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MathML 附加符号 - MathML | MDN
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class="button action backdrop" aria-label="Collapse sidebar"><span class="button-wrap"></span></button><nav aria-label="Related Topics" class="sidebar-inner"><header class="sidebar-actions"><section class="sidebar-filter-container"><div class="sidebar-filter "><label id="sidebar-filter-label" class="sidebar-filter-label" for="sidebar-filter-input"><span class="icon icon-filter"></span><span class="visually-hidden">Filter sidebar</span></label><input id="sidebar-filter-input" autoComplete="off" class="sidebar-filter-input-field false" type="text" placeholder="Filter" value=""/><button type="button" class="button action has-icon clear-sidebar-filter-button"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-cancel "></span><span class="visually-hidden">Clear filter input</span></span></button></div></section></header><div class="sidebar-inner-nav"><div class="in-nav-toc"><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">在本文中</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#下标和上标">下标和上标</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#正下标和正上标">正下标和正上标</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#其他运算符属性">其他运算符属性</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#总结">总结</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#参见">参见</a></li></ul></section></div></div><div class="sidebar-body"><ol><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML">MathML</a></li><li class="toggle"><ol><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides">Beginner's tutorials</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Getting_started">MathML 使用入门</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Text_containers">MathML 文本容器</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Fractions_and_roots">MathML 分数和根号</a></li><li><em><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts" aria-current="page">MathML 附加符号</a></em></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Tables">MathML 表格</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Three_famous_mathematical_formulas">三个著名的数学公式</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary>指南</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Authoring">编写 MathML</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Fonts">用于 MathML 的字体</a></li></ol></details></li></ol></li><li class="section">参考</li><li class="toggle"><details><summary>元素</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/MathML/Element/annotation-xml" class="only-in-en-us"><code><annotation-xml></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/MathML/Element/annotation" class="only-in-en-us"><code><annotation></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/maction"><code><maction></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="已弃用。请不要在新的网站中使用。"> <span class="visually-hidden">已弃用</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/math"><code><math></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/menclose"><code><menclose></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="非标准。请在使用前检查跨浏览器支持。"> <span class="visually-hidden">非标准</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/merror"><code><merror></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mfenced"><code><mfenced></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="非标准。请在使用前检查跨浏览器支持。"> <span class="visually-hidden">非标准</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="已弃用。请不要在新的网站中使用。"> <span class="visually-hidden">已弃用</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mfrac"><code><mfrac></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mi"><code><mi></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mmultiscripts"><code><mmultiscripts></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mn"><code><mn></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mo"><code><mo></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mover"><code><mover></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mpadded"><code><mpadded></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mphantom"><code><mphantom></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mprescripts" class="only-in-en-us"><code><mprescripts></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mroot"><code><mroot></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mrow"><code><mrow></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/ms"><code><ms></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mspace"><code><mspace></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msqrt"><code><msqrt></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mstyle"><code><mstyle></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msub"><code><msub></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msubsup"><code><msubsup></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msup"><code><msup></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mtable"><code><mtable></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mtd"><code><mtd></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mtext"><code><mtext></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mtr"><code><mtr></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/munder"><code><munder></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/munderover"><code><munderover></code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/semantics"><code><semantics></code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary>全局属性</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/dir"><code>dir</code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/displaystyle"><code>displaystyle</code></a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/href"><code>href</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="非标准。请在使用前检查跨浏览器支持。"> <span class="visually-hidden">非标准</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/mathbackground"><code>mathbackground</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="已弃用。请不要在新的网站中使用。"> <span class="visually-hidden">已弃用</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/mathcolor"><code>mathcolor</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="已弃用。请不要在新的网站中使用。"> <span class="visually-hidden">已弃用</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/mathsize"><code>mathsize</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="已弃用。请不要在新的网站中使用。"> <span class="visually-hidden">已弃用</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/scriptlevel"><code>scriptlevel</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Attribute">属性</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Values">MathML 属性值</a></li><li class="section">示例</li><li class="toggle"><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Examples/Deriving_the_Quadratic_Formula">推导二次方程求根公式</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Examples/MathML_Pythagorean_Theorem">证明勾股定理</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><section class="place side"></section></nav></aside><div class="toc-container"><aside class="toc"><nav><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">在本文中</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#下标和上标">下标和上标</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#正下标和正上标">正下标和正上标</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#其他运算符属性">其他运算符属性</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#总结">总结</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#参见">参见</a></li></ul></section></div></nav></aside><section class="place side"></section></div></div><main id="content" class="main-content "><article class="main-page-content" lang="zh-CN"><header><h1>MathML 附加符号</h1></header><div class="section-content"><ul class="prev-next"><li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Fractions_and_roots"><span class="button-wrap"> 上一页 </span></a></li><li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides"><span class="button-wrap"> 概述：MathML 入门概述</span></a></li><li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Tables"><span class="button-wrap"> 下一页 </span></a></li></ul> <p>我们继续回顾基本数学符号，并重点介绍如何使用附加符号构建 MathML 元素。</p> <figure class="table-container"><table> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">前提：</th> <td> 基本的计算机操作能力、<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software">安装基本软件</a>、<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files">处理文件</a>的基本知识，以及 HTML 基础知识（可以学习 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content">HTML 入门</a>。） </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">目标：</th> <td> 熟悉基本的 MathML 上下标元素。 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></figure></div><section aria-labelledby="下标和上标"><h2 id="下标和上标"><a href="#下标和上标">下标和上标</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>类似于我们在<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Fractions_and_roots">上一篇文章</a>中所学习的，<code><msub></code>、<code><msup></code> 和 <code><msubsup></code> 具有特殊的结构，它们恰好有两个元素（<code><msub></code>、<code><msup></code>）或三个元素（<code><msubsup></code>）：</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><p> msub: <math> <msub> <mtext>child1</mtext> <mtext>child2</mtext> </msub> </math> </p> <p> msup: <math> <msup> <mtext>child1</mtext> <mtext>child2</mtext> </msup> </math> </p> <p> msubsup: <math> <msubsup> <mtext>child1</mtext> <mtext>child2</mtext> <mtext>child3</mtext> </msubsup> </math> </p> </code></pre></div> <p>以下是在你的浏览器中的上述示例的渲染结果。</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="下标和上标 sample" id="frame_下标和上标" width="700" height="200" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts/" data-live-id="下标和上标" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>可以看出：</p> <ul> <li><code><msub></code> 元素的第二个子元素作为其第一个子元素的下标附加。</li> <li><code><msup></code> 元素的第二个子元素作为其第一个子元素的上标附加。</li> <li><code><msubsup></code> 元素的第二个和第三个子元素分别作为其第一个子元素的下标和上标附加。</li> <li>上下标内的文本会缩小显示。</li> </ul> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>备注：</strong> MathML 元素 <code><msub></code> 和 <code><msup></code> 与 HTML 元素 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/sub"><code><sub></code></a> 和 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/sup"><code><sup></code></a> 不同。它们允许开发者将任意的 MathML 子树作为附加符号，而不仅仅是文本。</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="正下标和正上标"><h2 id="正下标和正上标"><a href="#正下标和正上标">正下标和正上标</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p><code><munder></code>、<code><mover></code> 和 <code><munderover></code> 元素与之前介绍的元素非常相似，只是它们用于附加正下标（underscript）和正上标（overscirpt）。我们不会提供详细信息，而是让你自己通过以下练习来了解它们的定义。</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="主动学习：识别正下标和正上标"><h3 id="主动学习：识别正下标和正上标"><a href="#主动学习：识别正下标和正上标">主动学习：识别正下标和正上标</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>在下面的示例中，试着猜测神秘元素的名称（用问号表示），然后点击按钮来显示答案：</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden notranslate"><code><p> <code>&lt;<span>????????</span>&gt;</code> 元素正好具有两个子元素（child1、child2）： <math> <mover> <mtext>child1</mtext> <mtext>child2</mtext> </mover> </math> </p> <p> <code>&lt;<span>????????</span>&gt;</code> 元素正好具有三个子元素（child1、child2 以及 child3）： <math> <munderover> <mtext>child1</mtext> <mtext>child2</mtext> <mtext>child3</mtext> </munderover> </math> </p> <p> <code>&lt;<span>????????</span>&gt;</code> 元素正好具有两个子元素（child1、child2）： <math> <munder> <mtext>child1</mtext> <mtext>child2</mtext> </munder> </math> </p> <p><input type="button" id="showSolution" value="展示结果" /></p> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden notranslate"><code>p { padding: 0.5em; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: js hidden notranslate"><code>document.getElementById("showSolution").addEventListener("click", () => { const maths = Array.from(document.getElementsByTagName("math")); Array.from(document.getElementsByTagName("span")).forEach((span, index) => { span.textContent = maths[index].firstElementChild.tagName; }); }); </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="主动学习：识别正下标和正上标 sample" id="frame_主动学习：识别正下标和正上标" width="700" height="400" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts/" data-live-id="主动学习：识别正下标和正上标" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="主动学习：识别附加符号元素"><h3 id="主动学习：识别附加符号元素"><a href="#主动学习：识别附加符号元素">主动学习：识别附加符号元素</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>以下的 MathML 公式包含了更复杂的表达式，嵌套了分数、根号和附加符号元素。尝试猜测使用了 <code><msub></code>、<code><msup></code>、<code><msubsup></code>、<code><munder></code>、<code><mover></code>、<code><munderover></code> 的元素。每次当你点击这样的元素时，它会被突出显示，并显示确认信息。最后，阅读 MathML 源代码以验证是否与你的预期相符。</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden notranslate"><code><!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>带有附加符号元素的页面</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fred-wang.github.io/MathFonts/LatinModern/mathfonts.css" /> </head> <body> <math display="block"> <mroot> <mrow> <munder> <mi>β</mi> <mo>⎵</mo> </munder> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mroot> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow ><mo>|</mo> <mover> <mi>α</mi> <mo>→</mo> </mover> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>−</mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msqrt> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mi>K</mi> <mn>0</mn> <mi>i</mi> </msubsup> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </math> <input type="button" id="clearOutput" value="重置" /> <div id="output"></div> </body> </html> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden notranslate"><code>.highlight { color: red; } math { font-size: 200%; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: js hidden notranslate"><code>const scriptedElements = Array.from( document.querySelectorAll("msub, msup, msubsup, munder, mover, munderover"), ); const outputDiv = document.getElementById("output"); function clearHighlight() { scriptedElements.forEach((scripted) => { scripted.classList.remove("highlight"); }); } scriptedElements.forEach((scripted) => { scripted.addEventListener("click", () => { clearHighlight(); scripted.classList.add("highlight"); outputDiv.insertAdjacentHTML( "beforeend", `<p><strong>你点击了 <code>&lt;${scripted.tagName}&gt;</code> 元素。</strong></p>`, ); }); }); document.getElementById("clearOutput").addEventListener("click", () => { clearHighlight(); outputDiv.innerHTML = ""; }); </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="主动学习：识别附加符号元素 sample" id="frame_主动学习：识别附加符号元素" width="700" height="400" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts/" data-live-id="主动学习：识别附加符号元素" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="其他运算符属性"><h2 id="其他运算符属性"><a href="#其他运算符属性">其他运算符属性</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>我们之前已经了解了 <code><mo></code> 元素的一些<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Text_containers#mo_的运算符属性">属性</a>，包括在垂直方向上的拉伸和间距。现在有了附加符号元素，我们可以扩展该列表。我们将通过修改我们的<a href="#主动学习：识别附加符号元素">上一个示例</a>来实现这一点。</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="在水平方向上的拉伸"><h3 id="在水平方向上的拉伸"><a href="#在水平方向上的拉伸">在水平方向上的拉伸</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>首先，让我们进行以下替换：<math> <mi>β</mi> <mo>≔</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math> 和 <math> <mi>α</mi> <mo>≔</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math>：</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden notranslate"><code><!doctype html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>带有水平拉伸操作符的页面</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fred-wang.github.io/MathFonts/LatinModern/mathfonts.css" /> </head> <body> <math display="block"> <mroot> <mrow> <munder> <mrow> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo>⎵</mo> </munder> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mroot> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow ><mo>|</mo> <mover> <mrow> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo>→</mo> </mover> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>−</mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msqrt> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mi>K</mi> <mn>0</mn> <mi>i</mi> </msubsup> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </math> </body> </html> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden notranslate"><code>.highlight { color: red; } math { font-size: 200%; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="在水平方向上的拉伸 sample" id="frame_在水平方向上的拉伸" width="700" height="200" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts/" data-live-id="在水平方向上的拉伸" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>可以看出底部括号“⎵”和右箭头“→”在水平方向上会延伸以覆盖被替代值的宽度。回想一下，<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Text_containers#主动学习：可伸缩运算符">一些竖直运算符可以伸展</a>，以覆盖 <code><mrow></code> 中非伸展兄弟节点的高度。类似地，一些水平运算符可以伸展以覆盖 <code><munder></code>、<code><mover></code> 或 <code><munderover></code> 元素中非伸展兄弟节点的宽度。</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>备注：</strong> 伸展适用于 <code><munder></code>、<code><mover></code> 或 <code><munderover></code> 元素的任何子元素，不仅仅是正下标或正上标。</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="大型运算符和极限"><h3 id="大型运算符和极限"><a href="#大型运算符和极限">大型运算符和极限</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>到目前为止，我们的示例实际上是使用 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Getting_started#display_属性"><code>display="block"</code></a> 属性呈现的。让我们看一下同一个示例，在没有该属性的情况下渲染的效果：</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden notranslate"><code><!doctype html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>极限符号被挪动并且大型运算符变小的页面</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fred-wang.github.io/MathFonts/LatinModern/mathfonts.css" /> </head> <body> <math> <mroot> <mrow> <munder> <mrow> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo>⎵</mo> </munder> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mroot> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow ><mo>|</mo> <mover> <mrow> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo>→</mo> </mover> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>−</mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msqrt> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mi>K</mi> <mn>0</mn> <mi>i</mi> </msubsup> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </math> </body> </html> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden notranslate"><code>.highlight { color: red; } math { font-size: 200%; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="大型运算符和极限 sample" id="frame_大型运算符和极限" width="700" height="200" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts/" data-live-id="大型运算符和极限" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>不出所料，公式不再居中，渲染方式发生变动，导致高度最小化。注意求和符号，可以看到求和符号变小了，并且 <code><munderover></code> 元素的附加符号现在以下标和上标的方式附加在其上！这是由于“∑”运算符的两个属性：</p> <ul> <li><em>largeop</em>：如果 <code><math></code> 标签具有 <code>display="block"</code> 属性，则使用更大的字形绘制运算符。</li> <li><em>movablelimits</em>：如果 <code><math></code> 标签没有 <code>display="block"</code> 属性，则将附加在运算符上的正下标和正上标分别渲染为下标和上标。</li> </ul> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>备注：</strong> <em>largeop</em> 属性实际上与附加符号无关，尽管具有此属性的运算符通常会有附加符号。<em>movablelimits</em> 属性也适用于 <code><munder></code> 和 <code><mover></code> 元素。</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="总结"><h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结">总结</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>在本文中，我们完成了对引入下标、上标、正下标和正上标的基本布局元素 <code><msub></code>、<code><msup></code>、<code><msubsup></code>、<code><munder></code>、<code><mover></code> 以及 <code><munderover></code> 的介绍。在介绍这些元素的过程中，我们顺便介绍了 <code><mo></code> 元素的新属性。在下一篇文章中，我们将继续关注<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Tables">表格布局</a>。</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="参见"><h2 id="参见"><a href="#参见">参见</a></h2><div class="section-content"><ul> <li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msub"><msub> 元素</msub></a></li> <li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msup"><msup> 元素</msup></a></li> <li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msubsup"><msubsup> 元素</msubsup></a></li> <li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/munder"><munder> 元素</munder></a></li> <li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mover"><mover> 元素</mover></a></li> <li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/munderover"><munderover> 元素</munderover></a></li> </ul> <ul class="prev-next"><li><a 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noreferrer">Website Privacy Notice</a></li><li class="footer-moz-item"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/privacy/websites/#cookies" class="footer-moz-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cookies</a></li><li class="footer-moz-item"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/about/legal/terms/mozilla" class="footer-moz-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Legal</a></li><li class="footer-moz-item"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/about/governance/policies/participation/" class="footer-moz-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Community Participation Guidelines</a></li></ul></div><div class="page-footer-legal"><p id="license" class="page-footer-legal-text">Visit<!-- --> <a href="https://www.mozilla.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mozilla Corporation’s</a> <!-- -->not-for-profit parent, the<!-- --> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://foundation.mozilla.org/">Mozilla Foundation</a>.<br/>Portions of this content are ©1998–<!-- -->2025<!-- --> by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under<!-- --> <a href="/zh-CN/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Attrib_copyright_license">a Creative Commons license</a>.</p></div></div></footer></div><script type="application/json" id="hydration">{"url":"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts","doc":{"body":[{"type":"prose","value":{"id":null,"title":null,"isH3":false,"content":"<ul class=\"prev-next\"><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Fractions_and_roots\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 上一页 </span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 概述：MathML 入门概述</span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Tables\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 下一页 </span></a></li></ul>\n<p>我们继续回顾基本数学符号，并重点介绍如何使用附加符号构建 MathML 元素。</p>\n<figure class=\"table-container\"><table>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">前提：</th>\n <td>\n 基本的计算机操作能力、<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software\">安装基本软件</a>、<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files\">处理文件</a>的基本知识，以及\n HTML 基础知识（可以学习 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content\">HTML 入门</a>。）\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">目标：</th>\n <td>\n 熟悉基本的 MathML 上下标元素。\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n</table></figure>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"下标和上标","title":"下标和上标","isH3":false,"content":"<p>类似于我们在<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Fractions_and_roots\">上一篇文章</a>中所学习的，<code><msub></code>、<code><msup></code> 和 <code><msubsup></code> 具有特殊的结构，它们恰好有两个元素（<code><msub></code>、<code><msup></code>）或三个元素（<code><msubsup></code>）：</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><p>\n msub:\n <math>\n <msub>\n <mtext>child1</mtext>\n <mtext>child2</mtext>\n </msub>\n </math>\n</p>\n\n<p>\n msup:\n <math>\n <msup>\n <mtext>child1</mtext>\n <mtext>child2</mtext>\n </msup>\n </math>\n</p>\n<p>\n msubsup:\n <math>\n <msubsup>\n <mtext>child1</mtext>\n <mtext>child2</mtext>\n <mtext>child3</mtext>\n </msubsup>\n </math>\n</p>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>以下是在你的浏览器中的上述示例的渲染结果。</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"下标和上标 sample\" id=\"frame_下标和上标\" width=\"700\" height=\"200\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts/\" data-live-id=\"下标和上标\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>可以看出：</p>\n<ul>\n<li><code><msub></code> 元素的第二个子元素作为其第一个子元素的下标附加。</li>\n<li><code><msup></code> 元素的第二个子元素作为其第一个子元素的上标附加。</li>\n<li><code><msubsup></code> 元素的第二个和第三个子元素分别作为其第一个子元素的下标和上标附加。</li>\n<li>上下标内的文本会缩小显示。</li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>备注：</strong>\nMathML 元素 <code><msub></code> 和 <code><msup></code> 与 HTML 元素 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/sub\"><code><sub></code></a> 和 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/sup\"><code><sup></code></a> 不同。它们允许开发者将任意的 MathML 子树作为附加符号，而不仅仅是文本。</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"正下标和正上标","title":"正下标和正上标","isH3":false,"content":"<p><code><munder></code>、<code><mover></code> 和 <code><munderover></code> 元素与之前介绍的元素非常相似，只是它们用于附加正下标（underscript）和正上标（overscirpt）。我们不会提供详细信息，而是让你自己通过以下练习来了解它们的定义。</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"主动学习：识别正下标和正上标","title":"主动学习：识别正下标和正上标","isH3":true,"content":"<p>在下面的示例中，试着猜测神秘元素的名称（用问号表示），然后点击按钮来显示答案：</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden notranslate\"><code><p>\n <code>&lt;<span>????????</span>&gt;</code>\n 元素正好具有两个子元素（child1、child2）：\n <math>\n <mover>\n <mtext>child1</mtext>\n <mtext>child2</mtext>\n </mover>\n </math>\n</p>\n<p>\n <code>&lt;<span>????????</span>&gt;</code>\n 元素正好具有三个子元素（child1、child2 以及 child3）：\n <math>\n <munderover>\n <mtext>child1</mtext>\n <mtext>child2</mtext>\n <mtext>child3</mtext>\n </munderover>\n </math>\n</p>\n<p>\n <code>&lt;<span>????????</span>&gt;</code>\n 元素正好具有两个子元素（child1、child2）：\n <math>\n <munder>\n <mtext>child1</mtext>\n <mtext>child2</mtext>\n </munder>\n </math>\n</p>\n\n<p><input type=\"button\" id=\"showSolution\" value=\"展示结果\" /></p>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden notranslate\"><code>p {\n padding: 0.5em;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: js hidden notranslate\"><code>document.getElementById(\"showSolution\").addEventListener(\"click\", () => {\n const maths = Array.from(document.getElementsByTagName(\"math\"));\n Array.from(document.getElementsByTagName(\"span\")).forEach((span, index) => {\n span.textContent = maths[index].firstElementChild.tagName;\n });\n});\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"主动学习：识别正下标和正上标 sample\" id=\"frame_主动学习：识别正下标和正上标\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts/\" data-live-id=\"主动学习：识别正下标和正上标\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"主动学习：识别附加符号元素","title":"主动学习：识别附加符号元素","isH3":true,"content":"<p>以下的 MathML 公式包含了更复杂的表达式，嵌套了分数、根号和附加符号元素。尝试猜测使用了 <code><msub></code>、<code><msup></code>、<code><msubsup></code>、<code><munder></code>、<code><mover></code>、<code><munderover></code> 的元素。每次当你点击这样的元素时，它会被突出显示，并显示确认信息。最后，阅读 MathML 源代码以验证是否与你的预期相符。</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden notranslate\"><code><!doctype html>\n<html lang=\"en-US\">\n <head>\n <meta charset=\"utf-8\" />\n <title>带有附加符号元素的页面</title>\n <link\n rel=\"stylesheet\"\n href=\"https://fred-wang.github.io/MathFonts/LatinModern/mathfonts.css\" />\n </head>\n <body>\n <math display=\"block\">\n <mroot>\n <mrow>\n <munder>\n <mi>β</mi>\n <mo>⎵</mo>\n </munder>\n </mrow>\n <mn>3</mn>\n </mroot>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <mfrac>\n <mrow\n ><mo>|</mo>\n <mover>\n <mi>α</mi>\n <mo>→</mo>\n </mover>\n <mo>|</mo>\n </mrow>\n <msup>\n <mi>s</mi>\n <mn>3</mn>\n </msup>\n </mfrac>\n <mo>−</mo>\n <mrow>\n <munderover>\n <mo>∑</mo>\n <mrow>\n <mi>i</mi>\n <mo>=</mo>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </munderover>\n <msqrt>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mi>i</mi>\n </msub>\n <mo>−</mo>\n <msubsup>\n <mi>K</mi>\n <mn>0</mn>\n <mi>i</mi>\n </msubsup>\n </mrow>\n </msqrt>\n </mrow>\n </math>\n <input type=\"button\" id=\"clearOutput\" value=\"重置\" />\n <div id=\"output\"></div>\n </body>\n</html>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden notranslate\"><code>.highlight {\n color: red;\n}\nmath {\n font-size: 200%;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: js hidden notranslate\"><code>const scriptedElements = Array.from(\n document.querySelectorAll(\"msub, msup, msubsup, munder, mover, munderover\"),\n);\nconst outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"output\");\nfunction clearHighlight() {\n scriptedElements.forEach((scripted) => {\n scripted.classList.remove(\"highlight\");\n });\n}\nscriptedElements.forEach((scripted) => {\n scripted.addEventListener(\"click\", () => {\n clearHighlight();\n scripted.classList.add(\"highlight\");\n outputDiv.insertAdjacentHTML(\n \"beforeend\",\n `<p><strong>你点击了 <code>&lt;${scripted.tagName}&gt;</code> 元素。</strong></p>`,\n );\n });\n});\ndocument.getElementById(\"clearOutput\").addEventListener(\"click\", () => {\n clearHighlight();\n outputDiv.innerHTML = \"\";\n});\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"主动学习：识别附加符号元素 sample\" id=\"frame_主动学习：识别附加符号元素\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts/\" data-live-id=\"主动学习：识别附加符号元素\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"其他运算符属性","title":"其他运算符属性","isH3":false,"content":"<p>我们之前已经了解了 <code><mo></code> 元素的一些<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Text_containers#mo_的运算符属性\">属性</a>，包括在垂直方向上的拉伸和间距。现在有了附加符号元素，我们可以扩展该列表。我们将通过修改我们的<a href=\"#主动学习：识别附加符号元素\">上一个示例</a>来实现这一点。</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"在水平方向上的拉伸","title":"在水平方向上的拉伸","isH3":true,"content":"<p>首先，让我们进行以下替换：<math> <mi>β</mi> <mo>≔</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math> 和 <math> <mi>α</mi> <mo>≔</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math>：</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden notranslate\"><code><!doctype html>\n<html lang=\"zh-CN\">\n <head>\n <meta charset=\"utf-8\" />\n <title>带有水平拉伸操作符的页面</title>\n <link\n rel=\"stylesheet\"\n href=\"https://fred-wang.github.io/MathFonts/LatinModern/mathfonts.css\" />\n </head>\n <body>\n <math display=\"block\">\n <mroot>\n <mrow>\n <munder>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>z</mi>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </msub>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <msub>\n <mi>z</mi>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <mo>⎵</mo>\n </munder>\n </mrow>\n <mn>3</mn>\n </mroot>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <mfrac>\n <mrow\n ><mo>|</mo>\n <mover>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>v</mi>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </msub>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <msub>\n <mi>v</mi>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <mo>→</mo>\n </mover>\n <mo>|</mo>\n </mrow>\n <msup>\n <mi>s</mi>\n <mn>3</mn>\n </msup>\n </mfrac>\n <mo>−</mo>\n <mrow>\n <munderover>\n <mo>∑</mo>\n <mrow>\n <mi>i</mi>\n <mo>=</mo>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </munderover>\n <msqrt>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mi>i</mi>\n </msub>\n <mo>−</mo>\n <msubsup>\n <mi>K</mi>\n <mn>0</mn>\n <mi>i</mi>\n </msubsup>\n </mrow>\n </msqrt>\n </mrow>\n </math>\n </body>\n</html>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden notranslate\"><code>.highlight {\n color: red;\n}\nmath {\n font-size: 200%;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"在水平方向上的拉伸 sample\" id=\"frame_在水平方向上的拉伸\" width=\"700\" height=\"200\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts/\" data-live-id=\"在水平方向上的拉伸\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>可以看出底部括号“⎵”和右箭头“→”在水平方向上会延伸以覆盖被替代值的宽度。回想一下，<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Text_containers#主动学习：可伸缩运算符\">一些竖直运算符可以伸展</a>，以覆盖 <code><mrow></code> 中非伸展兄弟节点的高度。类似地，一些水平运算符可以伸展以覆盖 <code><munder></code>、<code><mover></code> 或 <code><munderover></code> 元素中非伸展兄弟节点的宽度。</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>备注：</strong>\n伸展适用于 <code><munder></code>、<code><mover></code> 或 <code><munderover></code> 元素的任何子元素，不仅仅是正下标或正上标。</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"大型运算符和极限","title":"大型运算符和极限","isH3":true,"content":"<p>到目前为止，我们的示例实际上是使用 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Getting_started#display_属性\"><code>display=\"block\"</code></a> 属性呈现的。让我们看一下同一个示例，在没有该属性的情况下渲染的效果：</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden notranslate\"><code><!doctype html>\n<html lang=\"zh-CN\">\n <head>\n <meta charset=\"utf-8\" />\n <title>极限符号被挪动并且大型运算符变小的页面</title>\n <link\n rel=\"stylesheet\"\n href=\"https://fred-wang.github.io/MathFonts/LatinModern/mathfonts.css\" />\n </head>\n <body>\n <math>\n <mroot>\n <mrow>\n <munder>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>z</mi>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </msub>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <msub>\n <mi>z</mi>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <mo>⎵</mo>\n </munder>\n </mrow>\n <mn>3</mn>\n </mroot>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <mfrac>\n <mrow\n ><mo>|</mo>\n <mover>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>v</mi>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </msub>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <msub>\n <mi>v</mi>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <mo>→</mo>\n </mover>\n <mo>|</mo>\n </mrow>\n <msup>\n <mi>s</mi>\n <mn>3</mn>\n </msup>\n </mfrac>\n <mo>−</mo>\n <mrow>\n <munderover>\n <mo>∑</mo>\n <mrow>\n <mi>i</mi>\n <mo>=</mo>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </munderover>\n <msqrt>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mi>i</mi>\n </msub>\n <mo>−</mo>\n <msubsup>\n <mi>K</mi>\n <mn>0</mn>\n <mi>i</mi>\n </msubsup>\n </mrow>\n </msqrt>\n </mrow>\n </math>\n </body>\n</html>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden notranslate\"><code>.highlight {\n color: red;\n}\nmath {\n font-size: 200%;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"大型运算符和极限 sample\" id=\"frame_大型运算符和极限\" width=\"700\" height=\"200\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts/\" data-live-id=\"大型运算符和极限\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>不出所料，公式不再居中，渲染方式发生变动，导致高度最小化。注意求和符号，可以看到求和符号变小了，并且 <code><munderover></code> 元素的附加符号现在以下标和上标的方式附加在其上！这是由于“∑”运算符的两个属性：</p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>largeop</em>：如果 <code><math></code> 标签具有 <code>display=\"block\"</code> 属性，则使用更大的字形绘制运算符。</li>\n<li><em>movablelimits</em>：如果 <code><math></code> 标签没有 <code>display=\"block\"</code> 属性，则将附加在运算符上的正下标和正上标分别渲染为下标和上标。</li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>备注：</strong> <em>largeop</em> 属性实际上与附加符号无关，尽管具有此属性的运算符通常会有附加符号。<em>movablelimits</em> 属性也适用于 <code><munder></code> 和 <code><mover></code> 元素。</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"总结","title":"总结","isH3":false,"content":"<p>在本文中，我们完成了对引入下标、上标、正下标和正上标的基本布局元素 <code><msub></code>、<code><msup></code>、<code><msubsup></code>、<code><munder></code>、<code><mover></code> 以及 <code><munderover></code> 的介绍。在介绍这些元素的过程中，我们顺便介绍了 <code><mo></code> 元素的新属性。在下一篇文章中，我们将继续关注<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Tables\">表格布局</a>。</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"参见","title":"参见","isH3":false,"content":"<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msub\"><msub> 元素</msub></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msup\"><msup> 元素</msup></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msubsup\"><msubsup> 元素</msubsup></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/munder\"><munder> 元素</munder></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mover\"><mover> 元素</mover></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/munderover\"><munderover> 元素</munderover></a></li>\n</ul>\n<ul class=\"prev-next\"><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Fractions_and_roots\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 上一页 </span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 概述：MathML 入门概述</span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Tables\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 下一页 </span></a></li></ul>"}}],"isActive":true,"isMarkdown":true,"isTranslated":true,"locale":"zh-CN","mdn_url":"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts","modified":"2024-12-21T13:03:41.000Z","native":"中文 (简体)","noIndexing":false,"other_translations":[{"locale":"en-US","title":"MathML scripted elements","native":"English (US)"},{"locale":"de","title":"Skriptelemente in MathML","native":"Deutsch"},{"locale":"ja","title":"MathML 添字要素","native":"日本語"}],"pageTitle":"MathML 附加符号 - MathML | MDN","parents":[{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Web","title":"面向开发者的 Web 技术"},{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML","title":"MathML"},{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides","title":"MathML 入门概述"},{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts","title":"MathML 附加符号"}],"popularity":null,"short_title":"MathML 附加符号","sidebarHTML":"<ol><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML\">MathML</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><ol><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides\">Beginner's tutorials</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Getting_started\">MathML 使用入门</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Text_containers\">MathML 文本容器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Fractions_and_roots\">MathML 分数和根号</a></li><li><em><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Scripts\" aria-current=\"page\">MathML 附加符号</a></em></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Tables\">MathML 表格</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Guides/Three_famous_mathematical_formulas\">三个著名的数学公式</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>指南</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Authoring\">编写 MathML</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Fonts\">用于 MathML 的字体</a></li></ol></details></li></ol></li><li class=\"section\">参考</li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>元素</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/MathML/Element/annotation-xml\" class=\"only-in-en-us\"><code><annotation-xml></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/MathML/Element/annotation\" class=\"only-in-en-us\"><code><annotation></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/maction\"><code><maction></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"已弃用。请不要在新的网站中使用。\">\n<span class=\"visually-hidden\">已弃用</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/math\"><code><math></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/menclose\"><code><menclose></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"非标准。请在使用前检查跨浏览器支持。\">\n<span class=\"visually-hidden\">非标准</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/merror\"><code><merror></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mfenced\"><code><mfenced></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"非标准。请在使用前检查跨浏览器支持。\">\n<span class=\"visually-hidden\">非标准</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"已弃用。请不要在新的网站中使用。\">\n<span class=\"visually-hidden\">已弃用</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mfrac\"><code><mfrac></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mi\"><code><mi></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mmultiscripts\"><code><mmultiscripts></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mn\"><code><mn></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mo\"><code><mo></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mover\"><code><mover></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mpadded\"><code><mpadded></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mphantom\"><code><mphantom></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mprescripts\" class=\"only-in-en-us\"><code><mprescripts></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mroot\"><code><mroot></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mrow\"><code><mrow></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/ms\"><code><ms></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mspace\"><code><mspace></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msqrt\"><code><msqrt></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mstyle\"><code><mstyle></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msub\"><code><msub></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msubsup\"><code><msubsup></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/msup\"><code><msup></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mtable\"><code><mtable></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mtd\"><code><mtd></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mtext\"><code><mtext></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/mtr\"><code><mtr></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/munder\"><code><munder></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/munderover\"><code><munderover></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Element/semantics\"><code><semantics></code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>全局属性</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/dir\"><code>dir</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/displaystyle\"><code>displaystyle</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/href\"><code>href</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"非标准。请在使用前检查跨浏览器支持。\">\n<span class=\"visually-hidden\">非标准</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/mathbackground\"><code>mathbackground</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"已弃用。请不要在新的网站中使用。\">\n<span class=\"visually-hidden\">已弃用</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/mathcolor\"><code>mathcolor</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"已弃用。请不要在新的网站中使用。\">\n<span class=\"visually-hidden\">已弃用</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/mathsize\"><code>mathsize</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"已弃用。请不要在新的网站中使用。\">\n<span class=\"visually-hidden\">已弃用</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Global_attributes/scriptlevel\"><code>scriptlevel</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Attribute\">属性</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Values\">MathML 属性值</a></li><li class=\"section\">示例</li><li class=\"toggle\"><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Examples/Deriving_the_Quadratic_Formula\">推导二次方程求根公式</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/MathML/Examples/MathML_Pythagorean_Theorem\">证明勾股定理</a></li></ol></li></ol>","source":{"folder":"zh-cn/web/mathml/guides/scripts","github_url":"https://github.com/mdn/translated-content/blob/main/files/zh-cn/web/mathml/guides/scripts/index.md","last_commit_url":"https://github.com/mdn/translated-content/commit/216c73b669a9760f7a444ebfbcb04a68bb3669d9","filename":"index.md"},"summary":"我们继续回顾基本数学符号，并重点介绍如何使用附加符号构建 MathML 元素。","title":"MathML 附加符号","toc":[{"text":"下标和上标","id":"下标和上标"},{"text":"正下标和正上标","id":"正下标和正上标"},{"text":"其他运算符属性","id":"其他运算符属性"},{"text":"总结","id":"总结"},{"text":"参见","id":"参见"}],"pageType":"guide"}}</script></body></html>