CINXE.COM

Student Participation in University and Faculty of Law Governance | University of Toronto Faculty of Law

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" version="XHTML+RDFa 1.0" dir="ltr" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:sioc="http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#" xmlns:sioct="http://rdfs.org/sioc/types#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"> <head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"NRJS-fe3d812bd3551e468d3",applicationID:"540571234"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="/student-life/student-participation-in-university-and-faculty-law-governance" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="/node/8625" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/all/themes/utfl_subtheme_primary/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link href="/sites/all/themes/utfl/images/iphone-icon.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" /> <title>Student Participation in University and Faculty of Law Governance | University of Toronto Faculty of Law</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/css/css_xE-rWrJf-fncB6ztZfd2huxqgxu4WO-qwma6Xer30m4.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/css/css_lkvHUqwuaMnlSkPLjR6wgdcvM88sr5Mi-fDRQ-vdqKU.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/css/css_hMt3XEFtoul4uWR3AMEoZfktoYy49uDmlC6F515jLyE.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/css/css_4K_9pln0GjiI2Fz9--nGQCS-R1ozNbGqH7HmKG0zCHo.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Francois+One" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/css/css_zaOco2G8k_Y9ZPkHcPipwrYE0eu9i_I-umrYSytTB3U.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/css/css_n2ZAeZinAyNp4KaDpCqIMBTcgoOxlWKcWk8YJ3GC2WY.css" media="all" /> <!--[if IE 6]> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/css/css_2H7ya4KuKCzzhpJMNR_JkSmqiWu_FfMX_J6nV3KmIjs.css" media="all" /> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7]> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/css/css_TuTDKd2wkSG1RyYpnBlnvH71-JnBWtEgpQXVd3stIXk.css" media="all" /> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/css/css_c36nWx8zzoY9kkRZdMST7087oXFatl6teCtrCocGkYo.css" media="all" /> <![endif]--> <style type="text/css" media="all"> <!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/ .uni-exchange-link a{color:#000 !important;font-weight:normal !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;font-size:1.1em !important;}h2.country-heading{font-size:2.2em !important;}.exchange-header-text{font-size:1.1em !important;padding-bottom:25px;} /*]]>*/--> </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/js/js_OxFfs447FMmNy6B_QJ6cWtx0i8uURHnKUha8mnLIrPY.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/js/js_s7yA-hwRxnKty__ED6DuqmTMKG39xvpRyrtyCrbWH4M.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/js/js_9UPRFM_M6CprXtgsLI9Nk_cPahVeu2BwTue9xmdsOUo.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/js/js_RP975CbPvTi1WMS5mBqGDjg8kIQ9ZdOEY7SULoTHwFo.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i["GoogleAnalyticsObject"]=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,"script","https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js","ga");ga("create", "UA-30853776-1", {"cookieDomain":"auto"});ga("send", "pageview"); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/js/js_5IrqzGaT-GZ3-Z-L7bGgcttAy4AYZgdzgUJ-45ojFho.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/js/js_ngfzfepmkv0VDz3dJPtHQ_TuVEVvfuO1EfyeZebjj1k.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","setHasJsCookie":0,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"utfl_subtheme_primary","theme_token":"-4ZfThMJyyXJYdHovSNdjM74XWHl1SudxATsqnIUOmE","js":{"https:\/\/www.law.utoronto.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/google_tag\/primary\/google_tag.script.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.8\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.core.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.widget.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.accordion.min.js":1,"misc\/form-single-submit.js":1,"sites\/default\/modules\/behavior_weights\/behavior_weights.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/peapod_wysiwyg\/js\/jquery.qtip.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/peapod_wysiwyg\/js\/peapod_wysiwyg.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"0":1,"sites\/default\/modules\/features\/utfl_login\/js\/utfl_login.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/jquery.hoverIntent.minified.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/sftouchscreen.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/sfsmallscreen.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/supposition.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/superfish.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/supersubs.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/superfish\/superfish.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/utfl\/js\/script.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.menus.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.core.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.accordion.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/simplenews\/simplenews.css":1,"modules\/aggregator\/aggregator.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/calendar\/css\/calendar_multiday.css":1,"modules\/comment\/comment.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/filebrowser\/css\/filebrowser_style.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/logintoboggan\/logintoboggan.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"modules\/search\/search.css":1,"modules\/user\/user.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/peapod_wysiwyg\/css\/jquery.qtip.min.css":1,"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css?family=Francois+One":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/css\/superfish.css":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/css\/superfish-smallscreen.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/utfl\/css\/noteditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/utfl\/css\/normalize.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/utfl\/css\/style.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/utfl\/css\/layout.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/utfl_subtheme_primary\/css\/utfl_subtheme.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/utfl\/css\/ie6.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/utfl\/css\/ie7.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/utfl\/css\/ie8.css":1,"0":1}},"googleanalytics":{"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc|docx|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls|xml|z|zip"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/student-life\/student-participation-in-university-and-faculty-law-governance?destination=node\/8625":true,"\/student-life\/student-participation-in-university-and-faculty-law-governance":true},"superfish":{"menu-1":{"id":"1","sf":{"animation":{"opacity":"show","height":"show"},"speed":"fast","autoArrows":false,"dropShadows":false},"plugins":{"touchscreen":{"mode":"window_width","breakpointUnit":"px"},"smallscreen":{"mode":"window_width","breakpointUnit":"px","accordionButton":"0","title":"Main menu"},"supposition":true,"supersubs":true}},"menu-3":{"id":"3","sf":{"animation":{"opacity":"show","height":"show"},"speed":"fast","autoArrows":false,"dropShadows":false},"plugins":{"touchscreen":{"mode":"window_width","breakpointUnit":"px"},"smallscreen":{"mode":"window_width","breakpointUnit":"px","accordionButton":"0","title":"Footer menu"},"supposition":true,"supersubs":true}}}}); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(c,l,a,r,i,t,y){ c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)}; t=l.createElement(r);t.async=1;t.src="https://www.clarity.ms/tag/"+i; y=l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0];y.parentNode.insertBefore(t,y); })(window, document, "clarity", "script", "fjytbl5wya"); </script> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6NFR2T6V63"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-6NFR2T6V63'); </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in two-sidebars page-node page-node- page-node-8625 node-type-page theme-utfl_subtheme_primary site-www-law-utoronto-ca" > <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="region region-page-top"> <noscript aria-hidden="true"><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KDL5CZV" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> </div> <div id="page-wrapper"><div id="page"> <div id="header-wrapper"> <div id="header-top"> <div class="container" role="navigation"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Secondary menu</h2><ul id="secondary-menu" class="links"><li class="menu-1302 first"><a href="http://www.utoronto.ca/" title="">U of T</a></li> <li class="menu-1303"><a href="http://library.law.utoronto.ca/" title="The Bora Laskin Law Library">Law Library</a></li> <li class="menu-2194"><a href="/login" title="">e.legal</a></li> <li class="menu-3722"><a href="/about/contact-us" title="">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-1886 last"><a href="/site-map" title="">Site Map</a></li> </ul> <div class="region region-header-top"> <div id="block-user-login" class="block block-user"> <div class="content"> <form action="/student-life/student-participation-in-university-and-faculty-law-governance?destination=node/8625" method="post" id="user-login-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><h2>Login to e.legal</h2><strong>the Law School Community</strong><div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-name"> <label for="edit-name">Username <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="" size="15" maxlength="60" class="form-text required" /> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-password form-item-pass"> <label for="edit-pass">Password <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input type="password" id="edit-pass" name="pass" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-text required" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-YrC8Su_O3QUGCsncDhk65Z6iAFRal_rEXi7ZlNjOvYg" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="user_login_block" /> <div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><a href="/user/password">Forgot your password?</a><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Sign in" class="form-submit" /></div></div></form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /#header-top --> <div id="header" class="container"> <a href="/" title="University of Toronto Faculty of Law Home Page" rel="home" id="logo"> <img src="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/sites/all/themes/utfl_subtheme_primary/logo.png" alt="University of Toronto Faculty of Law" /> </a> <div id="header-right-wrapper"> <div class="region region-header"> <div id="block-search-form" class="block block-search"> <div class="content"> <form action="/student-life/student-participation-in-university-and-faculty-law-governance" method="post" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="container-inline"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Search form</h2> <div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-search-block-form"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-search-block-form--2">Search </label> <input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." type="text" id="edit-search-block-form--2" name="search_block_form" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions--2"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit--2" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-XW4qwENefyZat3Wfhig6bopKrTDY3Wz09Jm1HRx1hhI" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_block_form" /> </div> </div></form> </div> </div> <div id="block-menu-block-10" class="block block-menu-block clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-10 menu-name-menu-header-mini-menu parent-mlid-0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-5743"><a href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/focus-areas" title="">Focus Areas</a></li> <li class="leaf has-children menu-mlid-6825"><a href="/alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li class="last leaf has-children menu-mlid-6420"><a href="/giving" title="Parent section of &quot;giving&quot;">Giving</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /#header --> <div id="main-menu-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div id="navigation" class="container"> <div class="region region-main-nav"> <div id="block-superfish-1" class="block block-superfish"> <h2>Main menu</h2> <div class="content"> <ul id="superfish-1" class="menu sf-menu sf-main-menu sf-horizontal sf-style-none sf-total-items-8 sf-parent-items-8 sf-single-items-0"><li id="menu-1219-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-4 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/admissions" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Admissions</a><ul><li id="menu-1296-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/why-u-t/welcome-university-toronto-faculty-law" class="sf-depth-2">Message from the Dean</a></li><li id="menu-1289-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/admissions/why-u-t" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Why U of T?</a><ul><li id="menu-4553-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/admissions/why-u-t" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Why U of T?</a></li><li id="menu-3031-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/why-u-t/great-university" title="A Great University" class="sf-depth-3">A Great University</a></li><li id="menu-3030-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/why-u-t/great-city" title="A Great City" class="sf-depth-3">A Great City</a></li><li id="menu-5476-1" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about-law-school/inclusivity-and-diversity-faculty-law" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Inclusivity and Diversity at the Faculty of Law</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3012-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-16 sf-parent-children-3 sf-single-children-13 menuparent"><a href="/admissions/jd-admissions" title="JD Admissions" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">JD Admissions</a><ul><li id="menu-4544-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/admissions/jd-admissions" title="" class="sf-depth-3">JD Admissions</a></li><li id="menu-3016-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/jd-admissions-policies" title="Admissions Policies" class="sf-depth-3">Admissions Policies</a></li><li id="menu-3018-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3"><a href="/jd-admissions-procedure" title="Application Procedure" class="sf-depth-3">Application Procedure</a></li><li id="menu-3017-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/jd-admissions-timeline" title="Admissions Timeline" class="sf-depth-3">Admissions Timeline</a></li><li id="menu-3019-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/jd-admissions/half-time-program" title="Half-Time Program" class="sf-depth-3">Half-Time Program</a></li><li id="menu-4570-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3"><a href="/admissions/jd-admissions/aboriginal-applicants" class="sf-depth-3">Indigenous Applicants</a></li><li id="menu-6386-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/blackfuturelawyers" class="sf-depth-3">Black Future Lawyers</a></li><li id="menu-3020-1" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/jd-admissions/upper-year-applicants" title="Upper-Year Applicants" class="sf-depth-3">Upper-Year Applicants</a></li><li id="menu-3021-1" class="middle odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/jd-admissions/national-committee-accreditation-applicants" title="National Committee on Accreditation Applicants" class="sf-depth-3">National Committee on Accreditation Applicants</a></li><li id="menu-3023-1" class="middle even sf-item-10 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/financialaid" title="Financial Aid and Fees" class="sf-depth-3">Financial Aid and Fees</a></li><li id="menu-4102-1" class="middle odd sf-item-11 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/jd-admissions-faq" title="Frequently Asked Questions regarding JD admissions" class="sf-depth-3">Admissions FAQ</a></li><li id="menu-4361-1" class="middle even sf-item-12 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/jd-admissions-help" title="JD Admissions Enquiries" class="sf-depth-3">Admissions Enquiries</a></li><li id="menu-3013-1" class="middle odd sf-item-13 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissionevents" title="Calendar of Admissions Events" class="sf-depth-3">Admissions Events</a></li><li id="menu-3015-1" class="middle even sf-item-14 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/jd-admissions-updates" title="Admissions News Updates" class="sf-depth-3">Admissions News Updates</a></li><li id="menu-4934-1" class="middle odd sf-item-15 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/campustour" class="sf-depth-3">Campus Tours</a></li><li id="menu-5384-1" class="last even sf-item-16 sf-depth-3"><a href="/newadmit" class="sf-depth-3">New Admits - JD Program</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2999-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/admissions/graduate-admissions" title="Why Graduate Studies at U of T Law?" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Why Graduate Studies at U of T Law?</a><ul><li id="menu-2995-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3"><a href="/admissions/graduate-admissions/graduate-admissions-standards" title="Graduate Admissions" class="sf-depth-3">Graduate Admissions</a></li><li id="menu-2998-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/graduate-admissions/graduate-program-faq" title="Graduate Program FAQ" class="sf-depth-3">Graduate Program FAQ</a></li><li id="menu-2997-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/graduate-admissions/graduate-program-application-deadlines" title="Graduate Program Application Deadlines" class="sf-depth-3">Graduate Program Application Deadlines</a></li><li id="menu-2993-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3"><a href="/admissions/graduate-admissions/graduate-program-fees-and-financing" title="Graduate Program Fees and Financing" class="sf-depth-3">Graduate Program Fees and Financing</a></li><li id="menu-2992-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/graduate-admissions/employment-accommodation-and-more" title="Employment, Accommodation and More" class="sf-depth-3">Employment, Accommodation and More</a></li><li id="menu-2994-1" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/graduate-admissions/contact-us" title="Contact Us" class="sf-depth-3">Contact Us</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3028-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/professional-legal-education" title="Executive Education" class="sf-depth-2">Executive Education</a></li><li id="menu-4373-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/nca" class="sf-depth-2">National Committee on Accreditation Options</a></li><li id="menu-2991-1" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/admissions/community-outreach" title="Supporting Tomorrow’s Lawyers - Youth Outreach Activities" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Community outreach</a><ul><li id="menu-4103-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/getstarted" title="A description of the process for becoming a lawyer in Ontario" class="sf-depth-3">So, You Want to Become a Lawyer</a></li><li id="menu-6239-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/youth-outreach/black-future-lawyers" class="sf-depth-3">Black Future Lawyers Conference</a></li><li id="menu-4104-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/youth-outreach/high-school-students-frequently-asked-questions" title="Answers to questions frequently asked by high school students about studying law" class="sf-depth-3">High School Students FAQ</a></li><li id="menu-4362-1" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/lsap" title="LSAT preparation course for low-income students" class="sf-depth-3">Law School Access Program (Free LSAT Prep)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3705-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-6 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/academic-programs" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Academic Programs</a><ul><li id="menu-2908-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-12 sf-parent-children-7 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program" title="JD Program" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">JD Program</a><ul><li id="menu-2910-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/program-requirements" title="JD Program Requirements" class="sf-depth-3">Program Requirements</a></li><li id="menu-2909-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/program-opportunities" title="JD Program Opportunities" class="sf-depth-3">Program Opportunities</a></li><li id="menu-4916-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/experiential-learning-faculty-law" class="sf-depth-3">Experiential Education</a></li><li id="menu-2906-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/combined-programs" title="Programs combining the JD with other degrees" class="sf-depth-3">Combined Programs</a></li><li id="menu-5455-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/financing_JD_education" class="sf-depth-3">Financial Support for JD Education</a></li><li id="menu-2947-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/financial-aid-and-fees/student-fees-jd-program" title="JD Program Fees" class="sf-depth-3">JD Program Fees</a></li><li id="menu-2971-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/prizes-and-awards" title="Prizes and Awards in the JD Program" class="sf-depth-3">Prizes and Awards</a></li><li id="menu-2911-1" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/mooting" title="Mooting" class="sf-depth-3">Mooting</a></li><li id="menu-5095-1" class="middle odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/international-opportunities" class="sf-depth-3">International Opportunities</a></li><li id="menu-5668-1" class="middle even sf-item-10 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/leadership-skills-program" class="sf-depth-3">Leadership Skills Program</a></li><li id="menu-5671-1" class="middle odd sf-item-11 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/lawyers-doing-cool-things" class="sf-depth-3">Lawyers Doing Cool Things</a></li><li id="menu-5738-1" class="last even sf-item-12 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/leadership-skills-program/rotmanlaw" class="sf-depth-3">Rotman@Law</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2902-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-9 sf-parent-children-6 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/academic-programs/graduate-programs" title="Graduate Programs" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Graduate Programs</a><ul><li id="menu-2815-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/graduate-programs/llm-program-master-laws" title="LLM Program (Master of Laws)" class="sf-depth-3">LLM Program (Master of Laws)</a></li><li id="menu-2814-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3"><a href="https://gpllm.law.utoronto.ca/" title="The Global Professional LLM program" class="sf-depth-3">Global Professional LLM</a></li><li id="menu-2982-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/graduate-programs/msl-program-master-studies-in-law" title="MSL Program (Master of Studies in Law)" class="sf-depth-3">MSL Program (Master of Studies in Law)</a></li><li id="menu-2989-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/graduate-programs/sjd-program-doctor-juridical-science" title="SJD Program (Doctor of Juridical Science)" class="sf-depth-3">SJD Program (Doctor of Juridical Science)</a></li><li id="menu-2895-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/graduate-programs/collaborative-programs" title="Collaborative Programs" class="sf-depth-3">Collaborative Programs</a></li><li id="menu-5471-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/graduate-programs/meet-your-graduate-program-team" class="sf-depth-3">Graduate Program Team</a></li><li id="menu-5115-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/graduate-admissions/see-what-our-alumni-are-doing" class="sf-depth-3">See What Our Alumni Are Doing</a></li><li id="menu-5587-1" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/graduate-programs/current-students" class="sf-depth-3">Resources for Current Students</a></li><li id="menu-5712-1" class="last odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-3"><a href="/academic-programs/graduate-programs/new-admits-graduate-program" class="sf-depth-3">New Admits - Graduate Program</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1780-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2"><a href="/academic-programs/course-calendar" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Course List</a></li><li id="menu-6270-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/course-match" class="sf-depth-2">Course Match</a></li><li id="menu-4730-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-5 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/academic-programs/schedules" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Schedules and Timetables</a><ul><li id="menu-2879-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/academic-handbook/timetables-and-exam-schedules/timetable-fall-2024" title="Timetable: Fall 2024" class="sf-depth-3">Timetable: Fall 2024</a></li><li id="menu-2880-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/academic-handbook/timetables-and-exam-schedules/timetable-winter-2024-2025" title="Timetable: Winter 2025" class="sf-depth-3">Timetable: Winter 2025</a></li><li id="menu-2878-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/academic-handbook/timetables-and-exam-schedules/test-examination-schedules" title="Test &amp; Examination Schedules" class="sf-depth-3">Test &amp; Examination Schedules</a></li><li id="menu-4112-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/academic-handbook/syllabus/intensive-courses-info/intensive-course-schedule" title="Schedule for intensive courses" class="sf-depth-3">Intensive Course Schedule</a></li><li id="menu-2859-1" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/academic-handbook/syllabus/first-year-mandatory-dates" class="sf-depth-3">First Year Mandatory Dates</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2816-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2"><a href="/academic-programs/sessional-dates" title="Sessional Dates" class="sf-depth-2">Sessional Dates</a></li><li id="menu-1560-1" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="https://handbook.law.utoronto.ca/" title="" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">JD Academic Handbook</a><ul><li id="menu-4379-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/academic-handbook/syllabus/intensive-courses-info/intensive-course-schedule" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Intensive Course Schedule</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2985-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/executive-education" title="Executive Education" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Executive Education</a><ul><li id="menu-4811-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="http://www.law.utoronto.ca/academic-programs/graduate-programs/gpllm" title="Global Professional LLM" class="sf-depth-2">Global Professional LLM</a></li><li id="menu-5423-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/executive-education/cpd-events" class="sf-depth-2">CPD Events</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2729-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-3 sf-single-children-0 menuparent"><a href="/centres-programs" title="Centres &amp; Programs" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Centres &amp; Programs</a><ul><li id="menu-3060-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-5 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/programs-centres/centres" title="Centres" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Centres</a><ul><li id="menu-3061-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/centres/capital-markets-institute" title="Capital Markets Institute" class="sf-depth-3">Capital Markets Institute</a></li><li id="menu-3062-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/centres/centre-innovation-law-and-policy" title="Centre for Innovation Law and Policy" class="sf-depth-3">Centre for Innovation Law and Policy</a></li><li id="menu-3063-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/centres/centre-legal-profession" title="Centre for the Legal Profession" class="sf-depth-3">Centre for the Legal Profession</a></li><li id="menu-3065-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/centres/david-asper-centre-constitutional-rights" title="David Asper Centre for Constitutional Rights" class="sf-depth-3">David Asper Centre for Constitutional Rights</a></li><li id="menu-6533-1" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/centres/future-law-lab" class="sf-depth-3">Future of Law Lab</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3059-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-7 menuparent"><a href="/centres-programs/legal-clinics" title="Legal Clinics" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Legal Clinics</a><ul><li id="menu-3076-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3"><a href="/programs-centres/legal-clinics/downtown-legal-services" title="Downtown Legal Services" class="sf-depth-3">Downtown Legal Services</a></li><li id="menu-3073-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/centres-programs/legal-clinics/advocates-injured-workers" title="Advocates for Injured Workers" class="sf-depth-3">Advocates for Injured Workers</a></li><li id="menu-3074-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/legal-clinics/barbra-schlifer-commemorative-clinic" title="Barbra Schlifer Commemorative Clinic" class="sf-depth-3">Barbra Schlifer Commemorative Clinic</a></li><li id="menu-3069-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/clinics/david-asper-centre-constitutional-advocacy-clinic" title="David Asper Centre: Constitutional Advocacy Clinic" class="sf-depth-3">David Asper Centre: Constitutional Advocacy Clinic</a></li><li id="menu-3072-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/legal-clinics/health-equity-and-law-clinic" title="Health Equity and Law Clinic" class="sf-depth-3">Health Equity and Law Clinic</a></li><li id="menu-3097-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/programs/international-human-rights-program/ihrp-clinic-course" title="International Human Rights Program Clinic Course" class="sf-depth-3">International Human Rights Clinic</a></li><li id="menu-5231-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/centres-programs/legal-clinics/aboriginal-legal-services-toronto-alst-clinic" class="sf-depth-3">Aboriginal Legal Services Clinic</a></li><li id="menu-6419-1" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/legal-clinics/investor-protection-clinic" title="Investor Protection Clinic" class="sf-depth-3">Investor Protection Clinic</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3077-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-5 sf-parent-children-3 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/programs-centres/programs" title="Programs" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Programs</a><ul><li id="menu-3079-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3"><a href="/programs-centres/programs/international-human-rights-program" title="International Human Rights Program" class="sf-depth-3">International Human Rights Program</a></li><li id="menu-3083-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/programs/pbsc-pro-bono-students-canada" title="PBSC (Pro Bono Students Canada)" class="sf-depth-3">PBSC (Pro Bono Students Canada)</a></li><li id="menu-3082-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/programs/laws-law-in-action-within-schools" title="LAWS (Law in Action Within Schools)" class="sf-depth-3">LAWS (Law in Action Within Schools)</a></li><li id="menu-5233-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3"><a href="/programs-centres/programs/indigenous-initiatives-office" class="sf-depth-3">Indigenous Initiatives Office</a></li><li id="menu-3080-1" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3"><a href="/programs-centres/programs/irshl-reproductive-and-sexual-health-law" title="International Reproductive and Sexual Health Law Program - main page" class="sf-depth-3">International Reproductive and Sexual Health Law Program</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1223-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-7 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/scholarship-publications" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Scholarship &amp; Publications</a><ul><li id="menu-3276-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/scholarship-publications/faculty-scholarship" title="Faculty Scholarship" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Faculty Scholarship</a><ul><li id="menu-4019-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/faculty-scholarship/publications" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Recent Publications</a></li><li id="menu-3277-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/faculty-scholarship/featured-faculty-books" title="Featured Faculty Books" class="sf-depth-3">Featured Faculty Books</a></li><li id="menu-5240-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/faculty-scholarship/faculty-honours" class="sf-depth-3">Faculty Honours</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-4229-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2"><a href="/blog/faculty" title="Commentary by our faculty" class="sf-depth-2">Faculty Blog</a></li><li id="menu-5463-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/student-scholarship" class="sf-depth-2">Student scholarship</a></li><li id="menu-3275-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-0 menuparent"><a href="/scholarship-publications/conferences" title="Conferences" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Conferences</a><ul><li id="menu-6380-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/conferences/equity-workshop" class="sf-depth-3">The Equity Workshop</a></li><li id="menu-3397-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/conferences/archives" title="Conference Archives" class="sf-depth-3">Archives</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3278-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-8 menuparent"><a href="/scholarship-publications/journals-and-publications" title="Journals and Publications" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Journals and Publications</a><ul><li id="menu-3416-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/journals-and-publications/university-toronto-law-journal" title="University of Toronto Law Journal" class="sf-depth-3">University of Toronto Law Journal</a></li><li id="menu-3414-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/journals-and-publications/u-t-faculty-law-review" title="U of T Faculty of Law Review" class="sf-depth-3">U of T Faculty of Law Review</a></li><li id="menu-3410-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/journals-and-publications/canadian-business-law-journal" title="Canadian Business Law Journal" class="sf-depth-3">Canadian Business Law Journal</a></li><li id="menu-5128-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/journals-and-publications/critical-analysis-law-international" class="sf-depth-3">Critical Analysis of Law: An International &amp; Interdisciplinary Law Review</a></li><li id="menu-3412-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/journals-and-publications/journal-international-law-and-international" title="Journal of International Law and International Relations" class="sf-depth-3">Journal of International Law and International Relations</a></li><li id="menu-3413-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/journals-and-publications/middle-east-law-and-governance-journal-melg" title="Middle East Law and Governance journal (MELG)" class="sf-depth-3">Middle East Law and Governance journal (MELG)</a></li><li id="menu-3411-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/journals-and-publications/indigenous-law-journal" title="Indigenous Law Journal" class="sf-depth-3">U of T Indigenous Law Journal</a></li><li id="menu-3415-1" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/journals-and-publications/u-t-journal-law-and-equality" title="U of T Journal of Law and Equality" class="sf-depth-3">U of T Journal of Law and Equality</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3279-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-4 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/scholarship-publications/special-lectures" title="Special Lectures" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Special Lectures</a><ul><li id="menu-3424-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/special-lectures/cecil-wright-memorial-lecture" title="Cecil A. Wright Memorial Lecture" class="sf-depth-3">Cecil A. Wright Memorial Lecture</a></li><li id="menu-3425-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/special-lectures/david-b-goodman-lecture" title="David B. Goodman Lecture" class="sf-depth-3">David B. Goodman Lecture</a></li><li id="menu-3463-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/special-lectures/edwards-memorial-lecture" title="John LI J Edwards Lecture" class="sf-depth-3">John LI J Edwards Lecture</a></li><li id="menu-3428-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/special-lectures/morris-gross-memorial-lecture" title="Morris A. Gross Memorial Lecture" class="sf-depth-3">Morris A. Gross Memorial Lecture</a></li><li id="menu-5457-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/special-lectures/katherine-baker-memorial-lecture" class="sf-depth-3">Katherine Baker Memorial Lecture</a></li><li id="menu-3430-1" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/special-lectures/other-lectures" title="Other Lectures" class="sf-depth-3">Other Lectures</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3468-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/scholarship-publications/special-projects" title="Special projects of faculty members, on the Bora Laskin Law Library website" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Special Projects</a><ul><li id="menu-3469-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="https://library.law.utoronto.ca/chaoulli-case-resources-and-commentary" title="Chaoulli case: resources and commentary" class="sf-depth-3">Chaoulli case: resources and commentary</a></li><li id="menu-3470-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="https://library.law.utoronto.ca/khadr-case-resources-page" title="Khadr Case Resources Page" class="sf-depth-3">Khadr Case Resources Page</a></li><li id="menu-4106-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="https://library.law.utoronto.ca/lignes-directrices-facultatives-en-mati%C3%A8re-de-pensions-alimentaires-pour-%C3%A9poux" title="Lignes directrices facultatives en matière de pensions alimentaires pour époux" class="sf-depth-3">Lignes directrices facultatives ...</a></li><li id="menu-4387-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/external?site=http://www.aspercentre.ca/constitutional-cases/scc-facta.htm" title="Asper Centre collection of case materials from key Charter cases at the Supreme Court of Canada" class="sf-depth-3">SCC Charter Case Materials</a></li><li id="menu-4105-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="https://library.law.utoronto.ca/spousal-support-advisory-guidelines" title="Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines" class="sf-depth-3">Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines</a></li><li id="menu-2727-1" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/special-projects/law-religion-and-society" title="Law, Religion and Society" class="sf-depth-3">Law, Religion and Society</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3280-1" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-16 sf-parent-children-11 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars" title="Workshops and Seminars" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Workshops and Seminars</a><ul><li id="menu-6911-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/animals-in-law-and-humanities" class="sf-depth-3">Animals in the Law and Humanities</a></li><li id="menu-3472-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/constitutional-roundtable" title="Constitutional Roundtable" class="sf-depth-3">Constitutional Roundtable</a></li><li id="menu-3474-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/critical-analysis-law-workshop" title="Critical Analysis of Law Workshop" class="sf-depth-3">Critical Analysis of Law Workshop</a></li><li id="menu-6946-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/faculty-colloquium" class="sf-depth-3">Faculty Colloquium</a></li><li id="menu-4919-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/globalization-law-justice-workshop-series" class="sf-depth-3">Globalization, Law &amp; Justice Workshop Series</a></li><li id="menu-3478-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/health-law-ethics-and-policy-seminar-series" title="Health Law, Policy and Ethics Seminar Series" class="sf-depth-3">Health Law, Policy and Ethics Seminar Series</a></li><li id="menu-6826-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/innovation-law-and-policy-workshop" class="sf-depth-3">Innovation Law and Policy Workshop</a></li><li id="menu-3480-1" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/law-economics-workshop" title="Law &amp; Economics Workshop" class="sf-depth-3">Law &amp; Economics Workshop</a></li><li id="menu-4555-1" class="middle odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/law-and-humanities-workshop" class="sf-depth-3">Law and Humanities Workshop</a></li><li id="menu-3483-1" class="middle even sf-item-10 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/legal-theory-workshops" title="Legal Theory Workshops" class="sf-depth-3">Legal Theory Workshops</a></li><li id="menu-3485-1" class="middle odd sf-item-11 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/toronto-legal-history-group" class="sf-depth-3">Osgoode Society Legal History Workshop</a></li><li id="menu-3484-1" class="middle even sf-item-12 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/tax-law-and-policy-workshop-series" title="Tax Law and Policy Workshop Series" class="sf-depth-3">Tax Law and Policy Workshop Series</a></li><li id="menu-6938-1" class="middle odd sf-item-13 sf-depth-3"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/group-ownership-workshop" class="sf-depth-3">The Group Ownership Workshop</a></li><li id="menu-6882-1" class="middle even sf-item-14 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/workshops-and-seminars/university-toronto-annual-patent-colloquium" class="sf-depth-3">University of Toronto Annual Patent Colloquium</a></li><li id="menu-6549-1" class="middle odd sf-item-15 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications/conferences/yale-toronto-private-law-theory-discussion-group" class="sf-depth-3">Yale-Toronto Private Law Theory Discussion Group</a></li><li id="menu-6449-1" class="last even sf-item-16 sf-depth-3"><a href="/decolonizing-canadian-constitutional-law" class="sf-depth-3">Decolonizing Canadian Constitutional Law</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1591-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-5 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/faculty-staff" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Faculty &amp; Staff</a><ul><li id="menu-1802-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/faculty-staff/full-time-faculty/photo-card" title="" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Faculty</a><ul><li id="menu-3638-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/full-time-faculty" title="Single-page list of faculty (without photos)" class="sf-depth-3">Faculty - List View</a></li><li id="menu-5710-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/emeritus-faculty/photo-card" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Emeritus Faculty</a></li><li id="menu-5501-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="http://www.law.utoronto.ca/scholarship-publications/faculty-scholarship/faculty-honours" title="Honours awarded to faculty" class="sf-depth-3">Faculty Honours</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3035-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/endowed-chairs" title="Endowed Chairs" class="sf-depth-2">Chairholders</a></li><li id="menu-3859-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/faculty-staff/distinguished-visitors" title="" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Distinguished Visitors</a><ul><li id="menu-3038-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/distinguished-visitors/about-distinguished-visitors" title="About Distinguished Visitors" class="sf-depth-3">About Distinguished Visitors</a></li><li id="menu-3862-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3"><a href="/faculty-staff/distinguished-visitors/archives" class="sf-depth-3">Distinguished Visitor Archives</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2251-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/faculty-staff/adjunct-visiting-faculty" title="" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Adjunct and Visiting Faculty</a><ul><li id="menu-3036-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/adjunct-visiting-faculty/about-adjunct-and-visiting-faculty" title="About Adjunct and Visiting Faculty" class="sf-depth-3">About Adjunct and Visiting Faculty</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-6033-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/academic-visitors-university-toronto-faculty-law/postgraduate-fellows" class="sf-depth-2">Postdoctoral Fellows</a></li><li id="menu-1823-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/faculty-staff/staff" title="" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Staff Directory</a><ul><li id="menu-1887-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/staff/by-department" title="" class="sf-depth-3">By Department</a></li><li id="menu-6880-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/staff/research-associates" class="sf-depth-3">Research Associates</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3033-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2"><a href="/faculty-staff/academic-employment" title="Academic Employment Opportunities" class="sf-depth-2">Academic Employment Opportunities</a></li><li id="menu-6925-1" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/academic-visitors-university-toronto-faculty-law" class="sf-depth-2">Academic Visitors to the University of Toronto Faculty of Law</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2731-1" class="active-trail middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-14 sf-parent-children-6 sf-single-children-8 menuparent"><a href="/student-life" title="Student Life &amp; Services" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Student Life &amp; Services</a><ul><li id="menu-6968-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/meet-your-student-services-team" class="sf-depth-2">Meet your Student Services Team</a></li><li id="menu-4335-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-4 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/student-life/career-development-office" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Career Development Office</a><ul><li id="menu-4345-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3"><a href="/student-life/career-development-office/students-seeking-employment" class="sf-depth-3">Current Students</a></li><li id="menu-4414-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3"><a href="/prospective-students" class="sf-depth-3">Prospective Students</a></li><li id="menu-4350-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3"><a href="/student-life/career-development-office/employers-seeking-students" class="sf-depth-3">Employers</a></li><li id="menu-4349-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/career-development-office/cdo-guides-and-resources" class="sf-depth-3">What We Offer</a></li><li id="menu-4357-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/career-development-office/cdo-workshops-and-programs" class="sf-depth-3">Upcoming Events</a></li><li id="menu-4346-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/career-development-office/cdo-who-we-are" class="sf-depth-3">Contact Us</a></li><li id="menu-4352-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/career-development-office/cdo-frequently-asked-questions" class="sf-depth-3">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li id="menu-5998-1" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3"><a href="/career-explorer" class="sf-depth-3">Career Explorer: A Map for U of T Law Students</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3505-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/academic-support" title="Academic Support" class="sf-depth-2">Academic Support</a></li><li id="menu-5662-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/student-life/mentorship-and-peer-programs-u-t-law" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Mentorship and Peer Programs at U of T Law</a><ul><li id="menu-5669-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-information-alumni-student-mentorship-program" class="sf-depth-3">Alumni-Student Mentorship Program</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3528-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-3 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/student-life/personal-support" title="Supporting your life outside of academics" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Student Life</a><ul><li id="menu-3530-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/family-care" title="Students with Families" class="sf-depth-3">Students with Families</a></li><li id="menu-3532-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/housing" title="Housing" class="sf-depth-3">Housing</a></li><li id="menu-4532-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/lgbt-students-uoft-law" class="sf-depth-3">LGBTQ Students at UofT Law</a></li><li id="menu-4534-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/mature-students" class="sf-depth-3">Mature Students</a></li><li id="menu-3534-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/safety-campus" title="Safety on Campus" class="sf-depth-3">Safety on Campus</a></li><li id="menu-5473-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/spiritual-diversity-law-school" class="sf-depth-3">Spiritual Diversity at the Law School</a></li><li id="menu-3533-1" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/other-university-toronto-services" title="Other University of Toronto Services" class="sf-depth-3">Other University of Toronto Services</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3531-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/health-and-well-being" title="Health and Wellness" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Health and Wellness</a><ul><li id="menu-3529-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/accessibility-services" title="Accessibility Services / Accommodations" class="sf-depth-3">Accessibility Services / Accommodations</a></li><li id="menu-4562-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/health-and-well-being/health-and-wellness-law-school" class="sf-depth-3">Counselling &amp; Support Services</a></li><li id="menu-4563-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/health-and-well-being/health-and-wellness-university" class="sf-depth-3">Health &amp; Medical Services</a></li><li id="menu-6369-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/health-and-well-being/mindfulness-program-faculty-law" class="sf-depth-3">Mindfulness program at the Faculty of Law</a></li><li id="menu-4564-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/health-and-well-being/health-and-wellness-local-community" class="sf-depth-3">Other Wellness Resources</a></li><li id="menu-5633-1" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/health-and-well-being/tips-staying-well-law-school" class="sf-depth-3">Tips for Staying Well at Law School</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-5981-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="https://uoftbookstore.com/law_faculty.asp" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Bookstore (external link)</a></li><li id="menu-5746-1" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/student-life/graduate-health-wellness" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Graduate Health &amp; Wellness</a><ul><li id="menu-5747-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/graduate-health-wellness/accessibility-servicesaccommodations" class="sf-depth-3">Accessibility Services/Accommodations</a></li><li id="menu-5748-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/graduate-health-wellness/counseling-and-support-services" class="sf-depth-3">Counseling and Support Services</a></li><li id="menu-5749-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/graduate-health-wellness/health-and-medical-services" class="sf-depth-3">Health and Medical Services</a></li><li id="menu-5750-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/graduate-health-wellness/other-wellness-resources" class="sf-depth-3">Other Wellness Resources</a></li><li id="menu-5751-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/graduate-health-wellness/self-assessment-tools" class="sf-depth-3">Self-Assessment Tools</a></li><li id="menu-5752-1" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/graduate-health-wellness/tips-staying-well-law-school" class="sf-depth-3">Tips for Staying Well at Law School</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-5644-1" class="middle odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/programs-centres/programs/indigenous-initiatives-office" title="Indigenous Initiatives Office" class="sf-depth-2">Indigenous Initiatives Office</a></li><li id="menu-3502-1" class="middle even sf-item-10 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-36 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-35 menuparent"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events" title="Student Clubs and Events" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Student Clubs and Events</a><ul><li id="menu-3537-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/artists-legal-advice-services" title="Artists&#039; Legal Advice Services" class="sf-depth-3">Artists&#039; Legal Advice Services</a></li><li id="menu-3543-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/asia-law-society" title="Asia Law Society" class="sf-depth-3">Asia Law Society</a></li><li id="menu-3538-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/black-law-students-association-blsa" title="Black Law Students Association (BLSA)" class="sf-depth-3">Black Law Students Association (BLSA)</a></li><li id="menu-3539-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/business-law-society" title="Business Law Society" class="sf-depth-3">Business Law Society</a></li><li id="menu-5984-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/canadian-association-refugee-lawyers-carl" class="sf-depth-3">The Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers (CARL)</a></li><li id="menu-6892-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/canadian-hispanic-bar-association" class="sf-depth-3">Canadian Hispanic Bar Association (CHBA), U of T Chapter</a></li><li id="menu-3541-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/clf" title="Christian Legal Fellowship - University of Toronto Chapter" class="sf-depth-3">Christian Legal Fellowship</a></li><li id="menu-6958-1" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/competition-law-group" class="sf-depth-3">Competition Law Group</a></li><li id="menu-3542-1" class="middle odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/criminal-law-students-society-clsa" title="Criminal Law Students&#039; Association (CLSA)" class="sf-depth-3">Criminal Law Students&#039; Association (CLSA)</a></li><li id="menu-6377-1" class="middle even sf-item-10 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/disabled-law-students-association" class="sf-depth-3">The Disabled Law Students’ Association</a></li><li id="menu-3545-1" class="middle odd sf-item-11 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/environmental-law-club" title="Environmental Law Club" class="sf-depth-3">Environmental Law Club</a></li><li id="menu-3550-1" class="middle even sf-item-12 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/intramural-sports" title="Intramural Sports" class="sf-depth-3">Faculty of Law Athletic Association/Intramurals</a></li><li id="menu-5685-1" class="middle odd sf-item-13 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/first-generation-network" class="sf-depth-3">First Generation Network</a></li><li id="menu-3547-1" class="middle even sf-item-14 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/health-law-club" title="Health Law Club" class="sf-depth-3">Health Law Club</a></li><li id="menu-3535-1" class="middle odd sf-item-15 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/indigenous-law-students-association" title="Indigenous Law Students&#039; Association" class="sf-depth-3">Indigenous Law Students&#039; Association</a></li><li id="menu-3549-1" class="middle even sf-item-16 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/international-law-society" title="International Law Society" class="sf-depth-3">International Law Society</a></li><li id="menu-3552-1" class="middle odd sf-item-17 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/jewish-law-students-association" title="Jewish Law Students&#039; Association" class="sf-depth-3">Jewish Law Students&#039; Association</a></li><li id="menu-6914-1" class="middle even sf-item-18 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/korean-law-students-association-klsa" class="sf-depth-3">Korean Law Students’ Association (KLSA)</a></li><li id="menu-5461-1" class="middle odd sf-item-19 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/leap-labour-and-employment-law-in-actual-practice" class="sf-depth-3">The Labour &amp; Employment Law Society</a></li><li id="menu-3555-1" class="middle even sf-item-20 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/law-follies" title="Law Follies" class="sf-depth-3">Law Follies</a></li><li id="menu-3556-1" class="middle odd sf-item-21 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/law-games" title="Law Games" class="sf-depth-3">Law Games</a></li><li id="menu-6974-1" class="middle even sf-item-22 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events" title="" class="sf-depth-3">U of T Mock Trial Association</a></li><li id="menu-3558-1" class="middle odd sf-item-23 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/litigation-association" title="Litigation Association" class="sf-depth-3">Litigation Association</a></li><li id="menu-3560-1" class="middle even sf-item-24 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/muslim-law-students-association" title="Muslim Law Students&#039; Association" class="sf-depth-3">Muslim Law Students&#039; Association</a></li><li id="menu-3561-1" class="middle odd sf-item-25 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/outlaws" title="OutLaws" class="sf-depth-3">OutLaws</a></li><li id="menu-6447-1" class="middle even sf-item-26 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/privacy-and-cybersecurity-law-group" title="Privacy and Cybersecurity Law Group" class="sf-depth-3">Privacy and Cybersecurity Law Group</a></li><li id="menu-6551-1" class="middle odd sf-item-27 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/real-estate-law-society" title="Real Estate Law Society" class="sf-depth-3">Real Estate Law Society</a></li><li id="menu-5731-1" class="middle even sf-item-28 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/runnymede-society" class="sf-depth-3">Runnymede Society</a></li><li id="menu-3564-1" class="middle odd sf-item-29 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/south-asian-law-students-association-salsa" title="South Asian Law Students&#039; Association (SALSA)" class="sf-depth-3">South Asian Law Students&#039; Association (SALSA)</a></li><li id="menu-3566-1" class="middle even sf-item-30 sf-depth-3"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/sports-and-entertainment-law-society" title="Sports and Entertainment Law Society" class="sf-depth-3">Sports and Entertainment Law Society</a></li><li id="menu-5238-1" class="middle odd sf-item-31 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/tax-law-society" class="sf-depth-3">Tax Law Society</a></li><li id="menu-3569-1" class="middle even sf-item-32 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/ultra-vires" title="Ultra Vires" class="sf-depth-3">Ultra Vires</a></li><li id="menu-3567-1" class="middle odd sf-item-33 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/student-animal-legal-defense-fund" title="University of Toronto Animal Justice" class="sf-depth-3">University of Toronto Animal Justice</a></li><li id="menu-5108-1" class="middle even sf-item-34 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/u-t-law-union" class="sf-depth-3">U of T Law Union</a></li><li id="menu-4384-1" class="middle odd sf-item-35 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/venture-law-society" class="sf-depth-3">Venture Capital Law Society</a></li><li id="menu-3570-1" class="last even sf-item-36 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events/women-and-law-student-group" title="Women and the Law (Student Group)" class="sf-depth-3">Women and the Law</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3504-1" class="middle odd sf-item-11 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/students-law-society-sls" title="Students&#039; Law Society (SLS)" class="sf-depth-2">Students&#039; Law Society (SLS)</a></li><li id="menu-3501-1" class="middle even sf-item-12 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/graduate-law-students-association" title="Graduate Law Students&#039; Association" class="sf-depth-2">Graduate Law Students&#039; Association</a></li><li id="menu-3503-1" class="middle odd sf-item-13 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-journals" title="Student Journals" class="sf-depth-2">Student Journals</a></li><li id="menu-4915-1" class="active-trail last even sf-item-14 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/student-participation-in-university-and-faculty-law-governance" class="sf-depth-2 active">Student Participation in University and Faculty of Law Governance</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2730-1" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-10 sf-parent-children-5 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/about-law-school" title="About the Law School" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">About</a><ul><li id="menu-5647-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/about/building-orientation" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Building Orientation</a><ul><li id="menu-5648-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/student-life/building-faqs" class="sf-depth-3">Building FAQs</a></li><li id="menu-5661-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/building-orientation/special-features-jackman-law-building" class="sf-depth-3">Special Features of the Jackman Law Building</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2733-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/about/brief-history" title="Brief History of the Law School" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Brief History of the Law School</a><ul><li id="menu-2737-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/brief-history/class-1951" title="Class of 1951" class="sf-depth-3">Class of 1951</a></li><li id="menu-2738-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3"><a href="/about/brief-history/trailblazers-1970s" title="Trailblazers from the 1970s" class="sf-depth-3">Trailblazers from the 1970s</a></li><li id="menu-2746-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3"><a href="/about/brief-history/women-in-law-through-decades" title="Women in Law Through the Decades" class="sf-depth-3">Women in Law Through the Decades</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2734-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/about/fact-sheet" title="Fact Sheet" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Fact Sheet</a><ul><li id="menu-5468-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/jd-first-year-class-profile" class="sf-depth-3">JD First Year Class Profile</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-5475-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about-law-school/inclusivity-and-diversity-faculty-law" class="sf-depth-2">Inclusivity and Diversity at the Faculty of Law</a></li><li id="menu-2805-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/about/law-school-buildings" title="Law School Buildings" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Law School Buildings</a><ul><li id="menu-2806-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/law-school-buildings/flavelle-ceiling" title="Flavelle Ceiling" class="sf-depth-3">Flavelle Ceiling</a></li><li id="menu-5949-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/law-school-buildings/building-tour" class="sf-depth-3">Building Tour</a></li><li id="menu-4817-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3"><a href="/blog/construction" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Construction Blog</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-5670-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about-law-school/statement-acknowledgement-traditional-land" class="sf-depth-2">Statement of Acknowledgement of Traditional Land</a></li><li id="menu-5975-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about-law-school/truth-and-reconciliation-commission-implementation-committee" class="sf-depth-2">Truth and Reconciliation Commission Implementation Committee</a></li><li id="menu-2803-1" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/visitor-info/visitor-frequently-asked-questions" title="Visitor Frequently Asked Questions" class="sf-depth-2">Visitor Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li id="menu-2811-1" class="middle odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/about/visitor-info/how-find-us" title="How to Find Us" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">How to Find Us</a><ul><li id="menu-2812-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/visitor-info/law-school-buildings-internal-maps" title="Law School Buildings: Internal Maps" class="sf-depth-3">Law School Buildings: Internal Maps</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1301-1" class="last even sf-item-10 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/contact-us" class="sf-depth-2">Contact Us</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /#main-menu-wrapper --> </div> <!-- /#header-wrapper --> <div id="main-wrapper"> <div id="main" class="container layout-three-col"> <div id="content-wrapper"> <div id="content" class="column"> <div id="breadcrumb"><h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><span class="first"><a href="/">Home</a></span><a href="/student-life" title="Student Life &amp; Services">Student Life &amp; Services</a><span class="separator">&gt;</span>Student Participation in University and Faculty of Law Governance</div></div> <a id="main-content" accesskey="m"></a> <h1 class="title" id="page-title">Student Participation in University and Faculty of Law Governance</h1> <div id="main-content-region" role="main"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system"> <div class="content"> <div id="node-8625" class="node node-page node-page-full clearfix" about="/student-life/student-participation-in-university-and-faculty-law-governance" typeof="foaf:Document"> <span property="dc:title" content="Student Participation in University and Faculty of Law Governance" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span property="sioc:num_replies" content="0" datatype="xsd:integer" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><h2>Governance at the University of Toronto</h2><p>Governance of the University of Toronto is collaborative and engages students, staff, faculty members, divisions, colleges, residences and draws members from all three constituent campuses—Scarborough, Mississauga and St. George.</p><p>There are many opportunities for students to participate in university governance in formal and informal ways. In the broader university, there are close to 2,000 elected or appointed positions for students on more than 350 councils, boards and committees.&nbsp; Students also participate in university decision making through a vast range of informal consultation and feedback mechanisms.</p><p><a href="http://www.governingcouncil.utoronto.ca/home.htm" target="_blank">Governing Council</a> is the senior body that oversees the academic, business and student affairs of the University of Toronto, including:</p><ul><li>Providing guidance on the University’s long term strategic direction;</li><li>Advising on and approving financial policies, and approving the annual operating budget and audited financial statements;</li><li>Oversight of human resources policies;</li><li>Reviewing and approving institutional master plans and major capital projects, and monitoring project implementation;</li><li>Academic quality; and</li><li>Student experience.</li></ul><p>Law students have a strong tradition of making significant contributions to Governing Council and its committees. Since 2005, the following students have been elected to serve as University Governors:</p><ul><li>Riaz Sayani-Mulji&nbsp;(class of 2016)</li><li>Cary Ferguson (class of 2013)</li><li>Adam Heller (class of 2011)</li><li>Alex Kenjeev (class of 2011)</li><li>Navine Aggarwal (class of 2007)</li><li>Ran Goel&nbsp; (class of 2007)</li></ul><h2>Governance at the Faculty of Law</h2><p>Student participation is very important to decision-making at the Faculty of Law. Law students contribute on a broad range of issues that impacts almost every aspect of the law school, including curriculum, courses, clinics, admissions, financial aid, diversity and accessibility, etc. Similar to the structure of the University’s&nbsp; governance, law students contribute to decision making at the faculty through formal and informal mechanisms.</p><p>The Faculty of Law’s formal governance takes place through its Faculty Council and Committees, and the Dean’s Advisory Committees. In addition to all faculty members and some staff, elected student members of the <a href="/student-life/students-law-society-sls">Student’s Law Society</a> and the <a href="/student-life/graduate-law-students-association">Graduate Student Law Society</a> vote on issues that come before the Committees and Faculty Council. Law student representatives comprise one-third of voting members of Faculty Council.</p><p>Student membership on Faculty Council Committees and Dean’s Advisory Committees is as follows:</p><ul><li>Standing Curriculum Committee: 3 JD, 1 Grad</li><li>Financial Aid Committee: 3 JD</li><li>Graduate Education Committee:&nbsp; 2 Grad</li><li>Library and Technology Committee:&nbsp; 2 JD, 1 Grad</li><li>Student Affairs Committee: 1 JD, and 2 Grad</li><li>Gender, Accessibility and Diversity Committee: 3 JD, 2 Grad</li><li>Short-term Curriculum Committee:&nbsp; 2 JD</li><li>Appeal Committee: 2 JD</li><li>Graduate Appeal Committee:&nbsp; 1 Grad</li><li>International Advisory Committee:&nbsp; 3 JD,&nbsp;1 Grad</li><li>Clinical and Experiential Education Committee:&nbsp; 2 JD</li><li>Mooting and Advocacy Committee:&nbsp; 2 JD</li><li>Environmental Sustainability Committee:&nbsp; 3 JD, 1 Grad</li><li>Admissions Committee:&nbsp; 2 JD</li><li>Mental Health and Wellness Committee:&nbsp; 3 JD, 1 Grad</li><li>Truth and Reconciliation Committee:&nbsp; 2 JD</li></ul><p>Law students also participate in numerous informal consultations and feedback mechanisms including standing committees such as the Health and Wellness Student Advisory Committee and Career Development Student Advisory Committee, and other ad hoc consultations hosted by the law school administration throughout the year.</p></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar-second" class="column sidebar"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <div id="block-block-54" class="block block-block"> <div class="content"> <p><img src="/sites/default/files/content_images/content/students/CaryFerguson2013.jpg" border="0" alt="Cary Ferguson" width="190" height="199" /></p><p>"Taking part in university governance was one of the most rewarding experiences I had at U of T. As a Governor I was part of the highest levels of a multi-billion organization, had direct input on university-wide issues and got to put my legal training to use. It was a great way to get involved in the broader U of T community and take action on issues that mattered."</p><p>– Cary Ferguson, former University Governor, class of 2013</p><p><img src="/sites/default/files/content_images/content/students/NatalieLumTai2013.jpg" border="0" alt="Natalie Lum-Tai" width="190" height="203" /></p><p>“From brainstorming social activities and events and fostering relationships with alumni, to discussing sustainability, diversity, academic curriculum, and financial aid, being part of the SLS has given me the opportunity to help improve all aspects of the student experience in collaboration with the Administration. For me, voting on motions at Faculty Council alongside professors and program directors is one of the most meaningful expressions of student governance at U of T”</p><p>– Natalie Lum-Tai, SLS Representative, class of 2015</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /#sidebar-second --> </div> <!-- /#content --> </div> <div id="sidebar-first" class="column sidebar"> <div class="region region-sidebar-first"> <div id="block-menu-block-1" class="block block-menu-block clearfix"> <h2><a href="/student-life" title="Student Life &amp; Services" class="active-trail">Student Life &amp; Services</a></h2> <div class="content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-1 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-0 menu-level-2"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-6968"><a href="/student-life/meet-your-student-services-team">Meet your Student Services Team</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-4335"><a href="/student-life/career-development-office">Career Development Office</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3505"><a href="/student-life/academic-support" title="Academic Support">Academic Support</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-5662"><a href="/student-life/mentorship-and-peer-programs-u-t-law">Mentorship and Peer Programs at U of T Law</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-3528"><a href="/student-life/personal-support" title="Supporting your life outside of academics">Student Life</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-3531"><a href="/student-life/personal-support/health-and-well-being" title="Health and Wellness">Health and Wellness</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-5981"><a href="https://uoftbookstore.com/law_faculty.asp" title="">Bookstore (external link)</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-5746"><a href="/student-life/graduate-health-wellness">Graduate Health &amp; Wellness</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-5644"><a href="https://www.law.utoronto.ca/programs-centres/programs/indigenous-initiatives-office" title="Indigenous Initiatives Office">Indigenous Initiatives Office</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-3502"><a href="/student-life/student-clubs-and-events" title="Student Clubs and Events">Student Clubs and Events</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3504"><a href="/student-life/students-law-society-sls" title="Students&#039; Law Society (SLS)">Students&#039; Law Society (SLS)</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3501"><a href="/student-life/graduate-law-students-association" title="Graduate Law Students&#039; Association">Graduate Law Students&#039; Association</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3503"><a href="/student-life/student-journals" title="Student Journals">Student Journals</a></li> <li class="last leaf active-trail active menu-mlid-4915"><a href="/student-life/student-participation-in-university-and-faculty-law-governance" class="active-trail active">Student Participation in University and Faculty of Law Governance</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /#sidebar-first --> </div> <!-- /#main --> </div> <!-- /#main-wrapper --> <div id="footer-wrapper"> <div id="footer-top"> <div class="container"> <div class="region region-footer-top"> <div id="block-block-2" class="block block-block"> <h2>Social media</h2> <div class="content"> <ul id="social-media"> <li class="twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/uoftlaw" target="_blank">Twitter</a></li> <li class="facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/UofTLaw" target="_blank">Facebook</a></li> <li class="linked-in"><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/university-of-toronto-faculty-of-law" target="_blank">Linked In</a></li> <li class="youtube"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/UTorontoLaw/" target="_blank">YouTube</a></li> <li class="instagram"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/UofTLaw/" target="_blank">Instagram</a></li> <li class="tumblr"><a href="http://84queenspark.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">Tumblr</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="block-superfish-3" class="block block-superfish"> <h2>Footer menu</h2> <div class="content"> <ul id="superfish-3" class="menu sf-menu sf-menu-footer-menu sf-horizontal sf-style-none sf-total-items-5 sf-parent-items-5 sf-single-items-0"><li id="menu-1310-3" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-11 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-11 menuparent"><a href="/future-students" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Future Students</a><ul><li id="menu-4536-3" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/why-u-t/welcome-university-toronto-faculty-law" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Message from the Dean</a></li><li id="menu-3726-3" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/jd-admissions" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Admissions</a></li><li id="menu-3727-3" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/financialaid" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Financial Aid</a></li><li id="menu-3728-3" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/jd-program/combined-programs" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Combined Programs</a></li><li id="menu-3729-3" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/focus-areas" class="sf-depth-2">Focus Areas</a></li><li id="menu-3730-3" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/programs-centres/programs" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Special Programs</a></li><li id="menu-3731-3" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Student Life</a></li><li id="menu-3732-3" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/full-time-faculty/photo-card" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Faculty</a></li><li id="menu-3839-3" class="middle odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/brief-history" title="" class="sf-depth-2">History</a></li><li id="menu-3840-3" class="middle even sf-item-10 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/law-school-buildings" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Law School Buildings</a></li><li id="menu-3841-3" class="last odd sf-item-11 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/admissions/why-u-t/great-city" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Toronto</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1311-3" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/current-students" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Current Students</a><ul><li id="menu-5488-3" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="http://handbook.law.utoronto.ca/" title="Academic Handbook (external link)" class="sf-depth-2">Academic Handbook</a></li><li id="menu-3843-3" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/course-calendar" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Course Calendar</a></li><li id="menu-3844-3" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/sessional-dates" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Sessional Dates</a></li><li id="menu-5489-3" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/academic-programs/schedules" title="Schedules and Timetables" class="sf-depth-2">Schedules and Timetables</a></li><li id="menu-5490-3" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/bookstore" title="Bookstore" class="sf-depth-2">Bookstore</a></li><li id="menu-4374-3" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/student-life/career-development-office" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Career Development Office</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1312-3" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-9 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-9 menuparent"><a href="/visitors" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Visitors</a><ul><li id="menu-5491-3" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about-law-school" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Welcome to the Law School</a></li><li id="menu-3849-3" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Faculty &amp; Staff Directories</a></li><li id="menu-3850-3" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="http://library.law.utoronto.ca" title="Bora Laskin Law Library (external link)" class="sf-depth-2">Bora Laskin Law Library</a></li><li id="menu-3851-3" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/executive-education" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Executive Education</a></li><li id="menu-3852-3" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/centres-programs/legal-clinics" title="Legal Clinics" class="sf-depth-2">Legal Clinics</a></li><li id="menu-3853-3" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/centres-programs" title="Centers &amp; Programs" class="sf-depth-2">Centers &amp; Programs</a></li><li id="menu-3854-3" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/scholarship-publications" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Special Lectures, Workshops, Seminars, and Conferences</a></li><li id="menu-3855-3" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/visitor-info/visitor-frequently-asked-questions" title="Frequently Asked Questions" class="sf-depth-2">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li id="menu-3857-3" class="last odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/events/month" title="Events Calendar (this month)" class="sf-depth-2">Events Calendar</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1314-3" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/faculty-staff" title="" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Faculty &amp; Staff</a><ul><li id="menu-5494-3" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/full-time-faculty/photo-card" title="Faculty Directory, with photos" class="sf-depth-2">Faculty Directory (Photo)</a></li><li id="menu-5495-3" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/full-time-faculty" title="Faculty Directory, one-page list" class="sf-depth-2">Faculty Directory (List)</a></li><li id="menu-5496-3" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/staff" title="Staff Directory, list view" class="sf-depth-2">Staff Directory</a></li><li id="menu-5497-3" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/faculty-staff/staff/by-department" title="Staff Directory by department" class="sf-depth-2">Staff Directory (Department)</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-4232-3" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-15 sf-parent-children-14 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/focus-areas" title="" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Focus Areas</a><ul><li id="menu-2149-3" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/aboriginal-law" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Aboriginal Law</a></li><li id="menu-6887-3" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/focus-area/animal-law" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Animal Law</a></li><li id="menu-2153-3" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/business-law" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Business Law</a></li><li id="menu-2156-3" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/constitutional-law" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Constitutional Law</a></li><li id="menu-4522-3" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/criminal-law" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Criminal Law</a></li><li id="menu-2159-3" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/environmental-law" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Environmental Law</a></li><li id="menu-2162-3" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/health-law-and-policy" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Health Law and Policy</a></li><li id="menu-5143-3" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/innovation-law" title="Innovation Law focus area" class="sf-depth-2">Innovation Law</a></li><li id="menu-2165-3" class="middle odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/international-law-and-policy" title="" class="sf-depth-2">International Law and Policy</a></li><li id="menu-5732-3" class="middle even sf-item-10 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/law-and-economics" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Law and Economics</a></li><li id="menu-6383-3" class="middle odd sf-item-11 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/law-and-history" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Law and History</a></li><li id="menu-2168-3" class="middle even sf-item-12 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/law-and-literature" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Law and Literature</a></li><li id="menu-2171-3" class="middle odd sf-item-13 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/law-and-philosophy" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Law and Philosophy</a></li><li id="menu-2174-3" class="middle even sf-item-14 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/public-interest-and-diversity" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Public Interest and Diversity</a></li><li id="menu-2177-3" class="last odd sf-item-15 sf-depth-2"><a href="/focus-area/women-law-and-social-change" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Women in Law and Social Change</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /#footer-top --> <div id="footer-bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="region region-footer-bottom"> <div id="block-menu-block-8" class="block block-menu-block clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-8 menu-name-menu-footer-utility parent-mlid-0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-2128"><a href="/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-5578"><a href="/privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2129"><a href="/about/contact-us" title="">Contact the Faculty</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-2130"><a href="/comments-or-questions">Comments or Questions?</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div id="block-block-3" class="block block-block"> <h2>University of Toronto Faculty of Law</h2> <div class="content"> <p>78 Queen's Park ( <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/about/contact-us"><span style="color: #ffffff;">View Map</span></a></span> )<br />Toronto, ON M5S 2C5<br />Tel: 416-978-0210&nbsp;</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /#footer-bottom --> </div> </div></div> <!-- /#page, /#page-wrapper --> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-fe3d812bd3551e468d3","applicationID":"540571234","transactionName":"ZVxVZ0YCCBVSWhIPC1wWYkFdTEkPXV0DHkpCUUc=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":650,"atts":"SRtWEQ4YGxs=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10