligence_(Singapore)" title="Army Intelligence (Singapore)">Army Intelligence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAF_Medical_Corps" title="SAF Medical Corps">Army Medical Service</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Artillery" title="Singapore Artillery">Artillery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Combat_Engineers" title="Singapore Combat Engineers">Combat Engineers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Commandos_(Singapore_Army)" title="Commandos (Singapore Army)">Commandos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guards_(Singapore_Army)" title="Guards (Singapore Army)">Guards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_(Singapore_Army)" title="Infantry (Singapore Army)">Infantry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_and_Engineering_Support_(Singapore_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maintenance and Engineering Support (Singapore Army)">Maintenance & Engineering Support</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAF_Military_Police_Command" title="SAF Military Police Command">SAF Military Police Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Personnel_Command_(Singapore_Armed_Forces)" title="Personnel Command (Singapore Armed Forces)">PERSCOM</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Signals_(Singapore_Army)" title="Signals (Singapore Army)">Signals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Supply_(Singapore_Army)" title="Supply (Singapore Army)">Supply</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_(Singapore_Army)" title="Transport (Singapore Army)">Transport</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic of Singapore Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_(Republic_of_Singapore_Navy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet (Republic of Singapore Navy)">Fleet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Security_Command" title="Maritime Security Command">Maritime Security Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Training_and_Doctrine_Command_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime Training and Doctrine Command (Singapore)">Maritime Training and Doctrine Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Diving_Unit_(Singapore)" title="Naval Diving Unit (Singapore)">Naval Diving Unit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Logistics_Command_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Logistics Command (Singapore)">Naval Logistics Command</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">Republic of Singapore Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Combat Command (Singapore)">Air Combat Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Defence_and_Operations_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Defence and Operations Command">Air Defence and Operations Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Training_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Training Command">Air Force Training Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Power_Generation_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Power Generation Command">Air Power Generation Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/RSAF_Black_Knights" title="RSAF Black Knights">Black Knights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Participation_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Participation Command">Participation Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicle_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Command">Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Command</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_and_Intelligence_Service" title="Digital and Intelligence Service">Digital and Intelligence Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Intelligence_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Intelligence Command">Joint Intelligence Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAF_C4_Command/Cybersecurity_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="SAF C4 Command/Cybersecurity Task Force">SAF C4 Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Defence_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Defence Command">Digital Defence Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/DIS_Training_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="DIS Training Command">DIS Training Command</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Ops-Tech_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Ops-Tech Centre">Digital Ops-Tech Centre</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SAF training schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/SAFTI_Military_Institute" title="SAFTI Military Institute">SAFTI Military Institute</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAFTI_Military_Institute#Goh_Keng_Swee_Command_and_Staff_College" title="SAFTI Military Institute">Goh Keng Swee Command and Staff College</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAFTI_Military_Institute#SAF_Advanced_Schools" title="SAFTI Military Institute">SAF Advanced Schools</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Cadet_School_(Singapore)" title="Officer Cadet School (Singapore)">Officer Cadet School</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Specialist_and_Warrant_Officer_Institute" title="Specialist and Warrant Officer Institute">Specialist and Warrant Officer Institute</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_and_Warrant_Officer_Institute#SAFWOS_Leadership_School" title="Specialist and Warrant Officer Institute">SAFWOS Leadership School</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_and_Warrant_Officer_Institute#Specialist_and_Warrant_Officer_Advanced_School" title="Specialist and Warrant Officer Institute">Specialist and Warrant Officer Advanced School</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_Cadet_School" title="Specialist Cadet School">Specialist Cadet School</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Military_Training_Centre" title="Basic Military Training Centre">Basic Military Training Centre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAF_Medical_Training_Institute" title="SAF Medical Training Institute">SAF Medical Training Institute</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>Other SAF units and affiliated organisations <div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces_Band" title="Singapore Armed Forces Band">SAF Band</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAF_Medical_Corps" title="SAF Medical Corps">SAF Medical Corps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces_Parachute_Team" title="Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team">SAF Parachute Team</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAF_Volunteer_Corps" title="SAF Volunteer Corps">SAF Volunteer Corps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(Singapore)" title="National Cadet Corps (Singapore)">National Cadet Corps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Warriors_FC" title="Warriors FC">Warriors Football Club</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Youth_Flying_Club" title="Singapore Youth Flying Club">Singapore Youth Flying Club</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Militaries_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_Armed_Forces" title="Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:Association of Southeast Asian Nations Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Militaries_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Militaries</a> of the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Brunei Armed Forces">Royal Brunei Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Land_Force" title="Royal Brunei Land Force">Royal Brunei Land Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Air_Force" title="Royal Brunei Air Force">Royal Brunei Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Navy" title="Royal Brunei Navy">Royal Brunei Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southeast_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="South-East Asia highlighted in green"><img alt="South-East Asia highlighted in green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>South-East Asia highlighted in green</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Cambodian Armed Forces">Royal Cambodian Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Army" title="Royal Cambodian Army">Royal Cambodian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Air_Force" title="Royal Cambodian Air Force">Royal Cambodian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Navy" title="Royal Cambodian Navy">Royal Cambodian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gendarmerie_(Cambodia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Gendarmerie (Cambodia)">Royal Gendarmerie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Indonesian National Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Army" title="Indonesian Army">Indonesian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Navy" title="Indonesian Navy">Indonesian Navy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Marine_Corps" title="Indonesian Marine Corps">Indonesian Marine Corps</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesian Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Lao People's Armed Forces">Lao People's Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao People's Army">Lao People's Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force">Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Navy" title="Lao People's Navy">Lao People's Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Malaysian Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Army" title="Malaysian Army">Malaysian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Royal Malaysian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Navy" title="Royal Malaysian Navy">Royal Malaysian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Maritime_Enforcement_Agency" title="Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency">Malaysia Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Myanmar Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Army" title="Myanmar Army">Myanmar Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Air_Force" title="Myanmar Air Force">Myanmar Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Navy" title="Myanmar Navy">Myanmar Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Coast_Guard" title="Myanmar Coast Guard">Myanmar Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Police_Force" title="Myanmar Police Force">Myanmar Police Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army" title="Philippine Army">Philippine Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Philippine Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Philippine Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps" title="Philippine Marine Corps">Philippine Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coast_Guard" title="Philippine Coast Guard">Philippine Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces" title="Singapore Armed Forces">Singapore Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Army" title="Singapore Army">Singapore Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">Republic of Singapore Air Force</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic of Singapore Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_and_Intelligence_Service" title="Digital and Intelligence Service">Digital and Intelligence Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Coast_Guard" title="Police Coast Guard">Police Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Royal Thai Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Army" title="Royal Thai Army">Royal Thai Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Air_Force" title="Royal Thai Air Force">Royal Thai Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Navy" title="Royal Thai Navy">Royal Thai Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Marine_Corps" title="Royal Thai Marine Corps">Royal Thai Marine Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">People's Army of Vietnam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam#Main_force" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Vietnam People's Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Vietnam People's Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Vietnam People's Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Coast_Guard" title="Vietnam Coast Guard">Vietnam Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Border_Guard" title="Vietnam Border Guard">Vietnam Border Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states</a> </dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" 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