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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="No"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>Optimization of Ca doped in alumina for efficient sunlight-irradiated methylene blue degradation | Journal of Materials Science </title> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SpringerLink"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Optimization of Ca doped in alumina for efficient sunlight-irradiated methylene blue degradation"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Journal of Materials Science - Excessive utilization of synthetic dyes has become a significant environmental concern due to their hazardous effluents. Among various methods, photocatalysis is..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10853-024-10453-6/MediaObjects/10853_2024_10453_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="journal_id" content="10853"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Optimization of Ca doped in alumina for efficient sunlight-irradiated methylene blue degradation"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Journal of Materials Science 2024 59:46"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Springer"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-11-22"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2024 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="Excessive utilization of synthetic dyes has become a significant environmental concern due to their hazardous effluents. Among various methods, photocatalysis is highlighted as an effective solution. The study involves synthesis, structural and optical characterization of pure and calcium-doped Al₂O3. The calcium-doped Al2O3 nanoparticles reported decreasing trend in the average crystallite size from 6.5&nbsp;nm to 5.3&nbsp;nm with high porosity of around 94% for 3% calcium-doped Al₂O₃(3CALO) and specific surface area value of about 1397&nbsp;m2/g. The optical band gap of the doped alumina nanoparticles observed a decreasing trend with maximum band gap of 3.57&nbsp;eV for 3CALO. The presence of metal excess defect is suggested by the band gap as well as the decreasing photoluminescence spectra. The formation of trapping centres and enhanced electron–hole separation is confirmed by the photoluminescence spectra. Even the dye degrading efficiency is observed to be maximum about 80% for 3CALO. The 3CALO nanoparticle is found to exhibit pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction with rate constant maximum about 0.006&nbsp;min−1, high correlation value of 0.99 and an RSD value of 0.5%. By tailoring the structural and optical properties of alumina through alkaline earth metal doping, it is focussed to develop more efficient, economically feasible, and versatile photocatalysts for water remediation mitigating the environmental impact of synthetic dyes in effluents."/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="1573-4803"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Journal of Materials Science"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-11-22"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="59"/> <meta name="prism.number" content="46"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="21377"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="21390"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Materials Science"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="J Mater Sci"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Springer US"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1573-4803"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Optimization of Ca doped in alumina for efficient sunlight-irradiated methylene blue degradation"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="59"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="46"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/12"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/11/22"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="21377"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="21390"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Materials for life sciences"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6"/> <meta name="size" content="247178"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="Excessive utilization of synthetic dyes has become a significant environmental concern due to their hazardous effluents. Among various methods, photocataly"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Chakraborty, Deepannita"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Bhavani, G."/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Materials Science, general"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Characterization and Evaluation of Materials"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Polymer Sciences"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Solid Mechanics"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Crystallography and Scattering Methods"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Classical Mechanics"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Soc Dyers Colourists; citation_title=The early history of the synthetic dye industry; citation_author=RD Welham; citation_volume=79; citation_publication_date=1963; citation_pages=146-152; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1478-4408.1963.tb02544.x; citation_id=CR1"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Case Stud Chem Environ Eng; citation_title=Developments in treatment technologies of dye-containing effluent: A review; citation_author=C Valli Nachiyar, AD Rakshi, S Sandhya, Britlin Deva Jebasta, null N., and Nellore, J.; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=100339; citation_doi=10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100339; citation_id=CR2"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Water Air Soil Pollution; citation_title=Biodiscoloration, detoxification and biosorption of Reactive Blue 268 by Trametes sp. 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citation_title=Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under natural sunlight using iron titanate nanoparticles prepared by a modified sol–gel method; citation_author=ZZ Vasiljevic, MP Dojcinovic, JD Vujancevic, I Jankovic-Castvan, M Ognjanovic, NB Tadic, S Stojadinovic, GO Brankovic, MV Nikolic; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=200708; citation_doi=10.1098/rsos.200708; citation_id=CR68"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=C R Chim; citation_title=Titanium dioxide photocatalysis: present situation and future approaches; citation_author=F Akira, Z Xintong; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=750-760; citation_doi=10.1016/j.crci.2005.02.055; citation_id=CR69"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Chakraborty, Deepannita"/> <meta name="citation_author_email" content="monkaichakraborty@gmail.com"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Physics, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore, India"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Bhavani, G."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Physics, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore, India"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <meta name="citation_cover_date" content="2024/12/01"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SpringerLink"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Optimization of Ca doped in alumina for efficient sunlight-irradiated methylene blue degradation - Journal of Materials Science"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Excessive utilization of synthetic dyes has become a significant environmental concern due to their hazardous effluents. Among various methods, photocatalysis is highlighted as an effective solution. The study involves synthesis, structural and optical characterization of pure and calcium-doped Al₂O3. The calcium-doped Al2O3 nanoparticles reported decreasing trend in the average crystallite size from 6.5 nm to 5.3 nm with high porosity of around 94% for 3% calcium-doped Al₂O₃(3CALO) and specific surface area value of about 1397 m2/g. The optical band gap of the doped alumina nanoparticles observed a decreasing trend with maximum band gap of 3.57 eV for 3CALO. The presence of metal excess defect is suggested by the band gap as well as the decreasing photoluminescence spectra. The formation of trapping centres and enhanced electron–hole separation is confirmed by the photoluminescence spectra. Even the dye degrading efficiency is observed to be maximum about 80% for 3CALO. The 3CALO nanoparticle is found to exhibit pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction with rate constant maximum about 0.006 min−1, high correlation value of 0.99 and an RSD value of 0.5%. By tailoring the structural and optical properties of alumina through alkaline earth metal doping, it is focussed to develop more efficient, economically feasible, and versatile photocatalysts for water remediation mitigating the environmental impact of synthetic dyes in effluents."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10853-024-10453-6/MediaObjects/10853_2024_10453_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/apple-touch-icon-92e819bf8a.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/android-chrome-192x192-6f081ca7e5.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-32x32-1435da3e82.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-16x16-ed57f42bd2.png> <link rel="shortcut 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srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w144/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/10853?as=webp 2x" alt=""> </picture> <span class="app-article-masthead__journal-title">Journal of Materials Science</span> </a> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/10853/aims-and-scope" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_aims_and_scope" data-track-action="aims and scope" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> Aims and scope <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.editorialmanager.com/jmsc/" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_submit_manuscript" data-track-context="article masthead on springerlink article page" data-track-action="submit manuscript" data-track-label="link"> Submit manuscript <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" 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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-7280"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-7280</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-G_-Bhavani-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-G_-Bhavani-Aff1" data-author-search="Bhavani, G.">G. Bhavani</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> </li></ul> <div data-test="article-metrics"> <ul class="app-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset"> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-accesses-medium"></use> </svg>62 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Accesses</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/article/10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Explore all metrics <svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="u-mt-32"> </div> </header> </div> <div data-article-body="true" data-track-component="article body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>Excessive utilization of synthetic dyes has become a significant environmental concern due to their hazardous effluents. Among various methods, photocatalysis is highlighted as an effective solution. The study involves synthesis, structural and optical characterization of pure and calcium-doped Al₂O<sub>3</sub>. The calcium-doped Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles reported decreasing trend in the average crystallite size from 6.5 nm to 5.3 nm with high porosity of around 94% for 3% calcium-doped Al₂O₃(3CALO) and specific surface area value of about 1397 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The optical band gap of the doped alumina nanoparticles observed a decreasing trend with maximum band gap of 3.57 eV for 3CALO. The presence of metal excess defect is suggested by the band gap as well as the decreasing photoluminescence spectra. The formation of trapping centres and enhanced electron–hole separation is confirmed by the photoluminescence spectra. Even the dye degrading efficiency is observed to be maximum about 80% for 3CALO. The 3CALO nanoparticle is found to exhibit pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction with rate constant maximum about 0.006 min<sup>−1</sup>, high correlation value of 0.99 and an RSD value of 0.5%. By tailoring the structural and optical properties of alumina through alkaline earth metal doping, it is focussed to develop more efficient, economically feasible, and versatile photocatalysts for water remediation mitigating the environmental impact of synthetic dyes in effluents.</p></div></div></section> <div class="c-notes"> <p class="c-notes__text c-status-message--info"> <svg width="24" height="24" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="c-status-message__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium"></use> </svg> This is a preview of subscription content, <a id="test-login-banner-link" href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10853-024-10453-6%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3De7065e61-8bdf-4a7b-870f-99900c6b7767" data-track="click" data-track-action="login" data-track-label="link" class="c-preview-message__link">log in via an institution</a> <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon c-external-link__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-external-link-small"></use> </svg> to check access. </p> </div> <div data-test="access-article" class="app-article-access"> <h2 class="app-article-access__heading">Access this article</h2> <div class="u-ma-16 u-clear-both"> <a href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10853-024-10453-6%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3De7065e61-8bdf-4a7b-870f-99900c6b7767" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--primary u-justify-content-space-between c-pdf-download__link" data-track="click" data-track-action="institution access" data-track-label="button"> <span data-test="access-via-institution">Log in via an institution</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div data-test="buy-box-mobile" class="c-article-buy-box"> <div class="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin" id="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin">  <div class="buying-option" data-test-id="buy-article-darwin"> <div> <div class="c-springer-plus"> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Subscribe and save</h2> <div class="springer-plus"> <div class="springer-plus-headline"> <div class="springer-plus-title"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium"></use> </svg><span>Springer+ Basic</span> </div> <div class="dd price-amount-springer-plus"> €32.70 /Month </div> </div> <ul class="buying-option-usps"> <li>Get 10 units per month</li> <li>Download Article/Chapter or eBook</li> <li>1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter</li> <li>Cancel anytime</li> </ul><a href="https://link.springer.com/product/springer-plus" id="btn-subscribe-springerPlus" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--secondary" data-track="click||click_springer_subscribe" data-track-context="buy box"><span>Subscribe now </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a> </div> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Buy Now</h2> </div> <div class="buybox__buy"> <form action="https://order.springer.com/public/cart" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="type" value="article"><input type="hidden" name="doi" value="10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6"><input type="hidden" name="isxn" value="1573-4803"><input type="hidden" name="contenttitle" value="Optimization of Ca doped in alumina for efficient sunlight-irradiated methylene blue degradation"><input type="hidden" name="copyrightyear" value="2024"><input type="hidden" name="year" value="2024"><input type="hidden" name="authors" value="Deepannita Chakraborty, G. 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id="data-and-code-availability-content"> <p>The authors state that the data can be made available on request.</p> </div></div></section><div id="MagazineFulltextArticleBodySuffix"><section aria-labelledby="Bib1" data-title="References"><div class="c-article-section" id="Bib1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Bib1">References</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Bib1-content"><div data-container-section="references"><ol class="c-article-references" data-track-component="outbound reference" data-track-context="references section"><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="1"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR1">Welham RD (1963) The early history of the synthetic dye industry. 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K. Kannan, PSGiTech for providing insightful suggestions to upgrade the present work. The authors are also grateful to Dr. D. Thangaraju and Dr. Kumaravel, PSGiTech for allowing to use their research laboratory for carrying out photocatalytic studies. The authors are also thankful to Dr. S. Kaleemulla, VIT-Vellore and Mr. P. Sathish Kumar, VIT-Vellore for providing facilities to take structural and optical studies.</p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="author-information">Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff1"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Physics, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore, 641062, India</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Deepannita Chakraborty & G. Bhavani</p></li></ol><div class="u-js-hide u-hide-print" data-test="author-info"><span class="c-article__sub-heading">Authors</span><ol class="c-article-authors-search u-list-reset"><li id="auth-Deepannita-Chakraborty-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Deepannita Chakraborty</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Deepannita%20Chakraborty" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Deepannita%20Chakraborty" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Deepannita%20Chakraborty%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-G_-Bhavani-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">G. 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Dr. G. Bhavani contributed in detailed analysis of mechanism of photocatalytic reaction exhibited by the nanoparticles and helped in editing the article.</p><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="corresponding-author">Corresponding author</h3><p id="corresponding-author-list">Correspondence to <a id="corresp-c1" href="mailto:monkaichakraborty@gmail.com">Deepannita Chakraborty</a>.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Ethics declarations"><div class="c-article-section" id="ethics-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="ethics">Ethics declarations</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="ethics-content"> <h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="FPar1">Conflict of interest</h3> <p>The authors state that they have no potential conflicts of interest.</p> </div></div></section><section data-title="Additional information"><div class="c-article-section" id="additional-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="additional-information">Additional information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="additional-information-content"><p>Handling Editor: Scott Beckman.</p><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Publisher's Note</h3><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Rights and permissions"><div class="c-article-section" id="rightslink-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="rightslink">Rights and permissions</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="rightslink-content"><p>Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</p><p class="c-article-rights"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="view rights and permissions" data-track-label="link" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?title=Optimization%20of%20Ca%20doped%20in%20alumina%20for%20efficient%20sunlight-irradiated%20methylene%20blue%20degradation&author=Deepannita%20Chakraborty%20et%20al&contentID=10.1007%2Fs10853-024-10453-6&copyright=The%20Author%28s%29%2C%20under%20exclusive%20licence%20to%20Springer%20Science%2BBusiness%20Media%2C%20LLC%2C%20part%20of%20Springer%20Nature&publication=0022-2461&publicationDate=2024-11-22&publisherName=SpringerNature&orderBeanReset=true">Reprints and permissions</a></p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="article-info" data-title="About this article"><div class="c-article-section" id="article-info-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="article-info">About this article</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="article-info-content"><div class="c-bibliographic-information"><div class="u-hide-print c-bibliographic-information__column c-bibliographic-information__column--border"><a data-crossmark="10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6" data-track="click" data-track-action="Click Crossmark" data-track-label="link" data-test="crossmark"><img loading="lazy" width="57" height="81" alt="Check for updates. 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Optimization of Ca doped in alumina for efficient sunlight-irradiated methylene blue degradation. <i>J Mater Sci</i> <b>59</b>, 21377–21390 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6</p><p class="c-bibliographic-information__download-citation u-hide-print"><a data-test="citation-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="download article citation" data-track-label="link" data-track-external="" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6?format=refman&flavour=citation">Download citation<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p><ul class="c-bibliographic-information__list" data-test="publication-history"><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Received<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-08-08">08 August 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Accepted<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-11-11">11 November 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Published<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-11-22">22 November 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Issue Date<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-12">December 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item c-bibliographic-information__list-item--full-width"><p><abbr title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</abbr><span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-024-10453-6</span></p></li></ul><div data-component="share-box"><div class="c-article-share-box u-display-none" hidden=""><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Share this article</h3><p class="c-article-share-box__description">Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:</p><button class="js-get-share-url c-article-share-box__button" type="button" id="get-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-external="" data-track-action="get shareable link">Get shareable link</button><div class="js-no-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info">Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.</p></div><div class="js-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-share-url c-article-share-box__only-read-input" id="share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="select share url"></p><button class="js-copy-share-url c-article-share-box__button--link-like" type="button" id="copy-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="copy share url" data-track-external="">Copy to clipboard</button></div><p class="js-c-article-share-box__additional-info c-article-share-box__additional-info"> Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative </p></div></div><div data-component="article-info-list"></div></div></div></div></div></section> </div> </main> <div class="c-article-sidebar u-text-sm u-hide-print l-with-sidebar__sidebar" id="sidebar" data-container-type="reading-companion" data-track-component="reading companion"> <aside> <div data-test="collections"> <aside> <div class="c-article-associated-content__container"> <h2 class="c-article-associated-content__title u-h3 u-mb-24 u-visually-hidden">Associated Content</h2> <div class="c-article-associated-content__collection collection u-mb-24"> <p class="c-article-associated-content__collection-label u-sans-serif u-text-bold u-mb-8">Part of a collection:</p> <h3 class="c-article-associated-content__collection-title u-mt-0 u-h3 u-mb-8" itemprop="name headline"> <a href="/journal/10853/topicalCollection/AC_165f16e6f0729d6fa9f13c5dcdbb5c49" data-track="click" data-track-action="view collection" data-track-label="link">Materials for life sciences</a> </h3> </div> </div> </aside> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 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