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{"work":{"id":28854386,"created_at":"2016-10-01T13:18:53.366-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-15T07:37:02.636-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Gujjar and Bakkarwals are the twin nomadic community of Jammu and Kashmir who have been granted Scheduled Tribe (ST) status due to their backwardness. The Bakkarwals are primarily nomads who move from plains to the higher altitudes with their flock as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"49274593"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies A study of educational status of tribal Bakkarwal children of Kalakote Block in Rajouri District of Jammu and Kashmir","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [273840]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div 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data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="49274593" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/28854386/Asian_Journal_of_Multidisciplinary_Studies_A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_Bakkarwal_children_of_Kalakote_Block_in_Rajouri_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="28854394" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28854394/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_Bakkarwal_children_of_Kalakote_Block_in_Rajouri_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir">A study of educational status of tribal Bakkarwal children of Kalakote Block in Rajouri District of Jammu and Kashmir</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="273840" href="https://jammuuniversity.academia.edu/DrKavitaSuri">Prof. (Dr.) Kavita Suri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Gujjar and Bakkarwals are the twin nomadic community of Jammu and Kashmir who have been granted Scheduled Tribe (ST) status due to their backwardness. The Bakkarwals are primarily nomads who move from plains to the higher altitudes with their flock as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. The literacy rate among the Bakkarwal community is quite low in comparison to other 12 ST communities in the state. The present paper focuses on the status of education among the nomadic Bakkarwal children in Kakalote block of border district of Rajouri. The study aims to explore the reasons behind educational backwardness among Bakkarwal tribes, if any. Besides it also seeks to find out the measures taken by the Jammu and Kashmir government to provide education to nomads/Bakkarwal tribes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A study of educational status of tribal Bakkarwal children of Kalakote Block in Rajouri District of Jammu and Kashmir","attachmentId":49274600,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28854394/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_Bakkarwal_children_of_Kalakote_Block_in_Rajouri_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28854394/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_Bakkarwal_children_of_Kalakote_Block_in_Rajouri_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="73796022" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796022/_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_">“Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of Gujjars and Bakarwalls in District Pulwama”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55716610" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM">RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Gujjar and Bakarwals are two nomadic tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who have been given ScheduledTribe (ST) status due to their migratory and backward nature. The gujjars are primarily nomads who move fromplains to the higher altitudes with their cattles as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. The literacy rate of Gujjar and Bakkarwals is quite low. There are a number of educational provisions for migratory Gujjar-Bakkarwal populations in the form of stationary and permanent government schools at different places all over the state. But at the summer locations where the good numbers of nomadic children are available who move there with their parents, the educational facilities are again very less. For the education of the children of the nomadic populations of Gujjar and Bakkarwals, ‘Seasonal Educational Schools’ have been set up where the teachers do not accompany the nomadic children but continue to remain at the temporary camps of the nomads and provide educati...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of Gujjars and Bakarwalls in District Pulwama”","attachmentId":82178409,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73796022/_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796022/_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="40816269" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40816269/Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals">Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu & Kashmir: A Case of Gujjars and Bakarwals</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="88611589" href="https://smriti.academia.edu/anzar">Anzar Bhatti</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu \u0026 Kashmir: A Case of Gujjars and Bakarwals","attachmentId":61098714,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40816269/Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40816269/Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="110335470" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110335470/Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_amp_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals">Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu &amp; Kashmir: A Case of Gujjars and Bakarwals</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6070711" href="https://independent.academia.edu/umersofi">umer sofi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International journal of social sciences, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu \u0026amp; Kashmir: A Case of Gujjars and Bakarwals","attachmentId":108184255,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110335470/Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_amp_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110335470/Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_amp_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="36434722" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36434722/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_gujjars_of_Vijaypur_Block_in_Samba_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir">A study of educational status of tribal gujjars of Vijaypur Block in Samba District of Jammu and Kashmir</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28275537" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EuroAsiaInternationalJournal">Euro Asia International Journals</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTRACT Jammu and Kashmir is a habitat to quite a number of tribal communities, who have settled down in every nook and corner of this hilly countryside. The tribal people and their places, the tribals and their customs, their cultures, their means of communication, or simply their culinary arts, makes the tribes of J&K stand out from the rest of Indian tribesmen. Gujjar and Bakarwals are two nomadic tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who have been given Scheduled Tribe (ST) status due to their migratory and backward nature. The gujjars are primarily nomads who move from plains to the higher altitudes with their cattles as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. Gujjars and Bakerwals are two names of one tribe popularly known as Gujjars in Indian sub-continent. Gujjars form an important ethnic and linguistic group in Jammu and Kashmir and constitute 20 percent of total population of the State scattered in all districts of the J&K state. Gujjars and Bakarwals who are mainly Muslims carry with itself the age old traditions and customs of prehistoric time. Most of them are still untouched with the influence of the outside world. The literacy rate among the gujjars community is low in comparison to other twelve scheduled tribe communities in the state. Education will determine their prosperity, success and security in life. The tribes which remain either deprived of or negligent toward education will suffer the consequence. The commissioner for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes asserts that unless exploitation among the tribals is combated and eliminated through education, no improvement in tribal welfare will occur. The present paper stresses on the status of education among the nomadic gujjars of Vijaypur block in Samba district. It also seeks to find out the measures taken by the Jammu and Kashmir government to provide education to tribal gujjars. Keywords: Gujjars, Education, Tribal, Jammu and Kashmir.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A study of educational status of tribal gujjars of Vijaypur Block in Samba District of Jammu and Kashmir","attachmentId":56347935,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36434722/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_gujjars_of_Vijaypur_Block_in_Samba_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36434722/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_gujjars_of_Vijaypur_Block_in_Samba_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="9597823" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9597823/Educational_Development_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir">Educational Development of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5262366" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AzadAndrabi">Azad Andrabi</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Educational Development of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir","attachmentId":35806925,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9597823/Educational_Development_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9597823/Educational_Development_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="36775183" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36775183/THE_INTERNATIONAL_JOURNAL_OF_HUMANITIES_and_SOCIAL_STUDIES_Socio_Economic_and_Educational_Status_of_Tribal_Gujjar_and_Bakarwal_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_An_Overview">THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES Socio-Economic and Educational Status of Tribal (Gujjar and Bakarwal) of Jammu and Kashmir: An Overview</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55046958" href="https://amu-in.academia.edu/IsrarAhmed">Israr Ahmed</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Gujjar and Bakarwal are the third largest ethnic group in Jammu and Kashmir constitute more than 11.9% of the total population of the state (Census, 2011); scheduled tribe is the only community in the state which maintain its culture and heritage throughout the ages. Various studies and reports indicate that socio-economic and educational status of Gujjar and Bakarwal in Jammu and Kashmir is not at all satisfactory. In this paper an attempt was made to examine the socio-economic and educational life of tribal in general and Gujjar and Bakarwal in particular. This paper is based on secondary sources i.e. population census of India 2001 and 2011, various Journals, Articles, Books and Reports etc. Results have indicated that literacy rate among the Gujjars was 31.65 % and Bakarwals was 22.51% with a total 55.52% of the General population of the state as per 2001 census.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES \u0026 SOCIAL STUDIES Socio-Economic and Educational Status of Tribal (Gujjar and Bakarwal) of Jammu and Kashmir: An Overview","attachmentId":56722789,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36775183/THE_INTERNATIONAL_JOURNAL_OF_HUMANITIES_and_SOCIAL_STUDIES_Socio_Economic_and_Educational_Status_of_Tribal_Gujjar_and_Bakarwal_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_An_Overview","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36775183/THE_INTERNATIONAL_JOURNAL_OF_HUMANITIES_and_SOCIAL_STUDIES_Socio_Economic_and_Educational_Status_of_Tribal_Gujjar_and_Bakarwal_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_An_Overview"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="44255286" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255286/Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_case_study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakerwals_By_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir -A case study of Gujjars and Bakerwals- By Dr. Javaid Rahi</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="94470568" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrJavaidRahi">Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Low Literacy rate among tribes Despite government continuous efforts to encourage education among the Scheduled Tribes groups , the literacy rates of some of the Tribal communities of Jammu and Kashmir especially the Gujjars and Bakerwals is extremely low as compared to the national and average, as said in the census data. The literacy rate in India , as per Census 2011, is 73 percent and for STs at the national level, it is 59 percent only . But in J&K only 50 percent tribal are shown literate. The main reasons of the low literacy among tribes are poverty, conflict, topography and superstitions. The female literacy rate extremely lower as compared to the national average.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir -A case study of Gujjars and Bakerwals- By Dr. Javaid Rahi","attachmentId":64629201,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44255286/Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_case_study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakerwals_By_Dr_Javaid_Rahi","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255286/Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_case_study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakerwals_By_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="6173730" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6173730/Challenges_in_Education_of_Tribal_Children_in_Poonch_district_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir">Challenges in Education of Tribal Children in Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="273840" href="https://jammuuniversity.academia.edu/DrKavitaSuri">Prof. (Dr.) Kavita Suri</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Challenges in Education of Tribal Children in Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir","attachmentId":33058700,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6173730/Challenges_in_Education_of_Tribal_Children_in_Poonch_district_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6173730/Challenges_in_Education_of_Tribal_Children_in_Poonch_district_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="33680373" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33680373/Barriers_of_education_in_Kharwar_TRIBEs_The_Problem_of_Child_Education_in_Tribal_Communities">Barriers of education in Kharwar TRIBEs The Problem of Child Education in Tribal Communities</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="65941549" href="https://independent.academia.edu/aparnaVajpayee">aparna Vajpayee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">India is the prehistoric ground of wisdom and it is the land which has considered the education as a most efficacious potent for attaining the salvation. According to Bhagawat Geeta, man is a creature who thinks. Manushaya (man) is a being with manas (mind); and if his thinking power is not attained it became no better than animals. Therefore, we all are in journey of shaping our own destiny in order to animate the growth, in which intellect is a great indeed. In earlier days an optimal development of children was almost taken for granted in the family and the community in which they were born. With the expansion of school in the community it has been considered as a responsibility of the state to educate the child. Our country is predominantly divided into diverse regions with its unique features and problems. Still, there is big proportion of people living in absolute poverty, which is more than being poor. On the other hand, growth as symbolized by an increase in income had lost its glory for " capability improvement ". The lack of effective voice for poor and institutional and political tendencies to tilt the benefits of reform programs in favor of those better able to protect their benefits are the some ontological fact of the policy-transformation. Tribal children, similar to several other marginalized groups of children in India, are spellbound in an intergenerational vicious cycle of poverty, literacy and deprivation. This is evident in extremely poor adult literacy rates which are produced as low education levels among the children from ST communities. The growth of official education amongst the tribal populations of the country may be gauge from the acts yield by the census data. The census figure of 1931 disclosed that only 0.7 percent of the tribal people were literate. This percentage rose to 32.60 percent in 1991 against 52.2 percent for the entire country. As against the national average of 52.21 percent, the literacy rate of ST is terribly low at round 29.60 percent. This shows a big gap in educational opportunities among the tribal and non-tribal communities.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Barriers of education in Kharwar TRIBEs The Problem of Child Education in Tribal Communities","attachmentId":53685421,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33680373/Barriers_of_education_in_Kharwar_TRIBEs_The_Problem_of_Child_Education_in_Tribal_Communities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33680373/Barriers_of_education_in_Kharwar_TRIBEs_The_Problem_of_Child_Education_in_Tribal_Communities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":49274593,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":49274593,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_49274593" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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