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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of mandates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Class_A_mandates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Class_A_mandates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Class A mandates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Class_A_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Class_B_mandates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Class_B_mandates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Class B mandates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Class_B_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Class_C_mandates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Class_C_mandates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Class C mandates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Class_C_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_mandates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_mandates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of mandates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules_of_establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules_of_establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rules of establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rules_of_establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Later history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">League of Nations mandate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="انتداب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتداب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandat_sistemi" title="Mandat sistemi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mandat sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Мандат Лігі Нацый – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мандат Лігі Нацый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mand%C3%A1tn%C3%AD_%C3%BAzem%C3%AD" title="Mandátní území – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mandátní území" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatomr%C3%A5de" title="Mandatområde – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mandatområde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandat_(V%C3%B6lkerrecht)" title="Mandat (Völkerrecht) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mandat (Völkerrecht)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvasteliidu_mandaat" title="Rahvasteliidu mandaat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvasteliidu mandaat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Εντολή της Κοινωνίας των Εθνών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εντολή της Κοινωνίας των Εθνών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandato_de_la_Sociedad_de_las_Naciones" title="Mandato de la Sociedad de las Naciones – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mandato de la Sociedad de las Naciones" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandato_de_la_Ligo_de_Nacioj" title="Mandato de la Ligo de Nacioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mandato de la Ligo de Nacioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA" title="قیمومت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قیمومت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandat_de_la_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_Nations" title="Mandat de la Société des Nations – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mandat de la Société des Nations" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EC%9E%84%ED%86%B5%EC%B9%98%EB%A0%B9" title="위임통치령 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위임통치령" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մանդատային տարածքներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանդատային տարածքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandat_Liga_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Mandat Liga Bangsa-Bangsa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mandat Liga Bangsa-Bangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandato_della_Societ%C3%A0_delle_Nazioni" title="Mandato della Società delle Nazioni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mandato della Società delle Nazioni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%98_%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מנדט חבר הלאומים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנדט חבר הלאומים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatin%C4%97_teritorija" title="Mandatinė teritorija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mandatinė teritorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzetek_Sz%C3%B6vets%C3%A9ge_mand%C3%A1tum" title="Nemzetek Szövetsége mandátum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzetek Szövetsége mandátum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaatgebied" title="Mandaatgebied – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mandaatgebied" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E4%BB%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB" title="委任統治 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="委任統治" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaatlun" title="Mandaatlun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mandaatlun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatomr%C3%A5de" title="Mandatområde – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mandatområde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatomr%C3%A5de" title="Mandatområde – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mandatområde" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandat_hududlar" title="Mandat hududlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mandat hududlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terytorium_mandatowe" title="Terytorium mandatowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Terytorium mandatowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandato_da_Sociedade_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Mandato da Sociedade das Nações – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mandato da Sociedade das Nações" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandat_al_Ligii_Na%C8%9Biunilor" title="Mandat al Ligii Națiunilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mandat al Ligii Națiunilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мандатная территория – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мандатная территория" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mand%C3%A1tne_%C3%BAzemie" title="Mandátne územie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mandátne územie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ژێرفەرمانی کۆمەڵەی گەلان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژێرفەرمانی کۆمەڵەی گەلان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansainliiton_mandaattialue" title="Kansainliiton mandaattialue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansainliiton mandaattialue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NF-mandat" title="NF-mandat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="NF-mandat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ดินแดนในอาณัติของสันนิบาตชาติ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดินแดนในอาณัติของสันนิบาตชาติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Қаймумат – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қаймумат" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manda_(diplomasi)" title="Manda (diplomasi) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manda (diplomasi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Мандат Ліги Націй – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мандат Ліги Націй" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3nh_th%E1%BB%95_%E1%BB%A7y_tr%E1%BB%8B_H%E1%BB%99i_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Li%C3%AAn" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Territories administered by countries on behalf of the League of Nations</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:458px;max-width:458px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">League of Nations mandates</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:League_of_Nations_mandate_Middle_East_and_Africa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/League_of_Nations_mandate_Middle_East_and_Africa.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="218" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="218" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Class A</b>, mandates in Western Asia: <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/First_Syrian_Republic" title="First Syrian Republic">Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Lebanon" title="Greater Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq">Iraq</a></li></ol></div><br /> <b>Class B</b>, mandates in Africa: <div><ol start="6"><li><a href="/wiki/British_Togoland" title="British Togoland">British Togoland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_Togoland" title="French Togoland">French Togoland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/British_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cameroon">British Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_Cameroon" title="French Cameroon">French Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi" title="Ruanda-Urundi">Ruanda-Urundi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanganyika (territory)">Tanganyika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa</a></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:League_of_Nations_mandate_Pacific.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/League_of_Nations_mandate_Pacific.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="215" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="172" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Class C</b>, mandates in the Pacific: <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Pacific_Mandate" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Pacific Mandate">Japanese Pacific Mandate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea" title="Territory of New Guinea">Territory of New Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa_Trust_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa Trust Territory">Western Samoa</a></li></ol></div></div></div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Peace_Conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Paris_Peace_Conference.jpg/250px-Paris_Peace_Conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Paris_Peace_Conference.jpg/375px-Paris_Peace_Conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Paris_Peace_Conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="269" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">Covenant of the League of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Member states of the League of Nations">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Organisation of the League of Nations">Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Treaties" title="Minority Treaties">Minority Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Little Treaty of Versailles">Little Treaty of Versailles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mandates</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_231_of_the_Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles">"War Guilt" clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_reparations" title="World War I reparations">Reparations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawes_Plan" title="Dawes Plan">Dawes Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_conference_on_reparations" title="Hague conference on reparations">Hague conference on reparations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Plan" title="Young Plan">Young Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1932" title="Lausanne Conference of 1932">Lausanne Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locarno_Treaties" title="Locarno Treaties">Locarno Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II#Legacies_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War II">Possible cause of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Opium_Convention" title="International Opium Convention">International Opium Convention</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Millerand_letter" title="Millerand letter">Millerand letter</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">Partition of the Ottoman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_London_(1920)" title="Conference of London (1920)">Conference of London (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_National_Movement" title="Turkish National Movement">Turkish National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Others</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Commission_to_Negotiate_Peace" title="American Commission to Negotiate Peace">American Commission to Negotiate Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_of_Responsibilities" title="Commission of Responsibilities">Commission of Responsibilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inquiry" title="The Inquiry">The Inquiry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paris_Peace_Conference_sidebar" title="Template:Paris Peace Conference sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paris_Peace_Conference_sidebar" title="Template talk:Paris Peace Conference sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paris_Peace_Conference_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paris Peace Conference sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>League of Nations mandate</b> represented a <a href="/wiki/Legal_status" title="Legal status">legal status</a> under <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> for specific territories following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, involving the transfer of control from one nation to another. These mandates served as legal documents establishing the internationally agreed terms for administering the territory on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>. Combining elements of both a <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a>, these mandates contained <a href="/wiki/Minority_Treaties" title="Minority Treaties">minority rights clauses</a> that provided for the rights of petition and adjudication by the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_International_Justice" title="Permanent Court of International Justice">Permanent Court of International Justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mandate system was established under Article 22 of the <a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">Covenant of the League of Nations</a>, entered into force on 28 June 1919. With the dissolution of the League of Nations after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, it was stipulated at the <a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> that the remaining mandates should be placed under the trusteeship of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, subject to future discussions and formal agreements. Most of the remaining mandates of the League of Nations (with the exception of <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa</a>) thus eventually became <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_trust_territories" title="United Nations trust territories">United Nations trust territories</a>. </p><p>Two governing principles formed the core of the Mandate System, being non-annexation of the territory and its administration as a "sacred trust of civilisation" to develop the territory for the benefit of its native people.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to historian <a href="/wiki/Susan_Pedersen_(historian)" title="Susan Pedersen (historian)">Susan Pedersen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial administration</a> in the mandates did not differ substantially from colonial administration elsewhere. Even though the Covenant of the League committed the <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great powers</a> to govern the mandates differently, the main difference appeared to be that the colonial powers spoke differently about the mandates than their other colonial possessions.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basis">Basis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Basis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mandate system was established by Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, drafted by the victors of World War I. The article referred to territories which after the war were no longer ruled by their previous sovereign, but their peoples were not considered "able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world". The article called for such people's tutelage to be "entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility".<sup id="cite_ref-article22_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-article22-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> and South African General <a href="/wiki/Jan_Smuts" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a> played influential roles in pushing for the establishment of a mandates system.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mandates system reflected a compromise between Smuts (who wanted colonial powers to annex the territories) and Wilson (who wanted trusteeship over the territories).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Generalities">Generalities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Generalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All of the territories subject to League of Nations mandates were previously controlled by states defeated in World War I, principally <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Imperial Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. The mandates were fundamentally different from the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorates</a> in that the mandatory power undertook obligations to the inhabitants of the territory and to the League of Nations. </p><p>The process of establishing the mandates consisted of two phases: </p> <ol><li>The formal removal of <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> of the state previously controlling the territory.</li> <li>The transfer of mandatory powers to individual states among the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied Powers</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaties">Treaties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The divestiture of Germany's overseas colonies, along with three territories disentangled from its European homeland area (the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Klaipėda Region">Memel Territory</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Saar_Basin" title="Territory of the Saar Basin">Saar</a>), was accomplished in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> (1919), with the territories being allotted among the Allies on 7 May of that year. Ottoman territorial claims were first addressed in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a> (1920) and finalised in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a> (1923). The Ottoman territories were allotted among the Allied Powers at the <a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a> in 1920. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_mandates">Types of mandates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types of mandates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Article_22_of_Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations,_highlighting_the_three_mandate_classes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Article_22_of_Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations%2C_highlighting_the_three_mandate_classes.jpg/220px-Article_22_of_Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations%2C_highlighting_the_three_mandate_classes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Article_22_of_Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations%2C_highlighting_the_three_mandate_classes.jpg/330px-Article_22_of_Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations%2C_highlighting_the_three_mandate_classes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Article_22_of_Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations%2C_highlighting_the_three_mandate_classes.jpg/440px-Article_22_of_Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations%2C_highlighting_the_three_mandate_classes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="1211" /></a><figcaption>Article 22 of the <a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">Covenant of the League of Nations</a>, highlighting the three mandate classes: <div><ul><li>Red: <b>Class A</b> (ex Ottoman)</li><li>Blue: <b>Class B</b> (ex German Central Africa)</li><li>Yellow: <b>Class C</b> (ex German South West Africa and Pacific)</li></ul></div></figcaption></figure> <p>The League of Nations decided the exact level of control by the mandatory power over each mandate on an individual basis. However, in every case the mandatory power was forbidden to construct fortifications or raise an army within the territory of the mandate, and was required to present an annual report on the territory to the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Mandates_Commission" title="Permanent Mandates Commission">Permanent Mandates Commission</a> of the League of Nations. </p><p>The mandates were divided into three distinct groups based upon the level of development each population had achieved at that time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Class_A_mandates">Class A mandates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Class A mandates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first group, or <i>Class A mandates</i>, were territories formerly controlled by the Ottoman Empire that were deemed to "... have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognised subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Class_B_mandates">Class B mandates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Class B mandates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second group of mandates, or <i>Class B mandates</i>, were all former German colonies in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a>, referred to by Germany as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schutzgebiete</i></span> (protectorates or territories), which were deemed to require a greater level of control by the mandatory power: "...the Mandatory must be responsible for the administration of the territory under conditions which will guarantee freedom of conscience and religion." The mandatory power was forbidden to construct military or naval bases within the mandates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Class_C_mandates">Class C mandates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Class C mandates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Class C mandates</i>, including South West Africa and the South Pacific Islands, were considered to be "best administered under the laws of the Mandatory as integral portions of its territory." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_mandates">List of mandates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: List of mandates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Class</th> <th>Mandate</th> <th>Territory</th> <th>Mandate Power </th> <th>Prior name</th> <th>Prior sovereignty</th> <th style="width:50%">Comments </th> <th>Current state</th> <th class="unsortable">Document </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><b>A</b></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Lebanon" title="Greater Lebanon">Greater Lebanon</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></td> <td>Various Ottoman sanjaks</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td> <td>29 September 1923 – 24 October 1945. Joined the United Nations on 24 October 1945 as an independent state and Founding Member</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon.djvu" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon.djvu/page1-100px-Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon.djvu.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon.djvu/page1-150px-Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon.djvu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon.djvu/page1-200px-Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon.djvu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2211" data-file-height="3643" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Syrian_Republic" title="First Syrian Republic">Syria</a></td> <td>Various Ottoman sanjaks</td> <td>29 September 1923 – 24 October 1945: This mandate included <a href="/wiki/Hatay_Province" title="Hatay Province">Hatay Province</a> (a former Ottoman Alexandretta <a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">sanjak</a>), which broke away from the mandate on 2 September 1938 to become a separate French protectorate, which lasted until Hatay Province was ceded to the new <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a> on 29 June 1939. Joined the United Nations on 24 October 1945 as an independent state</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">Mandate for Palestine</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>Ottoman sanjaks of <a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nablus_Sanjak" title="Nablus Sanjak">Nablus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Acre_Sanjak" title="Acre Sanjak">Acre</a> </td> <td>29 September 1923 – 15 May 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine</a> for peacefully dividing the remainder of the Mandate failed.<sup id="cite_ref-Pugh_321–343_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugh_321–343-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mandate <a href="/wiki/End_of_the_British_Mandate_for_Palestine" title="End of the British Mandate for Palestine">terminated</a> at midnight between 14 May and 15 May 1948. On the evening of 14 May, the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel" title="Jewish Agency for Israel">Jewish Agency for Palestine</a> had declared the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">establishment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">war</a>, 75% of the area was controlled by the new State of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-OsmańczykMango2003_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OsmańczykMango2003-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other parts, until 1967, formed the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine Government</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a>-controlled <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine">Palestine</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandate_for_Palestine_(legal_instrument).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mandate_for_Palestine_%28legal_instrument%29.png/100px-Mandate_for_Palestine_%28legal_instrument%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mandate_for_Palestine_%28legal_instrument%29.png/150px-Mandate_for_Palestine_%28legal_instrument%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mandate_for_Palestine_%28legal_instrument%29.png/200px-Mandate_for_Palestine_%28legal_instrument%29.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Emirate of Transjordan</a></td> <td>Ottoman sanjaks of <a href="/wiki/Hauran_Sanjak" title="Hauran Sanjak">Hauran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karak_Sanjak" title="Karak Sanjak">Ma'an</a></td> <td>In April 1921, the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Emirate of Transjordan</a> was provisionally added as an autonomous area under the United Kingdom,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it became the independent <a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">Hashemite</a> Kingdom of Transjordan (later <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>) on 17 June 1946 upon joint ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1946)" title="Treaty of London (1946)">Treaty of London of 1946</a>.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Indirect</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq">Mandatory Iraq</a></td> <td>Various Ottoman sanjaks</td> <td>The draft <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Mesopotamia" title="Mandate for Mesopotamia">British Mandate for Mesopotamia</a> was not enacted and was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_Treaty_of_1922" title="Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1922">Anglo-Iraqi Treaty</a> of October 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968595_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968595-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain committed to act the responsibilities of a Mandatory Power in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968593_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968593-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iraq attained independence from the United Kingdom on 3 October 1932.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglo_Iraq_Treaty_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Anglo_Iraq_Treaty_1922.jpg/100px-Anglo_Iraq_Treaty_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Anglo_Iraq_Treaty_1922.jpg/150px-Anglo_Iraq_Treaty_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Anglo_Iraq_Treaty_1922.jpg/200px-Anglo_Iraq_Treaty_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="2483" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><b>B</b></td> <td>Belgian Mandate for East Africa</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi" title="Ruanda-Urundi">Ruanda-Urundi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a></td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></td> <td>From 20 July 1922 to 13 December 1946. Formerly two separate German protectorates, they were joined as a single mandate on 20 July 1922. From 1 March 1926 to 30 June 1960, Ruanda-Urundi was in administrative union with the neighbouring colony of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a>. After 13 December 1946, it became a United Nations trust territory, remaining under Belgian administration until the separate nations of <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> gained independence on 1 July 1962.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgian_Mandate_for_East_Africa.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Belgian_Mandate_for_East_Africa.pdf/page1-100px-Belgian_Mandate_for_East_Africa.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Belgian_Mandate_for_East_Africa.pdf/page1-150px-Belgian_Mandate_for_East_Africa.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Belgian_Mandate_for_East_Africa.pdf/page1-200px-Belgian_Mandate_for_East_Africa.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="1870" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>British Mandate for East Africa<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall1948303_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1948303-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika Territory</a></td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td>From 20 July 1922 to 11 December 1946. It became a United Nations trust territory on 11 December 1946, and was granted internal self-rule on 1 May 1961. On 9 December 1961, it became independent while retaining the British monarch as nominal head of state, transforming into a republic on the same day the next year. On 26 April 1964, Tanganyika merged with the neighbouring island of <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> to become the modern nation of <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></td> <td><i><small>Equivalent document as for Ruanda-Urundi, with all articles substantially the same</small></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968611_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968611-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>British Mandate for the Cameroons</td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cameroon">British Cameroon</a></td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">German Kamerun</a></td> <td>Became part of the United Nations trust territories after World War II on 13 December 1946</td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td><i><small>Equivalent document as for French Cameroons, with all articles substantially the same</small></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968616_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968616-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>French Mandate for the Cameroons</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Cameroon" title="French Cameroon">French Cameroon</a></td> <td>France</td> <td>Under a <a href="/wiki/Resident_minister" title="Resident minister">Resident</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Commissioner" title="Commissioner">Commissioner</a> until 27 August 1940, then under a <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Cameroon" title="List of colonial governors of Cameroon">governor</a>. Became part of the United Nations trust territories after World War II on 13 December 1946</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Mandate_for_the_Cameroons.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/French_Mandate_for_the_Cameroons.pdf/page1-100px-French_Mandate_for_the_Cameroons.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/French_Mandate_for_the_Cameroons.pdf/page1-150px-French_Mandate_for_the_Cameroons.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/French_Mandate_for_the_Cameroons.pdf/page1-200px-French_Mandate_for_the_Cameroons.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1868" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>British Mandate for Togoland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Togoland" title="British Togoland">British Togoland</a></td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Togoland" title="Togoland">German Togoland</a></td> <td>British Administrator post filled by the colonial Governor of the British <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a> (present day <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>) except 30 September 1920 – 11 October 1923 Francis Walter Fillon Jackson). Transformed on 13 December 1946 into a United Nations trust territory; on 13 December 1956 it ceased to exist as it became part of Ghana.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volta_Region" title="Volta Region">Volta Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></td> <td><i><small>Equivalent document as for French Togoland, with all articles substantially the same</small></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968616_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968616-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>French Mandate for Togoland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Togoland" title="French Togoland">French Togoland</a></td> <td>France</td> <td>French Togoland under a Commissioner till 30 August 1956, then under a <a href="/wiki/High_commissioner" title="High commissioner">High Commissioner</a> as the Autonomous Republic of <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Mandate_for_Togoland_WDL11571.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/French_Mandate_for_Togoland_WDL11571.pdf/page1-100px-French_Mandate_for_Togoland_WDL11571.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/French_Mandate_for_Togoland_WDL11571.pdf/page1-150px-French_Mandate_for_Togoland_WDL11571.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/French_Mandate_for_Togoland_WDL11571.pdf/page1-200px-French_Mandate_for_Togoland_WDL11571.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1618" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><b>C</b></td> <td>Mandate for the German Possessions in the Pacific Ocean situated South of the Equator other than German Samoa and Nauru</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea" title="Territory of New Guinea">Territory of New Guinea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></td> <td>Included German New Guinea and "the group of islands in the Pacific Ocean lying south of the equator other than German Samoa and Nauru".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968618_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968618-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 17 December 1920 under an (at first Military) Administrator; after (wartime) Japanese/U.S. military commands from 8 December 1946 under UN mandate as North East New Guinea (under Australia, as administrative unit), until it became part of present <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> at independence in 1975</td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></td> <td><i><small>Equivalent document as for Nauru, with all articles substantially the same</small></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968618_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968618-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mandate for Nauru</td> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru#World_War_I_to_World_War_II" title="History of Nauru">Nauru</a></td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td>British mandate, administered by Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Became part of the United Nations trust territories after liberation from Japanese occupation in World War II</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandate_for_Nauru_WDL468.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mandate_for_Nauru_WDL468.pdf/page1-100px-Mandate_for_Nauru_WDL468.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mandate_for_Nauru_WDL468.pdf/page1-150px-Mandate_for_Nauru_WDL468.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mandate_for_Nauru_WDL468.pdf/page1-200px-Mandate_for_Nauru_WDL468.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1504" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mandate for the German Possessions in the Pacific Ocean lying North of the Equator<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall1948307_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1948307-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_Mandate" title="South Seas Mandate">South Seas Mandate</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>Known as the <a href="/wiki/South_Seas_Mandate" title="South Seas Mandate">South Seas Mandate</a>. Became part of the United Nations trust territories and administered by the United States after World War II</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></td> <td><i><small>Equivalent document as for Nauru, with all articles substantially the same</small></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968618_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968618-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mandate for German Samoa</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa_Trust_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa Trust Territory">Western Samoa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Samoa" title="German Samoa">German Samoa</a></td> <td>From 17 December 1920 a League of Nations mandate, renamed Western Samoa (as opposed to <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>), from 25 January 1947 a United Nations trust territory until its independence on 1 January 1962</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></td> <td><i><small>Equivalent document as for Nauru, with all articles substantially the same</small></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968618_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968618-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mandate for German South West Africa</td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_South_West_Africa" title="German South West Africa">German South West Africa</a></td> <td>From 1 October 1922, <a href="/wiki/Walvis_Bay" title="Walvis Bay">Walvis Bay</a>'s administration (still merely having a <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">Magistrate</a> until its 16 March 1931 Municipal status, hence a <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a>) was also assigned to the mandate.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></td> <td><i><small>Equivalent document as for Nauru, with all articles substantially the same</small></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968618_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968618-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules_of_establishment">Rules of establishment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rules of establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_league_of_nations_mandate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Map_of_league_of_nations_mandate.png/220px-Map_of_league_of_nations_mandate.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Map_of_league_of_nations_mandate.png/330px-Map_of_league_of_nations_mandate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Map_of_league_of_nations_mandate.png/440px-Map_of_league_of_nations_mandate.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Map of the League of Nations mandates</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the Council of the League of Nations, meeting of August 1920:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "draft mandates adopted by the Allied and Associated Powers would not be definitive until they had been considered and approved by the League... the legal title held by the mandatory Power must be a double one: one conferred by the Principal Powers and the other conferred by the League of Nations."<sup id="cite_ref-Wright_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three steps were required to establish a Mandate under international law: (1) The Principal Allied and Associated Powers confer a mandate on one of their number or on a third power; (2) the principal powers officially notify the council of the League of Nations that a certain power has been appointed mandatory for such a certain defined territory; and (3) the council of the League of Nations takes official cognisance of the appointment of the mandatory power and informs the latter that it [the council] considers it as invested with the mandate, and at the same time notifies it of the terms of the mandate, after ascertaining whether they are in conformance with the provisions of the covenant."<sup id="cite_ref-Wright_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. State Department</a>'s <i>Digest of International Law</i> says that the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne provided for the application of the principles of <a href="/wiki/Succession_of_states" title="Succession of states">state succession</a> to the "A" Mandates. The Treaty of Versailles provisionally recognised the former Ottoman communities as independent nations.<sup id="cite_ref-article22_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-article22-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also required Germany to recognise the disposition of the former Ottoman territories and to recognise the new states laid down within their boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terms of the Treaty of Lausanne required the newly created states that acquired the territory detached from the Ottoman Empire to pay annuities on the Ottoman public debt and to assume responsibility for the administration of concessions that had been granted by the Ottomans. The treaty also let the States acquire, without payment, all the property and possessions of the Ottoman Empire situated within their territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Lausanne_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lausanne-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treaty provided that the League of Nations was responsible for establishing an arbitral court to resolve disputes that might arise and stipulated that its decisions were final.<sup id="cite_ref-Lausanne_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lausanne-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> A disagreement regarding the legal status and the portion of the annuities to be paid by the "A" mandates was settled when an Arbitrator ruled that some of the mandates contained more than one State:</p><blockquote><p>The difficulty arises here how one is to regard the Asiatic countries under the British and French mandates. Iraq is a Kingdom in regard to which Great Britain has undertaken responsibilities equivalent to those of a Mandatory Power. Under the British mandate, Palestine and Transjordan have each an entirely separate organisation. We are, therefore, in the presence of three States sufficiently separate to be considered as distinct Parties. France has received a single mandate from the Council of the League of Nations, but in the countries subject to that mandate, one can distinguish two distinct States: Syria and the Lebanon, each State possessing its own constitution and a nationality clearly different from the other.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_history">Later history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Later history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> was founded in 1945 and the League of Nations was disbanded, all but one of the mandated territories became <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_trust_territories" title="United Nations trust territories">United Nations trust territories</a>, a roughly equivalent status.<sup id="cite_ref-Pugh_321–343_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugh_321–343-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In each case, the colonial power that held the mandate on each territory became the administering power of the trusteeship, except that of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>, which had been defeated in World War II, lost its mandate over the South Pacific islands, which became a "strategic trust territory" known as the <a href="/wiki/Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands">Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands</a> under U.S. administration. </p><p>The sole exception to the transformation of the League of Nations mandates into UN trusteeships was that of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and its mandated territory <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa</a>. Rather than placing South West Africa under trusteeship like other former mandates, South Africa proposed <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexation</a>, a proposition rejected by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a>. Despite South Africa's resistance, the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> affirmed that South Africa continued to have international obligations regarding the South West Africa mandate. Eventually, in 1990, the mandated territory, now <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, gained independence, culminating from the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Accord_(1988)" title="Tripartite Accord (1988)">Tripartite Accords</a> and the resolution of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a> — a prolonged guerrilla conflict against the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> regime that lasted from 1966 until 1990. </p><p>Nearly all the former League of Nations mandates had become <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a> by 1990, including all of the former UN trust territories with the exception of a few successor entities of the gradually dismembered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (formerly Japan's South Pacific Trust Mandate). These exceptions include the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> which is a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">commonwealth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Political_union" title="Political union">political union</a> with the U.S. with the status of <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">unincorporated organised territory</a>. The Northern Mariana Islands does elect its own <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="List of governors of the Northern Mariana Islands">governor</a> to serve as territorial <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, but it remains a U.S. territory with its <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> being the President of the United States and <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal funds</a> to the commonwealth administered by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insular_Affairs" title="Office of Insular Affairs">Office of Insular Affairs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a>. </p><p>Remnant <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, the heirs of the last territories of the Trust, attained final independence on 22 December 1990. (The UN Security Council ratified termination of trusteeship, effectively dissolving trusteeship status, on 10 July 1987.) The <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Republic of Palau</a>, split off from the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a>, became the last to effectively gain its independence, on 1 October 1994. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_trust_territories" title="United Nations trust territories">United Nations trust territories</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_and_references">Sources and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anghie, Antony "Colonialism and the Birth of International Institutions: Sovereignty, Economy, and the Mandate System of the League of Nations" 34 (3) New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 513 (2002)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHall1948" class="citation book cs1">Hall, H. Duncan (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55036/page/n315"><i>Mandates, Dependencies and Trusteeship</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mandates%2C+Dependencies+and+Trusteeship&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=H.+Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.55036%2Fpage%2Fn315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Nele Matz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpil.de/files/pdf2/mpunyb_matz_9_47_95.pdf">Civilization and the Mandate System under the League of Nations as Origin of Trusteeship</a>, in: A. von Bogdandy and R. Wolfrum, (eds.), Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, Volume 9, 2005, p. 47–95.</li> <li>Pugh, Jeffrey, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262864875_Whose_Brother%27s_Keeper_International_Trusteeship_and_the_Search_for_Peace_in_the_Palestinian_Territories">Whose Brother's Keeper? International Trusteeship and the Search for Peace in the Palestinian Territories</a>", <i>International Studies Perspectives</i> 13, no. 4 (November 2012): 321–343.</li> <li>Tamburini, Francesco "I mandati della Società delle Nazioni", in <i>Africana, Rivista di Studi Extraeuropei</i>, n.XV – 2009, pp. 99–122.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Wright" title="Quincy Wright">Wright, Quincy</a> (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027342156"><i>Mandates Under the League of Nations</i></a>. Greenwood Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mandates+Under+the+League+of+Nations&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Quincy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015027342156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bruce, Scot David, <i>Woodrow Wilson's Colonial Emissary: Edward M. House and the Origins of the Mandate System, 1917–1919</i> (University of Nebraska Press, 2013).</li> <li>Callahan, Michael D. <i>Mandates and empire: the League of Nations and Africa, 1914–1931</i> (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 1999)</li> <li>Haas, Ernst B. "The reconciliation of conflicting colonial policy aims: acceptance of the League of Nations mandate system," <i>International Organization</i> (1952) 6#4 pp: 521–536.</li> <li>Margalith, Aaron M. <i>The International Mandates</i> (1930) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/239356/the-international-mandates">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104504/https://www.questia.com/library/239356/the-international-mandates">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Mazower, Mark. 2013. <i>No Enchanted Palace: The End of Empire and the Ideological Origins of the United Nations</i>. Princeton University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Pedersen_(historian)" title="Susan Pedersen (historian)">Pedersen, Susan</a>. <i>The Guardians: the League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire,</i> (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)</li> <li>Sluglett, Peter. "An improvement on colonialism? The 'A' mandates and their legacy in the Middle East," <i>International Affairs</i> (2014) 90#2 pp. 413–427. On the former Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150106103217/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/53/5595.pdf">"Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Court of Justice</i>: 28–32. 21 June 1971. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/53/5595.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Court+of+Justice&rft.atitle=Legal+Consequences+for+States+of+the+Continued+Presence+of+South+Africa+in+Namibia+%28South+West+Africa%29+notwithstanding+Security+Council+Resolution+276+%281970%29&rft.pages=28-32&rft.date=1971-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F53%2F5595.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matz, 2005, pp 70-71, "Primarily, two elements formed the core of the Mandate System, the principle of non-annexation of the territory on the one hand and its administration as a 'sacred trust of civilisation' on the other... The principle of administration as a 'sacred trust of civilisation' was designed to prevent a practice of imperial exploitation of the mandated territory in contrast to former colonial habits. Instead, the Mandatory's administration should assist in developing the territory for the well-being of its native people."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedersen2012" class="citation book cs1">Pedersen, Susan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203621042-12/settler-colonialism-bar-league-nations-susan-pedersen">"Settler Colonialism at the Bar of the League of Nations"</a>. In Elkins, Caroline; Pedersen, Susan (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203621042/settler-colonialism-twentieth-century-caroline-elkins-susan-pedersen"><i>Settler Colonialism in the Twentieth Century</i></a> (published 2005). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203621042">10.4324/9780203621042</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203621042" title="Special:BookSources/9780203621042"><bdi>9780203621042</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Settler+Colonialism+at+the+Bar+of+the+League+of+Nations&rft.btitle=Settler+Colonialism+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203621042&rft.isbn=9780203621042&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9780203621042-12%2Fsettler-colonialism-bar-league-nations-susan-pedersen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-article22-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-article22_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-article22_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/versa/versa1.html">"See Article 22 of the Peace Treaty of Versailles"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100625045953/http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/versa/versa1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147683015">147683015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+System+of+Mandates+Under+the+League+of+Nations&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=563-583&rft.date=1922&rft.issn=0003-0554&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147683015%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1943638%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1943638&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Pitman+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0003055400019997%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1923" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Quincy (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/sovereignty-of-the-mandates/04449FEAB2461804FB4986EEF6ABD839">"Sovereignty of the Mandates"</a>. <i>American Journal of International Law</i>. <b>17</b> (4): 691–703. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2188657">10.2307/2188657</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9300">0002-9300</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2188657">2188657</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147557607">147557607</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Sovereignty+of+the+Mandates&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=691-703&rft.date=1923&rft.issn=0002-9300&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147557607%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2188657%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2188657&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Quincy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Famerican-journal-of-international-law%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fsovereignty-of-the-mandates%2F04449FEAB2461804FB4986EEF6ABD839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKripp2022" class="citation journal cs1">Kripp, Jacob (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/creative-advance-must-be-defended-miscegenation-metaphysics-and-race-war-in-jan-smutss-vision-of-the-league-of-nations/B9B5FFB577776A1A38A65E9224EB1BD9">"The Creative Advance Must Be Defended: Miscegenation, Metaphysics, and Race War in Jan Smuts's Vision of the League of Nations"</a>. <i>American Political Science Review</i>. <b>116</b> (3): 940–953. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055421001362">10.1017/S0003055421001362</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0554">0003-0554</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244938442">244938442</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=The+Creative+Advance+Must+Be+Defended%3A+Miscegenation%2C+Metaphysics%2C+and+Race+War+in+Jan+Smuts%27s+Vision+of+the+League+of+Nations&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=940-953&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244938442%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0003-0554&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003055421001362&rft.aulast=Kripp&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Famerican-political-science-review%2Farticle%2Fcreative-advance-must-be-defended-miscegenation-metaphysics-and-race-war-in-jan-smutss-vision-of-the-league-of-nations%2FB9B5FFB577776A1A38A65E9224EB1BD9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1919Parisv13&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=101">"Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, The Paris Peace Conference, 1919 Volume XIII, Annotations to the treaty of peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany, signed at Versailles, June 28, 1919"</a>. <i>Foreign Relations of the United States</i>. United States State Department. June 28, 1919<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The International Court of Justice (ICJ). 2004. p. 165. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2011</span>. <q>70. Palestine was part of the Ottoman Empire. At the end of the First World War, a class "A" Mandate for Palestine was entrusted to Great Britain by the League of Nations, pursuant to paragraph 4 of Article 22 of the Covenant</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Advisory+Opinions&rft.atitle=Legal+Consequences+of+the+Construction+of+a+Wall+in+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territory&rft.pages=165&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F131%2F1671.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0CEFDF1239EF3ABC4851DFB1668389639EDE">"Italy Holds up Class A Mandates"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2011</span>. <q>LONDON, July 19. – The A mandates, which govern the British occupation of Palestine and the French occupation of Syria, came today before the Council of the League of Nations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Italy+Holds+up+Class+A+Mandates&rft.date=1922-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9B0CEFDF1239EF3ABC4851DFB1668389639EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pugh_321–343-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pugh_321–343_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pugh_321–343_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugh2012" class="citation journal cs1">Pugh, Jeffrey D. (2012-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/isp/article-abstract/13/4/321/1786157/Whose-Brother-s-Keeper-International-Trusteeship">"Whose Brother's Keeper? International Trusteeship and the Search for Peace in the Palestinian Territories"</a>. <i>International Studies Perspectives</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 321–343. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1528-3585.2012.00483.x">10.1111/j.1528-3585.2012.00483.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1528-3577">1528-3577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Studies+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Whose+Brother%27s+Keeper%3F+International+Trusteeship+and+the+Search+for+Peace+in+the+Palestinian+Territories&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=321-343&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1528-3585.2012.00483.x&rft.issn=1528-3577&rft.aulast=Pugh&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fisp%2Farticle-abstract%2F13%2F4%2F321%2F1786157%2FWhose-Brother-s-Keeper-International-Trusteeship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Declaration+of+Establishment+of+State+of+Israel.htm">Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs: The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116103234/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Declaration+of+Establishment+of+State+of+Israel.htm">Archived</a> 2013-01-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. May 14, 1948: Retrieved 28 January 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OsmańczykMango2003-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OsmańczykMango2003_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmund_Jan_OsmańczykAnthony_Mango2003" class="citation book cs1">Edmund Jan Osmańczyk; Anthony Mango (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1178"><i>Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 1178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93922-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93922-5"><bdi>978-0-415-93922-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+United+Nations+and+International+Agreements%3A+G+to+M&rft.pages=1178&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93922-5&rft.au=Edmund+Jan+Osma%C5%84czyk&rft.au=Anthony+Mango&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfSIMXHMdfkkC%26pg%3DPA1178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P4cjDhBXV-4C&pg=PA21">The Making of Jordan: Tribes, Colonialism and the Modern State, By Yoav Alon, Published by I.B.Tauris, 2007</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84511-138-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84511-138-9">1-84511-138-9</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x7qEqVpq9poC&pg=PA89">Determining Boundaries in a Conflicted World: The Role of Uti Possidetis, By Suzanne Lalonde, Published by McGill-Queen's Press (MQUP), 2002</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2424-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2424-X">0-7735-2424-X</a>, pp. 89–100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968595-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968595_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright1968">Wright 1968</a>, p. 595.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968593-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968593_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright1968">Wright 1968</a>, p. 593.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1948303-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall1948303_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHall1948">Hall 1948</a>, p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968611-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968611_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright1968">Wright 1968</a>, p. 611.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968616-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968616_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968616_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright1968">Wright 1968</a>, p. 616.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1968618-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968618_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968618_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968618_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968618_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1968618_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright1968">Wright 1968</a>, p. 618.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1948307-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall1948307_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHall1948">Hall 1948</a>, p. 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Treaty of Peace and South West Africa Mandate Bill of 1919</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(pp. 109–110)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wright_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wright_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Quincy Wright, Mandates under the League of Nations, Univ.Chicago Press, 1930.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also: Temperley, History of the Paris Peace Conference, Vol VI, pp. 505–506; League of Nations, The Mandates System (official publication of 1945); Hill, Mandates, Dependencies and Trusteeship, pp. 133ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/versa/versa15.html">"See Article 434 of the Peace Treaty of Versailles"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100625051627/http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/versa/versa15.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+Article+434+of+the+Peace+Treaty+of+Versailles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnet.lib.byu.edu%2F~rdh7%2Fwwi%2Fversa%2Fversa15.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lausanne-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lausanne_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lausanne_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Lausanne">"Article 47, 60, and Protocol XII, Article 9 of the Treaty of Lausanne"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130112221242/http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Lausanne">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+47%2C+60%2C+and+Protocol+XII%2C+Article+9+of+the+Treaty+of+Lausanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwi.lib.byu.edu%2Findex.php%2FTreaty_of_Lausanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Nations+mandate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Marjorie M. Whiteman, Digest of International Law, vol. 1 (Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1963) pp. 650–652, 21 Apr. 2010</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">Covenant of the League of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Member states of the League of Nations">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Organisation of the League of Nations">Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Treaties" title="Minority Treaties">Minority Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Little Treaty of Versailles">Little Treaty of Versailles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mandates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_231_of_the_Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles">"War guilt" clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_reparations" title="World War I reparations">Reparations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparation_Commission" title="Reparation Commission">Reparation Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawes_Plan" title="Dawes Plan">Dawes Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_conference_on_reparations" title="Hague conference on reparations">Hague conference on reparations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Plan" title="Young Plan">Young Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1932" title="Lausanne Conference of 1932">Lausanne Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locarno_Treaties" title="Locarno Treaties">Locarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stresa_Front" title="Stresa Front">Stresa Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Possible cause of the Second World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Opium_Convention" title="International Opium Convention">International Opium Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsequent treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">Partition of the Ottoman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_London_(1920)" title="Conference of London (1920)">Conference of London (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_National_Movement" title="Turkish National Movement">Turkish National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(World_War_I)" title="Big Four 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