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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SOAP_terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SOAP_terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>SOAP terminology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-SOAP_terminology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle SOAP terminology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-SOAP_terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protocol_concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protocol_concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Protocol concepts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protocol_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_encapsulation_concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_encapsulation_concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Data encapsulation concepts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_encapsulation_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Message_sender_and_receiver_concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Message_sender_and_receiver_concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Message sender and receiver concepts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Message_sender_and_receiver_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Specification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SOAP_building_blocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SOAP_building_blocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>SOAP building blocks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SOAP_building_blocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Message_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Message_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Message format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Message_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Example_message_(encapsulated_in_HTTP)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example_message_(encapsulated_in_HTTP)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Example message (encapsulated in HTTP)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example_message_(encapsulated_in_HTTP)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_critique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_critique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Technical critique</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technical_critique-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technical critique subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technical_critique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Advantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Advantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Disadvantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disadvantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SOAP</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85" title="البروتوكول للوصول البسيط إلى الأجسام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البروتوكول للوصول البسيط إلى الأجسام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP_protokolu" title="SOAP protokolu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="SOAP protokolu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2" title="সিম্প্‌ল অবজেক্ট এক্সেস প্রোটোকল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিম্প্‌ল অবজেক্ট এক্সেস প্রোটোকল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Object_Access_Protocol" title="Simple Object Access Protocol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Simple Object Access Protocol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Object_Access_Protocol" title="Simple Object Access Protocol – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Simple Object Access Protocol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="پروتکل دسترسی آسان به اشیاء – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروتکل دسترسی آسان به اشیاء" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Object_Access_Protocol" title="Simple Object Access Protocol – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Simple Object Access Protocol" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Object_Access_Protocol" title="Simple Object Access Protocol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Simple Object Access Protocol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC)" title="സോപ് (സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയർ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സോപ് (സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയർ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP_(protocol)" title="SOAP (protocol) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="SOAP (protocol)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP_(%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%88%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB)" title="SOAP (プロトコル) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SOAP (プロトコル)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Object_Access_Protocol" title="Simple Object Access Protocol – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Simple Object Access Protocol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சிம்பிள் ஆப்ஜக்ட் ஆக்சஸ் புரோட்டாக்கால் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிம்பிள் ஆப்ஜக்ட் ஆக்சஸ் புரோட்டாக்கால்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9B" title="โซป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โซป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84" title="سمپل آبجیکٹ ایکسیس پروٹوکول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سمپل آبجیکٹ ایکسیس پروٹوکول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="SOAP" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Object_Access_Protocol" title="Simple Object Access Protocol – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Simple Object Access Protocol" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Messaging protocol for web services</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the computer network protocol. For the IBM 650 assembly language, see <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_Optimal_Assembly_Program" title="Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program">Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program</a>. For surfactants used for cleaning, see <a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">Soap</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Soap_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Soap (disambiguation)">Soap (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">SOAP</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First published</th><td class="infobox-data">Initially as <a href="/wiki/XML-RPC" title="XML-RPC">XML-RPC</a> in June 1998<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">June 1998</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latest version</th><td class="infobox-data">1.2<br />27 April 2007<span class="noprint">; 17 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2007-04-27</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Text-based_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Text-based protocol">Text-based protocol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">License</th><td class="infobox-data">Copyright by <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>, implementations are <a href="/wiki/Royalty-free" title="Royalty-free">royalty-free</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3.org/TR/soap12/">w3<wbr />.org<wbr />/TR<wbr />/soap12<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">Internet protocol suite</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer">Application layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol" title="Border Gateway Protocol">BGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol" title="Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol">DHCP</a> (<a href="/wiki/DHCPv6" title="DHCPv6">v6</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> (<a href="/wiki/HTTP/3" title="HTTP/3">HTTP/3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" title="Internet Message Access Protocol">IMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">LDAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Gateway_Control_Protocol" title="Media Gateway Control Protocol">MGCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT">MQTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_News_Transfer_Protocol" title="Network News Transfer Protocol">NNTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol" title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Shortest_Path_First" title="Open Shortest Path First">OSPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" title="Post Office Protocol">POP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Time_Protocol" title="Precision Time Protocol">PTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Network_Computing_Remote_Procedure_Call" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call">ONC/RPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-Time_Streaming_Protocol" title="Real-Time Streaming Protocol">RTSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routing_Information_Protocol" title="Routing Information Protocol">RIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol" title="Session Initiation Protocol">SIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">SMTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Network_Management_Protocol" title="Simple Network Management Protocol">SNMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS/SSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Application_layer_protocols" title="Category:Application layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Transport_layer" title="Transport layer">Transport layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datagram_Congestion_Control_Protocol" title="Datagram Congestion Control Protocol">DCCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_Control_Transmission_Protocol" title="Stream Control Transmission Protocol">SCTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Reservation_Protocol" title="Resource Reservation Protocol">RSVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QUIC" title="QUIC">QUIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_layer_protocols" title="Category:Transport layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Internet_layer" title="Internet layer">Internet layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">IP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">v4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">v6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol" title="Internet Control Message Protocol">ICMP</a> (<a href="/wiki/ICMPv6" title="ICMPv6">v6</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol" title="Neighbor Discovery Protocol">NDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification">ECN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Group_Management_Protocol" title="Internet Group Management Protocol">IGMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_layer_protocols" title="Category:Internet layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Link_layer" title="Link layer">Link layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol" title="Address Resolution Protocol">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunneling_protocol" title="Tunneling protocol">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_access_control" title="Medium access control">MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Link_protocols" title="Category:Link protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output 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#b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/SOAP" title="Special:EditPage/SOAP">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22SOAP%22">"SOAP"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22SOAP%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22SOAP%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22SOAP%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22SOAP%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22SOAP%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>SOAP</b>, originally an acronym for Simple Object Access Protocol,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a messaging <a href="/wiki/Protocol_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (computing)">protocol</a> specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">web services</a> in <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networks</a>. It uses <a href="/wiki/XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">XML Information Set</a> for its <a href="/wiki/Message_format" title="Message format">message format</a>, and relies on <a href="/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer">application layer</a> protocols, most often <a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</a> (HTTP), although some legacy systems communicate over <a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</a> (SMTP), for message negotiation and transmission. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SOAP provides the Messaging Protocol layer of a <a href="/wiki/Web_services_protocol_stack" title="Web services protocol stack">web services protocol stack</a> for web services. It is an XML-based protocol consisting of three parts: </p> <ul><li>an envelope, which defines the message structure<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and how to process it</li> <li>a set of encoding rules for expressing instances of application-defined datatypes</li> <li>a convention for representing procedure calls and responses</li></ul> <p>SOAP has three major characteristics: </p> <ol><li><i>extensibility</i> (security and <a href="/wiki/WS-Addressing" title="WS-Addressing">WS-Addressing</a> are among the extensions under development)</li> <li><i>neutrality</i> (SOAP can operate over any protocol such as <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMTP" class="mw-redirect" title="SMTP">SMTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a>, <a href="/wiki/SOAP-over-UDP" title="SOAP-over-UDP">UDP</a>)</li> <li><i>independence</i> (SOAP allows for any <a href="/wiki/Programming_model" title="Programming model">programming model</a>)</li></ol> <p>As an example of what SOAP procedures can do, an application can send a SOAP request to a server that has web services enabled—such as a real-estate price database—with the parameters for a search. The server then returns a SOAP response (an XML-formatted document) with the resulting data, e.g., prices, location, features. Since the generated data comes in a standardized machine-parsable format, the requesting application can then integrate it directly. </p><p>The SOAP architecture consists of several layers of specifications for: </p> <ul><li>message format</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_Exchange_Pattern" class="mw-redirect" title="Message Exchange Pattern">Message Exchange Patterns</a> (MEP)</li> <li>underlying transport protocol bindings</li> <li>message processing models</li> <li>protocol extensibility</li></ul> <p>SOAP evolved as a successor of <a href="/wiki/XML-RPC" title="XML-RPC">XML-RPC</a>, though it borrows its transport and interaction neutrality from Web Service Addressing<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the envelope/header/body from elsewhere (probably from <a href="/wiki/WDDX" title="WDDX">WDDX</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SOAP was designed as an object-access protocol and released as <a href="/wiki/XML-RPC" title="XML-RPC">XML-RPC</a> in June 1998 as part of <a href="/wiki/UserLand_Software" title="UserLand Software">Frontier</a> 5.1 by <a href="/wiki/Dave_Winer" title="Dave Winer">Dave Winer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Box" title="Don Box">Don Box</a>, Bob Atkinson, and Mohsen Al-Ghosein for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, where Atkinson and Al-Ghosein were working.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The specification was not made available until it was submitted to <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a> 13 September 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Don Box, this was due to politics within Microsoft.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of Microsoft's hesitation, Dave Winer shipped <a href="/wiki/XML-RPC" title="XML-RPC">XML-RPC</a> in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The submitted <a href="/wiki/Internet_Draft" title="Internet Draft">Internet Draft</a> did not reach <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> status and is therefore not considered a "web standard" as such. Version 1.1 of the specification was published as a W3C Note on 8 May 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since version 1.1 did not reach <a href="/wiki/W3C_Recommendation" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C Recommendation">W3C Recommendation</a> status, it can not be considered a "web standard" either. Version 1.2 of the specification, however, became a <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a> recommendation on June 24, 2003. <i>SOAP</i> originally stood for "Simple Object Access Protocol" but version 1.2 of the standard dropped this acronym.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SOAP specification<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was maintained by the XML Protocol Working Group<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> until the group was closed 10 July 2009. </p><p>After SOAP was first introduced, it became the underlying layer of a more complex set of <a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">web services</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Web_Services_Description_Language" title="Web Services Description Language">WSDL</a>, <a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">XSD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Description_Discovery_and_Integration" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Description Discovery and Integration">UDDI</a>. These different services, especially UDDI, have proved to be of far less interest, but an appreciation of them gives a complete understanding of the expected role of SOAP compared to how web services have actually evolved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SOAP_terminology">SOAP terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: SOAP terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SOAP specification can be broadly defined to be consisting of the following three conceptual components: protocol concepts, encapsulation concepts and network concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protocol_concepts">Protocol concepts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Protocol concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>SOAP</dt> <dd>This is a set of rules formalizing and governing the format and processing rules for information exchanged between a SOAP sender and a SOAP receiver.</dd> <dt>SOAP nodes</dt> <dd>These are physical/logical machines with processing units which are used to transmit/forward, receive and process SOAP messages. These are analogous to <a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">nodes</a> in a network.</dd> <dt>SOAP roles</dt> <dd>Over the path of a SOAP message, all nodes assume a specific role. The role of the node defines the action that the node performs on the message it receives. For example, a role "<i>none"</i> means that no node will process the SOAP header in any way and simply transmit the message along its path.</dd> <dt>SOAP protocol binding</dt> <dd>A SOAP message needs to work in conjunction with other protocols to be transferred over a network. For example, a SOAP message could use <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a> as a lower layer protocol to transfer messages. These bindings are defined in the SOAP protocol binding framework.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>SOAP features</dt> <dd>SOAP provides a messaging framework only. However, it can be extended to add features such as reliability, security etc. There are rules to be followed when adding features to the SOAP framework.</dd> <dt>SOAP module</dt> <dd>A collection of specifications regarding the semantics of SOAP header to describe any new features being extended upon SOAP. A module needs to realize zero or more features. SOAP requires modules to adhere to prescribed rules.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_encapsulation_concepts">Data encapsulation concepts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Data encapsulation concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>SOAP message</dt> <dd>Represents the information being exchanged between 2 SOAP nodes.</dd> <dt>SOAP envelope</dt> <dd>It is the enclosing element of an XML message identifying it as a SOAP message.</dd> <dt>SOAP header block</dt> <dd>A SOAP header can contain more than one of these blocks, each being a discrete computational block within the header. In general, the SOAP <i>role</i> information is used to target nodes on the path. A header block is said to be targeted at a SOAP node if the SOAP role for the header block is the name of a role in which the SOAP node operates. (ex: A SOAP header block with role attribute as <i>ultimateReceiver</i> is targeted only at the destination node which has this role. A header with a role attribute as <i>next</i> is targeted at each intermediary as well as the destination node.)</dd> <dt>SOAP header</dt> <dd>A collection of one or more header blocks targeted at each SOAP receiver.</dd> <dt>SOAP body</dt> <dd>Contains the body of the message intended for the SOAP receiver. The interpretation and processing of SOAP body is defined by header blocks.</dd> <dt>SOAP fault</dt> <dd>In case a SOAP node fails to process a SOAP message, it adds the fault information to the SOAP fault element. This element is contained within the SOAP body as a child element.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Message_sender_and_receiver_concepts">Message sender and receiver concepts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Message sender and receiver concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>SOAP sender</dt> <dd>The node that transmits a SOAP message.</dd> <dt>SOAP receiver</dt> <dd>The node receiving a SOAP message. (Could be an intermediary or the destination node).</dd> <dt>SOAP message path</dt> <dd>The path consisting of all the nodes that the SOAP message traversed to reach the destination node.</dd> <dt>Initial SOAP sender</dt> <dd>This is the node which originated the SOAP message to be transmitted. This is the root of the SOAP message path.</dd> <dt>SOAP intermediary</dt> <dd>All the nodes in between the SOAP originator and the intended SOAP destination. It processes the SOAP header blocks targeted at it and acts to forward a SOAP message towards an ultimate SOAP receiver.</dd> <dt>Ultimate SOAP receiver</dt> <dd>The destination receiver of the SOAP message. This node is responsible for processing the message body and any header blocks targeted at it.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specification">Specification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Specification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SOAP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SOAP.svg/220px-SOAP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SOAP.svg/330px-SOAP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SOAP.svg/440px-SOAP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="182" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption>SOAP structure</figcaption></figure> <p>The SOAP specification defines the messaging framework, which consists of: </p> <ul><li>The <i>SOAP processing model</i>, defining the rules for processing a SOAP message<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>SOAP extensibility model</i> defining the concepts of SOAP features and SOAP modules<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>SOAP underlying protocol binding</i> framework describing the rules for defining a binding to an underlying protocol that can be used for exchanging SOAP messages between SOAP nodes<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>SOAP message construct</i> defining the structure of a SOAP message<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SOAP_building_blocks">SOAP building blocks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: SOAP building blocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A SOAP message is an ordinary XML document containing the following elements: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Element </th> <th>Description </th> <th>Required </th></tr> <tr> <td>Envelope </td> <td>Identifies the XML document as a SOAP message. </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Header </td> <td>Contains header information. </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td>Body </td> <td>Contains call and response information. </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fault </td> <td>Provides information about errors that occurred while processing the message. </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport_methods">Transport methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Transport methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both <a href="/wiki/SMTP" class="mw-redirect" title="SMTP">SMTP</a> and <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> are valid application layer protocols used as transport for SOAP, but HTTP has gained wider acceptance as it works well with today's internet infrastructure; specifically, HTTP works well with network <a href="/wiki/Firewall_(networking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firewall (networking)">firewalls</a>. SOAP may also be used over <a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a> (which is the same protocol as HTTP at the application level, but uses an <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">encrypted transport protocol</a> underneath) with either simple or mutual authentication; this is the advocated <a href="/wiki/WS-I" class="mw-redirect" title="WS-I">WS-I</a> method to provide web service security as stated in the <a href="/wiki/WS-I_Basic_Profile" title="WS-I Basic Profile">WS-I Basic Profile</a> 1.1. </p><p>This is a major advantage over other distributed protocols like <a href="/wiki/General_Inter-ORB_Protocol" title="General Inter-ORB Protocol">GIOP/IIOP</a> or <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a>, which are normally filtered by firewalls. SOAP over <a href="/wiki/AMQP" class="mw-redirect" title="AMQP">AMQP</a> is yet another possibility that some implementations support. SOAP also has an advantage over <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a> that it is unaffected by security rights configured on the machines that require knowledge of both transmitting and receiving nodes. This lets SOAP be loosely coupled in a way that is not possible with <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a>. There is also the <a href="/wiki/SOAP-over-UDP" title="SOAP-over-UDP">SOAP-over-UDP</a> <a href="/wiki/OASIS_(organization)" title="OASIS (organization)">OASIS</a> standard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Message_format">Message format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Message format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">XML Information Set</a> was chosen as the standard message format because of its widespread use by major corporations and <a href="/wiki/Open-source_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source model">open source</a> development efforts. Typically, XML Information Set is <a href="/wiki/Serialization" title="Serialization">serialized</a> as <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>. A wide variety of freely available <a href="/wiki/Software_development_tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Software development tool">tools</a> significantly eases the transition to a SOAP-based implementation. The somewhat lengthy <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a> of <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> can be both a benefit and a drawback. While it facilitates error detection and avoids interoperability problems such as byte-order (<a href="/wiki/Endianness" title="Endianness">endianness</a>), it can slow processing speed and can be cumbersome. For example, <a href="/wiki/CORBA" class="mw-redirect" title="CORBA">CORBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Inter-ORB_Protocol" title="General Inter-ORB Protocol">GIOP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Communications_Engine" title="Internet Communications Engine">ICE</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a> use much shorter, binary message formats. On the other hand, hardware appliances are available to accelerate processing of <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> messages.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Binary_XML" title="Binary XML">Binary XML</a> is also being explored as a means for streamlining the throughput requirements of XML. XML messages by their self-documenting nature usually have more 'overhead' (e.g., headers, nested tags, delimiters) than actual data in contrast to earlier protocols where the overhead was usually a relatively small percentage of the overall message. </p><p>In financial messaging SOAP was found to result in a 2–4 times larger message than previous protocols <a href="/wiki/Financial_Information_eXchange" title="Financial Information eXchange">FIX</a> (Financial Information Exchange) and <a href="/wiki/Common_Data_Representation" title="Common Data Representation">CDR</a> (Common Data Representation).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>XML Information Set does not have to be serialized in XML. For instance, CSV and <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> XML-infoset representations exist. There is also no need to specify a generic transformation framework. The concept of SOAP bindings allows for specific bindings for a specific application. The drawback is that both the senders and receivers have to support this newly defined binding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_message_(encapsulated_in_HTTP)"><span id="Example_message_.28encapsulated_in_HTTP.29"></span>Example message (encapsulated in HTTP)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Example message (encapsulated in HTTP)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The message below requests a stock price for AT&T (stock ticker symbol "T"). </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-http mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">POST</span> <span class="nn">/InStock</span> <span class="kr">HTTP</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="m">1.1</span> <span class="na">Host</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="l">www.example.org</span> <span class="na">Content-Type</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="l">application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8</span> <span class="na">Content-Length</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="l">299</span> <span class="na">SOAPAction</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="l">"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"</span> <span class="cp"><?xml version="1.0"?></span> <span class="nt"><soap:Envelope</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns:soap=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns:m=</span><span class="s">"http://www.example.org"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><soap:Header></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></soap:Header></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><soap:Body></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><m:GetStockPrice></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><m:StockName></span>T<span class="nt"></m:StockName></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></m:GetStockPrice></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></soap:Body></span> <span class="nt"></soap:Envelope></span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_critique">Technical critique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Technical critique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/SOAP" title="Special:EditPage/SOAP">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advantages">Advantages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Advantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>SOAP's neutrality characteristic explicitly makes it suitable for use with any transport protocol. Implementations often use HTTP as a transport protocol, but other popular transport protocols can be used. For example, SOAP can also be used over SMTP, <a href="/wiki/Java_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Message Service">JMS</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Message_queue" title="Message queue">message queues</a>.</li> <li>SOAP, when combined with HTTP post/response exchanges, tunnels easily through existing firewalls and proxies, and consequently doesn't require modifying the widespread computing and communication infrastructures that exist for processing HTTP post/response exchanges.</li> <li>SOAP has available to it all the facilities of XML, including easy internationalization and extensibility with XML Namespaces.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disadvantages">Disadvantages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>When using standard implementation and the default SOAP/HTTP binding, the XML infoset is serialized as XML. To improve performance for the special case of XML with embedded binary objects, the <a href="/wiki/Message_Transmission_Optimization_Mechanism" title="Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism">Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism</a> was introduced.</li> <li>When relying on HTTP as a transport protocol and not using <a href="/wiki/WS-Addressing" title="WS-Addressing">Web Services Addressing</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_Service_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise Service Bus">Enterprise Service Bus</a>, the roles of the interacting parties are fixed. Only one party (the client) can use the services of the other.</li> <li>SOAP is less "simple" than the name would suggest. The verbosity of the protocol, low parsing speed of XML, and lack of a standardized interaction model led to the dominance of services using the <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> protocol more directly. See, for example, <a href="/wiki/Representational_state_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Representational state transfer">REST</a>.</li> <li>Being protocol-agnostic, SOAP is unable to take advantage of protocol-specific features and optimizations such as <a href="/wiki/Representational_state_transfer#Uniform_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Representational state transfer">REST's Uniform Interface</a> or <a href="/wiki/Web_cache" title="Web cache">caching</a> – instead having to reimplement them (as with <a href="/wiki/WS-Addressing" title="WS-Addressing">WS-Addressing</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SOAP_with_Attachments" title="SOAP with Attachments">SOAP with Attachments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAP_with_Attachments_API_for_Java" class="mw-redirect" title="SOAP with Attachments API for Java">SOAP with Attachments API for Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAP-over-UDP" title="SOAP-over-UDP">SOAP-over-UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_service_protocols" title="List of web service protocols">List of web service protocols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_Transmission_Optimization_Mechanism" title="Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism">Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism</a> (MTOM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML-binary_Optimized_Packaging" title="XML-binary Optimized Packaging">XML-binary Optimized Packaging</a> (XOP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_User_Interface_Protocol" title="Extensible User Interface Protocol">Extensible User Interface Protocol (XUP)</a> –  a SOAP-based UI protocol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WS-Security" title="WS-Security">Web Services Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WS-Security_based_products_and_services" title="WS-Security based products and services">WS-Security based products and services</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Since version 1.2 of the specification it is no longer an <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> for Simple Object Access Protocol</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHirschKempIlkka2007" class="citation book cs1">Hirsch, Frederick; Kemp, John; Ilkka, Jani (2007-01-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v5f0ORBgd5IC"><i>Mobile Web Services: Architecture and Implementation</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons (published 2007). p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470032596" title="Special:BookSources/9780470032596"><bdi>9780470032596</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evaluating+SOAP+for+High+Performance+Business+Applications%3A+Real-Time+Trading+Systems&rft.pub=Tenermerx+Pty+Ltd+University+of+Technology%2C+Sydney&rft.date=2011-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2003.org%2Fcdrom%2Fpapers%2Falternate%2FP872%2Fp872-kohlhoff.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASOAP" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEQTP_9.0.5/com.ibm.websphere.base.doc/ae/rwbs_soapjmsstd.html">"SOAP over JMS protocol"</a>. IBM. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322212140/https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEQTP_9.0.5/com.ibm.websphere.base.doc/ae/rwbs_soapjmsstd.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SOAP+over+JMS+protocol&rft.pub=IBM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fen%2FSSEQTP_9.0.5%2Fcom.ibm.websphere.base.doc%2Fae%2Frwbs_soapjmsstd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASOAP" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2002/ws/soapjms/wiki/SOAP-JMS_FAQ">"SOAP-JMS FAQ"</a>. SOAP-JMS Binding Working Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717130309/https://www.w3.org/2002/ws/soapjms/wiki/SOAP-JMS_FAQ">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SOAP-JMS+FAQ&rft.pub=SOAP-JMS+Binding+Working+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2002%2Fws%2Fsoapjms%2Fwiki%2FSOAP-JMS_FAQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASOAP" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Benoît Marchal, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070819165933/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-soapbx1.html">Soapbox: Why I'm using SOAP</a>", IBM</li> <li>Uche Ogbuji, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/edu/x-dw-cosoap-i.html">Tutorial: XML messaging with SOAP</a>", Principal Consultant, Fourthought, Inc.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOAP&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/soap/">W3C SOAP page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12/">SOAP Version 1.2 specification</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jitendrazaa.com/blog/java/create-soap-message-using-java/">Create SOAP Message in Java</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub">ActivityPub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activity_Streams_(format)" title="Activity Streams (format)">Activity Streams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAI-ARIA" title="WAI-ARIA">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_XML" title="Canonical XML">Canonical XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_Document_Format" title="Compound Document Format">CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_animations" title="CSS animations">Animations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Flexible_Box_Layout" title="CSS Flexible Box Layout">Flexbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_grid_layout" title="CSS grid layout">Grid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient_XML_Interchange" title="Efficient XML Interchange">EXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_Markup_Language" title="Emotion Markup Language">EmotionML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_Tag_Set" title="Internationalization Tag Set">ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linked_Data_Notifications" title="Linked Data Notifications">Linked Data Notifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropub_(protocol)" title="Micropub (protocol)">Micropub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_Lexicon_Specification" title="Pronunciation Lexicon Specification">PLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RDF_Schema" title="RDF Schema">Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDFa" title="RDFa">RDFa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Interpretation_for_Speech_Recognition" title="Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition">SISR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organization_System" title="Simple Knowledge Organization System">SKOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language" title="Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language">SMIL</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Recognition_Grammar_Specification" title="Speech Recognition Grammar Specification">SRGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subresource_Integrity" title="Subresource Integrity">SRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Synthesis_Markup_Language" title="Speech Synthesis Markup Language">SSML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SVG_filter_effects" title="SVG filter effects">Filter Effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCXML" title="SCXML">SCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHACL" title="SHACL">SHACL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timed_text" title="Timed text">Timed text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceXML" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Things" title="Web of Things">WoT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thing_Description" title="Thing Description">TD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Services_Description_Language" title="Web Services Description Language">WSDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webmention" title="Webmention">Webmention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSub" title="WebSub">WebSub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebVTT" title="WebVTT">WebVTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">WOFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BRDFa" title="XHTML+RDFa">+RDFa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XML_Base" title="XML Base">Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Encryption" title="XML Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Events" title="XML Events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">Information Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Signature" title="XML Signature">Signature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XInclude" title="XInclude">XInclude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML-binary_Optimized_Packaging" title="XML-binary Optimized Packaging">XOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XPath_2.0" title="XPath 2.0">2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath_3" title="XPath 3">3.x</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XProc" title="XProc">XProc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL" title="XSL">XSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects" title="XSL Formatting Objects">XSL-FO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XSLT_elements" title="XSLT elements">elements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IndieAuth" title="IndieAuth">IndieAuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAdES" title="XAdES">XAdES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBL" title="XBL">XBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BSMIL" title="XHTML+SMIL">XHTML+SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_User_Interface_Protocol" title="Extensible User Interface Protocol">XUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#Working_draft_(WD)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">Working drafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_Control_eXtensible_Markup_Language" title="Call Control eXtensible Markup Language">CCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InkML" title="InkML">InkML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_Interchange_Format" title="Rule Interchange Format">RIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMIL_Timesheets" title="SMIL Timesheets">SMIL Timesheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SXBL" title="SXBL">sXBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Forms_Description_Language" title="Extensible Forms Description Language">XFDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFrames" title="XFrames">XFrames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Markup Validation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Accessibility_Initiative" title="Web Accessibility Initiative">Web Accessibility Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Components" title="Web Components">Web Components</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="C-HTML">C-HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_Device_Markup_Language" title="Handheld Device Markup Language">HDML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_Style_Sheets" title="JavaScript Style Sheets">JSSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPlatform.org" title="WebPlatform.org">WebPlatform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsoleted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P3P" title="P3P">P3P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BMathML%2BSVG" title="XHTML+MathML+SVG">XHTML+MathML+SVG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li> <li>Defunct: <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Foundation" title="World Wide Web Foundation">World Wide Web Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Advisory_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Advisory Board (page does not exist)">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Board (page does not exist)">Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Architecture_Group" title="Technical Architecture Group">TAG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Working_Group" title="CSS Working Group">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG_Working_Group" title="SVG Working Group">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Authentication_Working_Group" title="Web Authentication Working Group">WebAuthn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community & business groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Improving_Web_Advertising_Business_Group" title="Improving Web Advertising Business Group">Web Advertising BG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a> CG</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Device_Description_Working_Group" title="W3C Device Description Working Group">Device Description</a> (DDWG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_Working_Group" title="HTML Working Group">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_MMI" title="W3C MMI">Multimodal Interaction Activity</a> (MMI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CERN_httpd" title="CERN httpd">CERN httpd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">Libwww</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Browsers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–98)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agora_(web_browser)" title="Agora (web browser)">Agora</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(web_browser)" title="Argo (web browser)">Argo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a 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