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The consensus among orthography workers is that community involvement is critical at every stage of development, from initial planning, to wading through the language discovery and initial" /> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.sil.org/orthography/community-participation-and-stakeholders" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.sil.org/node/120686" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SIL Global" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.sil.org/orthography/community-participation-and-stakeholders" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Community participation and stakeholders" /> <meta property="og:description" content="(See also Methodology on the Topical Resources page) The days when an outside linguist would come into a language community and unilaterally establish an orthography are almost totally gone. The consensus among orthography workers is that community involvement is critical at every stage of development, from initial planning, to wading through the language discovery and initial proposal, to testing and approval. If an orthography is to be actually put into use, then the potential users must accept and approve it." /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-03-15T09:30:57-05:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.sil.org/orthography/community-participation-and-stakeholders" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Community participation and stakeholders" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="(See also Methodology on the Topical Resources page) The days when an outside linguist would come into a language community and unilaterally establish an orthography are almost totally gone. The" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2016-10-19T10:24:56-05:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-03-15T09:30:57-05:00" /> <title>Community participation and stakeholders | SIL Global</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.sil.org/sites/default/files/css/css_lQaZfjVpwP_oGNqdtWCSpJT1EMqXdMiU84ekLLxQnc4.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.sil.org/sites/default/files/css/css_EM9PzeHZt2AxxQ3R05nXINg9akBOG66G3hxOgWtlp2E.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.sil.org/sites/default/files/css/css_br5moiSfXe70Pay534_aftmsbDHvxZ7a50L-Zq1uvrs.css" media="all" /> <style>.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-region { padding: 0; } .panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-region-inside { padding-right: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; } .panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-region-inside-first { padding-left: 0; } .panels-flexible-new 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class="main-container container"> <div class="row"> <section class="col-md-8 main-content-column"> <div id="page-title"> <h1 class="page-title">Community participation and stakeholders</h1> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <section id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix"> <div class="ds-1col node node-expertise-page view-mode-full clearfix"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>(See also <a href="https://www.sil.org/orthography/topical-resources">Methodology </a>on the Topical Resources page)</p> <p>The days when an outside linguist would come into a language community and unilaterally establish an orthography are almost totally gone. The consensus among orthography workers is that community involvement is critical at every stage of development, from initial planning, to wading through the language discovery and initial proposal, to testing and approval. If an orthography is to be actually put into use, then the potential users must accept and approve it. An <em>acceptable </em>orthography generally is one that has had language community input, preferably from the beginning stages. But as the Adams study below shows, if one does not choose the right people to work with, the results can be disastrous. See the <a href="/sites/default/files/factors_to_check_in_developing_orthography_jan_27_2017.pdf">list of possible stakeholders</a>.</p> <ul> <li>Adams, Larin. 2014. “Case Studies of Orthography Decision Making in Southeast Asia.” In <em>Developing Orthographies for Unwritten languages, </em>edited by Michael Cahill and Keren Rice, 231–250. Dallas: SIL International.</li> <li>Bos, Kees Jan, Mirjam Bos, and Christina Page. 2008<span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 44.2%; top: 20.09%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*12.00px); font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.902928);">. </span><a href="https://www.seameo.org/_ld2008/doucments/Presentation_document/MicrosoftWord_CommunityBasedOrthographyDevelopment_Experiences_fromthe_Kuy_with_edits.pdf">Community-based orthography development: Experiences from the Kuy</a>. <a href="https://www.seameo.org/w5">semeo.org</a>.</li> <li>Boswell, Freddy. 2008. <a href="http://www.seameo.org/_ld2008/doucments/Presentation_document/BoswellChekeHoloOrthography.pdf">Cheke Holo orthography: Ethnic language community decision-making and the role of trained linguists.</a> Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Language Development, Language Revitalization, and Multilingual Education in Ethnolinguistic Communities, Bangkok, Thailand, July 2008.</li> <li>Bow, Catherine. 2013. Community-based orthography development in four Western Zambian languages. Writing Systems Research 5:1, 73–87.</li> <li>Clarkson, Jonny, and Elena Iurkova. 2015.<u><cite> <a href="https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/63843">Important Factors in the Development of an Orthography: Shin-Shorsu Rutul—a Case Study</a>. </cite></u><cite>SIL Forum for Language Fieldwork 2015-02.</cite> Describes the linguistics AND the intensive community input for developing the Rutul orthography.</li> <li>Easton, Catherine. 2003. <a href="https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/65414">Alphabet Design Workshops in Papua New Guinea: A Community-Based Approach to Orthography Development. </a>Paper presented at the Conference on language development, language revitalization and multilingual education in minority communities in Asia. Bangkok, Thailand: SIL International, Mahidol University, UNESCO.</li> <li>Easton, Catherine, and Diane Wroge. 2012. <a href="https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/51482">Manual for Alphabet Design through Community Interaction for Papua New Guinea Elementary Teacher Trainers.</a> Ukarumpa: SIL Papua New Guinea.</li> <li>Hudson, Joyce. 1984. <a href="https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/83/10/08/83100826880543487217608318238574432357/NOL_49_%281986%29_An_orthography_chosen_by_those_who_speak_Gooniyandi.pdf">An orthography chosen by those who speak Gooniyandi</a>. Notes on Literacy 49:11–13.</li> <li>Kisilier, Maxim. 2016. how to write an oral dialect, or about some problems of the Tsakonian Corpus. <cite>Proceedings of the 7th tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics, Antonis Botinis (ed.), July 1-2, 2016, St. Petersburg, Russia. International Speech Communication Association. </cite>(The last paragraphs describe the community rejection of an orthography that was developed and proposed by a single outside researcher.)</li> <li>Kutsch Lojenga, Constance. 1996. <a href="https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/4087">Participatory Research in Linguistics</a>. Notes on Linguistics 73: 13-27.</li> <li>Oko, Christina M. Willis. 2018. <a href="https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/24761/1/oko.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Orthography development for Darma (The case that wasn’t)</a>. Language Documentation and Conservation 12:15-46.</li> <li>Page, Christina. 2013. <span class="NLM_article-title hlFld-title"><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01434632.2013.783035">A new orthography in an unfamiliar script: a case study in participatory engagement strategies</a>. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 34(5):459-474.</span></li> <li>Person, Kirk R. 1999. <a href="http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/person2001writing.pdf">Writing Bisu: A Community-Based Approach to Orthography Development</a>. In: Graham W. Thurgood (ed.), Papers from the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. Arizona State University.</li> <li>Roberts, David. 2014. <a href="https://main.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/index.php/downloads/download/120-volume-41-number-2/621-professional-networking-a-prerequisite-for-participatory-orthography-research-in-kabiye-togo">Professional networking: a prerequisite for orthography research in Kabiye</a> (Togo). Journal of West African Languages 41.2 :103-116.</li> <li>Sackett, Kathleen. 2013. Developing a linguistically-informed community-based orthography with the Tsakhur in Azerbaijan. Dallas, TX: Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics. (MA thesis.)</li> <li>Sackett, Kathleen D. 2017. Community-Driven, Goal-Centered Orthography Development: A Tsakhur Case Study. In Jones, Mari C. and Damien Mooney, Creating Orthographies for Endangered Languages. Cambridge University Press, pp. 88-108.</li> <li>Swan, Philip. 2023. <a href="https://www.sila.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Swan_2023.pdf">Mark my words! Writing Namblong, according to Namblong, by Namblong, for Namblong.</a><i> </i>[working paper, revised thesis]</li> <li>Trudell, Barbara. 2010.<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01434632.2010.497216"> Language, culture, development and politics: dimensions of local agency in language development in Africa</a>. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 31: 4, 403-419.</li> <li>Wrigley, Matthew. 1991. <a href="https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/11/31/63/113163408508635427564807461791201677458/NOL_17.3_%281991%29_Community_involvement_in_orthography_development.pdf">Community Involvement in Orthography Development: Devising an orthography for Bunuba</a>. Notes on Literacy 17:3, 19-24.</li> <li>Yunick, Stanley. 2000. Linguistics, TESL, and language planning in Micronesia. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 30(1):183–200.</li> </ul> </div></div></div></div> </section> </div> </section> <aside class="col-md-3 sidebar-second-wrapper" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-menu-block-4" class="block block-menu-block clearfix"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-4 menu-name-menu-expertise parent-mlid-0 menu-level-3"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first last expanded active-trail menu-mlid-45391 active"><a href="/orthography" class="active-trail">Orthography</a><ul><li class="first expanded active-trail menu-mlid-45376 active"><a href="/orthography/topical-resources" class="active-trail">Topical Resources</a><ul><li class="first leaf active-trail active menu-mlid-45416 active active"><a href="/orthography/community-participation-and-stakeholders" class="active-trail active">• Community participation</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-110341"><a href="/orthography/conferences">• Conferences</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45421"><a href="/orthography/dialects">• Dialects</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45426"><a href="/orthography/endangered-languages">• Endangered languages</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-59776"><a href="/orthography/fonts-and-technical-issues">• Fonts and technical issues</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45431"><a href="/orthography/linguistics-and-orthography">• Linguistics</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45436"><a href="/orthography/naming-symbols">• Naming the symbols</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45441"><a href="/orthography/psycholinguistics-education-factors">• Psycholinguistics & Education factors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-59771"><a href="/orthography/punctuation">• Punctuation</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45446"><a href="/orthography/reform-orthographies">• Reform of orthographies</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45451"><a href="/orthography/script-issues">• Script issues</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45456"><a href="/orthography/sociopolitics">• Sociopolitics</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45461"><a href="/orthography/stages-orthography-development">• Stages of orthography</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45466"><a href="/orthography/standardization">• Standardization</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45471"><a href="/orthography/testing-and-experiments">• Testing and experiments</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-47536"><a href="/orthography/tone">• Tone</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-103286"><a href="/orthography/training-and-teaching">• Training and teaching</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-103281"><a href="/www.sil.org/orthography/vowels">• Vowels</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-48606"><a href="/https%3A//www.sil.org/orthography/word-breaks">• Word breaks</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-45476"><a href="/orthography/writing-orthography-statement-or-report">• Writing up a report</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last expanded menu-mlid-45381"><a href="/orthography/area-resources">Area Resources</a><ul><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-45396"><a href="/orthography/africa">• Africa</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45401"><a href="/orthography/americas">• Americas</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-45406"><a href="/orthography/asia">• Asia</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-45411"><a href="/orthography/pacific">• Pacific</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></div> </section> </div> </aside>  </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer-top"> <div class="container"> <div class="region region-footer"> <section id="block-panels-mini-sil-bootstrap-footer-menu" class="block block-panels-mini clearfix"> <div class="panel-flexible panels-flexible-new clearfix" id="mini-panel-sil_bootstrap_footer_menu"> <div class="panel-flexible-inside panels-flexible-new-inside"> <div class="panels-flexible-row panels-flexible-row-new-main-row panels-flexible-row-first clearfix footer-links"> <div class="inside panels-flexible-row-inside panels-flexible-row-new-main-row-inside panels-flexible-row-inside-first clearfix"> <div class="panels-flexible-region panels-flexible-region-new-column_1 panels-flexible-region-first "> <div class="inside panels-flexible-region-inside panels-flexible-region-new-column_1-inside panels-flexible-region-inside-first"> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-block-276 pane-block footer-logo" > <div class="pane-content"> <p><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/sil_logo_white.png" style="width: 100px; 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