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class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Differenza sulle costanti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differenza_sulle_costanti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unità_di_misura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unità_di_misura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Unità di misura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unità_di_misura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sistema CGS</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 54 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS-Einheitensystem" title="CGS-Einheitensystem - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="CGS-Einheitensystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نظام وحدات سنتيمتر غرام ثانية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام وحدات سنتيمتر غرام ثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نظام وحدات سنتميتر غرام ثانية - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نظام وحدات سنتميتر غرام ثانية" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ceguesimal" title="Sistema ceguesimal - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema ceguesimal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQS" title="SQS - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="SQS" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%93%D0%A1" title="СГС - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="СГС" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%93%D0%A1_(%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="СГС (сыстэма адзінак вымярэньня) - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="СГС (сыстэма адзінак вымярэньня)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Система сантиметър-грам-секунда - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Система сантиметър-грам-секунда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="সেন্টিমিটার-গ্রাম-সেকেন্ড পদ্ধতি - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেন্টিমিটার-গ্রাম-সেকেন্ড পদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_CGS" title="Sistema CGS - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema CGS" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soustava_CGS" title="Soustava CGS - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Soustava CGS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%93%D0%A1" title="СГС - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="СГС" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS-Einheitensystem" title="CGS-Einheitensystem - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="CGS-Einheitensystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS" title="CGS - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="CGS" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Cegesimal_de_Unidades" title="Sistema Cegesimal de Unidades - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema Cegesimal de Unidades" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS-s%C3%BCsteem" title="CGS-süsteem - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="CGS-süsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%E2%80%93%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%E2%80%93%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87" title="دستگاه واحدهای سانتیمتر–گرم–ثانیه - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستگاه واحدهای سانتیمتر–گرم–ثانیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cgs-j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Cgs-järjestelmä - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cgs-järjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_CGS" title="Système CGS - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système CGS" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS-s%C3%BCsteem" title="CGS-süsteem - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="CGS-süsteem" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_CGS" title="Sistema CGS - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema CGS" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_cgs" title="יחידות cgs - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יחידות cgs" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="सेंटीमीटर-ग्राम-सैकिण्ड इकाई प्रणाली - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेंटीमीटर-ग्राम-सैकिण्ड इकाई प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS_sustav" title="CGS sustav - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="CGS sustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS-m%C3%A9rt%C3%A9kegys%C3%A9grendszer" title="CGS-mértékegységrendszer - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="CGS-mértékegységrendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_satuan_CGS" title="Sistem satuan CGS - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem satuan CGS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemo_di_CGS" title="Sistemo di CGS - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sistemo di CGS" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS-kerfi" title="CGS-kerfi - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="CGS-kerfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D%E7%B3%BB" title="CGS単位系 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="CGS単位系" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98-%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="სანტიმეტრი-გრამი-წამი ერთეულთა სისტემა - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სანტიმეტრი-გრამი-წამი ერთეულთა სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS_%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84%EA%B3%84" title="CGS 단위계 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="CGS 단위계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%93%D0%A1" title="СГС - karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="СГС" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%93%D0%A1" title="СГС - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="СГС" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC-%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82-%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5" title="സെന്റിമീറ്റർ-ഗ്രാം-സെക്കന്റ് വ്യവസ്ഥ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെന്റിമീറ്റർ-ഗ്രാം-സെക്കന്റ് വ്യവസ്ഥ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cgs-systeem" title="Cgs-systeem - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cgs-systeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS-systemet" title="CGS-systemet - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="CGS-systemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS-systemet" title="CGS-systemet - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="CGS-systemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_CGS" title="Sistèma CGS - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma CGS" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_jednostek_miar_CGS" title="Układ jednostek miar CGS - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ jednostek miar CGS" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_CGS_de_unidades" title="Sistema CGS de unidades - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema CGS de unidades" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemul_de_unit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_CGS_%C3%AEn_electromagnetism" title="Sistemul de unități CGS în electromagnetism - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistemul de unități CGS în electromagnetism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%93%D0%A1" title="СГС - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="СГС" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_CGS" title="Sistema CGS - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sistema CGS" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS_sustav_jedinica" title="CGS sustav jedinica - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="CGS sustav jedinica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAstava_CGS" title="Sústava CGS - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sústava CGS" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_enot_CGS" title="Sistem enot CGS - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sistem enot CGS" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS-systemet" title="CGS-systemet - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="CGS-systemet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E2%80%93%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E2%80%93%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="ระบบเซนติเมตร–กรัม–วินาที - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบเซนติเมตร–กรัม–วินาที" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS_birim_sistemi" title="CGS birim sistemi - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="CGS birim sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%93%D0%A1" title="Система одиниць СГС - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система одиниць СГС" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS" title="CGS - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="CGS" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3-%E5%85%8B-%E7%A7%92%E5%88%B6" title="厘米-克-秒制 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="厘米-克-秒制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26240#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>Il <b>sistema centimetro-grammo-secondo</b> (<b>CGS</b>), o Sistema di Gauss, è un sistema di <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Unità di misura">unità di misura</a>. Si basa sulle seguenti tre unità:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Dimensione </th> <th>Nome dell'unità </th> <th>Definizione </th> <th>Rapporto con le unità <a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Sistema internazionale di unità di misura">SI</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lunghezza" title="Lunghezza">lunghezza</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centimetro" class="mw-redirect" title="Centimetro">centimetro</a></td> <td>1 cm</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−2</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_(fisica)" title="Massa (fisica)">massa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammo" title="Grammo">grammo</a> </td> <td>1 g</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−3</sup> <a href="/wiki/Chilogrammo" title="Chilogrammo">kg</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secondo" title="Secondo">secondo</a></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠"></span>1 <a href="/wiki/Secondo" title="Secondo">s</a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Da queste si derivano le altre:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Dimensione </th> <th>Nome dell'unità </th> <th>Definizione </th> <th>Rapporto con le unità <a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Sistema internazionale di unità di misura">SI</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Accelerazione" title="Accelerazione">accelerazione</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gal" title="Gal">galileo</a></td> <td>1 Gal = 1 cm/s²</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−2</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metro_al_secondo_quadrato" title="Metro al secondo quadrato">m/s²</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Forza_(fisica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forza (fisica)">forza</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dyne" title="Dyne">dyne</a></td> <td>1 dyn = 1 g·cm/s²</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6995100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−5</sup> <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Newton (unità di misura)">N</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erg" title="Erg">erg</a></td> <td>1 erg = 1 g·cm²/s²</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6993100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−7</sup> <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">J</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Potenza_(fisica)" title="Potenza (fisica)">potenza</a> </td> <td>erg al secondo</td> <td>1 erg/s = 1 g·cm²/s³</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6993100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−7</sup> <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">W</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pressione" title="Pressione">pressione</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baria" title="Baria">baria</a></td> <td>1 Ba = 1 dyn/cm² = 1 g/(cm·s²)</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Pascal (unità di misura)">Pa</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viscosit%C3%A0" title="Viscosità">viscosità</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poise" title="Poise">poise</a></td> <td>1 P = 1 g/(cm·s)</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Pascal (unità di misura)">Pa</a></span>·<a href="/wiki/Secondo" title="Secondo">s</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Questo sistema nacque da una proposta del matematico tedesco <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Gauss</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>, e nel <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a> venne ampliato dai fisici inglesi <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomson">Lord Kelvin</a> con l'aggiunta delle unità elettromagnetiche. Teneva conto di alcune primitive considerazioni di <a href="/wiki/Analisi_dimensionale" title="Analisi dimensionale">analisi dimensionale</a>. </p><p>Gli <a href="/wiki/Ordini_di_grandezza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordini di grandezza">ordini di grandezza</a> di molte delle unità CGS crearono molti problemi per l'uso pratico; per questo motivo il sistema CGS non ebbe mai un riconoscimento generale, al di fuori del campo dell'<a href="/wiki/Elettrodinamica" title="Elettrodinamica">elettrodinamica</a>, e fu gradualmente abbandonato negli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1880" title="Anni 1880">anni ottanta del 1800</a> fino alla sua definitiva sostituzione a metà del XX secolo dal più pratico <a href="/wiki/Sistema_MKS" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema MKS">sistema MKS</a> (metro-kilogrammo-secondo), antenato del moderno <a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Sistema internazionale di unità di misura">Sistema internazionale di unità di misura</a> (SI) che ha definito uno standard per tutte le misure. </p><p>Le unità CGS possono essere ancora incontrate nella vecchia letteratura scientifica, specialmente in quella <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">statunitense</a> nei campi dell'<a href="/wiki/Elettrodinamica" title="Elettrodinamica">elettrodinamica</a> e dell'<a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronomia</a>. Le unità di misura SI vennero scelte in modo che le equazioni dell'elettromagnetismo concernenti le sfere contenessero un fattore <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 4\pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 4\pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/057444bf35a0c22b19bcae1ef06e06ecdf8abe56" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.494ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 4\pi }" /></span>, quelle concernenti curve chiuse contenessero un fattore <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/73efd1f6493490b058097060a572606d2c550a06" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.494ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\pi }" /></span> e quelle concernenti curve aperte non avessero fattori proporzionali a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9be4ba0bb8df3af72e90a0535fabcc17431e540a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.332ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi }" /></span>. Questa scelta ha dei vantaggi considerevoli nell'ambito dell'elettromagnetismo mentre, negli ambiti dove la formule concernenti le sfere sono dominanti (ad esempio l'<a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronomia</a>), il sistema CGS risulta più comodo. </p><p>Con l'adozione del Sistema MKS, negli anni quaranta e del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Sistema internazionale di unità di misura">SI</a>, negli anni sessanta, le tecniche utilizzate dal CGS sparirono gradualmente, vincendo le resistenza degli Stati Uniti che furono gli ultimi ad abbandonarle nel mondo occidentale, ed imponendosi anche in Russia dopo la caduta del blocco sovietico. Le unità CGS, oggi, vengono generalmente proibite dalle case editrici di pubblicazioni scientifiche. </p><p>Il centimetro e il grammo rimangono in uso all'interno del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Sistema internazionale di unità di misura">SI</a>, specialmente per le definizioni fisiche e per gli esperimenti chimici, dove sono comode le piccole scale per le unità di misura. In questi usi, vengono generalmente definite come unità "da laboratorio" (LAB units). Comunque, dove sono necessarie le unità derivate, il sistema MKS è generalmente preferito a quello CGS. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unità_elettromagnetiche"><span id="Unit.C3.A0_elettromagnetiche"></span>Unità elettromagnetiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Unità elettromagnetiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Unità elettromagnetiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mentre per molte unità CGS la differenza con le unità <a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Sistema internazionale di unità di misura">SI</a> è soltanto di potenze di 10 (per esempio <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\ {\text{cm}}=10^{-2}\ {\text{m}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>cm</mtext> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\ {\text{cm}}=10^{-2}\ {\text{m}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6898624094a39ab6d5cefecfeaa7e4a6e50cbcea" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:14.984ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\ {\text{cm}}=10^{-2}\ {\text{m}}}" /></span>), le differenze con le unità <a href="/wiki/Elettromagnetismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Elettromagnetismo">elettromagnetiche</a> non sono ugualmente banali, bensì sono così importanti che nelle scritture delle leggi fisiche compaiono costanti diverse; e così spesso si distingue tra "scrittura CGS" e "scrittura "MKSA" delle leggi elettromagnetiche. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differenza_sulla_unità_della_carica"><span id="Differenza_sulla_unit.C3.A0_della_carica"></span>Differenza sulla unità della carica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Differenza sulla unità della carica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Differenza sulla unità della carica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel SI, si dedica una nuova unità di misura, del tutto indipendente, alla carica elettrica: il <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a>. Questo nasce dall'esigenza di rendere intuitive le unità di misura, ed aggiunge una nuova dimensione alle 3 dimensioni già presenti nella dinamica: [ Spazio, Massa, Tempo, Carica ]; ciò di fatto rende fruibile l'analisi dimensionale anche in materia elettromagnetica. Per motivi pratici, in realtà l'unità usata per la definizione non è quella della carica, ma quella dell'intensità di corrente elettrica, l'<a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a>; Infatti, il SI è noto anche come "sistema MKSA", ovvero [ metri, kilogrammi, secondi, ampère ]. </p><p>Nel CGS, invece, le unità di misura rispecchiano non l'intuizione, bensì la pragmaticità della fisica sperimentale: la carica non può venire misurata direttamente, per cui la sua unità di misura deve essere comunque riportata alle unità di misura della cinematica classica, rimanendo così nelle tre dimensioni di [ Spazio, Massa, Tempo ], e lo si fa ponendo a 1 la costante che compare nella <a href="/wiki/Forza_di_Coulomb" title="Forza di Coulomb">Forza di Coulomb</a>. Così, nel CGS l'unità di misura della carica è lo <a href="/wiki/Statcoulomb" title="Statcoulomb">statcoulomb</a>, o franklin, definito come <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{Fr}}={\sqrt {{\text{g}}\ {\text{cm}}^{3}\ {\text{s}}^{-2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Fr</mtext> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>g</mtext> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>cm</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{Fr}}={\sqrt {{\text{g}}\ {\text{cm}}^{3}\ {\text{s}}^{-2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a7bc5aebd79ca4821d51714b3e40683b24dba1f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.671ex; width:17.447ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{Fr}}={\sqrt {{\text{g}}\ {\text{cm}}^{3}\ {\text{s}}^{-2}}}}" /></span>, mentre le unità fondamentali rimangono [ centimetri, grammi, secondi ] come ricordato dal nome.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differenza_sulle_costanti">Differenza sulle costanti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Differenza sulle costanti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Differenza sulle costanti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le costanti di proporzionalità nel sistema CGS semplificano i calcoli nel vuoto. Invece, le costanti di proporzionalità del SI semplificano i calcoli nei materiali, ed esplicitano la misura dell'angolo solido ( 4π ). </p><p>In sostanza, nel CGS si usa solo la costante <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}" /></span>, ossia la <a href="/wiki/Velocit%C3%A0_della_luce" title="Velocità della luce">velocità della luce</a>. Nel SI invece, le costanti sono due: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/acb0a8377db20e42274444cb181d51b5532b5844" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.138ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}}" /></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe2fd9b8decb38a3cd158e7b6c0c6e2d987fefcc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.456ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}" /></span>. Per passare agevolmente da un sistema all'altro, si considerano le costanti di proporzionalità <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/376315fd4983f01dada5ec2f7bebc48455b14a66" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.265ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{1}}" /></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c51b4ba57ee596d8435fc4ed76703ca3a2fc444a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.265ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{2}}" /></span>, definite dalle leggi fondamentali: </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Coulomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Legge di Coulomb">legge di Coulomb</a> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}=k_{1}\,q{\frac {\vec {r}}{r^{3}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}=k_{1}\,q{\frac {\vec {r}}{r^{3}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3f89f9eb5a4f82a4cdc5f6833f0483f59cd2ffed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:11.535ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}=k_{1}\,q{\frac {\vec {r}}{r^{3}}}}" /></span> ,</dd></dl> <p>che descrive l'elettrostatica, o equivalentemente la <a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Gauss" class="mw-redirect" title="Legge di Gauss">legge di Gauss</a> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot {\vec {E}}=k_{1}(4\pi \rho )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot {\vec {E}}=k_{1}(4\pi \rho )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4ddd19e917dc626c79619ad293392ba35093e48" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.26ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot {\vec {E}}=k_{1}(4\pi \rho )}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Per quanto riguarda il campo magnetico, la <a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Biot-Savart" title="Legge di Biot-Savart">legge di Biot-Savart</a> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {B}}=k_{2}{\vec {j}}\times {\frac {\vec {r}}{r^{3}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>j</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {B}}=k_{2}{\vec {j}}\times {\frac {\vec {r}}{r^{3}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ea7b613557eb770d771400fbfaf15432c86a241a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:14.001ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {B}}=k_{2}{\vec {j}}\times {\frac {\vec {r}}{r^{3}}}}" /></span>,</dd></dl> <p>che descrive la magnetostatica, o equivalentemente la <a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Amp%C3%A8re" title="Legge di Ampère">legge di Ampère</a> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times {\vec {B}}=k_{2}\left(4\pi {\vec {j}}+{\frac {\partial {\vec {E}}}{\partial t}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>j</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times {\vec {B}}=k_{2}\left(4\pi {\vec {j}}+{\frac {\partial {\vec {E}}}{\partial t}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e303c23e62bf55ebea15812bf243148d5f214fe2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:26.331ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times {\vec {B}}=k_{2}\left(4\pi {\vec {j}}+{\frac {\partial {\vec {E}}}{\partial t}}\right)}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Fisicamente, la scelta di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/376315fd4983f01dada5ec2f7bebc48455b14a66" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.265ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{1}}" /></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c51b4ba57ee596d8435fc4ed76703ca3a2fc444a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.265ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{2}}" /></span> equivale alla arbitraria scelta di unità di misura per <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" /></span> e per <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}" /></span>; quel che c'è di fisicamente certo è invece il rapporto tra le due, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {k_{1}}{k_{2}}}=c^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {k_{1}}{k_{2}}}=c^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d60f41f16ae3bd768ced8773190867b112d86031" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.671ex; width:7.684ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {k_{1}}{k_{2}}}=c^{2}}" /></span>, come compare nell'<a href="/wiki/Equazione_delle_onde" title="Equazione delle onde">equazione delle onde</a> della luce nel vuoto:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}{\vec {E}}-{\frac {k_{2}}{k_{1}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}{\vec {E}}}{\partial t^{2}}}=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}{\vec {E}}-{\frac {k_{2}}{k_{1}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}{\vec {E}}}{\partial t^{2}}}=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b27cfd241c39e2aab3f90d7003b147e2dd48e398" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:19.978ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}{\vec {E}}-{\frac {k_{2}}{k_{1}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}{\vec {E}}}{\partial t^{2}}}=0}" /></span>.</dd></dl> <p>Sono usate allora tre diverse possibilità che danno luogo a diversi sistemi, i cui principali sono i tre riassunti nella seguente tabella. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>k<sub>1</sub></th> <th>k<sub>2</sub></th> <th>Sistema </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>c<sup>−2</sup></td> <td>CGS elettrostatico </td></tr> <tr> <td>c<sup>2</sup></td> <td>1</td> <td>CGS magnetostatico </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 / (4·π·ε<sub>0</sub>)</td> <td>µ<sub>0</sub> /(4·π)</td> <td>SI </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unità_di_misura"><span id="Unit.C3.A0_di_misura"></span>Unità di misura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Unità di misura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Unità di misura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel corso degli anni, sono stati in uso fino a mezza dozzina di sistemi di unità elettromagnetiche differenti allo stesso tempo, la maggior parte dei quali basati sul sistema CGS. A complicare le cose poi c'è il fatto che alcuni fisici ed ingegneri statunitensi utilizzano unità ibride, come volt per centimetro, per il campo elettrico: la cosa è poco ortodossa dal punto di vista teorico, ma molto pratica dal punto di vista del laboratorio<i>.</i> </p><p>Per ovviare al caos della nomenclatura delle unità, allora, spesso (soprattutto nelle pubblicazioni sovietiche, che non riconoscevano le autorità occidentali, e nelle loro traduzioni) è stato usato un nome generico da usare indistintamente per tutte le unità; ovvero, si scriveva genericamente "la carica misura 3 u.e.s., il campo elettrico misura 9 u.e.s.". In tabella, le sigle:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Sistema </th> <th>sigla italiana </th> <th>sigla inglese </th> <th>significato </th></tr> <tr> <td>CGS elettrostatico </td> <td>u.e.s. </td> <td>e.s.u. </td> <td>unità elettro-statica </td></tr> <tr> <td>CGS magnetostatico </td> <td>u.e.m. </td> <td>e.m.u. </td> <td>unità elettro-magnetica </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ecco invece l'elenco delle unità di misura elettromagnetiche, consuetudinari nell'800: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Dimensione </th> <th>Nome dell'unità </th> <th>Definizione </th> <th>Rapporto con le unità <a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Sistema internazionale di unità di misura">SI</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica">carica elettrica</a> </td> <td>unità di carica elettrostatica, <a href="/wiki/Statcoulomb" title="Statcoulomb">franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statcoulomb" title="Statcoulomb">statcoulomb</a></td> <td>1 statC = 1 Fr = √(g·cm³/s²)</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6990333560000000000♠"></span>3,3356<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−10</sup> <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">C</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Potenziale_elettrico" title="Potenziale elettrico">potenziale elettrico</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Statvolt" title="Statvolt">statvolt</a></td> <td>1 statV = 1 <a href="/wiki/Erg" title="Erg">erg</a>/Fr</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002299792458000000♠"></span>299,792458 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Campo_elettrico" title="Campo elettrico">campo elettrico</a> </td> <td>gauss</td> <td>1 statV/cm = 1 <a href="/wiki/Dyne" title="Dyne">dyn</a>/Fr</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>forza del <a href="/wiki/Campo_magnetico" title="Campo magnetico">campo magnetico</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oersted_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Oersted (unità di misura)">oersted</a></td> <td>1 Oe</td> <td>= 1000/(4π) A/m = 79,577 A/m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Campo_magnetico" title="Campo magnetico">densità del flusso magnetico</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gauss_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Gauss (unità di misura)">gauss</a></td> <td>1 G = 1 Mx/cm²</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−4</sup> <a href="/wiki/Tesla_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Tesla (unità di misura)">T</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flusso_magnetico" title="Flusso magnetico">flusso magnetico</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Maxwell (unità di misura)">maxwell</a></td> <td>1 Mx = 1 G·cm²</td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6992100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−8</sup> <a href="/wiki/Weber_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Weber (unità di misura)">Wb</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>induzione magnetica </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gauss_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Gauss (unità di misura)">gauss</a></td> <td>1 G = 1 Mx/cm²</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Resistenza_elettrica" title="Resistenza elettrica">resistenza elettrica</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galdus_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galdus (unità di misura) (la pagina non esiste)">terdigaldus</a></td> <td>1 TG = 1 Mx/mm</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Resistivit%C3%A0_elettrica" title="Resistività elettrica">resistività elettrica</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albuj%C3%A4n_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albujän (unità di misura) (la pagina non esiste)">albujänis</a></td> <td>1 AJ = 1 Tg/mm = 6π • 44ω</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capacit%C3%A0_elettrica" title="Capacità elettrica">capacità elettrica</a> </td> <td></td> <td>1 cm = 0,9997 × 10<sup>−2</sup> esu²/erg </td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6988111300000000000♠"></span>1,113<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−12</sup> <a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">F</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Induttanza" title="Induttanza">induttanza</a> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6989898800000000000♠"></span>8,988<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−11</sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Henry (unità di misura)">H</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luminanza_(fisica)" title="Luminanza (fisica)">luminanza</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stilb" title="Stilb">stilb</a></td> <td>1 Sb</td> <td>= 10<sup>4</sup> <a href="/wiki/Candela_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Candela (unità di misura)">cd</a>/<a href="/wiki/Metro_quadrato" title="Metro quadrato">m²</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La capacità di un <a href="/wiki/Centimetro" class="mw-redirect" title="Centimetro">centimetro</a> è definita come la capacità tra una sfera di raggio 1 cm (nel vuoto) e l'infinito. Infatti la capacità <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4fc55753007cd3c18576f7933f6f089196732029" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.766ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C}" /></span> tra due sfere di raggio <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}" /></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}" /></span> è </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C={\frac {1}{{\frac {1}{r}}-{\frac {1}{R}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C={\frac {1}{{\frac {1}{r}}-{\frac {1}{R}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/30fdc5989ccb5ef12418a1d47c676921c090e326" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.505ex; width:12.283ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C={\frac {1}{{\frac {1}{r}}-{\frac {1}{R}}}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>e, se prendiamo il limite di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}" /></span> che tende all'infinito, vediamo che il valore di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4fc55753007cd3c18576f7933f6f089196732029" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.766ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C}" /></span> in CGS è uguale ad <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}" /></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFRosati">Rosati</a>, p. 7</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFRosati">Rosati</a>, pp. 653-654</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Sivuchin, <span style="font-style:italic;">Corso di Fisica Generale III, elettromagnetismo</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_CGS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRosati" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Sergio Rosati, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fisica Generale</span>, Milano, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 1990, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-408-0368-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-408-0368-8">88-408-0368-8</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci 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width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Sistema internazionale di unità di misura">Sistema internazionale</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_fondamentali_del_sistema_internazionale" title="Unità fondamentali del sistema internazionale">Unità di base</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Secondo" title="Secondo">secondo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">metro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chilogrammo" title="Chilogrammo">chilogrammo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mole" title="Mole">mole</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Candela_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Candela (unità di misura)">candela</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;">Unità derivate</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Newton (unità di misura)">newton</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Pascal (unità di misura)">pascal</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">ohm</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Siemens (unità di misura)">siemens</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">farad</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tesla_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Tesla (unità di misura)">tesla</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Weber_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Weber (unità di misura)">weber</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Henry_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Henry (unità di misura)">henry</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius">grado Celsius</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Radiante" title="Radiante">radiante</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Steradiante" title="Steradiante">steradiante</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lumen" title="Lumen">lumen</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lux" title="Lux">lux</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">becquerel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gray_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Gray (unità di misura)">gray</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">sievert</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Katal" title="Katal">katal</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sistema CGS</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;">Unità di base</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">centimetro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Grammo" title="Grammo">grammo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Secondo" title="Secondo">secondo</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;">Unità derivate</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Dyne" title="Dyne">dyne</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Erg" title="Erg">erg</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Baria" title="Baria">baria</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Poise" title="Poise">poise</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Statcoulomb" title="Statcoulomb">statcoulomb</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Statvolt" title="Statvolt">statvolt</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oersted_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Oersted (unità di misura)">oersted</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gauss_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Gauss (unità di misura)">gauss</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Maxwell (unità di misura)">maxwell</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rayl" title="Rayl">rayl</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gal" title="Gal">gal</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_pratico_degli_ingegneri" title="Sistema pratico degli ingegneri">Sistema Tecnico - MFS</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;">Unità di base</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">metro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chilogrammo_forza" title="Chilogrammo forza">chilogrammo forza</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Secondo" title="Secondo">secondo</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;">Unità derivate</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_tecnica_di_massa" title="Unità tecnica di massa">unità tecnica di massa</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_MTS" title="Sistema MTS">Sistema MTS</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;">Unità di base</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">metro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tonnellata" title="Tonnellata">tonnellata</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Secondo" title="Secondo">secondo</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;">Unità derivate</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Sth%C3%A8ne" title="Sthène">sthène</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">chilojoule</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">chilowatt</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ze" title="Pièze">pièze</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_atomiche" title="Unità atomiche">Unità atomiche</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;">Unità di base</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Raggio_di_Bohr" title="Raggio di Bohr">raggio di Bohr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Massa_a_riposo_dell%27elettrone" title="Massa a riposo dell'elettrone">massa a riposo dell'elettrone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carica_elementare" title="Carica elementare">carica elementare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Costante_di_Planck#Valore" title="Costante di Planck">costante di Dirac</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Energia_di_Hartree" title="Energia di Hartree">energia di Hartree</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_di_misura_di_Planck" title="Unità di misura di Planck">Unità di misura di Planck</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;">Unità di base</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Tempo_di_Planck" title="Tempo di Planck">tempo di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lunghezza_di_Planck" title="Lunghezza di Planck">lunghezza di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Massa_di_Planck" title="Massa di Planck">massa di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carica_di_Planck" title="Carica di Planck">carica di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_di_Planck" title="Temperatura di Planck">temperatura di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Costante_di_Planck" title="Costante di Planck">quanto del momento angolare</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;">Unità derivate</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Energia_di_Planck" title="Energia di Planck">energia di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Forza_di_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Forza di Planck">forza di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Potenza_di_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Potenza di Planck">potenza di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0_di_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Densità di Planck">densità di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frequenza_angolare_di_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequenza angolare di Planck">frequenza angolare di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pressione_di_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressione di Planck">pressione di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Corrente_di_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrente di Planck">corrente di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tensione_di_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensione di Planck">tensione di Planck</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Resistenza_di_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistenza di Planck">resistenza di Planck</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;">Altre unità di misura</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Area</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Ettaro" title="Ettaro">ettaro</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0_lineare" title="Densità lineare">Densità lineare</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Denaro_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Denaro (unità di misura)">denaro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tex_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Tex (unità di misura)">tex</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Entropia" title="Entropia">Entropia</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Clausius_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Clausius (unità di misura)">clausius</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Massa_(fisica)" title="Massa (fisica)">Massa</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Grano_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Grano (unità di misura)">grano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scruple" title="Scruple">scruple</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dramma_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Dramma (unità di misura)">dramma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oncia_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Oncia (unità di misura)">oncia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Libbra" title="Libbra">libbra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pietra_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietra (unità di misura)">pietra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quarto_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Quarto (unità di misura)">quarto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Slug_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Slug (unità di misura)">slug</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">Temperatura</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Grado_R%C3%B8mer" title="Grado Rømer">grado Rømer</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">Energia</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Caloria" title="Caloria">caloria</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frigoria" title="Frigoria">frigoria</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:center; width:22%;"><a href="/wiki/Lunghezza" title="Lunghezza">lunghezza</a> in astronomia</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_astronomica" title="Unità astronomica">unità astronomica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anno_luce" title="Anno luce">anno luce</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=38552">38552</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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